WO2010046547A1 - Device and method for the thermolysis of a carbon feedstock - Google Patents

Device and method for the thermolysis of a carbon feedstock Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2010046547A1
WO2010046547A1 PCT/FR2009/001148 FR2009001148W WO2010046547A1 WO 2010046547 A1 WO2010046547 A1 WO 2010046547A1 FR 2009001148 W FR2009001148 W FR 2009001148W WO 2010046547 A1 WO2010046547 A1 WO 2010046547A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
thermolysis
feedstock
introduction
rehumidification
waste
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FR2009/001148
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Tidjani Niass
Fabrice Giroudiere
Willi Nastoll
Patrick Jamet
Original Assignee
Ifp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ifp filed Critical Ifp
Publication of WO2010046547A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010046547A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B47/00—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials with indirect heating, e.g. by external combustion
    • C10B47/28—Other processes
    • C10B47/30—Other processes in rotary ovens or retorts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B57/00—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general
    • C10B57/08—Non-mechanical pretreatment of the charge, e.g. desulfurization
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B57/00—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general
    • C10B57/08—Non-mechanical pretreatment of the charge, e.g. desulfurization
    • C10B57/10—Drying
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
    • F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
    • F23G5/0276—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage using direct heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
    • F23G5/04—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment drying
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
    • F23G5/442—Waste feed arrangements
    • F23G5/444—Waste feed arrangements for solid waste
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
    • F23G2201/30—Pyrolysing

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of thermolysis, and more particularly to a method and the associated device for maintaining the temperature of the feedstock to be treated by thermolysis in the remoistening agent in order to avoid problems during the shutdown phases of the unit. thermolysis.
  • Thermal treatment is a way of recovering solid carbonaceous loads such as household garbage, car shredder residues, used tires, ordinary industrial waste, green waste or any other biomass.
  • An example of known heat treatment is the pyrolysis or thermolysis of household waste or other. This process allows the decomposition of the waste under the effect of the temperature, without supply of oxygen, into a combustible gas phase and a solid phase also combustible. The two fuels obtained are then valorized, in particular in the form of energy and recyclable material. To heat the carbonaceous charges to be decomposed, energy has to be transferred through an exchange surface.
  • One of the difficulties in these equipment treating solids and confining combustible atmospheres is to keep the solid waste introduction device watertight.
  • One known means for the introduction of waste into the thermolysis furnace is the introduction press operating with a piston which regularly generates compact bales, the carbonaceous load to be treated, which advance in a channel inward introduction of the heat treatment equipment. These bundles themselves create, in the channel of introduction of the press, the seal which prevents the outside air from entering the equipment.
  • the press introduction channel is deliberately kept full of bales so as to maintain the required seal as long as the atmosphere inside the equipment is not not purged of combustible gases. Once the combustible atmosphere is purged, the press introduction channel can be emptied because sealing with the outside air is no longer necessary.
  • the second problem is directly related to the presence of combustion in the press introduction channel. Indeed, the rise in temperature in the introduction channel created by the combustion generates significant deformations. As a result, the piston used to create and push the bales in the press channel can no longer slide. The introduction channel of the press is then no longer usable without heavy and expensive repair.
  • a first conventional solution which avoids the deformation of mechanical part under the effect of temperature, is the circulation of cooling water in a liner.
  • This solution is not easy to implement because it complicates the geometry of the channel (double lining) and increases investments since it also requires a cooling pump and heat exchangers annex to evacuate the calories captured.
  • this solution does not address the first problem which is the loss of seal between the inside and the outside of the heat treatment equipment with the associated risks of explosion.
  • the present invention therefore aims to maintain the seal at the device or the step of introduction of solid waste during shutdown phases, and especially before the atmosphere is purged of fuel gases by proposing a process, and the associated device, to maintain the waste temperature constant by re-wetting regularly the load of waste to be treated.
  • the waste thus keeps their moisture, they no longer contract, the seal is maintained between the inside and the outside and the load does not ignite. The risk of fire being removed, there is no more deformation of the press introduction channel during the shutdown phases.
  • the present invention proposes a device for thermolysis of a carbonaceous feedstock comprising at least means for drying the feedstock to be treated and means for introducing the feedstock into thermolysis means, and comprising means for rehumidifying the feedstock. charge which is arranged in the introduction means.
  • the rehumidification means are formed by at least one moistening fluid addition element.
  • the rehumidification means are formed by at least five moistening fluid addition elements.
  • the moistening fluid addition elements are injectors.
  • the rehumidification means are disposed on the outer surface of the introduction channel.
  • the moistening fluid is water.
  • the invention also relates to a process for the thermolysis of a carbonaceous feedstock comprising at least one step of drying the feedstock followed by a feedstock introduction step in thermolysis and a thermolysis step, comprising rehumidification of the feedstock during of said introducing step.
  • the rehumidification of the charge consists in adding a humidifying fluid in or around the charge to be treated.
  • the addition of moistening fluid is done by spraying, injection, nebulization or vaporization.
  • a decrease in the temperature is achieved by humidification of the charge during the introduction step.
  • the moistening fluid is water.
  • carbonaceous filler refers to any type of filler formed by household refuse, automobile grinding residues, used tires, ordinary industrial waste, green waste or any other biomass and also the loads. hydrocarbon.
  • the carbonaceous feed to be milled is dried, for example by a rotary drier with direct contact with hot air, to reduce its moisture below 10% by weight.
  • the reduction of the moisture content of the feedstock to be treated subsequently facilitates its thermolysis.
  • the waste (1) to be treated obtained at the outlet of the dryer is fed for example through a hopper (2) into a press (6, 7) which will feed the thermolysis means. (4, 5) where the thermolysis reaction takes place.
  • the thermolysis means are formed by a first tube (4) in which the charge to be treated is introduced and a second tube (5), surrounding the first tube (4) and thus forming a double envelope, in which circulates hot fumes that will allow the thermolysis reaction in the first tube (4).
  • This oven is fed with carbon feedstock by a press.
  • This press is formed by a channel (6) for introducing the charge disposed in the axis of the thermolysis furnace. Inside this channel (6) is a piston (7) which serves to compress the waste (1) to form bales (8) and which serves to advance the bales (8) to the thermolysis furnace .
  • the invention is explained with a piston but any other means known to those skilled in the art and having the same function can be used.
  • bale (8) here means groups of waste (1) dried and slightly packed.
  • the device according to the invention provides rehumidification means (9) for the bales (8) to be treated.
  • These rehumidification means (9) are arranged so as to add water or other equivalent moistening fluid directly on the bales (8) to be treated.
  • These rehumidification means (9) can therefore be arranged on the outer face of the waste introduction channel (6).
  • the addition of water is through the wall of the introduction channel (6) via for example one or more taps.
  • the addition can be done in several ways, but preferably from above the bales so that the introduced water flows by gravity over the entire thickness of the bales to allow a good rehumidification thereof.
  • the addition technique used may be spraying, spraying, nebulization or injection.
  • the means for adding the fluid may consist of at least one moistening fluid addition element disposed on the outer wall of the waste introduction channel.
  • the fluid addition means consist of 1 to 10 fluid addition elements, and very preferably 1 to 5 fluid addition elements. These injector type elements are connected to a water supply which allows to regularly remoist the bales (8).
  • the device may comprise a humidity sensor for measuring in real time the moisture content of the bales. This measurement thus makes it possible, by comparison with reference values, to determine whether the bundles need to be remoistened.
  • the sensor can also be a temperature sensor. In this case, the operation is identical to that of the humidity sensor.
  • the moistening fluid has a sufficiently low temperature, preferably less than 80 0 C, and very preferably less than 50 0 C, to cool the bales and prevent combustion.
  • the introduction of the humidifying fluid on the hot waste causes a partial vaporization of the fluid which has the advantage of occupying the free spaces between the solid waste and thus to prevent the entry of oxygen.
  • steam is generated, which inerts the medium and avoids the combustion of waste present in the introduction device.
  • the device may also comprise means for automatically controlling the humidity and / or temperature for controlling the addition of moistening fluid automatically when the humidity level and / or the temperature measured is not in agreement with the values reference.
  • the waste (1) is compressed by the piston (7) which also advances them to the thermolysis furnace (4, 5).
  • the waste in the form of bundle (8) are regularly remoistened by the remoistening means (9), either automatically or manually. This rehumidification is mainly performed when the unit of thermolysis must be stopped. Indeed, in this case the bales (8) remain for some time in the channel (6) which causes their dehydration and increases their temperature.
  • the device and method according to the invention thus make it possible to avoid the problems related to this dehydration and temperature increase.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a device for the thermolysis of a carbon feedstock, said device including at least drying means for the feedstock to be processed (1) and means (6, 7) for feeding the feedstock into the thermolysis means (4, 5) and including remoistening means (9) for the feedstock (8) placed in the feeding means. The remoistening means (9) are formed by at least one element for adding a remoistening fluid. The invention also relates to means implementing said method.

Description

DISPOSITIF ET PROCEDE DE THERMOLYSE D'UNE CHARGE CARBONEE DEVICE AND METHOD FOR THERMOLYSIS OF A CARBON CHARGE
La présente invention concerne le domaine de la thermolyse, et plus particulièrement un procédé et le dispositif associé permettant de maintenir la température de la charge à traiter par thermolyse en Ia réhumidifiant afin d'éviter les problèmes lors des phases d'arrêts de l'unité de thermolyse.The present invention relates to the field of thermolysis, and more particularly to a method and the associated device for maintaining the temperature of the feedstock to be treated by thermolysis in the remoistening agent in order to avoid problems during the shutdown phases of the unit. thermolysis.
Le traitement thermique est une voie de valorisation des charges carbonées solides telles que les ordures ménagères, les déchets de résidus de broyage automobile, les pneus usagés, les déchets industriels banals, les déchets verts ou tout autre biomasse. Un exemple de traitement thermique connu est la pyrolyse ou thermolyse des déchets ménagers ou autres. Ce procédé permet la décomposition du déchet sous l'effet de la température, sans apport d'oxygène, en une phase gazeuse combustible et une phase solide également combustible. Les deux combustibles obtenus sont alors valorisâmes notamment sous forme d'énergie et de matière recyclable. Pour chauffer les charges carbonées à décomposer, il faut transférer de l'énergie au travers d'une surface d'échange. Un équipement connu pour chauffer par échange thermique des solides plus ou moins hétérogènes est le four tournant avec une double enveloppe dans laquelle circule des fumées chaudes qui apportent les calories nécessaires au traitement thermique. Il n'y a bien sûr pas de mélange entre l'intérieur du tube tournant et la double enveloppe située à l'extérieur du tube. De même, l'intérieur du tube étant généralement sous atmosphère de gaz combustibles issus de la décomposition de la charge carbonée, l'équipement est conçu de manière à minimiser les fuites. L'intérieur du tube du four est généralement maintenu en légère dépression de manière à ce que les fuites résiduelles soient de l'extérieur vers l'intérieur afin d'éviter toute fuite des gaz combustibles vers l'extérieur de l'équipement. On peut notamment citer le brevet FR 2 654 112 qui décrit une telle technique.Thermal treatment is a way of recovering solid carbonaceous loads such as household garbage, car shredder residues, used tires, ordinary industrial waste, green waste or any other biomass. An example of known heat treatment is the pyrolysis or thermolysis of household waste or other. This process allows the decomposition of the waste under the effect of the temperature, without supply of oxygen, into a combustible gas phase and a solid phase also combustible. The two fuels obtained are then valorized, in particular in the form of energy and recyclable material. To heat the carbonaceous charges to be decomposed, energy has to be transferred through an exchange surface. Known equipment for heating by heat exchange of more or less heterogeneous solids is the furnace rotating with a double jacket in which circulates hot fumes which provide the calories necessary for the heat treatment. There is of course no mixing between the inside of the rotating tube and the jacket located outside the tube. Similarly, since the inside of the tube is generally in the atmosphere of combustible gases resulting from the decomposition of the carbonaceous feedstock, the equipment is designed to minimize leakage. The inside of the furnace tube is usually held in a slight depression so that residual leaks are from the outside to the inside to prevent fuel gas from escaping to the outside of the equipment. We can notably cite the patent FR 2,654,112 which describes such a technique.
Une des difficultés dans ces équipements traitant des solides et confinant des atmosphères combustibles est de garder étanche le dispositif d'introduction des déchets solides. Un moyen connu pour l'introduction des déchets dans le four de thermolyse est la presse d'introduction fonctionnant avec un piston qui génère régulièrement des ballots compacts, de la charge carbonée à traiter, lesquels avancent dans un canal d'introduction vers l'intérieur de l'équipement de traitement thermique. Ces ballots créent eux-mêmes, dans le canal d'introduction de la presse, l'étanchéité qui empêche l'air atmosphérique extérieur de pénétrer dans l'équipement. Ainsi, lors d'un arrêt de l'installation, le canal d'introduction de la presse est volontairement maintenu plein de ballots de manière à garder l'étanchéité requise tant que l'atmosphère à l'intérieur de l'équipement n'est pas purgée des gaz combustibles. Une fois que l'atmosphère combustible est purgée, le canal d'introduction de la presse peut être vidée car l'étanchéité avec l'air extérieur n'est plus nécessaire.One of the difficulties in these equipment treating solids and confining combustible atmospheres is to keep the solid waste introduction device watertight. One known means for the introduction of waste into the thermolysis furnace is the introduction press operating with a piston which regularly generates compact bales, the carbonaceous load to be treated, which advance in a channel inward introduction of the heat treatment equipment. These bundles themselves create, in the channel of introduction of the press, the seal which prevents the outside air from entering the equipment. Thus, during a shutdown of the installation, the press introduction channel is deliberately kept full of bales so as to maintain the required seal as long as the atmosphere inside the equipment is not not purged of combustible gases. Once the combustible atmosphere is purged, the press introduction channel can be emptied because sealing with the outside air is no longer necessary.
Or lors des phases d'arrêt, les charges carbonées présentes dans le canal d'introduction se débarrassent progressivement de leur humidité et commencent leur décomposition thermique. Il en résulte une diminution de leur volume. Cette contraction du volume occupé par les charges carbonées présentes dans le canal d'introduction de la presse fait perdre aux ballots leur rôle de bouchon d'étanchéité. Un passage d'air dans le canal est alors possible. Les déchets du canal qui sortent d'une unité de séchage, sont donc chauds et s'enflamment au contact de l'air s'introduisant dans le canal qui n'est plus étanche. La combustion initiée engendre une réduction encore plus grande du volume des ballots et l'air rentre encore plus facilement. Une telle fuite d'air dans l'équipement de traitement thermique pose un premier problème quant à la sécurité du système. En effet, si l'air introduit se mélange avec les gaz combustibles présents dans l'équipement, un mélange explosif est créé. Le deuxième problème est directement lié à la présence de combustion dans le canal d'introduction de la presse. En effet l'élévation de température dans le canal d'introduction créée par la combustion engendre des déformations importantes. En conséquence, le piston qui sert à créer et pousser les ballots dans le canal de la presse ne peut plus coulisser. Le canal d'introduction de la presse n'est alors plus utilisable sans réparation lourde et coûteuse.However, during the shutdown phases, the carbonaceous charges present in the introduction channel gradually get rid of their moisture and begin their thermal decomposition. This results in a decrease in their volume. This contraction of the volume occupied by the carbonaceous charges present in the feed channel of the press causes the bales to lose their role as sealing plugs. An air passage in the channel is then possible. The channel waste coming out of a drying unit is therefore hot and ignites on contact with the air entering the canal which is no longer sealed. Initiated combustion results in an even greater reduction in the volume of the bales and the air returns even more easily. Such an air leak in the heat treatment equipment poses a first problem with regard to the safety of the system. Indeed, if the introduced air mixes with the combustible gases present in the equipment, an explosive mixture is created. The second problem is directly related to the presence of combustion in the press introduction channel. Indeed, the rise in temperature in the introduction channel created by the combustion generates significant deformations. As a result, the piston used to create and push the bales in the press channel can no longer slide. The introduction channel of the press is then no longer usable without heavy and expensive repair.
Pour palier aux problèmes décrits ci-dessus, une première solution classique, qui permet d'éviter Ia déformation de pièce mécanique sous l'effet de la température, est la circulation d'eau de refroidissement dans un chemisage. Cette solution n'est pas facile à mettre en place car elle complique la géométrie du canal (double chemisage) et alourdit les investissements puisque qu'il faut également une pompe de refroidissement et des échangeurs de chaleur annexe pour évacuer les calories captées. Par ailleurs, cette solution ne répond pas au premier problème qui est la perte d'étanchéité entre l'intérieur et l'extérieur de l'équipement de traitement thermique avec les risques d'explosion associés.To overcome the problems described above, a first conventional solution, which avoids the deformation of mechanical part under the effect of temperature, is the circulation of cooling water in a liner. This solution is not easy to implement because it complicates the geometry of the channel (double lining) and increases investments since it also requires a cooling pump and heat exchangers annex to evacuate the calories captured. Moreover, this solution does not address the first problem which is the loss of seal between the inside and the outside of the heat treatment equipment with the associated risks of explosion.
La présente invention a donc pour objet de maintenir l'étanchéité au niveau du dispositif ou de l'étape d'introduction des déchets solides lors des phases d'arrêt, et notamment avant que l'atmosphère ne soit purgée des gaz combustibles en proposant un procédé, et le dispositif associé, permettant de maintenir la température des déchets constante en réhumidifiant régulièrement la charge de déchets à traiter. Les déchets gardent ainsi leur humidité, ils ne se contractent plus, l'étanchéité est maintenue entre l'intérieur et l'extérieur et la charge ne s'enflamment pas. Les risques d'incendie étant écartés, il n'y a plus de déformation du canal d'introduction de la presse pendant les phases d'arrêt.The present invention therefore aims to maintain the seal at the device or the step of introduction of solid waste during shutdown phases, and especially before the atmosphere is purged of fuel gases by proposing a process, and the associated device, to maintain the waste temperature constant by re-wetting regularly the load of waste to be treated. The waste thus keeps their moisture, they no longer contract, the seal is maintained between the inside and the outside and the load does not ignite. The risk of fire being removed, there is no more deformation of the press introduction channel during the shutdown phases.
Pour cela la présente invention propose un dispositif de thermolyse d'une charge carbonée comprenant au moins des moyens de séchage de la charge à traiter et des moyens d'introduction de la charge dans des moyens de thermolyse, et comprenant des moyens de réhumidification de la charge qui est disposée dans les moyens d'introduction.For this purpose, the present invention proposes a device for thermolysis of a carbonaceous feedstock comprising at least means for drying the feedstock to be treated and means for introducing the feedstock into thermolysis means, and comprising means for rehumidifying the feedstock. charge which is arranged in the introduction means.
Selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention les moyens de réhumidification sont formées par au moins un élément d'adjonction de fluide humidifiant.According to one embodiment of the invention the rehumidification means are formed by at least one moistening fluid addition element.
Selon un autre mode de réalisation de l'invention les moyens de réhumidification sont formées par au moins cinq éléments d'adjonction de fluide humidifiant.According to another embodiment of the invention the rehumidification means are formed by at least five moistening fluid addition elements.
Selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention lequel les éléments d'adjonction de fluide humidifiant sont des injecteurs.According to one embodiment of the invention, the moistening fluid addition elements are injectors.
Selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention les moyens de réhumidification sont disposés sur la surface externe du canal d'introduction. Selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention le fluide humidifiant est de l'eau.According to one embodiment of the invention the rehumidification means are disposed on the outer surface of the introduction channel. According to one embodiment of the invention the moistening fluid is water.
L'invention concerne également un procédé de thermolyse d'une charge carbonée comprenant au moins une étape de séchage de la charge suivie d'une étape d'introduction de la charge en thermolyse et une étape de thermolyse, comprenant une réhumidification de la charge lors de ladite étape d'introduction. Selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention la réhumidification de la charge consiste à ajouter un fluide humidifiant dans ou autour de la charge à traiter.The invention also relates to a process for the thermolysis of a carbonaceous feedstock comprising at least one step of drying the feedstock followed by a feedstock introduction step in thermolysis and a thermolysis step, comprising rehumidification of the feedstock during of said introducing step. According to one embodiment of the invention the rehumidification of the charge consists in adding a humidifying fluid in or around the charge to be treated.
Selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention l'adjonction de fluide humidifiant se fait par pulvérisation, injection, nébulisation ou vaporisation. Selon un mode de réalisation du procédé de thermolyse selon l'invention il est réalisé une diminution de la température par humidification de la charge lors de l'étape d'introduction.According to one embodiment of the invention the addition of moistening fluid is done by spraying, injection, nebulization or vaporization. According to one embodiment of the thermolysis process according to the invention, a decrease in the temperature is achieved by humidification of the charge during the introduction step.
Selon un mode de réalisation du procédé de thermolyse selon l'invention le fluide humidifiant est de l'eau.According to one embodiment of the thermolysis process according to the invention the moistening fluid is water.
D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention seront mieux compris et apparaîtront plus clairement à la lecture de la description faite, ci-après, en se référant à la figure annexée et données à titre d'exemple, à partir de laquelle le procédé sera décrit, et qui représente un mode de réalisation du dispositif selon l'invention. Dans la suite de la description l'expression charge carbonée concerne tout type de charge formée par les ordures ménagères, les déchets de résidus de broyage automobile, les pneus usagés, les déchets industriels banals, les déchets verts ou tout autre biomasse et également les charges hydrocarbonées.Other features and advantages of the invention will be better understood and will appear more clearly on reading the description given hereinafter with reference to the appended FIGURE and given by way of example, from which the method will be described, and which represents an embodiment of the device according to the invention. In the remainder of the description, the term "carbonaceous filler" refers to any type of filler formed by household refuse, automobile grinding residues, used tires, ordinary industrial waste, green waste or any other biomass and also the loads. hydrocarbon.
Dans le procédé de thermolyse, la charge carbonée à traiter broyée est séchée par exemple par un sécheur rotatif à contact direct avec de l'air chaud, pour réduire son humidité en dessous de 10 % poids. La réduction du taux d'humidité de la charge à traiter facilite par la suite sa thermolyse. Mais il est nécessaire pour maintenir l'étanchéité du système d'introduction des déchets (détaillé plus loin dans le texte) dans le four de thermolyse de ne pas sécher davantage et encore moins de ne pas commencer les réactions de thermolyse dans le système d'introduction. Comme illustré sur la figure 1 , les déchets (1 ) à traiter obtenus à la sortie du sécheur sont amenés à l'aide par exemple d'une trémie (2) dans une presse (6, 7) qui va alimenter les moyens de thermolyse (4, 5) où se déroule la réaction de thermolyse. Les moyens de thermolyse sont formés par un premier tube (4) dans lequel est introduite la charge à traiter et un second tube (5), entourant le premier tube (4) et formant ainsi une double enveloppe, dans laquelle circule des fumées chaudes qui vont permettre la réaction de thermolyse dans le premier tube (4). Ce four est donc alimenté en charge carbonée par une presse. Cette presse est formée par un canal (6) d'introduction de la charge disposé dans l'axe du four de thermolyse. A l'intérieur de ce canal (6) est disposé un piston (7) qui sert à comprimer les déchets (1 ) pour former des ballots (8) et qui sert à faire avancer les ballots (8) jusqu'au four de thermolyse. L'invention est expliquée avec un piston mais tout autre moyens connus de l'homme du métier et ayant la même fonction peut être utilisés. Le terme ballot (8) signifie ici des groupements de déchets (1) séchés et légèrement tassés. Pour éviter que les ballots (8) ne se dessèchent ou se décomposent par thermolyse dans le système d'introduction des déchets, le dispositif selon l'invention prévoit des moyens de réhumidification (9) des ballots (8) de charge à traiter. Ces moyens de réhumidification (9) sont disposés de façon à pouvoir ajouter de l'eau ou tout autre fluide humidifiant équivalent directement sur les ballots (8) de charge à traiter. Ces moyens de réhumidification (9) peuvent donc être disposés sur la face externe du canal d'introduction (6) des déchets. L'adjonction d'eau se fait à travers la paroi du canal d'introduction (6) par l'intermédiaire par exemple d'un ou plusieurs piquages. L'adjonction peut se faire de plusieurs façons, mais de préférence par le dessus des ballots de façon à ce que l'eau introduite coule par gravité sur toute l'épaisseur des ballots pour permettre une bonne réhumidification de ceux-ci. La technique d'adjonction utilisée peut être la pulvérisation, la vaporisation, la nébulisation ou l'injection.In the thermolysis process, the carbonaceous feed to be milled is dried, for example by a rotary drier with direct contact with hot air, to reduce its moisture below 10% by weight. The reduction of the moisture content of the feedstock to be treated subsequently facilitates its thermolysis. But it is necessary to maintain the tightness of the waste introduction system (detailed later in the text) in the thermolysis furnace not to dry further and even less not to start the thermolysis reactions in the system. introduction. As illustrated in FIG. 1, the waste (1) to be treated obtained at the outlet of the dryer is fed for example through a hopper (2) into a press (6, 7) which will feed the thermolysis means. (4, 5) where the thermolysis reaction takes place. The thermolysis means are formed by a first tube (4) in which the charge to be treated is introduced and a second tube (5), surrounding the first tube (4) and thus forming a double envelope, in which circulates hot fumes that will allow the thermolysis reaction in the first tube (4). This oven is fed with carbon feedstock by a press. This press is formed by a channel (6) for introducing the charge disposed in the axis of the thermolysis furnace. Inside this channel (6) is a piston (7) which serves to compress the waste (1) to form bales (8) and which serves to advance the bales (8) to the thermolysis furnace . The invention is explained with a piston but any other means known to those skilled in the art and having the same function can be used. The term bale (8) here means groups of waste (1) dried and slightly packed. In order to prevent the bundles (8) from drying out or decomposing by thermolysis in the waste introduction system, the device according to the invention provides rehumidification means (9) for the bales (8) to be treated. These rehumidification means (9) are arranged so as to add water or other equivalent moistening fluid directly on the bales (8) to be treated. These rehumidification means (9) can therefore be arranged on the outer face of the waste introduction channel (6). The addition of water is through the wall of the introduction channel (6) via for example one or more taps. The addition can be done in several ways, but preferably from above the bales so that the introduced water flows by gravity over the entire thickness of the bales to allow a good rehumidification thereof. The addition technique used may be spraying, spraying, nebulization or injection.
Les moyens d'adjonction du fluide peuvent être constitués d'au moins un élément d'adjonction de fluide humidifiant disposé sur la paroi externe du canal d'introduction des déchets. De préférence les moyens d'adjonction de fluide sont constitués de 1 à 10 éléments d'adjonction de fluide, et de manière très préférée de 1 à 5 éléments d'adjonction de fluide. Ces éléments de type injecteur sont reliés à une alimentation en eau ce qui permet de réhumidifier régulièrement les ballots (8).The means for adding the fluid may consist of at least one moistening fluid addition element disposed on the outer wall of the waste introduction channel. Preferably, the fluid addition means consist of 1 to 10 fluid addition elements, and very preferably 1 to 5 fluid addition elements. These injector type elements are connected to a water supply which allows to regularly remoist the bales (8).
Dans une variante de l'invention le dispositif peut comporter un capteur d'humidité permettant de mesurer en temps réel le taux d'humidité des ballots. Cette mesure permet ainsi par comparaison avec des valeurs de référence de déterminer si les ballots ont besoin d'être réhumidifiés. Le capteur peut également être un capteur de température. Le fonctionnement est dans ce cas identique à celui du capteur d'humidité.In a variant of the invention the device may comprise a humidity sensor for measuring in real time the moisture content of the bales. This measurement thus makes it possible, by comparison with reference values, to determine whether the bundles need to be remoistened. The sensor can also be a temperature sensor. In this case, the operation is identical to that of the humidity sensor.
Dans une variante de l'invention le fluide humidifiant a une température suffisamment basse, de préférence inférieur à 800C, et de manière très préférée inférieur à 500C, pour refroidir les ballots et empêcher la combustion.In a variant of the invention the moistening fluid has a sufficiently low temperature, preferably less than 80 0 C, and very preferably less than 50 0 C, to cool the bales and prevent combustion.
L'introduction du fluide humidifiant sur les déchets chauds entraîne une vaporisation partielle de ce fluide ce qui présente l'avantage d'occuper les espaces libres entre les déchets solides et ainsi d'empêcher l'entrée d'oxygène. Par exemple, dans le cas d'injection d'eau, de la vapeur est générée, ce qui inerte le milieu et évite la combustion des déchets présents dans le dispositif d'introduction.The introduction of the humidifying fluid on the hot waste causes a partial vaporization of the fluid which has the advantage of occupying the free spaces between the solid waste and thus to prevent the entry of oxygen. For example, in the case of water injection, steam is generated, which inerts the medium and avoids the combustion of waste present in the introduction device.
Le dispositif peut également comporter des moyens de contrôle automatique du taux d'humidité et/ou de température permettant de commander une adjonction de fluide humidifiant automatiquement lorsque le taux d'humidité et/ou la température mesuré n'est pas en accord avec les valeurs de référence. Après leur introduction dans le canal de la presse les déchets (1 ) sont donc compressés grâce au piston (7) qui les fait également avancer jusqu'au four de thermolyse (4, 5). Pendant leur séjour dans le canal (6) les déchets sous forme de ballot (8) sont régulièrement réhumidifiés par les moyens de réhumidifications (9), soit automatiquement, soit manuellement. Cette réhumidification est surtout réalisée lorsque l'unité de thermolyse doit être arrêtée. En effet, dans ce cas les ballots (8) restent un certains temps dans le canal (6) ce qui provoque leur déshydratation et augmente leur température. Le dispositif et procédé selon l'invention permettent ainsi d'éviter les problèmes liés à cette déshydratation et augmentation de température.The device may also comprise means for automatically controlling the humidity and / or temperature for controlling the addition of moistening fluid automatically when the humidity level and / or the temperature measured is not in agreement with the values reference. After their introduction into the press channel, the waste (1) is compressed by the piston (7) which also advances them to the thermolysis furnace (4, 5). During their stay in the channel (6) the waste in the form of bundle (8) are regularly remoistened by the remoistening means (9), either automatically or manually. This rehumidification is mainly performed when the unit of thermolysis must be stopped. Indeed, in this case the bales (8) remain for some time in the channel (6) which causes their dehydration and increases their temperature. The device and method according to the invention thus make it possible to avoid the problems related to this dehydration and temperature increase.
Il doit être évident pour l'homme du métier que la présente invention n'est pas limitée aux détails de structure donnés ci-dessus et permet des modes de réalisation sous de nombreuses autres formes équivalentes sans s'éloigner du domaine d'application de l'invention. Par conséquent, les présents modes de réalisation doivent être considérés à titre d'illustration, et peuvent être modifiés sans toutefois sortir de la portée définie par les revendications jointes. It should be obvious to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the structural details given above and allows embodiments in many other equivalent forms without departing from the scope of the invention. 'invention. Therefore, the present embodiments should be considered by way of illustration, and may be modified without departing from the scope defined by the appended claims.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Dispositif de thermolyse d'une charge carbonée comprenant au moins des moyens de séchage de la charge à traiter (1 ) et des moyens d'introduction (6, 7) de la charge dans des moyens de thermolyse (4, 5) caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend des moyens de réhumidification (9) de la charge (8) qui est disposée dans les moyens d'introduction.1. A device for thermolysis of a carbonaceous feedstock comprising at least means for drying the feedstock to be treated (1) and feed introduction means (6, 7) in thermolysis means (4, 5) characterized in that it comprises rehumidification means (9) of the load (8) which is arranged in the introduction means.
2. Dispositif de thermolyse selon la revendication 1 dans lequel les moyens de réhumidification (9) sont formées par au moins un élément d'adjonction de fluide humidifiant.2. Thermolysis device according to claim 1 wherein the rehumidification means (9) are formed by at least one moistening fluid addition element.
3. Dispositif de thermolyse selon la revendication 1 dans lequel les moyens de réhumidification (9) sont formées par au moins cinq éléments d'adjonction de fluide humidifiant. 3. Thermolysis device according to claim 1 wherein the rehumidification means (9) are formed by at least five moistening fluid addition elements.
4. Dispositif de thermolyse selon une des revendications 2 ou 3 dans lequel les éléments d'adjonction de fluide humidifiant sont des injecteurs.4. Thermolysis device according to one of claims 2 or 3 wherein the moistening fluid addition elements are injectors.
5. Dispositif de thermolyse selon une des revendications 1 à 4 dans lequel les moyens de réhumidification (9) sont disposés sur la surface externe du canal d'introduction (6). 5. Thermolysis device according to one of claims 1 to 4 wherein the rehumidification means (9) are disposed on the outer surface of the introduction channel (6).
6. Procédé de thermolyse d'une charge carbonée comprenant au moins une étape de séchage de la charge suivie d'une étape d'introduction de la charge en thermolyse et une étape de thermolyse caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend une réhumidification de la charge lors de ladite étape d'introduction.6. A method of thermolysis of a carbonaceous feedstock comprising at least one step of drying the feedstock followed by a feedstock introduction step in thermolysis and a thermolysis step characterized in that it comprises a rehumidification of the feedstock. during said introduction step.
7. Procédé de thermolyse selon la revendication 6 dans lequel la réhumidification de la charge consiste à ajouter un fluide humidifiant dans ou autour de la charge à traiter.7. thermolysis process according to claim 6 wherein the rehumidification of the load comprises adding a moistening fluid in or around the load to be treated.
8. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 6 ou 7 dans lequel l'adjonction de fluide humidifiant se fait par pulvérisation, injection, nébulisation ou vaporisation. 8. Method according to one of claims 6 or 7 wherein the addition of moistening fluid is by spraying, injection, nebulization or vaporization.
9. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 6 à 8 dans lequel il est réalisé une diminution de la température par humidification de la charge lors de l'étape d'introduction.9. Method according to one of claims 6 to 8 wherein there is achieved a decrease in the temperature by humidification of the load during the introduction step.
10. Procédé selon l'une des revendication 7 à 9, dans lequel le fluide humidifiant est de l'eau. 10. Method according to one of claims 7 to 9, wherein the moistening fluid is water.
PCT/FR2009/001148 2008-10-20 2009-09-28 Device and method for the thermolysis of a carbon feedstock WO2010046547A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0805796A FR2937330B1 (en) 2008-10-20 2008-10-20 DEVICE AND METHOD FOR THERMOLYSIS OF A CARBON CHARGE
FR0805796 2008-10-20

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2010046547A1 true WO2010046547A1 (en) 2010-04-29

Family

ID=40673639

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/FR2009/001148 WO2010046547A1 (en) 2008-10-20 2009-09-28 Device and method for the thermolysis of a carbon feedstock

Country Status (2)

Country Link
FR (1) FR2937330B1 (en)
WO (1) WO2010046547A1 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109173917A (en) * 2018-09-11 2019-01-11 西北工业大学 A kind of high polymer concentrated solution Quick uniform dilution device

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109237488B (en) * 2018-07-25 2020-10-13 光大环保技术研究院（南京）有限公司 Small-size domestic waste burns burning furnace feed system and small-size domestic waste burns burning furnace

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0685550A1 (en) * 1994-05-30 1995-12-06 Institut Français du Pétrole Process and plant having a preheating unit for the pyrolysis of waste
FR2779441A1 (en) * 1998-06-08 1999-12-10 Thide Environnement DOUBLE INLET THERMOLYSIS OVEN
EP1865256A1 (en) * 2005-04-01 2007-12-12 JFE Engineering Corporation Method and apparatus for supplying waste to gasification melting furnace

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0685550A1 (en) * 1994-05-30 1995-12-06 Institut Français du Pétrole Process and plant having a preheating unit for the pyrolysis of waste
FR2779441A1 (en) * 1998-06-08 1999-12-10 Thide Environnement DOUBLE INLET THERMOLYSIS OVEN
EP1865256A1 (en) * 2005-04-01 2007-12-12 JFE Engineering Corporation Method and apparatus for supplying waste to gasification melting furnace

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109173917A (en) * 2018-09-11 2019-01-11 西北工业大学 A kind of high polymer concentrated solution Quick uniform dilution device
CN109173917B (en) * 2018-09-11 2021-04-02 西北工业大学 High polymer concentrated solution rapid and uniform diluting device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2937330A1 (en) 2010-04-23
FR2937330B1 (en) 2010-11-19

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
JP4331592B2 (en) Biomass flash carbonization
EP0685550B1 (en) Process and plant having a preheating unit for the pyrolysis of waste
RU2477378C2 (en) Device to feed powder fuel into combustion chamber of open-type gas turbine engine
EP0053952B1 (en) Installation for the incineration of wastes and heat recovery
WO2011041881A1 (en) Oil-impregnated torrefied biomass and related uses
EP3324116B1 (en) Smokeless incinerator and system using same
WO2010046547A1 (en) Device and method for the thermolysis of a carbon feedstock
WO2010046546A1 (en) Method and device for the thermolysis of industrial and/or domestic waste
FR2797642A1 (en) PROCESS AND PLANT FOR THE PRODUCTION OF A COMBUSTIBLE GAS FROM A LOAD RICH IN ORGANIC MATTER
FR2955866A1 (en) METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR SUPPLYING THERMAL ENERGY OF A THERMAL TREATMENT SYSTEM AND INSTALLATION USING SUCH A SYSTEM
WO2014125210A2 (en) Facility for producing and treating smoke
EP1101065A1 (en) Method for incinerating a body and incinerator therefor
US20240263092A1 (en) Combined torrefaction and pyrolysis waste processor
WO2017089419A1 (en) Fuel cell comprising heating plates and facility comprising such a cell
WO2010046545A1 (en) Method and device for adjusting the temperature of combustion fumes in a thermolysis method
RU2381254C2 (en) Pyrolysis unit
Setioputro et al. Investigation of experimental study of biomass performance of wood pellets, palm shells, and rice husk in vacuum pressure gasification system
FR2827609A1 (en) PROCESS AND PLANT FOR PRODUCING FUEL GASES FROM GASES FROM THE THERMAL CONVERSION OF A SOLID LOAD
WO2008125460A1 (en) Improved charcoal manufacturing processes and devices
CN105972615A (en) Combustion type sludge treatment device
Irawan et al. Influence of igniter component to the burning of bio briquette rice husk torrefaction
RU2626852C1 (en) Way of wood torrefaction
EP4291623A1 (en) Use of steam-cracked biomass as alternative fuel by direct injection into a furnace
FR2833605A1 (en) Pyrolysis furnace, for treating waste, has container for means of heating waste vessel, with gas injected through heating line, and gas outlet line, where heating and outlet lines contain gas flow regulators
FR2913724A1 (en) Hot fume utilizing method for producing mechanical energy, involves sending working gas i.e. air, from outlet of heat exchanger in direction of inlet of expansion stage of turbocharger to provide mechanical energy at level of shaft

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 09748366

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 09748366

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1