Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
  • C11D1/83—Mixtures of non-ionic with anionic compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
  • C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
  • C11D1/29—Sulfates of polyoxyalkylene ethers
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
  • C11D1/37—Mixtures of compounds all of which are anionic
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
  • C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
  • C11D1/22—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof derived from aromatic compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
  • C11D1/72—Ethers of polyoxyalkylene glycols

Definitions

• the present invention relates to detergent compositions, for use in cleaning processes comprising alkyl alkoxylated sulphates and essentially no alkyl benzene sulphonate.
• alkyl benzene sulphonate particularly linear benzene sulphonate, herein referred to as LAS.
• alkyl benzene sulphonate usually in combination with other anionic or nonionic surfactants has been found to give particularly effective cleaning performance, especially on greasy and oily stains over a wide range of temperatures and conditions.
• anionic surfactant based detergent compositions preferably alkyl sulphate, comprising low levels of LAS.
• GB 1 399966 discloses detergent compositions comprising primary alcohol sulphate (PAS) and nonionic surfactants.
• EP-A 342 917 discloses detergent compositions comprising PAS having a range of chain lengths to improve the cleaning performance at lower temperatures. However, it has been observed that such detergent compositions do not exhibit the same cleaning performance as the corresponding LAS compositions.
• another object of the present invention is to develop a surfactant system which is readily biodegradable.
• anionic surfactant system comprising an alkyl alkoxylated sulphate having an average alkoxylation degree of from 0.1 to 10, having certain ratios of alkyl monoalkoxylated sulphate, alkyl dialkoxylated sulphate and alkyl alkoxylated sulphates with 3 or more alkoxyl groups per alkyl group.
• alkyl alkoxylated sulphates in combination with other surfactants provide excellent cleaning benefits over a wide range of temperatures. Indeed, it has been found that specific combinations of ratios of the alkyl alkoxylated sulphates of the present invention have been found to give superior cleaning performance in comparison with alkyl alkoxylated sulphates having a similar average alkoxylation degree but having different ratios of mono-, di- and trialkoxylated sulphates, which are derived from mixtures of alkyl sulphates and alkyl alkoxylated sulphates.
• An additional advantage of the surfactant system of the present invention is that it exhibits increased solubility over alkyl sulphates, which are the currently preferred substitutes for alkyl benzene sulphonate.
• Another advantage of the surfactant system of the present invention is the excellent wetting properties, which is a highly desirable property in detergent compositions.
• the surfactant system of the present invention is particularly efficient in the removal of sebum, a major constituent of body soils.
• Alkyl ethoxy sulphates have been described in various contexts in the art.
• AES Alkyl ethoxy sulphates
• U.S. patent application number 92 05659 discloses detergent compositions comprising AES with a preferred average ethoxylation of from 0.5 to 2.
• EP-A 4671894 discloses liquid detergent compositions comprising LAS and AES with a preferred average degree of ethoxylation of 0.8 to 2.
• European Patent Application number 907159.3 discloses granular detergent compositions comprising AES with an ethoxylation degree of 1 to 7.
• WO 93/18124 discloses granular detergent compositions comprising alkyl sulphates and alkyl ethoxy sulphates having an average of 1 to 7 ethoxy groups per mole.
• the present invention is a detergent composition
• a detergent composition comprising from 1% to 90% of an anionic surfactant system said system comprising at least 30% of an alkyl alkoxylated sulphate having an average degree of alkoxylation of from 0.1 to 10, characterised in that the ratio of the combined weight of alkyl monoalkoxylated sulphates and alkyl dialkoxylated sulphates to the total weight of anionic surfactant is at least 0.2 to 1 and the ratio of the combined weight of alkyl monoalkoxy sulphates and alkyl diethoxy sulphates to the total weight of alkyl alkoxylated sulphates having 3 or more alkoxy groups per alkyl group is 1 or greater.
• the present invention is a detergent composition
• a detergent composition comprising from 1% to 90% of an anionic surfactant system said system comprising at least 30% of an alkyl alkoxylated sulphate.
• Said surfactant system delivers excellent cleaning performance on greasy and oily soils over a broad temperature range.
• an essential component of the present invention is an alkyl alkoxylated sulphate.
• said alkyl alkoxylated sulphates are represented by the formula R1(C m H 2m O) n SO3M, wherein R1 is a C10-C24, preferably a C12-C18, more preferably a C14-C15 linear or branched hydrocarbyl, m is from 1 to 4, preferably 2 to 4, most preferably 2, n is from 0.1 to 10, most preferably from 1 to 3 and M is an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, alkanol amine or ammonium and mixtures thereof.
• the alkyl alkoxylated sulphates have an average degree of alkoxylation of from 0.1 to 10, preferably from 0.5 to 3, more preferably from 0.5 to 2, most preferably from 0.5 to 1.
• the ratio of the combined weight of alkyl monoalkoxy sulphates and alkyl dialkoxy sulphates to the total weight of anionic surfactant is at least 0.2 to 1, preferably 0.25 to 1, most preferably 0.3 to 1.
• the ratio of the combined weight of alkyl monoalkoxy sulphates and alkyl dialkoxy sulphates to total alkyl alkoxy sulphates having 3 or more alkoxy groups per alkyl group is 1 or greater, preferably 2 to 8, more preferably 4 to 6.
• the present invention comprises more than 30%, preferably more than 50%, more preferably more than 70% of said alkyl alkoxylated sulphates by weight of the total anionic surfactant system.
• the anionic surfactant system may comprise any other anionic surfactants.
• Suitable anionic surfactants include anionic sulphate, sulphonate, carboxylate surfactant or acyl-N-(alkyl) glucamine sulphate.
• the detergent compositions of the present invention comprise from 1% to 90%, preferably from 1 to 70%, most preferably from 5% to 60% of said anionic surfactant system.
• the anionic sulphate surfactant may be any organic sulphate surfactant other than the alkoxylated sulphates of the present invention, preferably a C10-C16 alkyl sulphate.
• the counterion for the anionic sulphate surfactant component is preferably selected from calcium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, ammonium, or alkanol-ammonium, and mixtures thereof.
• Anionic sulphate surfactants suitable for use herein include C9-C17 acyl-N-(C1-C4 alkyl) glucamine sulphates, fatty oleyl glycerol sulphates, alkyl phenol ethylene oxide ether sulphates, N-acyl C6 ⁇ 20 sarcosinates, sulphates of alkylpolysaccharides such as the sulphates of C10 ⁇ 20 alkylpolyglucoside
• Anionic sulphonate surfactants suitable for use herein include, for example, the salts (e.g. alkali metal salts) of C9-C20 linear alkylbenzene sulphonates, C8-C22 primary or secondary alkane sulphonates, C8-C24 olefin sulphonates, sulphonated polycarboxylic acids, alkyl glycerol sulphonates, fatty acyl glycerol sulphonates, fatty oleyl glycerol sulphonates, paraffin sulphonates, and any mixtures thereof.
• the salts e.g. alkali metal salts
• C9-C20 linear alkylbenzene sulphonates C8-C22 primary or secondary alkane sulphonates
• C8-C24 olefin sulphonates C8-C24 olefin sulphonates
• the anionic surfactant system preferably comprises less than 40%, more preferably less than 20%, more preferably less than 10% linear alkyl benzene sulphonate. Most preferably the anionic surfactant system of the present invention is free of alkyl benzene sulphonates.
• Anionic alkyl ethoxy carboxylate surfactant Anionic alkyl ethoxy carboxylate surfactant
• Alkyl ethoxy carboxylates suitable for use herein include those with the formula RO(CH2CH2O)x CH2COO-M+ wherein R is a C12 to C16 alkyl group, x ranges from O to 10, and the ethoxylate distribution is such that, on a weight basis, the amount of material where x is 0 is less than 20%, preferably less than 15%, most preferably less than 10%, and the amount of material where x is greater than 7, is less than 25%, preferably less than 15%, most preferably less than 10%, the average x is from 2 to 4 when the average R is C13 or less, and the average x is from 3 to 6 when the average R is greater than C13, and M is a cation, preferably chosen from alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, ammonium, mono_, di-, and triethanol-ammonium, most preferably from sodium, potassium, ammonium and mixtures thereof with magnesium ions.
• the preferred alkyl ethoxy carboxylates are
• Alkyl polyethoxy polycarboxylate surfactants suitable for use herein include those having the formula: wherein R is a C6 to C18 alkyl group, x is from 1 to 25, R1 and R2 are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl acid radical, succinic acid radical, hydroxysuccinic acid radical, and mixtures thereof, wherein at least one R1 or R2 is a succinic acid radical or hydroxysuccinic acid radical, and R3 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon having between 1 and 8 carbon atoms, and mixtures thereof.
• Secondary soap surfactants (aka “alkyl carboxyl surfactants”) useful herein are those which contain a carboxyl unit connected to a secondary carbon. It is to be understood herein that the secondary carbon can be in a ring structure, e.g. as in p-octyl benzoic acid, or as in alkyl-substituted cyclohexyl carboxylates.
• the secondary soap surfactants should contain no ether linkages, no ester linkages and no hydroxyl groups. There should be no nitrogen atoms in the head-group (amphiphilic portion).
• the secondary soap surfactants usually contain 11-15 total carbon atoms, although slightly more (e.g., up to 16) can be tolerated, e.g. p-octyl benzoic acid.
• the species M can be any suitable, especially water-solubilizing, counterion, e.g., H, alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, ammonium, alkanolammonium, di- and trialkanolammonium, and C1-C5 alkyl substituted ammonium.
• Sodium is convenient, as is diethanolammonium.
• Preferred secondary soap surfactants for use herein are water-soluble members selected from the group consisting of the water-soluble salts of 2-methyl-1-undecanoic acid, 2-ethyl-1-decanoic acid, 2-propyl-1-nonanoic acid, 2-butyl-1-octanoic acid, 2-pentyl-1-heptanoic acid and isopentadecanoic acid.
• anionic surfactants useful for detersive purposes can also be included in the compositions hereof. These can include salts (including, for example, sodium, potassium, ammonium, and substituted ammonium salts such as mono-, di- and triethanolamine salts) of soap, alkyl phosphates, isethionates such as the acyl isethionates, N-acyl taurates, acyl alkyl taurines, fatty acid amides of methyl tauride, alkyl succinates and sulphosuccinates, monoesters of sulphosuccinate (especially saturated and unsaturated C12-C18 monoesters) diesters of sulphosuccinate (especially saturated and unsaturated C6-C14 diesters).
• salts including, for example, sodium, potassium, ammonium, and substituted ammonium salts such as mono-, di- and triethanolamine salts
• alkyl phosphates alkyl phosphates
• Resin acids and hydrogenated resin acids are also suitable, such as rosin, hydrogenated rosin, and resin acids and hydrogenated resin acids present in or derived from tall oil. Further examples are given in "Surface Active Agents and Detergents” (Vol. I and II by Schwartz, Perry and Berch).
• compositions may additionally comprise as optional ingredients from 1% to 20% of other surfactants such cationic, nonionic, zwitterionic and amphoteric surfactants.
• Suitable nonionic detergent surfactants for use herein include nonionic condensates of alkyl phenols, nonionic ethoxylated alcohols, nonionic alkylpolysaccharides and nonionic fatty acid amides. According to the present invention the compositions comprise from 1 % to 20%, preferably from 2% to 15% of said nonionic surfactants.
• polyethylene, polypropylene, and polybutylene oxide condensates of alkyl phenols are suitable for use herein.
• the polyethylene oxide condensates are preferred.
• These compounds include the condensation products of alkyl phenols having an alkyl group containing from about 6 to about 12 carbon atoms in either a straight chain or branched chain configuration with the alkylene oxide.
• the alkyl ethoxylate condensation products of aliphatic alcohols with from about 1 to about 25 moles of ethylene oxide are suitable for use herein.
• the alkyl chain of the aliphatic alcohol can either be straight or branched, primary or secondary, and generally contains from 6 to 22 carbon atoms.
• Particularly preferred are the condensation products of alcohols having an alkyl group containing from 8 to 20 carbon atoms with from about 2 to about 10 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol.
• Most preferred are the condensation products of alcohols having an alkyl group containing from 8 to 14 carbon atoms with from about 6 to about 10 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol.
• nonionic surfactants of this type include TergitolTM 15-S-9 (the condensation product of C11-C15 linear alcohol with 9 moles ethylene oxide), TergitolTM 24-L-6 NMW (the condensation product of C12-C14 primary alcohol with 6 moles ethylene oxide with a narrow molecular weight distribution), both marketed by Union Carbide Corporation; NeodolTM 45-9 (the condensation product of C14-C15 linear alcohol with 9 moles of ethylene oxide), NeodolTM 23-6.5 (the condensation product of C12-C13 linear alcohol with 6.54 moles of ethylene oxide), NeodolTM 45-7 (the condensation product of C14-C15 linear alcohol with 7 moles of ethylene oxide), NeodolTM 45-4 (the condensation product of C14-C15 linear alcohol with 4 moles of ethylene oxide), NeodolTM23-3 (the condensation product of C12-C13 linear alcohol with 3 moles of ethyene oxide) marketed by Shell Chemical Company, KyroTM EOBN (the condensation product of C
• condensation products of ethylene oxide with a hydrophobic base formed by the condensation of propylene oxide with propylene glycol are suitable for use herein.
• examples of compounds of this type include certain of the commercially-available PluronicTM surfactants, marketed by BASF.
• condensation products of ethylene oxide with the product resulting from the reaction of propylene oxide and ethylenediamine are suitable for use herein.
• this type of nonionic surfactant include certain of the commercially available TetronicTM compounds, marketed by BASF.
• Suitable alkylpolysaccharides for use herein are disclosed in U.S. Patent 4,565,647, Llenado, issued January 21, 1986, having a hydrophobic group containing from about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms, preferably from about 10 to about 16 carbon atoms and a polysaccharide, e.g., a polyglycoside, hydrophilic group containing from about 1.3 to about 10, preferably from about 1.3 to about 3, most preferably from about 1.3 to about 2.7 saccharide units.
• Any reducing saccharide containing 5 or 6 carbon atoms can be used, e.g., glucose, galactose and galactosyl moieties can be substituted for the glucosyl moieties.
• the hydrophobic group is attached at the 2-, 3-, 4-, etc. positions thus giving a glucose or galactose as opposed to a glucoside or galactoside.
• the intersaccharide bonds can be, e.g., between the one position of the additional saccharide units and the 2-, 3-, 4-, and/or 6- positions on the preceding saccharide units.
• the preferred alkylpolyglycosides have the formula R2O(C n H 2n O)t(glycosyl) x wherein R2 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkylphenyl, hydroxyalkyl, hydroxyalkylphenyl, and mixtures thereof in which the alkyl groups contain from 10 to 18, preferably from 12 to 14, carbon atoms; n is 2 or 3, x is from 0 to 10 preferably from about 1.3 to about 3, most preferably from about 1.3 to about 2.7 and t is from 0 to 10.
• the glycosyl is preferably derived from glucose.
• Nonionic fatty acid amide surfactant Nonionic fatty acid amide surfactant
• Fatty acid amide surfactants suitable for use herein are those having the formula: wherein R1 is H or a C1-C4 hydrocarbyl, 2-hydroxy ethyl, 2-hydroxy propyl and R2 is a C5-C31 hydrocarbyl and Z is a polyhydroxyhydrocarbyl having a linear hydrocarbyl chain with at least 3 hydroxy groups directly connected to the chain or an alkoxylated derivative thereof.
• R is a methyl
• R is a straight chain C11-C15 alkyl or alkenyl such as cocnut alkyl or mixtures thereof
• Z is derived from a reducing sugar such as glucose, fructose, maltose, lactose in a reductive amination reaction
• polyhydroxy fatty acid amides suitable for use herein are gemini polyhydroxy fatty acid amides having the formula: wherein: X is a bridging group having from about 2 to about 200 atoms; Z and Z' are the same or different alcohol-containing moieties having two or more hydroxyl groups (e.g., glycerol, and units derived from reducing sugars such as glucose, maltose and the like), or either one (but not both) of Z or Z' is hydrogen; and R and R' are the same or different hydrocarbyl moieties having from about 1 to about 21 carbon atoms and can be saturated, branched or unsaturated (e.g., oleoyl) and mixtures thereof.
• X is a bridging group having from about 2 to about 200 atoms
• Z and Z' are the same or different alcohol-containing moieties having two or more hydroxyl groups (e.g., glycerol, and units derived from reducing sugars such as glucose, malto
• Preferred X groups are selected from substituted or unsubstituted, branched or linear alkyl, ether alkyl, amino alkyl, or amido alkyl moieties having from about 2 to about 15 carbon atoms.
• Preferred alkyl moieties are unsubstituted, linear alkyl moieties having the formula -(CH2) n -, wherein n is an integer from 2 to about 15, preferably from 2 to about 10, and most preferably from 2 to about 6; and also unsubstituted, branched alkyl moieties having from 3 to about 15 carbon atoms, preferably from 3 to about 10 carbon atoms, and most preferably from 3 to about 6 carbon atoms.
• ethylene and propylene (branched or linear) alkyl moieties are ethylene and propylene (branched or linear) alkyl moieties.
• unsubstituted, branched or linear ether alkyl moieties having the formula -R2-(O-R2) m -, wherein each R2 is independently selected from C2-C8 branched or linear alkyl and/or aryl moieties (preferably ethyl, propyl or combinations thereof) and m is an integer from 1 to about 5.
• X may also be unsubstituted, branched or linear amino and/or amido alkyl moieties having the formula -R2-(N(R3)-R2) m -, wherein each R2 is independently selected from C2-C8 branched or linear alkyl and/or aryl moieties (preferably ethyl, propyl or combinations thereof), m is an integer from 1 to about 5, and R3 is selected from hydrogen, C1-C5 alkyl, and -C(O)R4-, wherein R4 is C1-C21 alkyl, including -C(O)R.
• the X moiety may be derived from commercially available amine compounds such as, for example, Jeffamines R (supplied by Texaco) such as JED600, JEDR148, JEDR192, JED230, JED2000, J-D230 and J-D400.
• Jeffamines R supplied by Texaco
• Preferred X moieties therefore include: -(CH2)2-, -(CH2)3-, -(CH2)4-, -(CH2)5-, -(CH2)6-, -CH2CH(CH3)(CH2)3-, -(CH2)2-O-(CH2)2-, -(CH2)3-O-(CH2)3-, -(CH2)2-O-(CH2)3-, -(CH2)2-O-(CH2)2-O-(CH2)2-, -(CH2)3-O-(CH2)2-O-(CH2)3-, -(CH2)2-O-(CH2)3-O-(CH2)2-, -(CH2)2-NH-(CH2)2-, -(CH2)3-NH-(CH2)3-, -(CH2)2-NH-(CH2)3-, -(CH2)2-N(C(O)R)-(CH2)2-, -(CH2)3-N(C(O)R)-(CH2)3-, -(CH2)
• Preferred Z and Z' groups are independently selected from polyhydroxyhydrocarbyl moieties having a linear hydrocarbyl chain with at least 2 hydroxyls (in the case of glycerol) or at least 3 hydroxyls (in the case of other sugars) directly connected to the chain, or an alkoxylated derivative (preferably ethoxylated or propoxylated) thereof.
• Z and Z' preferably will be derived from a reducing sugar, more preferably Z and/or Z' is a glycityl moiety.
• Suitable reducing sugars include glucose, fructose, maltose, lactose, galactose, mannose, and xylose, as well as glyceraldehyde.
• high dextrose corn syrup high fructose corn syrup, and high maltose corn syrup can be utilized as well as the individual sugars listed above. These corn syrups may yield a mix of sugar components for Z and Z'. It should be understood that it is by no means intended to exclude other suitable raw materials.
• Z and/or Z' preferably will be selected from the group consisting of -CH2-(CHOH)- p -CH2OH, -CH(CH-OH)-(CHOH) p-1 -CH2OH, -CH2-(CHOH)2(CHOR1)(CHOH)-CH2OH, where p is an integer from 1 to 5, inclusive, and R1 is H or a cyclic mono- or polysaccharide, and alkoxylated derivatives thereof. Most preferred are glycityls wherein p is 4, particularly - CH2-(CHOH)4-CH2OH.
• R and R' groups are independently selected from C3-C21 hydrocarbyl moieties, preferably straight or branched chain C3-C13 alkyl or alkenyl, more preferably straight chain C5-C11 alkyl or alkenyl, most preferably straight chain C5-C9 alkyl or alkenyl, or mixtures thereof.
• R-CO-N ⁇ and/or R'-CO-N ⁇ can be, for example, cocamide, stearamide, oleamide, lauramide, myristamide, capricamide, palmitamide, tallowamide, etc.
• Examples of such compounds therefore include, but are not limited to: CH3(CH2)6C(O)N[CH2(CHOH)4CH2OH]-(CH2)2-[CH2(CHOH)4CH2OH]NC(O)(CH2)6CH3; CH3(CH2)8C(O)N[CH2(CHOH)4CH2OH]-(CH2)2-[CH2(CHOH)4CH2OH]NC(O)(CH2)8CH3; CH3(CH2)10C(O)N[CH2(CHOH)4CH2OH]-(CH2)2-O-(CH2)2-O-(CH2)2-O-(CH2)2-[CH2(CHOH)4CH2OH]NC(O)(CH2)8CH3; CH3(CH2)8C(O)N[CH2(CHOH)4CH2OH]-(CH2)2-O-(CH2)2-O-(CH2)2-[CH2(CHOH)4CH2OH]NC(O)(CH2)8CH3; CH3(CH2)8C
• Suitable amphoteric surfactants for use herein include the alkyl amphocarboxylic acids of the formula: wherein R is a C8-C18 alkyl group, and R i is of the general formula: wherein R1 is a (CH2) x COOM or CH2CH2OH, and x is 1 or 2 and M is preferably chosen from alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, ammonium, mono-, di-, and tri-ethanolammonium, most preferably from sodium, potassium, ammonium and mixtures thereof with magnesium ions.
• the preferred R alkyl chain length is a C10 to C14 alkyl group.
• a preferred amphocarboxylic acid is produced from fatty imidazolines wherein the dicarboxylic acid functionality of the amphodicarboxylic acid is diacetic acid and/or dipropionic acid.
• amine oxides useful as amphoteric surfactants may be used herein.
• Such optional but highly preferred amine oxides suitable for use have the formula: wherein R6 is selected from an alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, acylamidopropoyl and alkyl phenyl group, or mixtures thereof, containing from 6 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably 12 to 14 carbon atoms; and R7 and R8 are independently C1 ⁇ 3 alkyl or C2 ⁇ 3 hydyroxyalkyl groups, or a polyethylene oxide group containing from 1 to 3, preferable 1, ethylene oxide groups.
• amine oxide surfactants in particular include C10-C14 alkyl dimethyl amine oxides and C6-C12 alkoxy ethyl dihydroxyethyl amine oxides.
• examples of such materials include dimethyloctylamine oxide, diethyldecylamine oxide, bis-(2-hydroxyethyl)dodecylamine oxide, dimethyldodecylamine oxide, dipropyltetradecylamine oxide and dodecylamidopropyl dimethylamine oxide.
• Preferred are C12-C14 alkyl dimethylamine oxides and mixtures thereof.
• Zwitterionic surfactants can also be incorporated into the detergent compositions herein.
• compositions may thus comprise betaines.
• betaines useful as zwitterionic surfactants are those compounds having the formula R(R1)2N+R2COO- wherein R is a C6-C18 hydrocarbyl group, preferably a C10-C16 alkyl group or C10 ⁇ 16 acylamido alkyl group, each R1 is typically C1-C3 alkyl, preferably methyl, and R2 is a C1-C5 hydrocarbyl group, preferably a C1-C3 alkylene group, more preferably a C1-C2 alkylene group.
• betaines examples include coconut acylamidopropyldimethyl betaine; hexadecyl dimethyl betaine; C12-14 acylamidopropylbetaine; C8 ⁇ 14 acylamidohexyldiethyl betaine; 4[C14 ⁇ 16 acylmethylamidodiethylammonio]-1-carboxybutane; C16 ⁇ 18 acylamidodimethylbetaine; C12 ⁇ 16 acylamidopentanediethylbetaine;[C12 ⁇ 16 acylmethylamidodimethylbetaine.
• Preferred betaines are C12 ⁇ 18 dimethyl-ammonio hexanoate and the C10 ⁇ 18 acylamidopropane (or ethane) dimethyl (or diethyl) betaines.
• R is a hydrocarbon group having from 7 to 22 carbon atoms, preferably 12 to 14 carbon atoms
• A is the group (C(O))
• n is 0 or 1
• R1 is hydrogen or a lower alkyl group
• x is 2 or 3
• y is an integer of 0 to 4
• Q is the group -R2COOM wherein R2 is an alkylene group having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms and M is hydrogen or an ion from the groups alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, ammonium and substituted ammonium
• B is hydrogen or a group Q as defined.
• the composition may comprise from 0% to 10%, preferably from 0% to 5% of said betaines.
• the sultaines useful in the present invention are those compounds having the formula (R(R1)2N+R2SO3- wherein R is a C6-C18 hydrocarbyl group, preferably a C10-C16 alkyl group, more preferably a C12-C13 alkyl group, each R1 is typically C1-C3 alkyl, preferably methyl, and R2 is a C1-C6 hydrocarbyl group, preferably a C1-C3 alkylene or, preferably, hydroxyalkylene group.
• R is a C6-C18 hydrocarbyl group, preferably a C10-C16 alkyl group, more preferably a C12-C13 alkyl group, each R1 is typically C1-C3 alkyl, preferably methyl, and R2 is a C1-C6 hydrocarbyl group, preferably a C1-C3 alkylene or, preferably, hydroxyalkylene group.
• the zwitterionics herein above
• Cationic detersive surfactants suitable for use herein are those having one long chain hydrocarbyl group.
• cationic surfactants include the ammonium surfactants such as alkyldimethylammonium halogenides and surfactants having the formula: [R2(OR3) y ][R4(OR3) y ]2R5N+X ⁇ wherein R2 is an alkyl or alkyl benzyl group having from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain, each R3 is selected from the group consisting of CH2CH2-, -CH2CH(CH3)-, -CH2CH(CH2OH)-, - CH2CH2CH2-, and mixtures thereof; each R4 is selcted from the group consisting of C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 hydroxyalkyl, benzyl ring structures formed by joining the two R4 groups, -CH2CHOH-CHOHCOR6CHOHCH2OH wherein R6 is any he
• Preferred cationic surfactants are the water soluble quaternary amonium compounds useful in the present composition have the formula: R1R2R3R4N+X ⁇ wherein R1 is a C8-C16 alkyl, each of R2, R3 and R4 is independently C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 hydroxy alkyl, benzyl and (C2H4O) x H where x has a value of from 1 to 5 and X is an anion. Not more than one of the R2, R3 or R4 should be benzyl.
• the preferred alkyl chain length for R1 is from C12-C15, particularly where the alkyl group is a mixture of chain lengths derived from coconut or palm kernel fat or is derived from synthetically by olefin build up or OXO alcohols synthesis.
• Preferred groups for the R2R3 and R4 are methyl and hydroxyethyl groups and the anion X may be selected from halide, methosulphate, acetate and phosphate ions.
• Suitable quaternary ammonium compounds for use herein are: coconut trimethyl ammonium chloride or bromide; coconut methyl dihydroxyethyl ammonium chloride or bromide; decyl trimethyl ammonium chloride; decyl dimethyl hydroxyethyl ammonium chloride or bromide; C12-C15 dimethyl hydroxyethyl ammonium chloride or broimde; coconut dimethyl hydroxyethyl ammonium chloride or bromide; myristyl trimethyl ammonium methyl sulphate; lauryl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride or bromide; lauryl dimethyl (ethoxy)4 ammonium chloride or bromide and choline esters.
• cationic surfactants useful herein are also described in U.S. patent 4 228 044.
• the laundry detergent compositions of the present invention typically comprise from 0.5% to about 5% by weight of said cationic surfactants.
• compositions may also comprise optional ingredients such as builders, antiredeposition agents, polymeric soil release agents, chelating agents, dispersing agents and suds supressors or enhancers.
• detergent composition of the present invention comprises from 15% to 50% of a detergent adjunct selected from builders, chelants and mixtures thereof.
• Detergent builders can optionally be included in the compositions herein to assist in controlling mineral hardness. Inorganic as well as organic builders can be used. Builders are typically used in fabric laundering compositions to assist in the removal of particulate soils.
• the level of builder can vary widely depending upon the end use of the composition and its desired physical form.
• the compositions will typically comprise at least about 1% builder.
• Liquid formulations typically comprise from about 5% to about 50%, more typically about 5% to about 30%, by weight, of detergent builder.
• Granular formulations typically comprise from about 10% to about 80%, more typically from about 15% to about 50% by weight, of the detergent builder.
• Lower or higher levels of builder are not meant to be excluded.
• Inorganic or P-containing detergent builders include, but are not limited to, the alkali metal, ammonium and alkanolammonium salts of polyphosphates (exemplified by the tripolyphosphates, pyrophosphates, and glassy polymeric meta-phosphates), phosphonates, phytic acid, silicates, carbonates (including bicarbonates and sesquicarbonates), sulphates, and aluminosilicates.
• non-phosphate builders are required in some locales.
• compositions herein function surprisingly well even in the presence of the so-called “weak” builders (as compared with phosphates) such as citrate, or in the so-called “underbuilt” situation that may occur with zeolite or layered silicate builders.
• silicate builders are the alkali metal silicates, particularly those having a SiO2:Na2O ratio in the range 1.6:1 to 3.2:1 and layered silicates, such as the layered sodium silicates described in U.S. Patent 4,664,839, issued May 12, 1987 to H. P. Rieck.
• NaSKS-6 is the trademark for a crystalline layered silicate marketed by Hoechst (commonly abbreviated herein as "SKS-6").
• Hoechst commonly abbreviated herein as "SKS-6”
• the Na SKS-6 silicate builder does not contain aluminum.
• NaSKS-6 has the delta-Na2Si2O5 morphology form of layered silicate.
• SKS-6 is a highly preferred layered silicate for use herein, but other such layered silicates, such as those having the general formula NaMSi x O 2x+1 ⁇ yH2O wherein M is sodium or hydrogen, x is a number from 1.9 to 4, preferably 2, and y is a number from 0 to 20, preferably 0 can be used herein.
• Various other layered silicates from Hoechst include NaSKS-5, NaSKS-7 and NaSKS-11, as the alpha, beta and gamma forms.
• delta-Na2Si2O5 (NaSKS-6 form) is most preferred for use herein.
• Other silicates may also be useful such as for example magnesium silicate, which can serve as a crispening agent in granular formulations, as a stabilizing agent for oxygen bleaches, and as a component of suds control systems.
• carbonate builders are the alkaline earth and alkali metal carbonates as disclosed in German Patent Application No. 2,321,001 published on November 15, 1973.
• Aluminosilicate builders are useful in the present invention.
• Aluminosilicate builders are of great importance in most currently marketed heavy duty granular detergent compositions, and can also be a significant builder ingredient in liquid detergent formulations.
• Aluminosilicate builders include those having the empirical formula: M z (zAlO2) y ] ⁇ xH2O wherein z and y are integers of at least 6, the molar ratio of z to y is in the range from 1.0 to about 0.5, and x is an integer from about 15 to about 264.
• aluminosilicate ion exchange materials are commercially available. These aluminosilicates can be crystalline or amorphous in structure and can be naturally-occurring aluminosilicates or synthetically derived. A method for producing aluminosilicate ion exchange materials is disclosed in U.S. Patent 3,985,669, Krummel, et al, issued October 12, 1976. Preferred synthetic crystalline aluminosilicate ion exchange materials useful herein are available under the designations Zeolite A, Zeolite P (B), Zeolite MAP and Zeolite X.
• the crystalline aluminosilicate ion exchange material has the formula: Na12[(AlO2)12(SiO2)12] ⁇ xH2O wherein x is from about 20 to about 30, especially about 27.
• This material is known as Zeolite A.
• the aluminosilicate has a particle size of about 0.1-10 microns in diameter.
• Organic detergent builders suitable for the purposes of the present invention include, but are not restricted to, a wide variety of polycarboxylate compounds.
• polycarboxylate refers to compounds having a plurality of carboxylate groups, preferably at least 3 carboxylates.
• Polycarboxylate builder can generally be added to the composition in acid form, but can also be added in the form of a neutralized salt. When utilized in salt form, alkali metals, such as sodium, potassium, and lithium, or alkanolammonium salts are preferred.
• polycarboxylate builders include a variety of categories of useful materials.
• One important category of polycarboxylate builders encompasses the ether polycarboxylates, including oxydisuccinate, as disclosed in Berg, U.S. Patent 3,128,287, issued April 7, 1964, and Lamberti et al, U.S. Patent 3,635,830, issued January 18, 1972. See also "TMS/TDS" builders of U.S. Patent 4,663,071, issued to Bush et al, on May 5, 1987.
• Suitable ether polycarboxylates also include cyclic compounds, particularly alicyclic compounds, such as those described in U.S. Patents 3,923,679; 3,835,163; 4,158,635; 4,120,874 and 4,102,903.
• ether hydroxypolycarboxylates copolymers of maleic anhydride with ethylene or vinyl methyl ether, 1, 3, 5-trihydroxy benzene-2, 4, 6-trisulphonic acid, and carboxymethyloxysuccinic acid
• various alkali metal, ammonium and substituted ammonium salts of polyacetic acids such as ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid and nitrilotriacetic acid
• polycarboxylates such as mellitic acid, succinic acid, oxydisuccinic acid, polymaleic acid, benzene 1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid, carboxymethyloxysuccinic acid, and soluble salts thereof.
• Citrate builders e.g., citric acid and soluble salts thereof (particularly sodium salt), are polycarboxylate builders of particular importance for heavy duty liquid detergent formulations due to their availability from renewable resources and their biodegradability. Citrates can also be used in granular compositions, especially in combination with aeolite and/or layered silicate builders. Oxydisuccinates are also especially useful in such compositions and combinations.
• succinic acid builders include the C5-C20 alkyl and alkenyl succinic acids and salts thereof.
• a particularly preferred compound of this type is dodecenylsuccinic acid.
• succinate builders include: laurylsuccinate, myristylsuccinate, palmitylsuccinate, 2-dodecenylsuccinate (preferred), 2-pentadecenylsuccinate, and the like. Laurylsuccinates are the preferred builders of this group, and are described in European Patent Application 86200690.5/0,200,263, published November 5, 1986.
• Fatty acids e.g., C12-C18 monocarboxylic acids
• the aforesaid builders especially citrate and/or the succinate builders, to provide additional builder activity.
• Such use of fatty acids will generally result in a diminution of sudsing, which should be taken into account by the formulator.
• the various alkali metal phosphates such as the well-known sodium tripolyphosphates, sodium pyrophosphate and sodium orthophosphate can be used.
• Phosphonate builders such as ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonate and other known phosphonates (see, for example, U.S. Patents 3,159,581; 3,213,030; 3,422,021; 3,400,148 and 3,422,137) can also be used.
• compositions of the present invention may optionally contain one or more chelating agents selected from the group consisting of amino carboxylates, amino phosphonates, polyfunctionally-subsituted aromatic chelating agents and mixtures thereof. It is believed that the benefit of these materials is due in part to their exceptional ability to remove iron and manganese ions from washing solutions by the formation of soluble chelates.
• Amino carboxylates useful as chelating agents include ethylenediaminetetraacetates, N-hydroxyethylenediaminetriacetates, nitriloacetates, ethylenediamine tetraproprionates, triethylenetetraaminehexaacetates, diethylenetriaminepentaacetates and ethanoldiglycines, alkali metal ammonium and substitute ammonium salts therein and mixtures therein.
• Amino phosphonates are also suitable for use as chelating agents in the compositions of the present invention, preferably in the presence of low levels of total phosphorus in the detergent compositions.
• Suitable phosphonates include ethylenediaminetetrakis (methylenephosphonates), nitrilotris (methylenephosphonates) and diethylenetriaminepentakis (methylenephosphonates) as DEQUEST ("DTPMP").
• DEQUEST diethylenetriaminepentakis
• these amino phosphonates do not contain alkyl or alkenyl groups with more than about 6 carbon atoms.
• HEDP, 1-hydroxyethane diphosphonate is also suitable and preferably combined with aminophosphonates or amino carboxylates for use herein.
• Polyfunctionally-subsituted aromatic chelating agents are also useful in the compositions herein. See U.S. patent 3 812 044.
• Preferred compounds of this type in acid form are dihydroxydisuphobenzenes such as 1,2-dihydroxy-3,5-disulphobenzene.
• a preferred biodegradable chelator for use herein is ethylenediamine disuccinate ("EDDS") especially the s,s form as described in U.S. patent 4 704 233.
• EDDS ethylenediamine disuccinate
• the detergent compositions may comprise a polymeric soil release agent.
• Polymeric soil release agents are characterised by having a hydrophobic and hydrophilic segments.
• Polymeric soil release agents for use herein have
• polyoxyethylene segments of (a)(i) have a degree of polymerisation of 2 to 200, preferably 3 to 150, most preferably 6 to 100.
• Suitable oxy C4-C6 alkylene hydrophobe segments include end caps of polymeric soil release agents such as MO3S(CH) n OCH2CH2O-, where M is sodium and n is an integer from 4 to 6.
• Soil release agents characterised by poly(vinyl ester) hydrophobe segments include graft copolymers of poly(vinyl ester), e.g. C1-C6 vinyl esters, preferably polyvinyl acetate) grafted onto polyalkylene oxide backbones, such as polyethylene oxide backbones.
• poly(vinyl ester) e.g. C1-C6 vinyl esters, preferably polyvinyl acetate
• polyalkylene oxide backbones such as polyethylene oxide backbones.
• Polymeric dispersing agents are suitable optional ingredients in the detergent compositions of the present invention. Suitable polymeric dispersing agents include for example polymeric polycarboxylates and polyethylene glycols. It is believed that the polymeric dispersing agents enhance overall detergent builder performance when used in combination with other builders by crystal growth inhibition, particulate soil release peptitization and anti-redeposition.
• Polymeric polycarboxylate materials can be prepared by polymerising or copolymerising suitable unsaturated monomers, preferably in their acid form.
• Unsaturated monomeric acids that can be polymerised to form suitable polymeric polycarboxylates include acrylic acid aconitic acid, mesaconic acid, citraconic acid and methylenemalonic acid.
• the presence in the polymeric polycarboxylates herein of monomeric segments containing no carboxylate radicals such as vinylmethyl ether styrene, ethylene etc. is suitable provided that such segments do not constitute more than about 40% by weight.
• Particularly suitable polymeric polycarboxylates can be derived from acrylic acid.
• acrylic acid-based polymers which are useful herein are the water soluble salts of polymerised acrylic acid.
• the average molecular weight of such polymers in the acid form preferably ranges from about 2000 to 10 000, more preferably from about 4000 to 7000 and most preferably from about 4000 to 5000.
• Water soluble salts of such acrylic acid polymers can include for example the alkali metal, ammonium and substituted ammonium salts.
• Use of polyacrylates of this type in detergent compositions has been described for example in U.S. patent 3 308 067.
• Acrylic maleic based copolymers may also be used as a preferred component of the dispersing/antiredeposition agent.
• Such materials include the water soluble salts of copolymers of acrylic acid and maleic acid.
• the average molecular weight of such copolymers in the acid form preferably ranges from about 2000 to 100 000, more preferably from 5000 to 75 000, most preferably from 7000 to 70 000.
• the ratio of acrylate to maleate segments in such copolymers will generally range from about 10:1 to 2:1.
• water soluble salts such of such acrylic acid/maleic acid copolymers can include for example the alkali metal, ammonium, and substituted ammonium salts. Suitable acrylate/maleate copolymers of this type are known materials described in European Patent Application Number 66915.
• PEG polyethylene glycol
• PEG can exhibit dispersing agent performance as well as act as a clay soil removal/antireposition agent.
• Typical molecular weight ranges for these purposes range from about 500 to 100 000, preferably from about 1000 to 50 000, more preferably from about 1500 to 10 000.
• Polyaspartate and polyglutamate dispersing agents may also be used especially in conjunction with zeolite builders.
• compositions of the present invention Compounds for reducing or suppressing the formation of suds can be incorporated into the compositions of the present invention. Suds suppression can be of particular importance in the so-called "high concentration cleaning process" and in front-loading European-style washing machines.
• suds suppressors A wide variety of materials may be used as suds suppressors, and suds suppressors are well known to those skilled in the art. See, for example, Kirk Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, Third Edition, Volume 7, pages 430-447 (John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1979).
• One category of suds suppressor of particular interest encompasses monocarboxylic fatty acid and soluble salts therein. See U.S. Patent 2,954,347, issued September 27, 1960 to Wayne St. John.
• the monocarboxylic fatty acids and salts thereof used as suds suppressor typically have hydrocarbyl chains of 10 to about 24 carbon atoms, preferably 12 to 18 carbon atoms.
• Suitable salts include the alkali metal salts such as sodium, potassium, and lithium salts, and ammonium and alkanolammonium salts.
• the detergent compositions herein may also contain non-surfactant suds suppressors.
• non-surfactant suds suppressors include, for example: high molecular weight hydrocarbons such as paraffin, fatty acid esters (e.g., fatty acid triglycerides), fatty acid esters of monovalent alcohols, aliphatic C18-C40 ketones (e.g., stearone), etc.
• suds inhibitors include N-alkylated amino triazines such as tri- to hexa-alkylmelamines or di- to tetraalkyldiamine chlortriazines formed as products of cyanuric chloride with two or three moles of a primary or secondary amine containing 1 to 24 carbon atoms, propylene oxide, and monostearyl phosphates such as monostearyl alcohol phosphate ester and monostearyl di-alkali metal (e.g., K, Na, and Li) phosphates and phosphate esters.
• the hydrocarbons such as paraffin and haloparaffin can be utilized in liquid form.
• the liquid hydrocarbons will be liquid at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, and will have a pour point in the range of about -40°C and about 50°C, and a minimum boiling point not less than about 110°C (atmospheric pressure). It is also known to utilize waxy hydrocarbons, preferably having a melting point below about 100°C.
• the hydrocarbons constitute a preferred category of suds suppressor for detergent compositions. Hydrocarbon suds suppressors are described, for example, in U.S. Patent 4,265,779, issued May 5, 1981 to Gandolfo et al.
• the hydrocarbons thus, include aliphatic, alicyclic, aromatic, and heterocyclic saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbons having from about 12 to about 70 carbon atoms.
• the term "paraffin,” as used in this suds suppressor discussion, is intended to include mixtures of true paraffins and cyclic hydrocarbons.
• Non-surfactant suds suppressors comprises silicone suds suppressors.
• This category includes the use of polyorganosiloxane oils, such as polydimethylsiloxane, dispersions or emulsions of polyorganosiloxane oils or resins, and combinations of polyorganosiloxane with silica particles wherein the polyorganosiloxane is chemisorbed or fused onto the silica.
• Silicone suds suppressors are well known in the art and are, for example, disclosed in U.S. Patent 4,265,779, issued May 5, 1981 to Gandolfo et al and European Patent Application No. 89307851.9, published February 7, 1990, by Starch, M. S.
• silicone and silanated silica are described, for instance, in German Patent Application DOS 2,124,526.
• Silicone defoamers and suds controlling agents in granular detergent compositions are disclosed in U.S. Patent 3,933,672, Bartolotta et al, and in U.S. Patent 4,652,392, Baginski et al, issued March 24, 1987.
• An exemplary silicone based suds suppressor for use herein is a suds suppressing amount of a suds controlling agent consisting essentially of:
• the solvent for a continuous phase is made up of certain polyethylene glycols or polyethylene-polypropylene glycol copolymers or mixtures thereof (preferred), or polypropylene glycol.
• the primary silicone suds suppressor is branched/crosslinked and preferably not linear.
• typical liquid laundry detergent compositions with controlled suds will optionally comprise from about 0.001 to about 1, preferably from about 0.01 to about 0.7, most preferably from about 0.05 to about 0.5, weight % of said silicone suds suppressor, which comprises (1) a nonaqueous emulsion of a primary antifoam agent which is a mixture of (a) a polyorganosiloxane, (b) a resinous siloxane or a silicone resin-producing silicone compound, (c) a finely divided filler material, and (d) a catalyst to promote the reaction of mixture components (a), (b) and (c), to form silanolates; (2) at least one nonionic silicone surfactant; and (3) polyethylene glycol or a copolymer of polyethylenepolypropylene glycol having a solubility in water at room temperature of more than about 2 weight %; and without polypropylene glycol.
• a primary antifoam agent which is a mixture of (a) a polyorganosilox
• the silicone suds suppressor herein preferably comprises polyethylene glycol and a copolymer of polyethylene glycol/polypropylene glycol, all having an average molecular weight of less than about 1,000, preferably between about 100 and 800.
• the polyethylene glycol and polyethylene/polypropylene copolymers herein have a solubility in water at room temperature of more than about 2 weight %, preferably more than about 5 weight %.
• the preferred solvent herein is polyethylene glycol having an average molecular weight of less than about 1,000, more preferably between about 100 and 800, most preferably between 200 and 400, and a copolymer of polyethylene glycol/polypropylene glycol, preferably PPG 200/PEG 300.
• Preferred is a weight ratio of between about 1:1 and 1:10, most preferably between 1:3 and 1:6, of polyethylene glycol:copolymer of polyethylene-polypropylene glycol.
• the preferred silicone suds suppressors used herein do not contain polypropylene glycol, particularly of 4,000 molecular weight. They also preferably do not contain block copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, like PLURONIC L101.
• suds suppressors useful herein comprise the secondary alcohols (e.g., 2-alkyl alkanols) and mixtures of such alcohols with silicone oils, such as the silicones disclosed in U.S. 4,798,679, 4,075,118 and EP 150,872.
• the secondary alcohols include the C6-C16 alkyl alcohols having a C1-C16 chain.
• a preferred alcohol is 2-butyl octanol, which is available from Condea under the trademark ISOFOL 12.
• Mixtures of secondary alcohols are available under the trademark ISALCHEM 123 from Enichem.
• Mixed suds suppressors typically comprise mixtures of alcohol + silicone at a weight ratio of 1:5 to 5:1.
• Suds suppressors when utilized, are preferably present in a "suds suppressing amount".
• Suds suppressing amount is meant that the formulator of the composition can select an amount of this suds controlling agent that will sufficiently control the suds to result in a low-sudsing laundry detergent for use in automatic laundry washing machines.
• compositions herein will generally comprise from 0% to about 5% of suds suppressor.
• monocarboxylic fatty acids, and salts therein will be present typically in amounts up to about 5%, by weight, of the detergent composition.
• from about 0.5% to about 3% of fatty monocarboxylate suds suppressor is utilized.
• Silicone suds suppressors are typically utilized in amounts up to about 2.0%, by weight, of the detergent composition, although higher amounts may be used. This upper limit is practical in nature, due primarily to concern with keeping costs minimized and effectiveness of lower amounts for effectively controlling sudsing.
• from about 0.01% to about 1% of silicone suds suppressor is used, more preferably from about 0.25% to about 0.5%.
• these weight percentage values include any silica that may be utilized in combination with polyorganosiloxane, as well as any adjunct materials that may be utilized.
• Monostearyl phosphate suds suppressors are generally utilized in amounts ranging from about 0.1% to about 2%, by weight, of the composition.
• Hydrocarbon suds suppressors are typically utilized in amounts ranging from about 0.01% to about 5.0%, although higher levels can be used.
• the alcohol suds suppressors are typically used at 0.2%-3% by weight of the finished compositions.
• the detergent compositions herein may optionally contain bleaching agents or bleaching compositions containing a bleaching agent and one or more bleach activators.
• bleaching agents will typically be at levels of from about 1% to about 30%, more typically from about 5% to about 20%, of the detergent composition, especially for fabric laundering.
• the amount of bleach activators will typically be from about 0.1% to about 60%, more typically from about 0.5% to about 40% of the bleaching composition comprising the bleaching agent-plus-bleach activator.
• the bleaching agents used herein can be any of the bleaching agents useful for detergent compositions in textile cleaning, hard surface cleaning, or other cleaning purposes that are now known or become known. These include oxygen bleaches as well as other bleaching agents.
• Perborate bleaches e.g., sodium perborate (e.g., mono- or tetra-hydrate) can be used herein.
• bleaching agent that can be used without restriction encompasses percarboxylic acid bleaching agents and salts thereof. Suitable examples of this class of agents include magnesium monoperoxyphthalate hexahydrate, the magnesium salt of metachloro perbenzoic acid, 4-nonylamino-4-oxoperoxybutyric acid and diperoxydodecanedioic acid.
• Such bleaching agents are disclosed in U.S. Patent 4,483,781, Hartman, issued November 20, 1984, U.S. Patent Application 740,446, Burns et al, filed June 3, 1985, European Patent Application 0,133,354, Banks et al, published February 20, 1985, and U.S. Patent 4,412,934, Chung et al, issued November 1, 1983.
• Highly preferred bleaching agents also include 6-nonylamino-6-oxoperoxycaproic acid as described in U.S. Patent 4,634,551, issued January 6, 1987 to Burns et al.
• Peroxygen bleaching agents can also be used. Suitable peroxygen bleaching compounds include sodium carbonate peroxyhydrate and equivalent "percarbonate” bleaches, sodium pyrophosphate peroxyhydrate, urea peroxyhydrate, and sodium peroxide. Persulfate bleach (e.g., OXONE, manufactured commercially by DuPont) can also be used.
• a preferred percarbonate bleach comprises dry particles having an average particle size in the range from about 500 micrometers to about 1,000 micrometers, not more than about 10% by weight of said particles being smaller than about 200 micrometers and not more than about 10% by weight of said particles being larger than about 1,250 micrometers.
• the percarbonate can be coated with silicate, borate or water-soluble surfactants.
• Percarbonate is available from various commercial sources such as FMC, Solvay and Tokai Denka.
• bleaching agents can also be used.
• Peroxygen bleaching agents, the perborates, the percarbonates, etc. are preferably combined with bleach activators, which lead to the in situ production in aqueous solution (i.e., during the washing process) of the peroxy acid corresponding to the bleach activator.
• bleach activators Various nonlimiting examples of activators are disclosed in U.S. Patent 4,915,854, issued April 10, 1990 to Mao et al, and U.S. Patent 4,412,934.
• NOBS nonanoyloxybenzene sulfonate
• TAED tetraacetyl ethylene diamine
• amido-derived bleach activators are those of the formulae: R1N(R5)C(O)R2C(O)L or R1C(O)N(R5)R2C(O)L wherein R1 is an alkyl group containing from about 6 to about 12 carbon atoms, R2 is an alkylene containing from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms, R5 is H or alkyl, aryl, or alkaryl containing from about 1 to about 10 carbon atoms, and L is any suitable leaving group.
• a leaving group is any group that is displaced from the bleach activator as a consequence of the nucleophilic attack on the bleach activator by the perhydrolysis anion.
• a preferred leaving group is phenyl sulfonate.
• bleach activators of the above formulae include (6-octanamido-caproyl)oxybenzenesulfonate, (6-nonanamidocaproyl)- oxybenzenesulfonate, (6-decanamidocaproyl)oxybenzenesulfonate, and mixtures thereof as described in U.S. Patent 4,634,551, incorporated herein by reference.
• Another class of bleach activators comprises the benzoxazin-type activators disclosed by Hodge et al in U.S. Patent 4,966,723, issued October 30, 1990, incorporated herein by reference.
• a highly preferred activator of the benzoxazin-type is:
• Still another class of preferred bleach activators includes the acyl lactam activators, especially acyl caprolactams and acyl valerolactams of the formulae: wherein R6 is H or an alkyl, aryl, alkoxyaryl, or alkaryl group containing from 1 to about 12 carbon atoms.
• lactam activators include benzoyl caprolactam, octanoyl caprolactam, 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoyl caprolactam, nonanoyl caprolactam, decanoyl caprolactam, undecenoyl caprolactam, benzoyl valerolactam, octanoyl valerolactam, decanoyl valerolactam, undecenoyl valerolactam, nonanoyl valerolactam, 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoyl valerolactam and mixtures thereof. See also U.S. Patent 4,545,784, issued to Sanderson, October 8, 1985, incorporated herein by reference, which discloses acyl caprolactams, including benzoyl caprolactam, adsorbed into sodium perborate.
• Bleaching agents other than oxygen bleaching agents are also known in the art and can be utilized herein.
• One type of non-oxygen bleaching agent of particular interest includes photoactivated bleaching agents such as the sulfonated zinc and/or aluminum phthalocyanines. See U.S. Patent 4,033,718, issued July 5, 1977 to Holcombe et al. If used, detergent compositions will typically contain from about 0.025% to about 1.25%, by weight, of such bleaches, especially sulfonate zinc phthalocyanine.
• the bleaching compounds can be catalyzed by means of a manganese compound.
• a manganese compound Such compounds are well known in the art and include, for example, the manganese-based catalysts disclosed in U.S. Pat. 5,246,621, U.S. Pat. 5,244,594; U.S. Pat. 5,194,416; U.S. Pat. 5,114,606; and European Pat. App. Pub. Nos.
• Preferred examples of these catalysts include Mn IV 2(u-O)3(1,4,7-trimethyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononane)2(PF6)2, Mn III 2(u-O)1(u-OAc)2(1,4,7-trimethyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononane)2 ⁇ (ClO4)2, Mn IV 4(u-O)6(1,4,7-triazacyclononane)4(ClO4)4, Mn III Mn IV 4(u-O)1(u-OAc)2 ⁇ (1,4,7-trimethyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononane)2(ClO4)3, Mn IV (1,4,7-trimethyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononane)- (OCH3)3(PF6), and mixtures thereof.
• metal-based bleach catalysts include those disclosed in U.S. Pat. 4,430,243 and U.S. Pat. 5,114,611.
• the use of manganese with various complex ligands to enhance bleaching is also reported in the following United States Patents: 4,728,455; 5,284,944; 5,246,612; 5,256,779; 5,280,117; 5,274,147; 5,153,161; 5,227,084;
• the present invention relates to detergent compositions.
• These compositions may be in any form such as powder, granules, liquid, paste, gel or solid bar.
• Each particular embodiment of the present invention may additionally comprise optional ingredients such as soil suspending agents, abrasives, bactericides, tarnish inhibitors, colouring agents, corrosion inhibitors and perfumes, which are known in the art and are required to formulate the particular composition.
• compositions described herein are for use in cleaning purposes, principally for fabric treatment. However, the compositions may also find utility for both manual and automatic dishwashing purposes.
• Examples 1 to 5 illustrate the soil removal performance of the alkyl alkoxylated sulphates of the present invention.
• Soil removal testing using an Atlas launder-Ometer, was carried out in a wash solution containing 1000ppm anionic surfactant, 500ppm zeolite, 500ppm SKS-6, 500ppm carbonate, 100ppm suds-suppressor.
• the water hardness of the wash solution was either 5dH (Clark) or 25 dH (Clark).
• the temperature of the wash solution was either 20°C or 60°C.
• the wash cycle time was 45 minutes.
• the stain was on WFK sebum stain on cotton fabric. Differences in greasy soil removal performance are recorded in panel score units (psu), positive having a better performance than the reference product.
• the following grading scale (psu grading) was used:
• Soil removal testing as described in examples 1 to 5 was carried out with a wash solution containing 700ppm anionic surfactant, 300ppm nonionic surfactant (either C12-C15 AE3 or C14-C15 AE7), 500ppm zeolite, 500ppm SK5-6, 500ppm carbonate, 100ppm suds-suppressor.
• the temperature of the wash solution was either 20°C or 60°C.
• the water hardness was 5dH (Clark).
• wash solutions A, B, C, D, E were prepared as in examples 1 to 5.

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