EP0685550A1 - Process and plant having a preheating unit for the pyrolysis of waste - Google Patents
Process and plant having a preheating unit for the pyrolysis of waste Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0685550A1 EP0685550A1 EP95401176A EP95401176A EP0685550A1 EP 0685550 A1 EP0685550 A1 EP 0685550A1 EP 95401176 A EP95401176 A EP 95401176A EP 95401176 A EP95401176 A EP 95401176A EP 0685550 A1 EP0685550 A1 EP 0685550A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- pyrolysis
- preheating
- solids
- installation according
- waste
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 6
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 title description 33
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000005325 percolation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000010791 domestic waste Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002440 industrial waste Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011269 tar Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001149 thermolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003440 toxic substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B17/00—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement
- F26B17/26—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed by reciprocating or oscillating conveyors propelling materials over stationary surfaces; with movement performed by reciprocating or oscillating shelves, sieves, or trays
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B1/00—Retorts
- C10B1/10—Rotary retorts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B47/00—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials with indirect heating, e.g. by external combustion
- C10B47/28—Other processes
- C10B47/30—Other processes in rotary ovens or retorts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B7/00—Coke ovens with mechanical conveying means for the raw material inside the oven
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B7/00—Coke ovens with mechanical conveying means for the raw material inside the oven
- C10B7/04—Coke ovens with mechanical conveying means for the raw material inside the oven with shaking or vibrating devices
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B11/00—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects with movement which is non-progressive
- F26B11/02—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects with movement which is non-progressive in moving drums or other mainly-closed receptacles
- F26B11/04—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects with movement which is non-progressive in moving drums or other mainly-closed receptacles rotating about a horizontal or slightly-inclined axis
- F26B11/0445—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects with movement which is non-progressive in moving drums or other mainly-closed receptacles rotating about a horizontal or slightly-inclined axis having conductive heating arrangements, e.g. heated drum wall
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F5/00—Elements specially adapted for movement
- F28F5/02—Rotary drums or rollers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of heat treatment of solid materials, and more particularly pyrolysis (or thermolysis) furnaces intended to treat solids such as industrial and / or household waste.
- ovens or installations consist of an oven, fixed or rotating, equipped with heating means mostly located outside the oven.
- French patent application FR 2 668 774 describes a cylindrical oven which rotates around a horizontal axis and which is heated by burners located in an annular space around the oven.
- the present invention aims to improve in particular but not exclusively this type of rotary kiln, by essentially reducing energy needs, costs, and by simplifying the general design of the installation.
- the present invention allows self-purification of the pyrolysis gases, as will be explained below.
- the present invention advantageously makes it possible to treat waste of very variable nature and humidity.
- the present invention relates to an installation intended for the pyrolysis of solids comprising a rotary kiln inside which the pyrolysis is carried out and a means for heating the rotary kiln.
- the installation further comprises a means for preheating the solids disposed upstream of said furnace, said means comprises at least two zones in which the solids are preheated to different temperatures, and a device for extracting the gases in which the pyrolysis gases are brought after having passed through at least one of said zones of preheating, a sealed connection being also provided between said rotary kiln and said preheating means
- the installation further comprises means intended to individually regulate the temperature in each preheating zone and in said rotary oven.
- the temperature inside said preheating means is adjusted so as to always be lower than a given temperature T0.
- the device for extracting the pyrolysis gases is disposed between two preheating zones, relative to the direction of propagation of the solids in the installation.
- the extraction device also allows the separation and / or the evacuation of certain solids.
- the preheating means can be tubular, of substantially horizontal axis and include at its end associated with the connection with the furnace, a narrowing.
- the installation according to the invention may also comprise means placed upstream of said rotary kiln, intended for injecting a basic element into the solids.
- a device intended to evacuate the pyrolysis gases in the event of an emergency can also be provided.
- the present invention further relates to the pyrolysis process associated with the installation.
- the installation comprises a rotating part 1, preceded by a means of preheating the waste, of elongated shape and substantially cylindrical 2, said means 2 being supplied with waste from a hopper 3 via a transfer line 4.
- the waste from the hopper 3 is dosed, compacted and then pushed into the transfer line 4 by a pusher 5 or any other device known to those skilled in the art which can perform the same function.
- the waste enters a first zone 2a of the preheating means 2.
- the waste can be heated there indirectly by a heating jacket 6a swept by a hot fluid supplied by a line 7a or by the combustion of a fuel suitable for inside said envelope.
- the first zone 2a of the preheating means is used to remove a good part of the moisture contained in the waste, and to preheat it to a temperature between 50 and 150 ° C, and preferably between 60 and 90 ° C.
- the temperature of the waste leaving the zone 2a is measured using a probe 8a, and the information obtained serves to regulate the heat input to the heating jacket 6a.
- the heating of the waste then continues in a second zone 2b of the preheating means 2 according to a process substantially equivalent to that of the first zone 2a, that is to say with a heating jacket 6b supplied with hot fluid by a line 7b .
- the moisture remaining after the first zone 2a is eliminated, and the waste is brought to a temperature of between 100 and 500 ° C., preferably between 140 and 200 ° C.
- the temperature at the outlet of the second zone 2b is advantageously controlled by means of a probe 8b and the information obtained is used to regulate the heating means 6b.
- the end 9 of the second preheating zone 2b is connected to the rotating part 1 by means of a seal 10.
- the end 9 may be provided with a narrowing 11, intended to maintain a flow of waste compact inside the transfer line 4 and in the preheating pipe 2.
- zones 2a and 2b at the level of a zone referenced 2c is a gas extraction device 12, a priori unheated, but thermally insulated.
- This extraction device 12 receives the water vapor produced by the waste in parts 2a and 2b and the pyrolysis gases produced in the rotating cylinder 1, after they have passed against the current bed of waste in zone 2b.
- the extraction device 12 includes means 13 such as porous surfaces, orifices, grids, or any other equivalent means, allowing the passage of gases from part 2c of the preheating pipe to said device. extraction, without entailing significant quantities of solid matter.
- the pyrolysis gases and the water vapor are then evacuated from the device 12, by means of a line 14, while the possible solids accompanying the gases, can be separated from the gases by sedimentation in the device 12 or by any other means. known to those skilled in the art, then evacuated by a line 15.
- the waste falls by gravity into the rotating cylinder 1 to form a bed 20.
- the rotating cylinder 1 is more or less inclined, depending on the inventory and the desired solids flow rate.
- This rotating cylinder 1 can be heated by means placed outside such as burners using for example pyrolysis gases, or by means 21 placed directly inside the rotating cylinder as illustrated in the single appended figure.
- the heating means 21, mounted on a fixed part 22 can be constituted for example, by a tubular bundle in which combustion of a fuel such as natural gas or pyrolysis gases is freed of the essentials. tars and particles.
- the tube bundle can also be supplied with a hot fluid obtained for example by heating air in the boiler which burns the pyrolysis gases.
- the fixed part 22 is connected to the rotating part 1 by means of a seal 23 which ensures perfect gas tightness between the atmosphere prevailing in said cylinder 1 and the outside.
- the fixed part 22 can be equipped with a device 24 intended for the emergency evacuation of the pyrolysis gases, in the event that the flow of the pyrolysis gases is severely braked or can no longer take place in the tubing. 2b or else in the extraction device 12.
- the waste is treated at temperatures between 150 and 900 ° C, and preferably between 400 and 600 ° C.
- the waste progresses from the entrance to the fixed part 22.
- the resulting solid phase is concentrated in the part 22a, then evacuated by a line 25.
- a hopper 26 intended for injecting a basic (absorbent) element into the waste can also be mounted on the preheating means 2, preferably in the zone 2a.
- the advantage of the preheating tubing is to dry the waste, then to heat it to a temperature close to but below the temperature T0 from which the waste emits toxic substances such as chlorinated products, substances that absolutely must be trapped in the solid phase present in the rotating part.
- Household waste is treated with a device identical to that of the appended figure.
- the waste is 30% moisture.
- the settings of the three heating zones are such that the temperatures are respectively 100, 150 and 500 ° C at the outlet of parts 2a, 2b and 1.
- the waste When the waste is in part 2c, they have lost approximately 50% of their humidity .
- the energy inputs at the devices 6a, 6b and 21 are respectively 0.523, 0.268 and 0.368MJ / kg of treated waste.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
- Coke Industry (AREA)
- Muffle Furnaces And Rotary Kilns (AREA)
- Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
Abstract
Description
La présente invention concerne le domaine du traitement thermique de matériaux solides, et plus particulièrement des fours de pyrolyse (ou thermolyse) destinés à traiter des solides tels que des déchets industriels et/ou ménagers.The present invention relates to the field of heat treatment of solid materials, and more particularly pyrolysis (or thermolysis) furnaces intended to treat solids such as industrial and / or household waste.
La plupart des fours ou installations connus sont constitués d'un four, fixe ou tournant, équipé de moyens de chauffage la plupart du temps situés à l'extérieur du four.Most known ovens or installations consist of an oven, fixed or rotating, equipped with heating means mostly located outside the oven.
La demande de brevet français FR 2 668 774 décrit un four cylindrique qui tourne autour d'un axe horizontal et qui est chauffé par des brûleurs situés dans un espace annulaire autour du four.French
Ce type d'installation se révèle à l'usage gros consommateur d'énergie puisqu'il est nécessaire de porter à des température allant jusqu'à 800°C une masse très importante de solides.This type of installation proves to be a major energy consumer since it is necessary to bring to temperatures up to 800 ° C a very large mass of solids.
La présente invention vise à améliorer notamment mais non exclusivement ce type de four tournant, en diminuant essentiellement les besoins énergétiques, les coûts, et en simplifiant la conception générale de l'installation.The present invention aims to improve in particular but not exclusively this type of rotary kiln, by essentially reducing energy needs, costs, and by simplifying the general design of the installation.
De façon spécifique, la présente invention permet une auto-épuration des gaz de pyrolyse, comme il sera expliqué plus loin.Specifically, the present invention allows self-purification of the pyrolysis gases, as will be explained below.
La présente invention permet avantageusement de traiter des déchets de nature et d'humidité très variables.The present invention advantageously makes it possible to treat waste of very variable nature and humidity.
Une souplesse et une modularité dans le fonctionnement sont en outre obtenues selon l'invention.Flexibility and modularity in operation are also obtained according to the invention.
Pour atteindre les buts et avantages énoncés ci-dessus, la présente invention a pour objet une installation destinée à la pyrolyse de solides comprenant un four tournant à l'intérieur duquel est réalisée la pyrolyse et un moyen de chauffage du four tournant.To achieve the aims and advantages set out above, the present invention relates to an installation intended for the pyrolysis of solids comprising a rotary kiln inside which the pyrolysis is carried out and a means for heating the rotary kiln.
Selon l'invention, l'installation comprend en outre un moyen de préchauffage des solides disposé en amont dudit four, ledit moyen comprend au moins deux zones dans lesquelles les solides sont préchauffés à des températures différentes, et un dispositif d'extraction des gaz dans lequel les gaz de pyrolyse sont amenés après avoir traversé l'une au moins desdites zones de préchauffage, une liaison étanche étant par ailleurs prévue entre ledit four tournant et ledit moyen de préchauffageAccording to the invention, the installation further comprises a means for preheating the solids disposed upstream of said furnace, said means comprises at least two zones in which the solids are preheated to different temperatures, and a device for extracting the gases in which the pyrolysis gases are brought after having passed through at least one of said zones of preheating, a sealed connection being also provided between said rotary kiln and said preheating means
Avantageusement, l'installation comprend en outre un moyen destiné à régler individuellement la température dans chaque zone de préchauffage et dans ledit four tournant.Advantageously, the installation further comprises means intended to individually regulate the temperature in each preheating zone and in said rotary oven.
Préférentiellement, la température à l'intérieur dudit moyen de préchauffage est réglée de façon à être toujours inférieure à une température donnée T₀.Preferably, the temperature inside said preheating means is adjusted so as to always be lower than a given temperature T₀.
Sans sortir du cadre de l'invention, le dispositif d'extraction des gaz de pyrolyse est disposé entre deux zones de préchauffage, relativement au sens de propagation des solides dans l'installation.Without departing from the scope of the invention, the device for extracting the pyrolysis gases is disposed between two preheating zones, relative to the direction of propagation of the solids in the installation.
Selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention, le dispositif d'extraction permet en outre la séparation et/ou l'évacuation de certains solides.According to one embodiment of the invention, the extraction device also allows the separation and / or the evacuation of certain solids.
Plus précisément, le moyen de préchauffage peut être tubulaire, d'axe sensiblement horizontal et comporter à son extrémité associée à la liaison avec le four, un rétrécissement.More specifically, the preheating means can be tubular, of substantially horizontal axis and include at its end associated with the connection with the furnace, a narrowing.
L'installation selon l'invention peut en outre comprendre un moyen placé en amont dudit four tournant, destiné à injecter un élément basique dans les solides.The installation according to the invention may also comprise means placed upstream of said rotary kiln, intended for injecting a basic element into the solids.
Conformément à l'invention, un dispositif destiné à évacuer les gaz de pyrolyse en cas d'urgence peut aussi être prévu.According to the invention, a device intended to evacuate the pyrolysis gases in the event of an emergency can also be provided.
La présente invention vise en outre le procédé de pyrolyse associé à l'installation.The present invention further relates to the pyrolysis process associated with the installation.
L'application à la pyrolyse de déchets industriels et/ou ménagers est plus particulièrement visée par l'invention.The application to the pyrolysis of industrial and / or household waste is more particularly targeted by the invention.
D'autres caractéristiques, avantages et améliorations apparaîtront à la lecture de la description qui va suivre, faite à titre illustratif et nullement limitatif d'un mode de réalisation de l'invention, en référence à l'unique figure annexée.Other characteristics, advantages and improvements will appear on reading the description which follows, given by way of illustration and in no way limiting, of an embodiment of the invention, with reference to the single appended figure.
Cette figure montre en effet schématiquement, par une coupe longitudinale, une installation selon l'invention.This figure indeed shows schematically, by a longitudinal section, an installation according to the invention.
L'installation comprend une partie tournante 1, précédée d'un moyen de préchauffage des déchets, de forme allongée et sensiblement cylindrique 2, ledit moyen 2 étant alimenté en déchets à partir d'une trémie 3 via une ligne de transfert 4.The installation comprises a rotating part 1, preceded by a means of preheating the waste, of elongated shape and substantially cylindrical 2, said
Les déchets issus de la trémie 3 sont dosés, compactés puis poussés dans la ligne de transfert 4 par un poussoir 5 ou tout autre dispositif connu de l'homme de l'art pouvant assurer la même fonction.The waste from the hopper 3 is dosed, compacted and then pushed into the transfer line 4 by a
Les déchets entrent dans une première zone 2a du moyen de préchauffage 2. Le chauffage des déchets peut y être assuré de manière indirecte par une enveloppe chauffante 6a balayée par un fluide chaud apporté par une ligne 7a ou par la combustion d'un combustible approprié à l'intérieur de ladite enveloppe.The waste enters a
La première zone 2a du moyen de préchauffage sert à éliminer une bonne partie de l'humidité contenue dans les déchets, et à les préchauffer jusqu'à une température comprise entre 50 et 150°C, et de préférence entre 60 et 90°C.The
Préférentiellement la température des déchets en sortie de la zone 2a est mesurée à l'aide d'une sonde 8a, et l'information obtenue sert à réguler l'apport thermique à l'enveloppe de chauffage 6a.Preferably, the temperature of the waste leaving the
Le chauffage des déchets se poursuit ensuite dans une deuxième zone 2b du moyen de préchauffage 2 selon un processus sensiblement équivalent à celui de la première zone 2a, c'est-à-dire avec une enveloppe chauffante 6b alimentée en fluide chaud par une ligne 7b. Dans la deuxième zone 2b, l'humidité restant après la première zone 2a est éliminée, et les déchets sont portés à une température comprise entre 100 et 500°C, de préférence entre 140 et 200°C.The heating of the waste then continues in a
La température en sortie de la deuxième zone 2b est avantageusement contrôlée au moyen d'une sonde 8b et l'information obtenue sert à réguler le moyen de chauffage 6b.The temperature at the outlet of the
L'extrémité 9 de la deuxième zone de préchauffage 2b est connectée à la partie tournante 1 par l'intermédiaire d'un joint d'étanchéité 10. L'extrémité 9 peut être munie d'un rétrécissement 11, destiné à maintenir un écoulement de déchets compact à l'intérieur de la ligne de transfert 4 et dans la tubulure de préchauffage 2.The
Entre les zones 2a et 2b, au niveau d'une zone référencée 2c se trouve un dispositif d'extraction de gaz 12, a priori non chauffé, mais isolé thermiquement.Between
Ce dispositif d'extraction 12 reçoit la vapeur d'eau produite par les déchets dans les parties 2a et 2b et les gaz de pyrolyse produits dans le cylindre tournant 1, après que ceux-ci aient traversé à contre-courant le lit de déchets présent dans la zone 2b.This
Pour assurer cette fonction le dispositif d'extraction 12 comporte des moyens 13 comme des surfaces poreuses, des orifices, des grilles, ou encore tout autre moyen équivalent, permettant le passage des gaz de la partie 2c de la tubulure de préchauffage vers ledit dispositif d'extraction, sans entrainer de quantités notables de matières solides.To perform this function, the
Les gaz de pyrolyse et la vapeur d'eau sont ensuite évacués du dispositif 12, au moyen d'une ligne 14, tandis que les éventuels solides accompagnant les gaz, peuvent être séparés des gaz par sédimentation dans le dispositif 12 ou par tout autre moyen connu de l'homme de l'art, puis évacués par une ligne 15.The pyrolysis gases and the water vapor are then evacuated from the
Après avoir quitté le moyen de préchauffage 2, les déchets tombent gravitairement dans le cylindre tournant 1 pour y constituer un lit 20. Le cylindre tournant 1 est plus ou moins incliné, en fonction de l'inventaire et du débit de solides souhaité.After leaving the preheating means 2, the waste falls by gravity into the rotating cylinder 1 to form a
Ce cylindre tournant 1 peut être chauffé par des moyens placés à l'extérieur comme des brûleurs utilisant par exemple des gaz de pyrolyse, ou par des moyens 21 placés directement à l'intérieur du cylindre tournant comme illustré sur l'unique figure annexée. Dans ce cas, les moyens de chauffage 21, montés sur une partie fixe 22 peuvent être constitués par exemple, par un faisceau tubulaire dans lequel on réalise une combustion d'un combustible comme du gaz naturel ou des gaz de pyrolyse débarrassés de l'essentiel des goudrons et des particules. Le faisceau tubulaire peut aussi être alimenté avec un fluide chaud obtenu par exemple par chauffage d'air dans la chaudière qui brûle les gaz de pyrolyse. La partie fixe 22 est connectée à la partie tournante 1 par l'intermédiaire d'un joint 23 qui assure une étanchéité aux gaz parfaite entre l'ambiance régnant dans ledit cylindre 1 et l'extérieur.This rotating cylinder 1 can be heated by means placed outside such as burners using for example pyrolysis gases, or by
Avantageusement, la partie fixe 22 peut être équipée d'un dispositif 24 destiné à l'évacuation d'urgence des gaz de pyrolyse, au cas où l'écoulement des gaz de pyrolyse serait fortement freiné ou bien ne pourrait plus se faire dans la tubulure 2b ou encore dans le dispositif d'extraction 12.Advantageously, the
Dans le cylindre tournant 1, les déchets sont traités à des températures comprises entre 150 et 900°C, et de préférence entre 400 et 600°C. Les déchets progressent depuis l'entrée la vers la partie fixe 22. La phase solide résultante est concentrée dans la partie 22a, puis évacuée par une ligne 25.In the rotating cylinder 1, the waste is treated at temperatures between 150 and 900 ° C, and preferably between 400 and 600 ° C. The waste progresses from the entrance to the
Une trémie 26 destinée à injecter un élément basique (absorbant) dans les déchets peut en outre être montée sur le moyen de préchauffage 2, préférentiellement dans la zone 2a.A
On aura compris que l'intérêt de la tubulure (ou moyen) de préchauffage est de sécher les déchets, puis de les chauffer jusqu'à une température voisine mais inférieure à la température T₀ à partir de laquelle les déchets émettent des substances toxiques comme des produits chlorés, susbtances qu'il faut impérativement piéger dans la phase solide présente dans la partie tournante.It will be understood that the advantage of the preheating tubing (or means) is to dry the waste, then to heat it to a temperature close to but below the temperature T₀ from which the waste emits toxic substances such as chlorinated products, substances that absolutely must be trapped in the solid phase present in the rotating part.
Il est important que la phase gazeuse dans le four tournant 1 soit homogène, et il pourrait être avantageux d'employer des moyens connus de l'homme de l'art pour intensifier la circulation des gaz dans ladite partie tournante et pour améliorer le brassage des gaz et des solides.It is important that the gas phase in the rotary kiln 1 is homogeneous, and it could be advantageous to employ means known to those skilled in the art to intensify the circulation of gases in said rotary part and to improve the mixing of the gases and solids.
Par ailleurs il est important de noter que lorsque les gaz de pyrolyse percolent au travers des déchets dans la partie 2b de la tubulure de préchauffage, ils participent au chauffage des déchets. L'abaissement de la température des gaz de pyrolyse dans cette partie entraine la condensation des goudrons et le piégeage de certains composés acides comme l'acide chlorhydrique par les substances basiques ajoutées volontairement aux déchets ou qui, plus généralement, accompagnent la plupart des déchets industriels et ménagers. Il se produit aussi une rétention des particules les plus fines dans le lit de déchets. Le résultat de cette phase de "filtration" par le lit de déchets, est un gaz, débarrassé de ses éléments polluants, des goudrons et des poussières, gaz qui peut par exemple être réemployé immédiatement dans le dispositif de chauffage 21.Furthermore, it is important to note that when the pyrolysis gases percolate through waste in
L'originalité du dispositif selon l'invention pourra être illustré par l'exemple suivant :The originality of the device according to the invention can be illustrated by the following example:
On traite des déchets ménagers avec un dispositif identique à celui de la figure ci-annexée. Les déchets sont à 30% d'humidité. Les réglages des trois zones de chauffage sont tels que les températures sont respectivement de 100, 150 et 500°C en sortie des parties 2a, 2b et 1. Lorsque les déchets sont dans la partie 2c, ils ont approximativement perdu 50% de leur humidité. Abstraction faites des pertes thermiques, les apports énergétiques au niveau des dispositifs 6a, 6b et 21 sont respectivement de 0,523, 0,268 et 0,368MJ/kg de déchets traités.Household waste is treated with a device identical to that of the appended figure. The waste is 30% moisture. The settings of the three heating zones are such that the temperatures are respectively 100, 150 and 500 ° C at the outlet of
Dans le cas d'un four tournant classique sans tubulure de préchauffage, les besoins énergétiques seraient de 1,52 MJ/kg de déchets. On note donc, toujours abstraction faite des pertes thermiques, que le système proposé permet un gain énergétique global de 25%, et que la consommation énergétique au niveau de la partie tournante ne représente plus que 25% de ce qu'elle est avec le four tournant traditionnel.In the case of a conventional rotary kiln without preheating pipe, the energy requirements would be 1.52 MJ / kg of waste. It is therefore noted, still excluding thermal losses, that the proposed system allows an overall energy gain of 25%, and that the energy consumption at the rotating part no longer represents more than 25% of what it is with the oven. traditional turning point.
De ce qui précède il ressort que les avantages les plus significatifs du dispositif selon l'invention sont les suivants ;
- une auto-épuration des gaz de pyrolyse par percolation de ceux-ci au travers du lit de déchets 2b présent dans le moyen de préchauffage avec notamment une élimination des goudrons par condensation (ceux-ci peuvent faire quelques aller et retour entre la partie tournante et la tubulure de préchauffage, mais ils finissent par être craqués thermiquement), avec fixation des composés acides résiduels non piégés au niveau de la partie tournante et avec élimination de l'essentiel des fines particules entrainées par le gaz, par filtration au travers du lit de déchets dans la tubulure de préchauffage;
- un abaissement des besoins énergétiques de l'opération grâce à l'utilisation d'une bonne partie de la chaleur sensible des gaz de pyrolyse pour le chauffage des déchets d'une part, et grâce à une diminution sensible de la taille de la partie tournante du dispositif, principale source de pertes thermiques, d'autre part;
- une diminution des coûts et une simplification des problèmes de construction réalisées notamment grâce à une diminution sensible des dimensions du cylindre tournant par rapport aux systèmes traditionnels;
- une possibilité de traiter des déchets de nature et d'humidité très variables grâce à la présence de plusieurs zones de chauffage (2a, 2b, 1) réglées indépendamment les unes des autres.
- self-purification of the pyrolysis gases by percolating them through the
waste bed 2b present in the preheating means with in particular elimination of the tars by condensation (these can go back and forth between the rotating part and the preheating tubing, but they end up being cracked thermally), with fixing of the non-trapped residual acid compounds at the level of the rotating part and with elimination of most of the fine particles entrained by the gas, by filtration through the waste bed in the preheating pipe; - a reduction in the energy needs of the operation thanks to the use of a good part of the sensible heat of the pyrolysis gases for the heating of the waste on the one hand, and thanks to a significant reduction in the size of the rotating part the device, the main source of heat loss, on the other hand;
- a reduction in costs and a simplification of the construction problems achieved in particular thanks to a significant reduction in the dimensions of the rotating cylinder compared to traditional systems;
- a possibility of treating waste of very variable nature and humidity thanks to the presence of several heating zones (2a, 2b, 1) regulated independently of each other.
Claims (11)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9406661 | 1994-05-30 | ||
FR9406661A FR2720479B1 (en) | 1994-05-30 | 1994-05-30 | Method and installation for pyrolysis of waste having a preheating unit. |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP0685550A1 true EP0685550A1 (en) | 1995-12-06 |
EP0685550B1 EP0685550B1 (en) | 1999-08-25 |
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ID=9463736
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP95401176A Expired - Lifetime EP0685550B1 (en) | 1994-05-30 | 1995-05-19 | Process and plant having a preheating unit for the pyrolysis of waste |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5791267A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0685550B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN1105870C (en) |
AT (1) | ATE183769T1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE69511625T2 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2720479B1 (en) |
PL (1) | PL179990B1 (en) |
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FR2937330A1 (en) * | 2008-10-20 | 2010-04-23 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | DEVICE AND METHOD FOR THERMOLYSIS OF A CARBON CHARGE |
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GB2581444B (en) * | 2020-03-31 | 2021-02-24 | Carlton Forest Group Llp | Furnace |
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- 1995-05-19 AT AT95401176T patent/ATE183769T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-05-19 DE DE69511625T patent/DE69511625T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-05-30 US US08/451,266 patent/US5791267A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
PL179990B1 (en) | 2000-11-30 |
ATE183769T1 (en) | 1999-09-15 |
PL308840A1 (en) | 1995-12-11 |
EP0685550B1 (en) | 1999-08-25 |
DE69511625D1 (en) | 1999-09-30 |
CN1113309A (en) | 1995-12-13 |
US5791267A (en) | 1998-08-11 |
CN1105870C (en) | 2003-04-16 |
FR2720479B1 (en) | 1996-07-12 |
FR2720479A1 (en) | 1995-12-01 |
DE69511625T2 (en) | 1999-12-09 |
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