EP0699508B1 - Hydraulic impact screwdriver especially for tightening threaded connection - Google Patents

Hydraulic impact screwdriver especially for tightening threaded connection Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0699508B1
EP0699508B1 EP95110755A EP95110755A EP0699508B1 EP 0699508 B1 EP0699508 B1 EP 0699508B1 EP 95110755 A EP95110755 A EP 95110755A EP 95110755 A EP95110755 A EP 95110755A EP 0699508 B1 EP0699508 B1 EP 0699508B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pulse
compressed air
transverse beam
air motor
torque
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP95110755A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0699508A1 (en
Inventor
Konrad Karl Kettner
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Cooper Industries LLC
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Cooper Industries LLC
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
    • B25B23/00—Details of, or accessories for, spanners, wrenches, screwdrivers
    • B25B23/14—Arrangement of torque limiters or torque indicators in wrenches or screwdrivers
    • B25B23/145—Arrangement of torque limiters or torque indicators in wrenches or screwdrivers specially adapted for fluid operated wrenches or screwdrivers
    • B25B23/1453—Arrangement of torque limiters or torque indicators in wrenches or screwdrivers specially adapted for fluid operated wrenches or screwdrivers for impact wrenches or screwdrivers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
    • B25B23/00—Details of, or accessories for, spanners, wrenches, screwdrivers
    • B25B23/14—Arrangement of torque limiters or torque indicators in wrenches or screwdrivers
    • B25B23/145—Arrangement of torque limiters or torque indicators in wrenches or screwdrivers specially adapted for fluid operated wrenches or screwdrivers
    • B25B23/1456—Arrangement of torque limiters or torque indicators in wrenches or screwdrivers specially adapted for fluid operated wrenches or screwdrivers having electrical components

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a hydraulic pulse screwdriver according to the Preamble of claim 1.
  • a pulse screwdriver (EP-B 292 752) is inside the output shaft of the striking mechanism a torque setting device comprising an adjusting screw and a spring loaded Valve ball / valve seat unit known, the Compression spring on one arranged in the motor shaft of the compressed air motor Actuating rod acts via the interposition a locking element a spring-loaded check valve for the Compressed air supply to the compressed air motor is actuated.
  • the shutdown device is both at the front end of the Impulse wrench as well as behind the air motor is as mechanical construction exposed to wear and otherwise only accessible with effort, so that this construction is definitely in need of improvement.
  • a hydraulic impulse wrench according to the preamble of claim 1 is e.g. known from DE-A-4 218 816.
  • the object of the invention is a pulse wrench of the generic type Kind in such a way that a compact Construction of a pulse screwdriver in connection with a torque-dependent shutdown of the screwdriver and a easy access to the components of the shutdown device is guaranteed.
  • the invention is an actuator in the momentary pressure prevailing in the pulse unit, which changes with the tightening of the screw connection builds up as a force given a cantilever where the force as the instantaneous Bending moment representing torque and one electronic evaluation unit is supplied for a comparison with a predetermined limit torque and depending on switching off the pulse screwdriver.
  • this Measures becomes essentially wear-free Adjustment element realized, which also takes up little space required and therefore easily in the housing of a pulse screwdriver can be accommodated.
  • the invention Measures also achieved weight savings for a hand tool is very essential. Overall, the Sensor together with their outlets as one unit be accommodated in a rear housing part, wherever they are are easily accessible.
  • the bending beam is a radial leg of a support ring for fastening the bending beam in the rear part of the housing, so that the annulus for the penetration of other working elements, such as an angle encoder, is available.
  • This is expediently Counter wheel of such an encoder immediately adjacent to the Bending beam arranged on the motor shaft of the compressed air motor, so that a spatial unit of these receiving elements is guaranteed.
  • the control element is expediently used as Adjustment rod designed to be very simple as a pressure-conducting Connecting element in the output shaft and the motor shaft can be accommodated and since it has a rolling bearing expediently acts on the bending beam, hardly any Is exposed to wear.
  • the one shown in Figure 1 in training as a hand tool Impulse wrench has a handle 1 with a pressure switch 2 with which a not shown in the drawing Tilting valve for the compressed air supply can be operated. Above the handle 1 is inside a housing 3 Compressed air motor 4, which is followed by a pulse unit 5 is. The compressed air supply 6 opens into a compressed air chamber 7 in the housing 3, from where it reaches the air motor. At 9 is a centrifugal switch mounted on a motor shaft 8 referred to the one surrounding the motor shaft 8 Compression spring 10 acts. On that facing away from the shut-off valve 9 At the end sits a sleeve-shaped cover 11 of the pulse unit 5, which is rotatably connected to the motor shaft 8 is. This cover 11 is non-rotatable with an opposite one cylindrical housing 12 connected on a Output shaft 13 of the pulse unit 5 is mounted. The Output shaft 13 ends at a short distance from it axially aligned motor shaft 8.
  • the cover 11 and the housing 12 delimit one between them Cylinder chamber 14 which is eccentric in that of the cover 11 and the housing 12 limited cylinder of the pulse unit 5th is provided.
  • the output shaft 13 passes through this cylinder chamber 14 and is conventionally eccentric in Arranged with respect to the axis of this cylinder chamber 14.
  • Slat 15 radially slidably housed under the Force is exerted by two compression springs 16, which the lamella 15 radially outwards against the cylindrical wall of the housing 12 presses.
  • the output shaft 13 with roller bearings 17 and 18 in the motor housing 3 rotatably, which the cylindrical Sheath of the housing 12 of the pulse unit with formation of an annular gap 19 surrounds.
  • the output shaft 13 At the front end takes the output shaft 13 a not shown here Tool, for example a chuck for screwing tools on.
  • the cylinder chamber 14 is known per se through the lamella 15 Divided into two chambers, not shown, the cylinder chamber 14 being completely filled with pressure medium, is preferably filled with pressure oil.
  • the pulse screwdriver is with a frequency setting device 20 provided by an adjusting screw 21 is formed, which is in a coaxial threaded bore of the output shaft 13 is screwed.
  • the adjusting screw 21 leaves operate easily from the outside.
  • the adjusting screw 21 extends with a thread-free section in a central the output shaft 19 penetrating bore 22 in the also an adjusting rod 23 is received, which is in a bore 24 of the axially aligned motor shaft 8 is mounted.
  • a compression spring 25 arranged at its other end a shoulder of the actuating rod 23 is supported.
  • This bending beam 27 is how best seen in Figure 2, part of an over a pin 29 on the housing part 28 fixed ring 30 and forms a radial leg of this ring 30.
  • a cable harness 33 received in a stuffing box 32 become an electronic switching element 34 leads.
  • One of the transducers takes tensile, the other Pressure loads.
  • the spring 25, which is also opposite another component of the pulse screwdriver firmly supported can be used so that the rod and ball are always connected is held with the bending beam.
  • the end of the adjusting rod 23 facing the pulse screwdriver 5, on which the compression spring 25 is supported, is not about bores shown in fluid connection with the Cylinder chamber 14 so that the cylinder chamber 14 pressure build-up on the adjusting rod during the screwing process 23 is present, which is correspondingly strongly dependent on the pressure the bending beam 27 is pressed, where the at the front end of the Actuating rod 23 pending pressure or that on the bending beam 27 acting force as a bending moment through the strain gauges 31 is added.
  • These pressure-dependent bending moments are given over the line in the wiring harness 33 and via the switching element 34 of an electronic control unit 40 supplied, where the determined bending moment with a predetermined Limit torque for the screw connection compared becomes.
  • Control valve 43 actuated, via which the compressed air supply interrupted via line 44 to the compressed air motor 4 and the impulse wrench is switched off immediately.
  • an angle count is carried out via the angle encoder 35, 37, so that to increase the security of the correct Tightening a screw connection the torque and the Angle of rotation can be used.
  • angles of rotation and torque at the time of shutdown with a a maximum and minimum torque and certain angles of rotation given window are compared, the Circuit a light signal in a specific color or generates a beep when the switch-off time in the window defined in this way.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Hydro-Impulsschrauber gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruches 1.The invention relates to a hydraulic pulse screwdriver according to the Preamble of claim 1.

Derartige, häufig als Handwerkzeuge ausgebildete Impulsschrauber werden in unterschiedlichsten Konstruktionen sehr umfangreich insbesondere für das Anziehen von Schraubverbindungen verwendet. Um eine den zu erwartenden Belastungen standhaltende Schraubverbindung zu gewahrleisten, ist es hierbei unabdinglich, daß die Schraubverbindungen bis zu einem vorgeschriebenen Drehmoment angezogen werden. Ein nicht ausreichendes Anziehen könnte ein Lockern der Schraubverbindung mit einer entsprechenden Gefahr der Beschädigung der Bauteile und Unfällen mit sich bringen, ein Anziehen der Schraubverbindung über das vorgegebene Grenzdrehmoment hinaus, wirkt das Risiko einer Beschädigung der Schraubverbindung insich.Such pulse screwdrivers, often designed as hand tools become very different in different constructions extensive especially for tightening screw connections used. To the expected loads To ensure that the screw connection is stable, it is it is essential that the screw connections up to one specified torque. A not Sufficient tightening could loosen the screw connection with a corresponding risk of damaging the Components and accidents entail tightening the Screw connection beyond the specified limit torque, counteracts the risk of damage to the screw connection in itself.

Um im Sinne einer kontrollierten Schraubverbindung die Schrauben oder Muttern bis zu einem vorgegebenen Drehmoment anzuziehen, ist es bekannt (DE-PS 26 00 939), hinter der abtreibenden Motorwelle des Druckluftmotors ein aus einer Mehrzahl von Strebebauteilen gebildetes Torsionselement vorzusehen und an jedem der mehreren Strebebauteile einen Dehnungsmesser anzuordnen, der Teil einer Wheatston'schen Brückenschaltung ist. Im Betrieb des Schraubers zum Anziehen einer Schraube verursacht das auf den Schraubenschlüssel wirkende Reaktionsdrehmoment eine Verdrehung der Strebebauteile um die Achse des Schraubenschlüssels, wobei der Betrag der Verdrehung proportional zu dem Reaktionsdrehmoment ist. Dieses Reaktionsdrehmoment ist im wesentlichen gleich und entgegengesetzt zu dem Drehmoment, mit welchem die Schraube beaufschlagt wird. Dadurch wird über die Dehnungsmesser und die Wheatston'sche Brückenschaltung ein das augenblicklich der Schraube oder der Mutter zugeführte Drehmoment darstellendes elektrisches Signal erzeugt, welches mit einem vorgegebenen Grenzdrehmoment verglichen wird, um beim Erreichen des vorgegebenen Drehmoments schließlich den Schrauber auszuschalten. Abgesehen davon, daß es sich beim Torsionselement um ein mechanisch kompliziertes und auch verschleißanfälliges Bauteil handelt, ist die Anordnung dieser drehmomentabhängigen Abschalteinrichtung nur schwer innerhalb des Schraubers zugänglich und führt zudem zu einer sehr langen Bauweise eines Schraubers, so daß abgesehen von einem komplizierten Aufbau des Schraubers auch das Handling des Schraubers selbst nachteilhaft ist.In order to control the screw connection Screws or nuts up to a specified torque to attract, it is known (DE-PS 26 00 939), behind the abortion Motor shaft of the compressed air motor one of a plurality to provide torsion element formed by strut components and a strain gauge on each of the multiple strut members to arrange, the part of a Wheatston bridge circuit is. In the operation of the screwdriver to tighten one Screw causes that to act on the wrench Reaction torque is a rotation of the strut components around the Axis of the wrench, the amount of rotation is proportional to the reaction torque. This reaction torque is essentially the same and opposite to the torque applied by the screw becomes. This is about the strain gauge and the Wheatstonian bridge circuit on the moment the Representing screw or nut supplied torque generated electrical signal, which with a predetermined Limit torque is compared to when reaching the predetermined Torque finally turn off the screwdriver. Apart from the fact that the torsion element is a mechanical one complicated and wear-prone component is the arrangement of this torque-dependent shutdown device difficult to access inside the screwdriver and also leads to a very long design Screwdriver, so apart from a complicated structure the handling of the screwdriver itself is disadvantageous is.

Bei einer weiter bekannten drehmomentabhängigen Abschalteinrichtung eines Impulsschraubers (EP-B 292 752) ist innerhalb der Abtriebswelle des Schlagwerkes eine Drehmomenteinstelleinrichtung umfassend eine Einstellschraube und eine druckfederbelastete Ventilkugel/Ventilsitzeinheit bekannt, wobei die Druckfeder auf eine in der Motorwelle des Druckluftmotors angeordnete Stellstange wirkt, über die unter Zwischenschaltung eines Rastelements ein federbelastetes Sperrventil für die Druckluftzufuhr zum Druckluftmotor betätigt wird. Die Abschalteinrichtung befindet sich sowohl am vorderen Ende des Impulsschraubers wie auch hinter dem Druckluftmotor, ist als mechanische Konstruktion einem entsprechenden Verschleiß ausgesetzt und im übrigen auch nur mit Aufwand zugänglich, so daß diese Konstruktion durchaus verbesserungswürdig ist.In a further known torque-dependent shutdown device a pulse screwdriver (EP-B 292 752) is inside the output shaft of the striking mechanism a torque setting device comprising an adjusting screw and a spring loaded Valve ball / valve seat unit known, the Compression spring on one arranged in the motor shaft of the compressed air motor Actuating rod acts via the interposition a locking element a spring-loaded check valve for the Compressed air supply to the compressed air motor is actuated. The shutdown device is both at the front end of the Impulse wrench as well as behind the air motor is as mechanical construction exposed to wear and otherwise only accessible with effort, so that this construction is definitely in need of improvement.

Ein Hydro-Impulsschrauber nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 ist z.B. aus der DE-A-4 218 816 bekannt.A hydraulic impulse wrench according to the preamble of claim 1 is e.g. known from DE-A-4 218 816.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, einen Impulsschrauber der gattungsgemäßen Art derart weiterzubilden, daß eine kompakte Bauweise eines Impulsschraubers in Zusammenhang mit einer drebmomentabhängigen Abschaltung des Schraubers sowie eine einfache Zugängigkeit zu den Bauelementen der Abschalteinrichtung gewährleistet ist.The object of the invention is a pulse wrench of the generic type Kind in such a way that a compact Construction of a pulse screwdriver in connection with a torque-dependent shutdown of the screwdriver and a easy access to the components of the shutdown device is guaranteed.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch die im Anspruch 1 enthaltenen Merkmale gelöst, wobei zweckmäßige Weiterbildungen der Erfindung durch die in den Unteransprüchen enthaltenen Merkmale gekennzeichnet sind.This object is achieved by the im Features contained claim 1 solved, wherein expedient developments of the invention by the in the Characteristics contained subclaims are marked.

Nach Maßgabe der Erfindung wird über ein Stellelement der in der Impulseinheit herrschende momentane Druck, der sich mit dem Anziehen der Schraubverbindung aufbaut, als Kraft auf einen Biegebalken gegeben, wo die Kraft als das augenblickliche Drehmoment darstellende Biegemoment aufgenommen und einer elektronischen Auswerteeinheit zugeführt wird, um einen Vergleich mit einem vorgegebenen Grenzdrehmoment vorzunehmen und davon abhängig den Impulsschrauber abzuschalten. Durch diese Maßnahmen wird ein im wesentlichen verschleißunabhängiges Einstellelement realisiert, welches zudem wenig Platzbedarf erfordert und damit leicht im Gehäuse eines Impulsschraubers untergebracht werden kann. Zudem wird durch die erfindungsgemäßen Maßnahmen auch eine Gewichtsersparnis erreicht, die für ein Handwerkzeug sehr wesentlich ist. Insgesamt können die Meßaufnehmer samt ihren Abgängen nach außen als eine Einheit in einem hinteren Gehäuseteil aufgenommen werden, wo sie auch leicht zugänglich sind.According to the invention is an actuator in the momentary pressure prevailing in the pulse unit, which changes with the tightening of the screw connection builds up as a force given a cantilever where the force as the instantaneous Bending moment representing torque and one electronic evaluation unit is supplied for a comparison with a predetermined limit torque and depending on switching off the pulse screwdriver. Through this Measures becomes essentially wear-free Adjustment element realized, which also takes up little space required and therefore easily in the housing of a pulse screwdriver can be accommodated. In addition, the invention Measures also achieved weight savings for a hand tool is very essential. Overall, the Sensor together with their outlets as one unit be accommodated in a rear housing part, wherever they are are easily accessible.

In weiterer Ausbildung der Erfindung ist der Biegebalken ein radialer Schenkel eines Stützringes zur Befestigung des Biegebalkens im hinteren Gehäuseteil, so daß der Ringraum für den Durchgriff weiterer Arbeitselemente, wie etwa eines Winkelgebers, zur Verfügung steht. Zweckmäßigerweise wird das Zählrad eines solchen Winkelgebers unmittelbar benachbart des Biegebalkens auf der Motorwelle des Druckluftmotors angeordnet, so daß eine räumliche Einheit dieser Aufnahmeelemente gewährleistet ist. Zweckmäßigerweise ist das Stellelement als Stellstange ausgebildet, die sehr einfach als druckleitendes Verbindungselement in der Abtriebswelle und der Motorwelle untergebracht werden kann und, da es über ein Wälzlager zweckmäßigerweise auf den Biegebalken einwirkt, kaum einem Verschleiß ausgesetzt ist.In a further embodiment of the invention, the bending beam is a radial leg of a support ring for fastening the bending beam in the rear part of the housing, so that the annulus for the penetration of other working elements, such as an angle encoder, is available. This is expediently Counter wheel of such an encoder immediately adjacent to the Bending beam arranged on the motor shaft of the compressed air motor, so that a spatial unit of these receiving elements is guaranteed. The control element is expediently used as Adjustment rod designed to be very simple as a pressure-conducting Connecting element in the output shaft and the motor shaft can be accommodated and since it has a rolling bearing expediently acts on the bending beam, hardly any Is exposed to wear.

Nachfolgend wird ein bevorzugtes Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung anhand der Zeichnungen beschrieben. Darin zeigen

  • Figur 1 eine teilweise Schnittansicht eines erfindungsgemäßen Impulsschraubers mit einer schematischen Darstellung der Meßelektronik sowie
  • Figur 2 eine Teilansicht von Figur 1, welche in Vorderansicht einen Biegebalken zeigt, der Teil der Abschalteinrichtung ist.
    • A preferred embodiment of the invention is described below with reference to the drawings. Show in it
  • Figure 1 is a partial sectional view of a pulse screwdriver according to the invention with a schematic representation of the measuring electronics and
  • Figure 2 is a partial view of Figure 1, which shows a front view of a bending beam that is part of the shutdown device.

    • Der in Figur 1 in der Ausbildung als Handwerkzeug dargestellte Impulsschrauber weist einen Griff 1 mit einem Druckschalter 2 auf, mit dem ein zeichnerisch nicht dargestelltes Kippventil für die Druckluftzuführung betätigt werden kann. Oberhalb des Handgriffes 1 ist innerhalb eines Gehäuses 3 ein Druckluftmotor 4 angeordnet, dem eine Impulseinheit 5 nachgeschaltet ist. Die Druckluftzuführung 6 mündet in eine Druckluftkammer 7 im Gehäuse 3, von wo sie zum Druckluftmotor gelangt. Mit 9 ist ein auf einer Motorwelle 8 gelagerter Fliehkraftschalter bezeichnet, auf den eine die Motorwelle 8 umgebende Druckfeder 10 wirkt. Auf dem vom Absperrventil 9 abgewandten Ende sitzt ein hülsenförmiger Deckel 11 der Impulseinheit 5, welcher mit der Motorwelle 8 drehfest verbunden ist. Dieser Deckel 11 ist drehfest mit einem gegenüberliegenden zylinderförmigen Gehäuse 12 verbunden, der auf einer Abtriebswelle 13 der Impulseinheit 5 gelagert ist. Die Abtriebswelle 13 endet mit geringem Abstand von der damit axial ausgerichteten Motorwelle 8.The one shown in Figure 1 in training as a hand tool Impulse wrench has a handle 1 with a pressure switch 2 with which a not shown in the drawing Tilting valve for the compressed air supply can be operated. Above the handle 1 is inside a housing 3 Compressed air motor 4, which is followed by a pulse unit 5 is. The compressed air supply 6 opens into a compressed air chamber 7 in the housing 3, from where it reaches the air motor. At 9 is a centrifugal switch mounted on a motor shaft 8 referred to the one surrounding the motor shaft 8 Compression spring 10 acts. On that facing away from the shut-off valve 9 At the end sits a sleeve-shaped cover 11 of the pulse unit 5, which is rotatably connected to the motor shaft 8 is. This cover 11 is non-rotatable with an opposite one cylindrical housing 12 connected on a Output shaft 13 of the pulse unit 5 is mounted. The Output shaft 13 ends at a short distance from it axially aligned motor shaft 8.

    Der Deckel 11 und das Gehäuse 12 begrenzen zwischen sich eine Zylinderkammer 14, die exzentrisch in dem von dem Deckel 11 und dem Gehäuse 12 begrenzten Zylinder der Impulseinheit 5 vorgesehen ist. Die Abtriebswelle 13 durchsetzt diese Zylinderkammer 14 und ist in konventioneller Weise exzentrisch im Bezug auf die Achse dieser Zylinderkammer 14 angeordnet. Zur Bildung der Impulseinheit ist in der Abtriebswelle 13 eine Lamelle 15 radial verschieblich untergebracht, die unter der Kraft von zwei Druckfedern 16 steht, welche die Lamelle 15 radial nach außen gegen die zylinderische Wand des Gehäuses 12 drückt.The cover 11 and the housing 12 delimit one between them Cylinder chamber 14 which is eccentric in that of the cover 11 and the housing 12 limited cylinder of the pulse unit 5th is provided. The output shaft 13 passes through this cylinder chamber 14 and is conventionally eccentric in Arranged with respect to the axis of this cylinder chamber 14. For Formation of the pulse unit is in the output shaft 13 Slat 15 radially slidably housed under the Force is exerted by two compression springs 16, which the lamella 15 radially outwards against the cylindrical wall of the housing 12 presses.

    Im übrigen ist die Abtriebswelle 13 mit Wälzlagern 17 und 18 im Motorgehäuse 3 drehbar gelagert, welches den zylinderischen Mantel des Gehäuses 12 der Impulseinheit unter Bildung eines Ringspaltes 19 umgibt. Am vorderen Ende nimmt die Abtriebswelle 13 ein hier nicht zeichnerisch dargestelltes Werkzeug, beispielsweise ein Spannfutter für Schraubwerkzeuge auf.Otherwise, the output shaft 13 with roller bearings 17 and 18 in the motor housing 3 rotatably, which the cylindrical Sheath of the housing 12 of the pulse unit with formation of an annular gap 19 surrounds. At the front end takes the output shaft 13 a not shown here Tool, for example a chuck for screwing tools on.

    Die Zylinderkammer 14 ist durch die Lamelle 15 in ansich bekannter Weise in zwei nicht näher dargestellte Kammern unterteilt, wobei die Zylinderkammer 14 vollständig mit Druckmedium, vorzugsweise mit Drucköl, gefüllt ist.The cylinder chamber 14 is known per se through the lamella 15 Divided into two chambers, not shown, the cylinder chamber 14 being completely filled with pressure medium, is preferably filled with pressure oil.

    Zum Starten des Impulsschraubers wird der Druckschalter 2 gedrückt, so daß Druckluft in die Druckluftkammer 7 zum Druckluftmotor gelangt, so daß dieser in bekannter Weise angetrieben wird. Die Motorwelle 8 des Druckluftmotors 3 treibt infolge der drehfesten Lagerung den Deckel 11 und das Gehäuse 12 an. Über das in der Zylinderkammer 14 befindliche Drucköl wird hierbei die Abtriebswelle 13 rotierend mitgenommen. Dadurch wird das am vorderen Ende des Abtriebwerkzeuges 13 aufgenommene Werkzeug gedreht, so daß eine Schraube oder Mutter in ein jeweiliges Bauteil geschraubt werden kann. Solange der Schraubenkopf oder die Mutter noch nicht aufliegen, drehen die Motorwelle 8 und die Abtriebswelle 13 gemeinsam. Sobald jedoch der Schraubenkopf bzw. die Mutter aufsitzt, wirkt eine Gegenkraft auf die Abtriebswelle 13, so daß es zum Anziehen der Schraube oder der Mutter nunmehr notwendig ist, daß mit der Abtriebswelle 13 ein Drehmoment auf die Schraube oder die Mutter aufgebracht wird. Da die Motorwelle 8 mit dem Deckel 11 und dem Gehäuse 12 der Impulseinheit gegenüber der Abtriebswelle 13 drehbar gelagert ist, wird die Motorwelle 8 weiterhin drehbar angetrieben, so daß sich der Deckel 11 und das Gehäuse 12 relativ zur Abtriebswelle 13 drehen.To start the pulse screwdriver, press the pressure switch 2, so that compressed air into the compressed air chamber 7 to the compressed air motor arrives so that it is driven in a known manner becomes. The motor shaft 8 of the compressed air motor 3 drives as a result the rotatable mounting the cover 11 and the housing 12 on. About the pressure oil located in the cylinder chamber 14 the output shaft 13 is rotatably entrained. Thereby is taken up at the front end of the driven tool 13 Tool turned so that a screw or nut can be screwed into a respective component. As long as the Turn the screw head or the nut not yet on the motor shaft 8 and the output shaft 13 together. As soon as however, the screw head or nut is seated, one acts Counterforce on the output shaft 13 so that it can be tightened the screw or nut is now necessary that with the output shaft 13 a torque on the screw or Mother is applied. Since the motor shaft 8 with the cover 11 and the housing 12 of the pulse unit opposite the output shaft 13 is rotatably mounted, the motor shaft 8 still rotatably driven so that the cover 11 and rotate the housing 12 relative to the output shaft 13.

    In Folge der exzentrischen Anordnung der Abtriebswelle 13 in der Zylinderkammer 14 und im Inneren der Zylinderkammer 14 in bekannter Weise vorgesehene Abdichtungen, ergibt sich die bereits zuvor beschriebene Aufteilung der Zylinderkammer 14 in zwei Arbeitskammern, die durch die Lamelle 15 und die Abtriebswelle 19 gegeneinander abgedichtet sind. Dadurch wird das Hydraulikmedium in einer der Arbeitskammern unter Druck gesetzt, da das Druckmedium nicht in die andere Arbeitskammer gelangen kann. Der sich hierbei aufbauende Druck wird auf den in der Zylinderkammer 14 befindlichen Teil der Abtriebswelle 13 übertragen, die dadurch in bekannter Weise ruckartig in Drehrichtung des Gehäuses 12 gedreht wird. Sobald die oben genannten Dichtleisten überfahren werden, gelangt das Hydraulikmedium von der einen Arbeitskammer in die andere Arbeitskammer, wobei schließlich wiederum eine Dichtstellung erreicht wird, so daß in bekannter Weise die Abtriebswelle 13 impulsartig gedreht wird.As a result of the eccentric arrangement of the output shaft 13 in the cylinder chamber 14 and inside the cylinder chamber 14 in Seals provided in a known manner, the result is already previously described division of the cylinder chamber 14 in two working chambers through the lamella 15 and the output shaft 19 are sealed against each other. This will the hydraulic medium in one of the working chambers under pressure set because the print medium is not in the other working chamber can reach. The pressure that builds up here is on the part of the output shaft located in the cylinder chamber 14 13 transferred, which jerky in a known manner Direction of rotation of the housing 12 is rotated. Once the above run over the sealing strips mentioned, that gets Hydraulic medium from one working chamber to the other Working chamber, finally a sealing position is reached so that the output shaft 13th in a known manner is rotated impulsively.

    Da bei einem kontrollierten Festziehen der Schrauben oder der Muttern diese nur bis zu einem vorgegebenen Drehmoment angezogen werden dürfen, muß der Schraubvorgang bei Erreichen dieses vorgegebenen Grenzdrehmoments abgebrochen werden. Hierzu wird der in der Zylinderkammer 14 sich in der Dichtstellung der Abtriebswelle 13 aufbauende Druck zur Bestimmung des Abschaltzeitpunktes bei dem vorgegebenen Grenzdrehmoment herangezogen. Der Impulsschrauber ist mit einer Frequenzeinstelleinrichtung 20 versehen, die durch eine Einstellschraube 21 gebildet ist, die in eine koaxiale Gewindebohrung der Abtriebswelle 13 geschraubt ist. Die Einstellschraube 21 läßt sich leicht von außen betätigen. Die Einstellschraube 21 erstreckt sich mit einem gewindefreien Abschnitt in eine zentrische die Abtriebswelle 19 durchsetzende Bohrung 22, in der auch eine Stellstange 23 aufgenommen ist, die in einer Bohrung 24 der axial ausgerichteten Motorwelle 8 gelagert ist. Auf dem gewindefreien Abschnitt der Einstellschraube 21 ist eine Druckfeder 25 angeordnet, die mit ihrem anderen Ende an einer Schulter der Stellstange 23 abgestützt ist. Diese die Motorwelle 8 durchsetzende Stellstange 23 wirkt im übrigen mit ihrem von der Impulseinheit 5 entfernten Ende zweckmäßigerweise über eine Kugel 26 auf einen Biegebalken 27 ein, der fest in einem hinteren und auf das Gehäuse 3 aufsetzbaren Gehäuseteil 28 abgestützt ist. Dieser Biegebalken 27 ist, wie am besten aus Figur 2 hervorgeht, Bestandteil eines über einen Stift 29 am Gehäuseteil 28 festgelegten Ringes 30 und bildet hierbei einen radialen Schenkel diese Ringes 30. Vorzugsweise auf beiden Seiten des Biegebalkens 27 ist ein Meßwertaufnehmer in der Art eines Dehnungsmeßstreifens 31 aufgenommen, insbesondere aufgeklebt, deren Signalleitungen einem in einer Stopfbuchse 32 aufgenommenen Kabelbaum 33 zugeführt werden, der zu einem elektronischen Schaltelement 34 führt. Einen der Meßwertaufnehmer nimmt Zug-, der andere Druckbeanspruchungen auf. Die Feder 25, die auch gegenüber einem anderen Bauteil des Impulsschraubers fest abgestützt sein kann, dient dazu, daß die Stange und Kugel stets in Verbindung mit dem Biegebalken gehalten wird.Because with a controlled tightening of the screws or the Nuts only tightened to a specified torque the screwing process must be reached when it is reached this predetermined limit torque can be canceled. For this purpose, the cylinder chamber 14 is in the sealing position the output shaft 13 building pressure for determination the switch-off time at the specified limit torque used. The pulse screwdriver is with a frequency setting device 20 provided by an adjusting screw 21 is formed, which is in a coaxial threaded bore of the output shaft 13 is screwed. The adjusting screw 21 leaves operate easily from the outside. The adjusting screw 21 extends with a thread-free section in a central the output shaft 19 penetrating bore 22 in the also an adjusting rod 23 is received, which is in a bore 24 of the axially aligned motor shaft 8 is mounted. On the thread-free section of the adjusting screw 21 is a compression spring 25 arranged at its other end a shoulder of the actuating rod 23 is supported. This the Actuating rod 23 passing through motor shaft 8 acts otherwise with its end remote from the pulse unit 5 expediently via a ball 26 on a bending beam 27, the firmly in a rear housing part that can be placed on the housing 3 28 is supported. This bending beam 27 is how best seen in Figure 2, part of an over a pin 29 on the housing part 28 fixed ring 30 and forms a radial leg of this ring 30. Preferably is on both sides of the bending beam 27 Transducer in the manner of a strain gauge 31 recorded, in particular glued, their signal lines a cable harness 33 received in a stuffing box 32 become an electronic switching element 34 leads. One of the transducers takes tensile, the other Pressure loads. The spring 25, which is also opposite another component of the pulse screwdriver firmly supported can be used so that the rod and ball are always connected is held with the bending beam.

    Ferner ist an der von der Impulseinheit 5 entfernten Ende der Motorwelle 8 unmittelbar benachbart des Biegebalkens 27 ein scheibenartiges Zählrad 35 angeordnet und mit der Motorwelle drehfest verbunden. Dieses Zählrad 35 wirkt mit einem im Gehäuseteil 28 an einem Flansch 36 fest aufgenommenen, stiftartigen Sensor 37 zusammen, der den Ringraum 38 des den Biegebalken 27 aufweisenden Ringes 30 durchgreift. Durch den damit gebildeten Drehwinkelgeber läßt sich der Drehwinkel der Schraube oder Mutter während des Einschraubvorganges bestimmen. Der Sensor 37 ist über eine Signalleitung 39 mit der Stopfbuchse 32 verbunden und wird dem Kabelbaum 33 zugeführt. Ersichtlich sind der Biegebalken 27 einschließlich des Befestigungsringes 30, der Sensor 37 und die Signalleitungen im hinteren Gehäuseteil 28 platzsparend und einfach zugänglich untergebracht, wobei auch beim Abnehmen des hinteren Gehäuseteils 28 ein bequemer Zugang zum Zählrad 35 möglich ist.Furthermore, at the end remote from the pulse unit 5 Motor shaft 8 immediately adjacent to the bending beam 27 disc-like counter wheel 35 arranged and with the motor shaft non-rotatably connected. This counter wheel 35 acts with a in the housing part 28 fixed to a flange 36, pin-like Sensor 37 together, the annular space 38 of the bending beam 27 having ring 30 passes through. With that formed rotary encoder, the angle of rotation of the Determine the screw or nut during the screwing-in process. The sensor 37 is connected via a signal line 39 to the Stuffing box 32 connected and is supplied to the wire harness 33. The bending beam 27 including the fastening ring can be seen 30, the sensor 37 and the signal lines in rear housing part 28 space-saving and easily accessible housed, even when removing the rear housing part 28 easy access to the counter wheel 35 is possible.

    Das der Impulsschrauber 5 zugewandte Ende der Stellstange 23, auf der sich die Druckfeder 25 abstützt, steht über nicht näher dargestellte Bohrungen in Druckmittelverbindung mit der Zylinderkammer 14, so daß der sich in der Zylinderkammer 14 während des Schraubvorganges aufbauende Druck an der Stellstange 23 anliegt, die druckabhängig entsprechend stark auf den Biegebalken 27 gedrückt wird, wo der am vorderen Ende der Stellstange 23 anstehende Druck bzw. die auf den Biegebalken 27 einwirkende Kraft als Biegemoment durch die Dehnungsmeßstreifen 31 aufgenommen wird. Diese druckabhängigen Biegemomente werden über die Leitung in den Kabelbaum 33 gegeben und über das Schaltelement 34 einer elektronischen Steuereinheit 40 zugeführt, wo das ermittelte Biegemoment mit einem vorgegebenen Grenzdrehmoment für die Schraubverbindung verglichen wird. Beim Erreichen des vorgegebenen Grenzdrehmoments wird ein Signal über die Leitung 41 auf das Schaltelement 34 gegeben, welches über eine Steuerleitung 42 ein elektromagnetisches Steuerventil 43 betätigt, über welches die Druckluftzufuhr über die Leitung 44 zum Druckluftmotor 4 unterbrochen und der Impulsschrauber augenblicklich abgeschaltet wird.The end of the adjusting rod 23 facing the pulse screwdriver 5, on which the compression spring 25 is supported, is not about bores shown in fluid connection with the Cylinder chamber 14 so that the cylinder chamber 14 pressure build-up on the adjusting rod during the screwing process 23 is present, which is correspondingly strongly dependent on the pressure the bending beam 27 is pressed, where the at the front end of the Actuating rod 23 pending pressure or that on the bending beam 27 acting force as a bending moment through the strain gauges 31 is added. These pressure-dependent bending moments are given over the line in the wiring harness 33 and via the switching element 34 of an electronic control unit 40 supplied, where the determined bending moment with a predetermined Limit torque for the screw connection compared becomes. When the specified limit torque is reached given a signal via line 41 to switching element 34, which is an electromagnetic via a control line 42 Control valve 43 actuated, via which the compressed air supply interrupted via line 44 to the compressed air motor 4 and the impulse wrench is switched off immediately.

    Nach dem Abschalten des Druckluftmotors 4 steht die Abtriebswelle 13 augenblicklich still, so daß auch tatsächlich bei dem gewünschten Grenzdrehmoment das Schraubwerkzeug stillgesetzt wird, so daß die anzuziehende Schraube oder Mutter nicht überdreht wird. Nach dem Abschalten erfolgt ein Druckabbau in der Zylinderkammer 14 sowie in der Druckluftkammer 7, so daß die die Abschaltung des Schraubers bewirkende Teile wieder in ihre Ausgangslage zurückgeschoben werden. Der Schrauber ist dann bereit für einen nächsten Schraubgang.After switching off the compressed air motor 4, the output shaft is stopped 13 instantly silent, so that actually at the wrench is stopped at the desired limit torque is so that the screw or nut to be tightened is not overdriven. After switching off there is a Pressure reduction in the cylinder chamber 14 and in the compressed air chamber 7, so that the screwdriver is switched off Parts pushed back into their starting position will. The screwdriver is then ready for another Screw thread.

    Zugleich erfolgt über den Drehwinkelgeber 35, 37 eine Winkelzählung, so daß zur Steigerung der Sicherheit des korrekten Anziehens einer Schraubverbindung das Drehmoment und der Drehwinkel herangezogen werden können. Hierbei können Drehwinkel und Drehmoment zum Abschaltzeitpunkt mit einem durch ein maximales und minimales Drehmoment sowie bestimmten Drehwinkeln vorgegebenem Fenster verglichen werden, wobei die Schaltung ein Lichtsignal in einer bestimmten Farbe oder einen Signalton erzeugt, wenn der Abschaltzeitpunkt in dem derart definierten Fenster liegt.At the same time, an angle count is carried out via the angle encoder 35, 37, so that to increase the security of the correct Tightening a screw connection the torque and the Angle of rotation can be used. Here, angles of rotation and torque at the time of shutdown with a a maximum and minimum torque and certain angles of rotation given window are compared, the Circuit a light signal in a specific color or generates a beep when the switch-off time in the window defined in this way.

    Claims (9)

    1. Hydraulic pulse screwdriver especially for the tightening of screw connections, having a compressed air motor (4), a pulse unit (5) connected downstream from the compressed air motor for the pulsed drive of a driven shaft (13) for the tool and a shut-off device for the torque-dependent interruption of the compressed air supply to the compressed air motor (4), which device has an element (23) mounted in the motor shaft (8) of the compressed air motor and connected in pressure-transmitting manner to the pressurising cylindrical space (14) of the pulse unit (5) through which element a torque-related signal is issued to a shut-off device which on reaching a predetermined threshold value for the torque interrupts the compressed air supply to the compressed air motor (4), characterised in that the element constructed as a control element (23) acts on a transverse beam (27) which is provided with at least one, preferably two, measuring sensors constructed as wire strain gauges (31) for determining a bending moment which is dependent on the pulse pressure in the cylindrical chamber (14) of the pulse unit and which is compared in a preferably electronic control unit (40) with a predetermined torque threshold value, on reaching which the shut-off device is actuated.
    2. Pulse screwdriver according to Claim 1, characterised in that the transverse beam (27) is constructed as a preferably radial leg of a ring (30) which is arranged in fixed manner in the rear housing section (28) of the compressed air motor (4) and through which the transverse beam (27) is fastened in the rear housing section (28).
    3. Pulse screwdriver according to Claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the control element is constructed as a control rod (23) which is arranged in a bore of the driven shaft (13) of the hammer mechanism (5) and a bore (24) axially aligned with the former in the motor shaft (8) of the compressed air motor (4) and with its end on the compressed air motor side acts on the transverse beam (27).
    4. Pulse screwdriver according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the control element (23) acts on the transverse beam (27) through the intermediary of a rolling bearing, especially a rotatably mounted ball (26).
    5. Pulse screwdriver according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that at its end in pressure-transmitting contact with the cylindrical hammer mechanism chamber (14) the control rod (23) is held via a compression spring (25) in play-free contact with the transverse beam (27).
    6. Pulse screwdriver according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that on the motor shaft (8) directly in front of the transverse beam (27) a disk-shaped counting wheel (35) of a rotary angle pick-up for the angle count is arranged, the pin-shaped sensor (37) of which engages through the annular space (38) of the ring (30) accommodating the transverse beam (27).
    7. Pulse screwdriver according to Claim 6, characterised in that the rotary angle pick-up and the transverse beam (27) are accommodated in the rear housing section (28) of the pulse screwdriver through which the signal leads (39) of the transverse beam (27) and of the rotary angle pick-up are led to the electronic control unit (40).
    8. Pulse screwdriver according to one of the preceding claims characterised in that the electronic control unit (40) is arranged directly in the pulse screwdriver or externally.
    9. Pulse screwdriver according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that on both sides of the transverse beam (27) a wire strain gauge is arranged.
    EP95110755A 1994-08-18 1995-07-10 Hydraulic impact screwdriver especially for tightening threaded connection Expired - Lifetime EP0699508B1 (en)

    Applications Claiming Priority (2)

    Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
    DE4429282 1994-08-18
    DE4429282A DE4429282A1 (en) 1994-08-18 1994-08-18 Hydro impulse wrench especially for tightening screw connections

    Publications (2)

    Publication Number Publication Date
    EP0699508A1 EP0699508A1 (en) 1996-03-06
    EP0699508B1 true EP0699508B1 (en) 1998-09-30

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    Family Applications (1)

    Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
    EP95110755A Expired - Lifetime EP0699508B1 (en) 1994-08-18 1995-07-10 Hydraulic impact screwdriver especially for tightening threaded connection

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    US (1) US5567886A (en)
    EP (1) EP0699508B1 (en)
    CA (1) CA2156373C (en)
    DE (2) DE4429282A1 (en)
    ES (1) ES2123866T3 (en)

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    Also Published As

    Publication number Publication date
    DE4429282A1 (en) 1996-02-22
    ES2123866T3 (en) 1999-01-16
    CA2156373C (en) 1998-05-12
    EP0699508A1 (en) 1996-03-06
    CA2156373A1 (en) 1996-02-19
    US5567886A (en) 1996-10-22
    DE59503770D1 (en) 1998-11-05

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