EP0692684A1 - Hot air stream generating device - Google Patents

Hot air stream generating device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0692684A1
EP0692684A1 EP95401480A EP95401480A EP0692684A1 EP 0692684 A1 EP0692684 A1 EP 0692684A1 EP 95401480 A EP95401480 A EP 95401480A EP 95401480 A EP95401480 A EP 95401480A EP 0692684 A1 EP0692684 A1 EP 0692684A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
air
heating system
outlet
enclosure
container
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP95401480A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0692684B1 (en
Inventor
Alain Chevalier
Marc Bouchez
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Airbus Group SAS
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Airbus Group SAS
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Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H3/00—Air heaters
    • F24H3/02—Air heaters with forced circulation
    • F24H3/06—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being kept separate from the heating medium, e.g. using forced circulation of air over radiators
    • F24H3/065—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being kept separate from the heating medium, e.g. using forced circulation of air over radiators using fluid fuel

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device for generating a current of hot air.
  • the present invention can be used in numerous installations requiring a current of hot air, such as, for example, installations for checking the resistance of materials or for aerodynamic tests or validation of wall cooling systems, it will be described more particularly below in the context of a test bench for the development of ramjet engines.
  • Static heaters are known for the generation of hot air, comprising a heating device, for example a gas burner or an electrical device, and intended for heating a material having a high thermal capacity, such as, for example, alumina balls. or metal tubes.
  • a heating device for example a gas burner or an electrical device
  • a material having a high thermal capacity such as, for example, alumina balls. or metal tubes.
  • active heaters which make it possible to heat the air continuously by combustion using for example hydrogen or kerosene, as well as the oxygen of the air to be heated, the oxygen consumed being replenished. after heating.
  • the hot air thus obtained is composed of air and products generated during this combustion. This air is therefore not pure, which has drawbacks for combustion studies, in particular in cases where kinetics play an important role, since it is then very difficult to reproduce on the ground operating conditions similar to those existing in flight.
  • the object of the present invention is to remedy these drawbacks. It relates to a device for generating hot air capable of supplying non-stale air at high temperature, and this without limitation of duration.
  • the device for generating a stream of hot air comprising an air source generating a stream of air at its outlet, a heating system generating thermal energy at its outlet.
  • outlet and heat transfer elements capable of storing thermal energy generated by said heating system and of restoring this thermal energy to said air stream
  • said heating system and said air source are respectively mounted stationary so that said air stream generated by said air source cannot undergo the action of said heating system, and in that said heat transfer elements are arranged on a mobile support capable of passing said heat transfer elements from a first position for which they are located opposite the outlet of said heating system to a second position for which they are located opposite the outlet from said air source so as to continuously renew the heat transfer elements arranged in said air stream and previously heated by said heating system.
  • the generation of the hot air stream is carried out without interruption and without limitation of time, it i.e. as long as desired.
  • the generated hot air stream is not vitiated by said heating system, which makes it possible to obtain hot air having the same purity as the air generated at the outlet of the air source.
  • said heating system comprises at least one burner supplied with a combustible fluid, said burner being mounted so that the gases generated by the combustion of said combustible fluid do not mix with said stream of heated air.
  • said burner advantageously uses, for the combustion of said combustible fluid, air coming from said air source and not used for the generation of a stream of hot air.
  • said movable support is rotatable, which simplifies the device according to the invention.
  • said movable support has the form of a cylindrical container, at least partially filled with said heat transfer elements.
  • said cylindrical container is provided in the upper wall with a first annular opening concentric with the axis of the cylindrical container and in the bottom wall with a second annular opening also concentric with the axis of the cylindrical container, said second opening being provided with a wire mesh, and the outlet of the heating system and the outlet of the air source being arranged below said second opening in diametrically opposite manner relative to the axis of the cylindrical container.
  • the device according to the invention advantageously comprises an enclosure mounted at a fixed station, said container being movable in said enclosure and the outlets of said air source and of said heating system being arranged in said enclosure.
  • said device comprises insulation means arranged between the container and the enclosure and intended to prevent air circulation between said container and said enclosure, which prevents air unheated coming directly from the air source, or possibly stale air coming from the heating system, mixes with the generated hot air stream.
  • the current of hot air generated can be exhausted by the nozzle to be transmitted to a user device, such as for example to a combustion chamber of a ramjet mounted on a test bench, and the air current coming from of the heating system, possibly vitiated, can be evacuated by the exhaust pipe, the two air streams not being able to mix with each other.
  • said exhaust pipe is provided with a controllable internal valve capable of modifying the opening intended for the 'exhaust.
  • a passage is provided between said container and said enclosure to allow air circulation from the outlet of the air source to the heating system.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic sectional view of a device according to the invention.
  • Figure 2 is a bottom view of the device of Figure 1 shown partially cut away.
  • Figure 3 is a top view of the device of Figure 1.
  • the device 1 according to the invention and shown in Figures 1 to 3 is intended to generate a current of hot air.
  • Said device 1 comprises an external enclosure 2 mounted at a fixed station and a mobile system produced in the form of a cylindrical container 3 mounted movably inside said enclosure 2.
  • said cylindrical container 3 is integral with a shaft 4 of axis XX, rotatably mounted in the upper wall 5 and the lower wall 6 of the enclosure 2 and capable of being driven in rotation, as indicated by an arrow E, by a drive device of the known type and not shown.
  • Said container 3 has a symmetry of revolution about said axis XX and is provided in its upper wall 7 with an annular opening 8 concentric with the axis XX and in its lower wall 9 with an annular opening 10 opposite the opening 8.
  • Said annular opening 10 is covered with a wire mesh 12.
  • One of said air streams A generated by the air source is capable of flowing through a passage 19 formed between the lower walls 6 and 9 of said enclosure 2 and of said container 3, to supply air to said burners 14 during the combustion of the combustible fluid, while the other air stream B is capable of flowing through said container 3, in which it can be heated as will be seen below, in the direction of the annular opening 8 made in the upper wall 7 of said container 3.
  • said container 3 is filled with heat transfer elements 27, for example balls or tubes, only shown in the bottom of the container 3 in FIG. 1.
  • said heat transfer elements 27 are shown in a compact manner in this figure 1.
  • said container 3 can be completely filled with such heat transfer elements 27, and this in a very compact manner, the filling being defined according to the results to be obtained, as will be seen below.
  • Said heat transfer elements 27 preferably have a high ratio between their external surface and their volume and are preferably made of a material having a high specific heat, such as for example zirconium dioxide.
  • the device 1 To generate a current of hot air, the device 1 according to the invention operates as follows.
  • Said burners 14 heat the heat transfer elements 27 located above them.
  • the combustion gases coming from said burners 14 flow out of the container 3 and of the enclosure 2 through the openings 8 and 23, as indicated by arrows C, and are evacuated through the exhaust pipe 25.
  • the heat transfer elements 27 thus store energy above the outlet 16 of the heating system 13. They restore this stored energy, after the rotation of the container 3 by half-turn bringing said heat transfer elements 27 into said current d air B, said air stream B. Thus, said air stream B is heated.
  • the distribution of heat in this stream of heated air B is made homogeneous by the passage of said stream of air B in said mixing system 22 so that one obtains, at the outlet of said nozzle 21, a homogeneously heated air flow.
  • the air generated by the air source can also flow directly through the opening 23, as indicated by arrows D, the extent of this flow depending in particular on the aerodynamic resistance of the heat transfer elements 27 placed in the container 3.
  • the distribution of the flow out of the container 3, respectively through the exhaust pipe 25 and the nozzle 21, depends in particular on the size of their sections respective. This distribution can therefore be adjusted by modifying the section of the exhaust pipe 25 by means of the controllable valve 26.
  • an insulation is established between the container 3 and the enclosure 2, for example using labyrinth seals 28 arranged between their vertical walls and a movable wall (not shown) arranged between their upper walls, which allows d prevent air circulation between the enclosure 2 and the container 3 so as to avoid mixing with said stream of hot air, on the one hand unheated air coming directly from the air source, and d on the other hand, possibly stale air coming from the heating system 13.
  • the nozzle 21 has in its central part 29 a reduction in diameter so as to allow evacuation of the air in forced flow.
  • Said stream of hot air B available at the outlet of said nozzle 21 can be used, for example, for checking the resistance of materials or for aerodynamic tests or validation of wall cooling systems.
  • said stream of hot air is used for the development of ramjet engines, for which it has the appropriate characteristics as mentioned above, the device 1 according to the invention being associated for this purpose with the test bench used for this development.

Abstract

The hot air generator has an air source generating an outlet air current (17), and a heating system (13) comprising a burner (14) supplied with a combustible fluid. Heat-retaining elements (27) store the thermal energy and transfer it to the air current. The heating system and the air source are mounted in a fixed position so that the combustion gases generated from the combustible fluid do not mix with the air current from the air source. The heat-carrying elements are arranged on a movable support (3) which can pass them between two positions. In the first position they face the heating system, while in the second position they are opposite the air outlet. This allows continuous refreshment of the heat carriers located in the air current previously heated by the heating system. <IMAGE>

Description

La présente invention concerne un dispositif de génération d'un courant d'air chaud.The present invention relates to a device for generating a current of hot air.

Bien que la présente invention puisse être utilisée dans de nombreuses installations nécessitant un courant d'air chaud, comme par exemple des installations pour le contrôle de la tenue de matériaux ou pour des essais d'aérodynamique ou de validation de systèmes de refroidissement de parois, elle sera décrite plus particulièrement ci-après dans le cadre d'un banc d'essai pour la mise au point de statoréacteurs.Although the present invention can be used in numerous installations requiring a current of hot air, such as, for example, installations for checking the resistance of materials or for aerodynamic tests or validation of wall cooling systems, it will be described more particularly below in the context of a test bench for the development of ramjet engines.

On sait que, pour une telle mise au point, en particulier de statoréacteurs destinés à fonctionner à des vitesses hypersoniques, il est nécessaire d'alimenter les statoréacteurs montés sur le banc d'essai, en air à la fois à haute température et le plus pur possible. De plus, une telle alimentation en air doit être effectuée en continu pendant une durée généralement très longue, de manière à simuler une trajectoire ou à vérifier la tenue thermique du statoréacteur en régime thermique permanent.It is known that, for such a development, in particular of ramjet engines intended to operate at hypersonic speeds, it is necessary to supply the ramjet engines mounted on the test bench, with air both at high temperature and most pure possible. In addition, such an air supply must be carried out continuously for a generally very long period, so as to simulate a trajectory or to check the thermal behavior of the ramjet in permanent thermal regime.

Pour la génération d'air chaud, on connaît des réchauffeurs statiques comportant un dispositif de chauffage, par exemple un brûleur à gaz ou un dispositif électrique, et destinés à chauffer un matériau présentant une forte capacité thermique, comme par exemple des billes d'alumine ou des tubes métalliques. Lorsque ledit matériau est chauffé, on fait passer de l'air pur dans le réchauffeur, ce qui permet d'obtenir de l'air à température élevée et de plus pur, puisque le passage à travers ledit réchauffeur ne modifie pas la composition de l'air utilisé.Static heaters are known for the generation of hot air, comprising a heating device, for example a gas burner or an electrical device, and intended for heating a material having a high thermal capacity, such as, for example, alumina balls. or metal tubes. When said material is heated, pure air is passed through the heater, which makes it possible to obtain air at high temperature and moreover pure, since the passage through said heater does not modify the composition of the air used.

Toutefois, comme la capacité calorifique du matériau utilisé est évidemment limitée, il est impossible d'engendrer de cette manière de l'air chaud pendant une durée très longue, et donc l'une des caractéristiques essentielles pour le fonctionnement de bancs d'essai du type décrit précédemment, à savoir une alimentation de façon continue en air, n'est pas satisfaite.However, as the heat capacity of the material used is obviously limited, it is impossible to generate hot air in this way for a very long time, and therefore one of the essential characteristics for the operation of test benches of the type described above, namely a continuous supply of air, is not satisfied.

Par ailleurs, on connaît des réchauffeurs actifs qui permettent de chauffer l'air de façon continue par une combustion utilisant par exemple de l'hydrogène ou du kérosène, ainsi que l'oxygène de l'air à chauffer, l'oxygène consommé étant recomplété après le chauffage. L'air chaud ainsi obtenu est composé d'air et de produits engendrés lors de cette combustion. Cet air n'est donc pas pur, ce qui présente des inconvénients pour les études de combustion, en particulier dans les cas où la cinétique joue un rôle important, puisqu'il est alors très difficile de reproduire au sol des conditions de fonctionnement semblables à celles existant en vol.Furthermore, active heaters are known which make it possible to heat the air continuously by combustion using for example hydrogen or kerosene, as well as the oxygen of the air to be heated, the oxygen consumed being replenished. after heating. The hot air thus obtained is composed of air and products generated during this combustion. This air is therefore not pure, which has drawbacks for combustion studies, in particular in cases where kinetics play an important role, since it is then very difficult to reproduce on the ground operating conditions similar to those existing in flight.

La présente invention a pour objet de remédier à ces inconvénients. Elle concerne un dispositif de génération d'air chaud susceptible de fournir de l'air non vicié à haute température, et ceci sans limitation de durée.The object of the present invention is to remedy these drawbacks. It relates to a device for generating hot air capable of supplying non-stale air at high temperature, and this without limitation of duration.

A cette fin, selon l'invention, le dispositif de génération d'un courant d'air chaud, comportant une source d'air engendrant un courant d'air à sa sortie, un système de chauffage engendrant de l'énergie thermique à sa sortie et des éléments caloporteurs susceptibles d'emmagasiner de l'énergie thermique engendrée par ledit système de chauffage et de restituer cette énergie thermique audit courant d'air, est remarquable en ce que ledit système de chauffage et ladite source d'air sont respectivement montés à poste fixe de manière que ledit courant d'air engendré par ladite source d'air ne puisse subir l'action dudit système de chauffage, et en ce que lesdits éléments caloporteurs sont agencés sur un support mobile susceptible de faire passer lesdits éléments caloporteurs d'une première position pour laquelle ils se trouvent en regard de la sortie dudit système de chauffage à une seconde position pour laquelle ils se trouvent en regard de la sortie de ladite source d'air de manière à renouveler de façon continue les éléments caloporteurs disposés dans ledit courant d'air et préalablement chauffés par ledit système de chauffage.To this end, according to the invention, the device for generating a stream of hot air, comprising an air source generating a stream of air at its outlet, a heating system generating thermal energy at its outlet. outlet and heat transfer elements capable of storing thermal energy generated by said heating system and of restoring this thermal energy to said air stream, is remarkable in that said heating system and said air source are respectively mounted stationary so that said air stream generated by said air source cannot undergo the action of said heating system, and in that said heat transfer elements are arranged on a mobile support capable of passing said heat transfer elements from a first position for which they are located opposite the outlet of said heating system to a second position for which they are located opposite the outlet from said air source so as to continuously renew the heat transfer elements arranged in said air stream and previously heated by said heating system.

Ainsi, comme les éléments caloporteurs transportant la chaleur emmagasinée dans le système de chauffage et utilisés pour chauffer ledit courant d'air sont renouvelés de façon continue, la génération du courant d'air chaud est effectuée sans interruption et sans limitation de durée, c'est-à-dire aussi longtemps que souhaité.Thus, as the heat transfer elements transporting the heat stored in the heating system and used to heat said air stream are continuously renewed, the generation of the hot air stream is carried out without interruption and without limitation of time, it i.e. as long as desired.

De plus, comme le courant d'air ne subit pas l'action du système de chauffage, le courant d'air chaud engendré n'est pas vicié par ledit système de chauffage, ce qui permet d'obtenir de l'air chaud présentant la même pureté que l'air engendré à la sortie de la source d'air.In addition, as the air stream does not undergo the action of the heating system, the generated hot air stream is not vitiated by said heating system, which makes it possible to obtain hot air having the same purity as the air generated at the outlet of the air source.

De façon avantageuse, ledit système de chauffage comporte au moins un brûleur alimenté par un fluide combustible, ledit brûleur étant monté de manière que les gaz engendrés par la combustion dudit fluide combustible ne se mélangent pas audit courant d'air chauffé.Advantageously, said heating system comprises at least one burner supplied with a combustible fluid, said burner being mounted so that the gases generated by the combustion of said combustible fluid do not mix with said stream of heated air.

Par ailleurs, ledit brûleur utilise avantageusement, pour la combustion dudit fluide combustible, de l'air provenant de ladite source d'air et non utilisé pour la génération de courant d'air chaud.Furthermore, said burner advantageously uses, for the combustion of said combustible fluid, air coming from said air source and not used for the generation of a stream of hot air.

Dans un mode de réalisation préféré de l'invention, ledit support mobile est rotatif, ce qui permet de simplifier le dispositif conforme à l'invention.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, said movable support is rotatable, which simplifies the device according to the invention.

De plus, de préférence, ledit support mobile présente la forme d'un récipient cylindrique, au moins partiellement rempli desdits éléments caloporteurs.In addition, preferably, said movable support has the form of a cylindrical container, at least partially filled with said heat transfer elements.

De façon avantageuse, ledit récipient cylindrique est muni dans la paroi supérieure d'une première ouverture annulaire concentrique à l'axe du récipient cylindrique et dans la paroi inférieure d'une seconde ouverture annulaire également concentrique à l'axe du récipient cylindrique, ladite seconde ouverture étant pourvue d'un treillis métallique, et la sortie du système de chauffage et la sortie de la source d'air étant agencées au-dessous de ladite seconde ouverture de façon diamétralement opposée relativement à l'axe du récipient cylindrique.Advantageously, said cylindrical container is provided in the upper wall with a first annular opening concentric with the axis of the cylindrical container and in the bottom wall with a second annular opening also concentric with the axis of the cylindrical container, said second opening being provided with a wire mesh, and the outlet of the heating system and the outlet of the air source being arranged below said second opening in diametrically opposite manner relative to the axis of the cylindrical container.

Par ailleurs, le dispositif conforme à l'invention comporte avantageusement une enceinte montée à poste fixe, ledit récipient étant mobile dans ladite enceinte et les sorties de ladite source d'air et dudit système de chauffage étant agencées dans ladite enceinte.Furthermore, the device according to the invention advantageously comprises an enclosure mounted at a fixed station, said container being movable in said enclosure and the outlets of said air source and of said heating system being arranged in said enclosure.

De plus, de façon avantageuse, ledit dispositif comporte des moyens d'isolation agencés entre le récipient et l'enceinte et destinés à empêcher une circulation d'air entre ledit récipient et ladite enceinte, ce qui permet d'éviter que de l'air non chauffé provenant directement de la source d'air, ou de l'air éventuellement vicié provenant du système de chauffage, se mélange au courant d'air chaud engendré.In addition, advantageously, said device comprises insulation means arranged between the container and the enclosure and intended to prevent air circulation between said container and said enclosure, which prevents air unheated coming directly from the air source, or possibly stale air coming from the heating system, mixes with the generated hot air stream.

En outre, de manière à permettre une bonne évacuation des différents courants d'air, ladite enceinte peut être munie dans sa paroi supérieure :

  • d'une première ouverture en regard de ladite sortie de la source d'air, à laquelle première ouverture peut être raccordée une tuyère ; et
  • d'une seconde ouverture en regard de ladite sortie du système de chauffage, à laquelle seconde ouverture peut être raccordée une conduite d'échappement.
In addition, in order to allow good evacuation of the various air streams, said enclosure can be provided in its upper wall:
  • a first opening opposite said outlet of the air source, to which the first opening can be connected a nozzle; and
  • a second opening opposite said outlet of the heating system, to which the second opening can be connected an exhaust pipe.

Ainsi, le courant d'air chaud engendré peut être évacué par la tuyère pour être transmis à un dispositif utilisateur, comme par exemple à une chambre de combustion d'un statoréacteur montée sur un banc d'essai, et le courant d'air provenant du système de chauffage, éventuellement vicié, peut être évacué par la conduite d'échappement, les deux courants d'air ne pouvant pas se mélanger ainsi l'un à l'autre.Thus, the current of hot air generated can be exhausted by the nozzle to be transmitted to a user device, such as for example to a combustion chamber of a ramjet mounted on a test bench, and the air current coming from of the heating system, possibly vitiated, can be evacuated by the exhaust pipe, the two air streams not being able to mix with each other.

Afin de pouvoir régler la répartition de l'écoulement d'air à travers ladite tuyère et ladite conduite d'échappement, de façon avantageuse, ladite conduite d'échappement est munie d'une vanne interne commandable susceptible de modifier l'ouverture destinée à l'échappement.In order to be able to adjust the distribution of the air flow through said nozzle and said exhaust pipe, advantageously, said exhaust pipe is provided with a controllable internal valve capable of modifying the opening intended for the 'exhaust.

En outre, avantageusement, un passage est ménagé entre ledit récipient et ladite enceinte pour permettre une circulation d'air de la sortie de la source d'air vers le système de chauffage.In addition, advantageously, a passage is provided between said container and said enclosure to allow air circulation from the outlet of the air source to the heating system.

Les figures du dessin annexé feront bien comprendre comment l'invention peut être réalisée. Sur ces figures, des références identiques désignent des éléments semblables.The figures of the appended drawing will make it clear how the invention can be implemented. In these figures, identical references designate similar elements.

La figure 1 est une vue schématique en coupe d'un dispositif conforme à l'invention.Figure 1 is a schematic sectional view of a device according to the invention.

La figure 2 est une vue de dessous du dispositif de la figure 1 montré de façon partiellement arrachée.Figure 2 is a bottom view of the device of Figure 1 shown partially cut away.

La figure 3 est une vue de dessus du dispositif de la figure 1.Figure 3 is a top view of the device of Figure 1.

Le dispositif 1 conforme à l'invention et représenté sur les figures 1 à 3 est destiné à engendrer un courant d'air chaud.The device 1 according to the invention and shown in Figures 1 to 3 is intended to generate a current of hot air.

Ledit dispositif 1 comporte une enceinte externe 2 montée à poste fixe et un système mobile réalisé sous forme d'un récipient cylindrique 3 monté de façon mobile à l'intérieur de ladite enceinte 2.Said device 1 comprises an external enclosure 2 mounted at a fixed station and a mobile system produced in the form of a cylindrical container 3 mounted movably inside said enclosure 2.

A cet effet, ledit récipient cylindrique 3 est solidaire d'un arbre 4 d'axe X-X, monté de façon rotative dans la paroi supérieure 5 et la paroi inférieure 6 de l'enceinte 2 et susceptible d'être entraîné en rotation, comme indiqué par une flèche E, par un dispositif d'entraînement du type connu et non représenté. Ledit récipient 3 présente une symétrie de révolution autour dudit axe X-X et est muni dans sa paroi supérieure 7 d'une ouverture annulaire 8 concentrique à l'axe X-X et dans sa paroi inférieure 9 d'une ouverture annulaire 10 en regard de l'ouverture 8. Ladite ouverture annulaire 10 est recouverte d'un treillis métallique 12.To this end, said cylindrical container 3 is integral with a shaft 4 of axis XX, rotatably mounted in the upper wall 5 and the lower wall 6 of the enclosure 2 and capable of being driven in rotation, as indicated by an arrow E, by a drive device of the known type and not shown. Said container 3 has a symmetry of revolution about said axis XX and is provided in its upper wall 7 with an annular opening 8 concentric with the axis XX and in its lower wall 9 with an annular opening 10 opposite the opening 8. Said annular opening 10 is covered with a wire mesh 12.

On notera que, dans le cadre de la présente invention, il est possible de réaliser toute la paroi inférieure 9 sous forme d'un treillis métallique.It will be noted that, in the context of the present invention, it is possible to produce the entire lower wall 9 in the form of a wire mesh.

Sous ladite ouverture annulaire 10, sont agencés :

  • d'une part, un système de chauffage 13 engendrant à sa sortie 16 de l'énergie thermique, ledit système de chauffage 13 comportant des brûleurs 14 alimentés de façon non représentée par un fluide combustible, par exemple du propane, fixés sur la face interne 15 de la paroi inférieure 6 de l'enceinte 2 et répartis en arc de cercle au centre de l'ouverture annulaire 10, tel que représenté sur la figure 2, les brûleurs 14 étant indiqués schématiquement par des points sur cette figure 2 ; et
  • d'autre part, de façon opposée audit système de chauffage 13 par rapport à l'axe X-X, la sortie 17 d'une source d'air non représentée et susceptible d'engendrer deux courants d'air A et B, ladite sortie 17 traversant une ouverture 18 pratiquée dans la paroi inférieure 6 de l'enceinte 2 et étant solidaire de ladite enceinte 2.
Under said annular opening 10, are arranged:
  • on the one hand, a heating system 13 generating at its output 16 thermal energy, said heating system 13 comprising burners 14 supplied in a manner not represented by a combustible fluid, for example propane, fixed on the internal face 15 of the lower wall 6 of the enclosure 2 and distributed in an arc of a circle at the center of the annular opening 10, as shown in FIG. 2, the burners 14 being indicated diagrammatically by points in this FIG. 2; and
  • on the other hand, opposite to said heating system 13 with respect to the axis XX, the outlet 17 from an air source not shown and capable of generating two air streams A and B, said outlet 17 passing through an opening 18 made in the lower wall 6 of the enclosure 2 and being integral with said enclosure 2.

L'un desdits courants d'air A engendré par la source d'air est susceptible de s'écouler à travers un passage 19 formé entre les parois inférieures 6 et 9 de ladite enceinte 2 et dudit récipient 3, pour alimenter en air lesdits brûleurs 14 lors de la combustion du fluide combustible, tandis que l'autre courant d'air B est susceptible de s'écouler à travers ledit récipient 3, dans lequel il peut être chauffé comme on le verra ci-après, en direction de l'ouverture annulaire 8 pratiquée dans la paroi supérieure 7 dudit récipient 3.One of said air streams A generated by the air source is capable of flowing through a passage 19 formed between the lower walls 6 and 9 of said enclosure 2 and of said container 3, to supply air to said burners 14 during the combustion of the combustible fluid, while the other air stream B is capable of flowing through said container 3, in which it can be heated as will be seen below, in the direction of the annular opening 8 made in the upper wall 7 of said container 3.

La paroi supérieure 5 de l'enceinte 2 est munie quant à elle :

  • d'une part, d'une ouverture circulaire 20 pratiquée en regard de la sortie 17 de la source d'air, à laquelle ouverture 20 est raccordée une tuyère 21 qui est munie d'un système mélangeur 22 susceptible de mélanger de l'air et agencé près de ladite ouverture 20 à l'intérieur de ladite tuyère 21 ; et
  • d'autre part, d'une ouverture 23 de forme oblongue, pratiquée en regard de la sortie 16 du système de chauffage 13 et formée en arc de cercle de façon correspondante à la disposition des brûleurs 14, tel que représenté sur la figure 3. A ladite ouverture 23 est raccordée, par l'intermédiaire d'un élément de tuyère 24, une conduite d'échappement 25 représentée en traits mixtes sur la figure 1 et munie d'une vanne interne commandable 26 susceptible de modifier la section libre de ladite conduite d'échappement 25.
The upper wall 5 of the enclosure 2 is provided with:
  • on the one hand, a circular opening 20 made opposite the outlet 17 of the air source, to which opening 20 is connected a nozzle 21 which is provided with a mixing system 22 capable of mixing air and arranged near said opening 20 inside said nozzle 21; and
  • on the other hand, an oblong-shaped opening 23, made opposite the outlet 16 of the heating system 13 and formed in an arc of a circle corresponding to the arrangement of the burners 14, as shown in FIG. 3. To said opening 23 is connected, via a nozzle element 24, an exhaust pipe 25 shown in phantom in Figure 1 and provided with a controllable internal valve 26 capable of modifying the free section of said exhaust pipe 25.

Par ailleurs, ledit récipient 3 est rempli d'éléments caloporteurs 27, par exemple des billes ou des tubes, uniquement représentés dans le fond du récipient 3 sur la figure 1. De plus, pour des raisons de clarté du dessin, lesdits éléments caloporteurs 27 sont représentés de façon peu compacte sur cette figure 1. Bien entendu, ledit récipient 3 peut être entièrement rempli de tels éléments caloporteurs 27, et ceci de façon très compacte, le remplissage étant défini en fonction des résultats à obtenir, comme on le verra ci-après. Lesdits éléments caloporteurs 27 présentent de préférence un rapport élevé entre leur surface externe et leur volume et sont réalisés de préférence en un matériau présentant une chaleur massique élevée, comme par exemple du dioxyde de zirconium.Furthermore, said container 3 is filled with heat transfer elements 27, for example balls or tubes, only shown in the bottom of the container 3 in FIG. 1. In addition, for reasons of clarity of the drawing, said heat transfer elements 27 are shown in a compact manner in this figure 1. Of course, said container 3 can be completely filled with such heat transfer elements 27, and this in a very compact manner, the filling being defined according to the results to be obtained, as will be seen below. -after. Said heat transfer elements 27 preferably have a high ratio between their external surface and their volume and are preferably made of a material having a high specific heat, such as for example zirconium dioxide.

Pour engendrer un courant d'air chaud, le dispositif 1 conforme à l'invention fonctionne comme suit.To generate a current of hot air, the device 1 according to the invention operates as follows.

On effectue à cet effet tout d'abord les opérations suivantes :

  • on entraîne en rotation, à vitesse faible et constante, l'arbre 4 qui fait ainsi tourner ledit récipient 3 autour de l'axe X-X ;
  • on déclenche la source d'air 17 qui engendre les deux courants d'air A et B précités ; et
  • on déclenche les brûleurs 14 du système de chauffage 13, qui sont alimentés en fluide combustible, de façon non représentée, ainsi qu'en air par l'intermédiaire du courant d'air A.
The following operations are carried out for this purpose:
  • is driven in rotation, at low and constant speed, the shaft 4 which thus rotates said container 3 about the axis XX;
  • the air source 17 is triggered, which generates the two air currents A and B mentioned above; and
  • the burners 14 of the heating system 13 are triggered, which are supplied with combustible fluid, not shown, as well as air via the air stream A.

Lesdits brûleurs 14 chauffent les éléments caloporteurs 27 situés au-dessus d'eux. Les gaz de combustion provenant desdits brûleurs 14 s'écoulent hors du récipient 3 et de l'enceinte 2 par les ouvertures 8 et 23, comme indiqué par des flèches C, et sont évacués par la conduite d'échappement 25.Said burners 14 heat the heat transfer elements 27 located above them. The combustion gases coming from said burners 14 flow out of the container 3 and of the enclosure 2 through the openings 8 and 23, as indicated by arrows C, and are evacuated through the exhaust pipe 25.

Les éléments caloporteurs 27 emmagasinent ainsi de l'énergie au-dessus de la sortie 16 du système de chauffage 13. Ils restituent cette énergie emmagasinée, après la rotation d'un demi-tour du récipient 3 amenant lesdits éléments caloporteurs 27 dans ledit courant d'air B, audit courant d'air B. Ainsi, ledit courant d'air B est chauffé. En outre, la répartition de la chaleur dans ce courant d'air chauffé B est rendue homogène par le passage dudit courant d'air B dans ledit système mélangeur 22 de sorte que l'on obtient, à la sortie de ladite tuyère 21, un courant d'air chauffé de façon homogène.The heat transfer elements 27 thus store energy above the outlet 16 of the heating system 13. They restore this stored energy, after the rotation of the container 3 by half-turn bringing said heat transfer elements 27 into said current d air B, said air stream B. Thus, said air stream B is heated. In addition, the distribution of heat in this stream of heated air B is made homogeneous by the passage of said stream of air B in said mixing system 22 so that one obtains, at the outlet of said nozzle 21, a homogeneously heated air flow.

Ainsi, grâce à l'invention, ledit courant d'air chaud B présente les caractéristiques suivantes :

  • sa chaleur peut être déterminée de façon précise en fonction en particulier de l'intensité du chauffage, ainsi que des caractéristiques et de la quantité des éléments caloporteurs utilisés 27 ;
  • il est non vicié, les produits engendrés par la combustion des brûleurs 14 et susceptibles de vicier ledit courant d'air B étant évacués par la conduite d'échappement 25 ; et
  • l'air chaud est fourni de façon continue et homogène en raison de la rotation à vitesse constante du récipient 3, qui permet de renouveler de façon continue les éléments caloporteurs 27 disposés dans le courant d'air B et destinés à chauffer ledit courant d'air B.
Thus, thanks to the invention, said hot air stream B has the following characteristics:
  • its heat can be determined precisely as a function in particular of the intensity of the heating, as well as of the characteristics and the quantity of the heat transfer elements used 27;
  • it is not vitiated, the products generated by the combustion of the burners 14 and capable of vitiating said air stream B being discharged through the exhaust pipe 25; and
  • the hot air is supplied in a continuous and homogeneous manner due to the rotation at constant speed of the container 3, which makes it possible to continuously renew the heat-carrying elements 27 arranged in the air stream B and intended to heat said stream of air B.

On notera que l'air engendré par la source d'air peut de plus s'écouler directement par l'ouverture 23, comme indiqué par des flèches D, l'importance de cet écoulement dépendant en particulier de la résistance aérodynamique des éléments caloporteurs 27 placés dans le récipient 3. La répartition de l'écoulement hors du récipient 3, respectivement à travers la conduite d'échappement 25 et la tuyère 21, dépend en particulier de l'importance de leurs sections respectives. Cette répartition peut de ce fait être réglée en modifiant la section de la conduite d'échappement 25 par l'intermédiaire de la vanne commandable 26.Note that the air generated by the air source can also flow directly through the opening 23, as indicated by arrows D, the extent of this flow depending in particular on the aerodynamic resistance of the heat transfer elements 27 placed in the container 3. The distribution of the flow out of the container 3, respectively through the exhaust pipe 25 and the nozzle 21, depends in particular on the size of their sections respective. This distribution can therefore be adjusted by modifying the section of the exhaust pipe 25 by means of the controllable valve 26.

Par ailleurs, une isolation est établie entre le récipient 3 et l'enceinte 2, par exemple à l'aide de joints labyrinthes 28 agencés entre leurs parois verticales et d'une paroi mobile non représentée agencée entre leurs parois supérieures, ce qui permet d'empêcher une circulation d'air entre l'enceinte 2 et le récipient 3 de manière à éviter de mélanger audit courant d'air chaud, d'une part de l'air non chauffé provenant directement de la source d'air, et d'autre part de l'air éventuellement vicié provenant du système de chauffage 13.Furthermore, an insulation is established between the container 3 and the enclosure 2, for example using labyrinth seals 28 arranged between their vertical walls and a movable wall (not shown) arranged between their upper walls, which allows d prevent air circulation between the enclosure 2 and the container 3 so as to avoid mixing with said stream of hot air, on the one hand unheated air coming directly from the air source, and d on the other hand, possibly stale air coming from the heating system 13.

On remarquera, par ailleurs, que la tuyère 21 présente dans sa partie médiane 29 une diminution du diamètre de manière à permettre une évacuation de l'air en veine forcée.Note, moreover, that the nozzle 21 has in its central part 29 a reduction in diameter so as to allow evacuation of the air in forced flow.

Ledit courant d'air chaud B disponible à la sortie de ladite tuyère 21 peut être utilisé, par exemple, pour le contrôle de la tenue de matériaux ou pour des essais d'aérodynamique ou de validation de systèmes de refroidissement de parois. Toutefois, de préférence, ledit courant d'air chaud est utilisé pour la mise au point de statoréacteurs, pour laquelle il présente les caractéristiques appropriées comme rappelé précédemment, le dispositif 1 conforme à l'invention étant associé à cet effet au banc d'essai utilisé pour cette mise au point.Said stream of hot air B available at the outlet of said nozzle 21 can be used, for example, for checking the resistance of materials or for aerodynamic tests or validation of wall cooling systems. However, preferably, said stream of hot air is used for the development of ramjet engines, for which it has the appropriate characteristics as mentioned above, the device 1 according to the invention being associated for this purpose with the test bench used for this development.

Claims (10)

Dispositif de génération d'un courant d'air chaud, notamment pour la mise au point de statoréacteurs, comportant une source d'air engendrant un courant d'air à sa sortie (17), un système de chauffage (13) à au moins un brûleur (14) alimenté en fluide combustible et des éléments caloporteurs (27) susceptibles d'emmagasiner de l'énergie thermique engendrée par ledit système de chauffage (13) et de restituer cette énergie thermique audit courant d'air,
caractérisé en ce que ledit système de chauffage (13) et ladite source d'air sont respectivement montés à poste fixe de manière que les gaz engendrés par la combustion dudit fluide combustible ne puissent se mélanger au courant d'air engendré par ladite source d'air, et en ce que lesdits éléments caloporteurs (27) sont agencés sur un support mobile (3) susceptible de faire passer lesdits éléments caloporteurs (27) d'une première position pour laquelle ils se trouvent en regard dudit système de chauffage (13) à une seconde position pour laquelle ils se trouvent en regard de la sortie (17) de ladite source d'air de manière à renouveler de façon continue les éléments caloporteurs (27) disposés dans ledit courant d'air et préalablement chauffés par ledit système de chauffage (13).Device for generating a current of hot air, in particular for the development of ramjets, comprising an air source generating an air current at its outlet (17), a heating system (13) at least a burner (14) supplied with combustible fluid and heat transfer elements (27) capable of storing thermal energy generated by said heating system (13) and of restoring this thermal energy to said stream of air,
characterized in that said heating system (13) and said air source are respectively mounted in a stationary position so that the gases generated by the combustion of said combustible fluid cannot mix with the air stream generated by said source of air, and in that said heat transfer elements (27) are arranged on a movable support (3) capable of passing said heat transfer elements (27) from a first position for which they lie opposite said heating system (13) at a second position for which they are opposite the outlet (17) of said air source so as to continuously renew the heat transfer elements (27) arranged in said air stream and previously heated by said system of heating (13). Dispositif selon la revendication 1,
caractérisé en ce que ledit brûleur (14) utilise, pour la combustion du fluide combustible, de l'air provenant de ladite source d'air et non utilisé pour la génération de courant d'air chaud.Device according to claim 1,
characterized in that said burner (14) uses, for the combustion of the combustible fluid, air from said air source and not used for the generation of hot air current. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 ou 2,
caractérisé en ce que ledit support mobile (3) est rotatif.Device according to one of claims 1 or 2,
characterized in that said movable support (3) is rotatable. Dispositif selon la revendication 3,
caractérisé en ce que ledit support mobile présente la forme d'un récipient cylindrique (3), au moins partiellement rempli desdits éléments caloporteurs (27).Device according to claim 3,
characterized in that said movable support has the form of a cylindrical container (3), at least partially filled with said heat transfer elements (27). Dispositif selon la revendication 4,
caractérisé en ce que ledit récipient cylindrique (3) est muni dans la paroi supérieure (7) d'une première ouverture annulaire (8) concentrique à l'axe (X-X) du récipient cylindrique (3) et dans la paroi inférieure (9) d'une seconde ouverture annulaire (10) également concentrique à l'axe (X-X) du récipient cylindrique (3), ladite seconde ouverture (10) étant pourvue d'un treillis métallique (12), et la sortie (16) du système de chauffage (13) et la sortie (17) de la source d'air étant agencées au-dessous de ladite seconde ouverture (10) de façon diamétralement opposée relativement à l'axe (X-X) du récipient cylindrique (3).Device according to claim 4,
characterized in that said cylindrical container (3) is provided in the upper wall (7) with a first annular opening (8) concentric with the axis (XX) of the cylindrical container (3) and in the lower wall (9) a second annular opening (10) also concentric with the axis (XX) of the cylindrical container (3), said second opening (10) being provided with a wire mesh (12), and the outlet (16) of the system heating (13) and the outlet (17) of the air source being arranged below said second opening (10) diametrically opposite relative to the axis (XX) of the cylindrical container (3). Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 4 ou 5,
caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte une enceinte (2) à l'intérieur de laquelle ledit récipient (3) est monté mobile, les sorties (16, 17) de ladite source d'air et dudit système de chauffage (13) étant agencées dans ladite enceinte (2).Device according to one of claims 4 or 5,
characterized in that it comprises an enclosure (2) inside which said container (3) is movably mounted, the outlets (16, 17) of said air source and said heating system (13) being arranged in said enclosure (2). Dispositif selon la revendication 6,
caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte des moyens d'isolation (28) agencés entre le récipient (3) et l'enceinte (2) et destinés à empêcher une circulation d'air entre ledit récipient (3) et ladite enceinte (2).Device according to claim 6,
characterized in that it comprises insulation means (28) arranged between the container (3) and the enclosure (2) and intended to prevent air circulation between said container (3) and said enclosure (2) . Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 6 ou 7,
caractérisé en ce que ladite enceinte (2) est munie dans sa paroi supérieure (5) : - d'une première ouverture (20) disposée en regard de ladite sortie (17) de la source d'air et à laquelle est raccordée une tuyère (21) ; et - d'une seconde ouverture (23) disposée en regard de ladite sortie (16) du système de chauffage (13) et à laquelle est raccordée une conduite d'échappement (25). Device according to one of claims 6 or 7,
characterized in that said enclosure (2) is provided in its upper wall (5): - a first opening (20) disposed opposite said outlet (17) of the air source and to which a nozzle (21) is connected; and - a second opening (23) disposed opposite said outlet (16) of the heating system (13) and to which an exhaust pipe (25) is connected. Dispositif selon la revendication 8,
caractérisé en ce que ladite conduite d'échappement (25) est munie d'une vanne interne commandable (26) susceptible de modifier la section de ladite conduite d'échappement.Device according to claim 8,
characterized in that said exhaust pipe (25) is provided with a controllable internal valve (26) capable of modifying the section of said exhaust pipe. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 6 à 9,
caractérisé en ce qu'un passage (19) est ménagé entre ledit récipient (3) et ladite enceinte (2) pour permettre une circulation d'air de la sortie (17) de la source d'air vers le système de chauffage (13).Device according to one of claims 6 to 9,
characterized in that a passage (19) is provided between said container (3) and said enclosure (2) to allow air circulation from the outlet (17) from the air source to the heating system (13 ).
EP95401480A 1994-07-12 1995-06-22 Hot air stream generating device Expired - Lifetime EP0692684B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9408618 1994-07-12
FR9408618A FR2722561B1 (en) 1994-07-12 1994-07-12 DEVICE FOR GENERATING A HOT AIR STREAM

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EP0692684B1 EP0692684B1 (en) 1999-03-24

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CN103742968B (en) * 2014-01-28 2016-01-20 杭州扬果科技有限公司 Energy-efficient convection heat transfer' heat-transfer by convection heating installation
CN104374081B (en) * 2014-08-21 2017-11-21 福建永恒能源管理有限公司 A kind of Vertical Steel Plate hot-blast stove of novel high-efficiency and energy-saving

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JPH0854315A (en) 1996-02-27
EP0692684B1 (en) 1999-03-24
US5590705A (en) 1997-01-07
ES2130550T3 (en) 1999-07-01
DE69508476D1 (en) 1999-04-29
JP3579510B2 (en) 2004-10-20
FR2722561A1 (en) 1996-01-19
DE69508476T2 (en) 1999-07-08
FR2722561B1 (en) 1996-09-20

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