EP0682575A1 - Method for producing a heating assembly for transferring liquid metal, heating assembly, application and use thereof. - Google Patents

Method for producing a heating assembly for transferring liquid metal, heating assembly, application and use thereof.

Info

Publication number
EP0682575A1
EP0682575A1 EP94906249A EP94906249A EP0682575A1 EP 0682575 A1 EP0682575 A1 EP 0682575A1 EP 94906249 A EP94906249 A EP 94906249A EP 94906249 A EP94906249 A EP 94906249A EP 0682575 A1 EP0682575 A1 EP 0682575A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
metal
heating element
inductor
heating
liquid metal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP94906249A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0682575B1 (en
Inventor
Jean-Louis Comarteau
Daniel Boudot
Alain Remy
Patrice Nykiel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
SEVA SA
Original Assignee
SEVA SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by SEVA SA filed Critical SEVA SA
Publication of EP0682575A1 publication Critical patent/EP0682575A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0682575B1 publication Critical patent/EP0682575B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
    • H05B6/02—Induction heating
    • H05B6/10—Induction heating apparatus, other than furnaces, for specific applications
    • H05B6/105—Induction heating apparatus, other than furnaces, for specific applications using a susceptor
    • H05B6/108—Induction heating apparatus, other than furnaces, for specific applications using a susceptor for heating a fluid
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D35/00—Equipment for conveying molten metal into beds or moulds
    • B22D35/06—Heating or cooling equipment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D41/00—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
    • B22D41/50—Pouring-nozzles
    • B22D41/52—Manufacturing or repairing thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D41/00—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
    • B22D41/50—Pouring-nozzles
    • B22D41/60—Pouring-nozzles with heating or cooling means
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S29/00—Metal working
    • Y10S29/046—Vibration
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
    • Y10T29/49082—Resistor making
    • Y10T29/49083—Heater type

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a heating member for transferring liquid metal.
  • Said member is of the closed cross-section type.
  • the invention relates firstly to a method of manufacturing a member of the aforementioned type which opens at one end through a pouring orifice for the supply of at least one mold and of the type comprising over its entire length at least one means heating consisting of a coil-shaped inductor, the cooled turns of which are traversed by an alternating electric current.
  • the metal transfer heating elements are particularly advantageous for the transmission of a metal at high casting temperature. Said heating elements eliminate the risk of cooling and solidification of a metal alloy with a casting temperature at least equal to 1400 ° C. in a pouring channel between two successive casting operations.
  • the pouring channel comprises a graphite susceptor sleeve comprising a straight part and a bent part.
  • This configuration is particularly advantageous when the casting operations having a discontinuous nature. Indeed, in this case, the liquid metal may not be present for a more or less long duration in the channel. It is then interesting to keep it constantly preheated during this time: this is the role of graphite. However, when working continuously, which is the case for stabilized production processes of large or medium series, this interest is less. In this case, the continuous presence of liquid metal in the channel, associated with induction heating, keeps the system at temperature. Graphite is therefore no longer necessary, especially since the initial preheating of the channel, before it is filled with liquid metal, can be carried out by a heating means. more flexible and less expensive secondary, like the one using gas for example.
  • the conventional configuration has some operating disadvantages linked to the complexity of the channel manufacturing: shaping difficulties, cutting difficulties, centering difficulties. These drawbacks increase the cost of manufacturing the channel.
  • the method according to the invention comprises the following steps: placement around a refractory ceramic tube of an assembly forming a thermal insulating coating, the assembly forming insulating coating consisting of a layer of concrete insulating refractory and / or at least one ply of fibrous material,
  • the method comprises one or more steps of cutting and / or assembling the refractory tube.
  • the layer of insulating material (refractory concrete and / or fibrous material) has the advantage of providing good thermal insulation of the tube and of the metal during use.
  • the fibrous sheets are more insulating than refractory concrete and reinforce the insulation.
  • the insulating layer constitutes additional protection in the event of wear and / or cracking of the ceramic tube in contact with the liquid metal, thus limiting the risks of infiltration of the liquid metal towards the coil and reinforcing safety.
  • the liquid metal contained in the refractory duct is heated and maintained by the inductor through which an alternating current at medium or high frequency flows.
  • This heating mode allows electrical energy to be transferred directly to the liquid metal in the form of thermal energy. Since it does not use an intermediate element such as graphite, the energy transfer is direct and the yield is better.
  • the frequency traversing the inductor is typically in the range 1000-15000 Hertz.
  • the invention also relates to a heating member for transmitting liquid metal.
  • This member of the closed cross-section type rises upwards and opens on its upper face by a pouring orifice for feeding at least one mold and of the type comprising over its entire length at least one heating means constituted by a inductor in the form of a coil, the cooled turns of which are traversed by an alternating electric current.
  • Said member can be manufactured by the method according to the invention and it comprises a refractory tube surrounded by an assembly forming an insulating coating, itself surrounded by an inductor surrounded by a refractory concrete contained in a metallic envelope, the insulating thickness consisting of a layer of insulating refractory concrete.
  • Said insulating coating may consist of at least one layer of fibrous material.
  • Said member is a complete element, which can be interchanged on a foundry furnace when the member reaches the end of its service life or, which is less frequent but still possible, the oven arrives at the end of its service life.
  • the member comprises at the junction with the furnace an external flange pierced with through holes on which a washer cooperating with the metallic casing is adjusted, the refractory parts of said member being extended at and towards the furnace by a seal, made of refractory concrete with chemical setting in the form of a washer, itself extended by a second seal made of a fibrous material.
  • the junction is carried out by the clamping of the member on the wall of the furnace which causes the crushing of two joints in excess thickness at the refractory zones of the member and of the furnace. This junction can be applied to relatively hot ovens, eight hours of cooling is enough.
  • the member according to the invention is extended at its end intended for supplying the mold by a refractory sleeve of hollow cylindrical shape, the external wall of the sleeve cooperating with the hollow cylindrical internal wall of a ring via of groomed concrete.
  • FIG. 1 shows in vertical section, a heating element according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows in vertical section a casting installation using a heating element according to the invention
  • - Fig. 3 is a balance diagram of a nickel copper alloy which can be used in a member according to the invention
  • - Fig. 4 shows the casting temperature as a function of the voltage using a heating element according to the invention.
  • the device shown in FIG. 1 is a heating member 1 for transferring liquid metal.
  • This member 1 of the closed cross-section type has a straight axis 8.
  • the heating element 1 consists of the axis 8 towards its external surface of a refractory tube 4, of an assembly 5 forming a thermally insulating coating made up of a layer of insulating refractory concrete 5a surrounded by a sheet of material fibrous 5b, an inductor 3, a refractory concrete 7 and an external metal casing 6. All of these elements 3, 4, 5, 5a, 5b, 6 and 7 are of substantially hollow cylindrical shape.
  • the end of the member 1 is horizontal and has an orifice 2.
  • the metal casing 6 has an annular, horizontal protuberance 24 at its upper part so as to partially cover the refractory concrete 7.
  • the casing 6 has radially at level of its lower part and opening downwards a bore 26.
  • the lower part of the casing 6 ends with an external radial protrusion forming a vertical annular flange 11 having holes 12 in which pass fixing screws 18.
  • the inductor 3 consists of helical turns of a copper metal tube surrounding the insulating coating 5 and embedded in the refractory concrete 7. Each end of the metal tube constituting the coil is brought back to the level of the bore 26 and leaves the heating member 1 , so as to make the electrical connections to the medium or high frequency current generator, the extreme horizontal surface d e the member 1 is extended by an intermediate wear part 23 of a hollow cylindrical shape, the internal wall of the cylinder being of a constant diameter over the height.
  • the external wall of a sleeve 21 cooperates with the hollow cylindrical internal wall of a ring 20 by means of a grouted concrete 22.
  • the height of the sleeve 21 is identical to the height of the ring 20.
  • Vertical notches 25 are provided in the base of the ring 20 to allow the passage of screws of attachment to the horizontal end of the casing 6, as known from patent application 90 10 798.
  • a washer 13 cooperating with the metal casing 6, the refractory parts 4, 5, 7 of said member 1 being extended at and towards the furnace 9 by a seal 14, made of refractory concrete with chemical setting in the form of a washer, itself extended by a second seal 15 made of a fibrous material.
  • the member 1 is intended to be fixed on the carcass 17 of the oven 9 which has tapped blind holes 19 allowing the fixing and tightening of the member 1 by means of screws 12 which allows the compression of the seals 14, 15 and of the washer 13, which seals the assembly.
  • the carcass 17 is lined towards the inside of the oven 9 with a refractory lining 16.
  • the oven 9 has a channel opening towards the outside and surrounded by the refractory lining.
  • the member 1 is fixed in the extension of said channel to form the device shown in FIG. 2 which represents a casting installation.
  • the heating element 1 differs from that shown in FIG. 1 in that it forms a runner with an axis 8 of constant radius of curvature R.
  • the numerical references correspond to the elements referenced in FIG. 1.
  • the oven 9 is sealed and closed to form a casting assembly in a closed cup when the mold 27 is in the working position at the upper end of the member 1.
  • the oven 9 contains liquid metal 28 which under the effect of a pressure Pr in the upper part of the furnace 9 rises to a level 29 towards the upper end of the member 1 in the direction of the mold 27.
  • the level 29 is greater than the surface of the liquid metal 28 in the mold 9.
  • This pressure Pr of gas exerted on the metal 28 is obtained by a pipe 30 opening out inside the furnace 9 in its upper part.
  • the pipe 30 brings air or a gas above the level of the metal bath 28 contained in the oven 9.
  • a high frequency proves to be more favorable for limiting the movements of turbulence inside the channel, which can be the source of variations in the health of the parts (blisters, inclusions, etc.).
  • the choice of the frequency in the inductor 3 is therefore a compromise between these different parameters.
  • the type of heating according to the invention makes it possible to obtain an excellent temperature precision in the heating member by fixing the electrical parameters; which allows the use of the heating member 1 to flow the metal 28 with a high melting point, above 1400 ° C. and / or highly oxidizable, at a temperature which can be precisely regulated.
  • This ability to regulate the temperature precisely allows it to be adjusted in very specific areas.
  • the pouring temperature Te in the channel can be very close to the liquidus, without risk of solidification of the metal.
  • the diagram in FIG. 3 represents an equilibrium diagram of a copper-nickel alloy.
  • the upper curve L is called liquidus, the lower curve S solidus.
  • the ordinate indicates the temperature in degrees Celsius
  • the abscissa the percentage of copper and nickel starting from a metal 100% copper originally
  • the metal alloy at a temperature higher than the liquidus L is liquid. If it is at a temperature lower than solidus S, it is a solid solution.
  • Induction heating provides good temperature accuracy through electrical parameters.
  • the precise regulation makes it possible to work at relatively low temperatures (for example at 50 ° C above the liquidus).
  • FIG. 3 shows that an alloy of 80% nickel and 20% copper can be cast at 1450 ° C. at the temperature TC situated at 50 ° C. above the temperature TL of the liquidus L.
  • TC temperature
  • Fig. 4 illustrates on a diagram the adjustment of the temperature by variations in voltage across the terminals of the inductor 3.
  • the abscissa indicates the voltage in kilo-Volts.
  • the ordinate the temperature of the metal.
  • the dotted horizontal line represents the liquidus temperature measured on cooling of the alloy used during the experiment. The tests showed that the temperature Te of the metal in the organ was linear and proportional to the voltage applied to the terminals of the inductor.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • General Induction Heating (AREA)
  • Casting Support Devices, Ladles, And Melt Control Thereby (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • On-Site Construction Work That Accompanies The Preparation And Application Of Concrete (AREA)

Abstract

A heating assembly (1) for transferring liquid metal (28). The assembly (1) has a closed cross-section and includes a refractory tube (4) wrapped in an insulating layer (5) which is in turn surrounded by an inductor (3) enclosed in refractory concrete within a metal shell, said insulating layer (5) consisting of an insulating refractory concrete layer (5a). The heating assembly (1) may be used in a liquid metal holding furnace (9) provided with a supply of pressurised gas (P), for producing metal parts.

Description

Procédé de fabrication d'un organe chauffant de transfert de métal liquide, organe chauffant, son application et son utTTisatinp A method of manufacturing a heating member for transfer of liquid metal heater member, its application and utTTisatin p
La présente invention est relative à un organe chauffant de transfert de métal liquide. Ledit organe est du type à section transversale fermée. L'invention concerne en premier lieu un procédé de fabrication d'un organe du type précité qui débouche à une extrémité par un orifice de coulée pour l'alimentation d'au moins un moule et du type comportant sur toute sa longueur au moins un moyen de chauffage constitué par un inducteur en forme de bobine dont les spires refroidies sont parcourues par un courant électrique alternatif.The present invention relates to a heating member for transferring liquid metal. Said member is of the closed cross-section type. The invention relates firstly to a method of manufacturing a member of the aforementioned type which opens at one end through a pouring orifice for the supply of at least one mold and of the type comprising over its entire length at least one means heating consisting of a coil-shaped inductor, the cooled turns of which are traversed by an alternating electric current.
Les organes chauffants de transfert de métal (voir le chenal ou goulotte de coulée décrit par le brevet français n° 2 532 866) sont particulièrement avantageux pour la transmission d'un métal à température de coulée élevée. Lesdits organes chauffants éliminent le risque de refroidissement et de solidification d'un alliage métallique à température de coulée au moins égale à 1400°C dans un chenal de coulée entre deux opérations de coulée successives. Dans la technique classique le chenal de coulée comprend un manchon suscepteur en graphite comportant une partie droite et une partie coudée.The metal transfer heating elements (see the channel or pouring chute described by French patent No. 2,532,866) are particularly advantageous for the transmission of a metal at high casting temperature. Said heating elements eliminate the risk of cooling and solidification of a metal alloy with a casting temperature at least equal to 1400 ° C. in a pouring channel between two successive casting operations. In the conventional technique, the pouring channel comprises a graphite susceptor sleeve comprising a straight part and a bent part.
Cette configuration est particulièrement intéressante lorsque les opérations de coulée présentant un caractère discontinu. En effet, dans ce cas, le métal liquide peut ne pas être présent pendant une durée plus ou moins longue dans le chenal. Il est alors intéressant de garder celui-ci constamment préchauffé pendant cette durée : c'est le rôle du graphite. Cependant, lorsque l'on travaille de manière continue, ce qui est le cas pour des procédés de production stabilisée de grande ou moyenne série, cet intérêt est moindre. Dans ce cas, la présence continue du métal liquide dans le chenal, associée avec un chauffage par induction, permet de maintenir le système en température. Le graphite n'est donc plus nécessaire, d'autant que le préchauffage initial du chenal, avant son remplissage par du métal liquide, peut être effectué par un moyen de chauffage secondaire plus souple et moins onéreux, comme celui utilisant le gaz par exemple.This configuration is particularly advantageous when the casting operations having a discontinuous nature. Indeed, in this case, the liquid metal may not be present for a more or less long duration in the channel. It is then interesting to keep it constantly preheated during this time: this is the role of graphite. However, when working continuously, which is the case for stabilized production processes of large or medium series, this interest is less. In this case, the continuous presence of liquid metal in the channel, associated with induction heating, keeps the system at temperature. Graphite is therefore no longer necessary, especially since the initial preheating of the channel, before it is filled with liquid metal, can be carried out by a heating means. more flexible and less expensive secondary, like the one using gas for example.
D'autre part, la configuration classique présente quelques inconvénients d'exploitation liés à la complexité de la fabrication du chenal : difficultés de façonnage, difficultés de découpe, difficultés de centrage. Ces inconvénients augmentent le coût de fabrication du chenal.On the other hand, the conventional configuration has some operating disadvantages linked to the complexity of the channel manufacturing: shaping difficulties, cutting difficulties, centering difficulties. These drawbacks increase the cost of manufacturing the channel.
L'invention a pour but de remédier à ces inconvénients. A cet effet, le procédé selon l'invention comporte les étapes suivantes : mise en place autour d'un tube de céramique réfractaire d'un ensemble formant un revêtement isolant thermique, l'ensemble formant revêtement isolant étant constitué d'une couche de béton réfractaire isolant et/ou d'au moins une nappe de matériau fibreux,The invention aims to remedy these drawbacks. To this end, the method according to the invention comprises the following steps: placement around a refractory ceramic tube of an assembly forming a thermal insulating coating, the assembly forming insulating coating consisting of a layer of concrete insulating refractory and / or at least one ply of fibrous material,
- mise en forme autour et au contact de l'ensemble, de 1' inducteur,- shaping around and in contact with the assembly, the inductor,
- centrage de 1 'ensemble entouré de 1 ' inducteur dans une enveloppe métallique,- centering of the assembly surrounded by the inductor in a metal envelope,
- remplissage de l'espace situé entre l'inducteur et l'enveloppe métallique par une coulée sous vibrations d'un béton réfractaire,- filling of the space between the inductor and the metal casing by vibration-casting of refractory concrete,
- étuvage dudit organe chauffant de transfert de métal, après la prise du béton.- steaming said heating metal transfer member, after setting of the concrete.
Suivant certaines caractéristiques, le procédé comprend une ou des étapes de découpe et/ou d'assemblage du tube réfractaire.According to certain characteristics, the method comprises one or more steps of cutting and / or assembling the refractory tube.
La couche de matière isolante (béton réfractaire et/ou matériau fibreux) présente l'avantage de fournir une bonne isolation thermique du tube et du métal lors de 1 'utilisation.The layer of insulating material (refractory concrete and / or fibrous material) has the advantage of providing good thermal insulation of the tube and of the metal during use.
Les nappes fibreuses sont plus isolantes que des bétons réfractaires et renforcent l'isolation. En outre la couche isolante constitue une protection supplémentaire en cas d'usure et/ou de fissuration du tube en céramique au contact du métal liquide, limitant ainsi les risques d'infiltration du métal liquide vers la bobine et renforçant la sécurité.The fibrous sheets are more insulating than refractory concrete and reinforce the insulation. In addition, the insulating layer constitutes additional protection in the event of wear and / or cracking of the ceramic tube in contact with the liquid metal, thus limiting the risks of infiltration of the liquid metal towards the coil and reinforcing safety.
Le chauffage et le maintien du métal liquide contenu dans le conduit réfractaire est assuré par l'inducteur parcouru par un courant alternatif à moyenne ou haute fréquence. Ce mode de chauffage permet de transférer directement au métal liquide l'énergie électrique sous forme d'énergie thermique. Comme il n'utilise pas d'élément intermédiaire tel que le graphite, le transfert énergétique est direct et le rendement est meilleur. La fréquence parcourant l'inducteur est typiquement dans la gamme 1000- 15000 Hertz.The liquid metal contained in the refractory duct is heated and maintained by the inductor through which an alternating current at medium or high frequency flows. This heating mode allows electrical energy to be transferred directly to the liquid metal in the form of thermal energy. Since it does not use an intermediate element such as graphite, the energy transfer is direct and the yield is better. The frequency traversing the inductor is typically in the range 1000-15000 Hertz.
L'invention a également pour objet un organe chauffant de transmission de métal liquide. Cet organe du type à section transversale fermée remonte vers le haut et débouche sur sa face supérieure par un orifice de coulée pour l'alimentation d'au moins un moule et du type comportant sur toute sa longueur au moins un moyen de chauffage constitué par un inducteur en forme de bobine dont les spires refroidies sont parcourues par un courant électrique alternatif. Ledit organe peut être fabriqué par le procédé selon l'invention et il comprend un tube réfractaire entouré d'un ensemble formant un revêtement isolant, lui-même entouré d'un inducteur entouré d'un béton réfractaire contenu dans une enveloppe métallique, l'épaisseur isolante étant constituée d'une couche de béton réfractaire isolant.The invention also relates to a heating member for transmitting liquid metal. This member of the closed cross-section type rises upwards and opens on its upper face by a pouring orifice for feeding at least one mold and of the type comprising over its entire length at least one heating means constituted by a inductor in the form of a coil, the cooled turns of which are traversed by an alternating electric current. Said member can be manufactured by the method according to the invention and it comprises a refractory tube surrounded by an assembly forming an insulating coating, itself surrounded by an inductor surrounded by a refractory concrete contained in a metallic envelope, the insulating thickness consisting of a layer of insulating refractory concrete.
Ledite revêtement isolant peut être constitué d'au moins une nappe de matériau fibreux.Said insulating coating may consist of at least one layer of fibrous material.
Ledit organe est un élément complet, pouvant être interchangé sur un four de fonderie lorsque l'organe arrive en fin de durée de vie ou, ce qui est moins fréquent mais quand même possible, le four arrive en fin de durée de vie.Said member is a complete element, which can be interchanged on a foundry furnace when the member reaches the end of its service life or, which is less frequent but still possible, the oven arrives at the end of its service life.
Dans le but de nettoyer l'organe et de réduire l'encombrement, il forme un chenal de coulée d'axe de rayon de courbure constant ou d'axe rectiligne.In order to clean the organ and reduce the size, it forms a flow channel with an axis of constant radius of curvature or a straight axis.
Pour effectuer une jonction étanche au métal liquide en pouvant effectuer des changements d'organes compatibles avec des exploitations industrielles, le personnel travaillant deux fois huit heures ou trois fois huit heures d'affilée . L'organe comprend au niveau de la jonction avec le four une collerette extérieure percée de trous débouchants sur laquelle s'ajuste une rondelle coopérant avec l'enveloppe métallique, les parties réfractaires dudit organe étant prolongées au niveau et vers le four par un joint, en béton réfractaire à prise chimique de la forme d'une rondelle, lui- même prolongé par un second joint en un matériau fibreux. La jonction est réalisée par le bridage de l'organe sur la paroi du four ce qui provoque 1'écrasement de deux joints en surépaisseur au niveau des zones réfractaires de l'organe et du four. Cette jonction peut être appliquée à des fours relativement chauds, huit heures de refroidissement suffisent.To make a tight junction with liquid metal while being able to make compatible organ changes with industrial operations, staff working twice eight hours or three times eight hours in a row. The member comprises at the junction with the furnace an external flange pierced with through holes on which a washer cooperating with the metallic casing is adjusted, the refractory parts of said member being extended at and towards the furnace by a seal, made of refractory concrete with chemical setting in the form of a washer, itself extended by a second seal made of a fibrous material. The junction is carried out by the clamping of the member on the wall of the furnace which causes the crushing of two joints in excess thickness at the refractory zones of the member and of the furnace. This junction can be applied to relatively hot ovens, eight hours of cooling is enough.
Seules quelques petites réparations du réfractaire du four sont nécessaires lors du changement d'organe.Only a few small repairs to the oven refractory are necessary when changing the organ.
En variante l'organe suivant l'invention est prolongé à son extrémité destinée à 1' alimentation du moule par un manchon réfractaire de forme cylindrique creuse, la paroi externe du manchon coopérant avec la paroi interne cylindrique creuse d'une bague par l'intermédiaire d'un béton damé.As a variant, the member according to the invention is extended at its end intended for supplying the mold by a refractory sleeve of hollow cylindrical shape, the external wall of the sleeve cooperating with the hollow cylindrical internal wall of a ring via of groomed concrete.
Des exemples de mises en oeuvre, d'applications et d'utilisations de l'invention vont maintenant être décrits en regard des dessins annexés sur lesquels :Examples of implementations, applications and uses of the invention will now be described with reference to the appended drawings in which:
- la Fig. 1 représente en coupe verticale, un organe chauffant selon 1' invention ;- Fig. 1 shows in vertical section, a heating element according to the invention;
- la Fig. 2 représente en coupe verticale une installation de coulée utilisant un organe chauffant selon 1 ' invention ;- Fig. 2 shows in vertical section a casting installation using a heating element according to the invention;
- la Fig. 3 est un diagramme d'équilibre d'un alliage nickel cuivre pouvant être utilisé dans un organe selon 1' invention ; - la Fig. 4 représente la température de coulée en fonction de la tension en utilisant un organe chauffant selon l'invention. Le dispositif présenté à la Fig. 1 est un organe chauffant 1 de transfert de métal liquide. Cet organe 1 du type à section transversale fermée est d'axe 8 rectiligne.- Fig. 3 is a balance diagram of a nickel copper alloy which can be used in a member according to the invention; - Fig. 4 shows the casting temperature as a function of the voltage using a heating element according to the invention. The device shown in FIG. 1 is a heating member 1 for transferring liquid metal. This member 1 of the closed cross-section type has a straight axis 8.
L'organe chauffant 1 est constitué de l'axe 8 vers sa surface externe d'un tube réfractaire 4, d'un ensemble 5 formant un revêtement isolant thermiquement constitué d'une couche de béton réfractaire isolant 5a entouré d'une nappe de matériau fibreux 5b, d'un inducteur 3, d'un béton réfractaire 7 et d'une enveloppe métallique externe 6. Tous ces éléments 3, 4, 5, 5a, 5b, 6 et 7 sont de forme sensiblement cylindrique creuse. L'extrémité de l'organe 1 est horizontale et présente un orifice 2. L'enveloppe métallique 6 présente une excroissance annulaire, horizontale 24 à sa partie supérieure de manière à recouvrir en partie le béton réfractaire 7. L'enveloppe 6 présente radialement au niveau de sa partie inférieure et débouchant vers le bas un perçage 26. La partie inférieure de l'enveloppe 6 se termine par une excroissance radiale externe formant une collerette annulaire verticale 11 présentant des perçages 12 dans lesquels passent des vis de fixation 18. L'inducteur 3 est constitué de spires hélicoïdales d'un tube métallique en cuivre entourant le revêtement isolant 5 et noyé dans le béton réfractaire 7. Chaque extrémité du tube métallique constituant la bobine est ramenée au niveau du perçage 26 et sort de l'organe chauffant 1 , de façon à effectuer les connexions électriques avec le générateur de courant à moyenne ou haute fréquence, la surface horizontale extrême de l'organe 1 est prolongée par une pièce intermédiaire d'usure 23 d'une forme cylindrique creuse, la paroi interne du cylindre étant d'un diamètre constant sur la hauteur. La paroi externe d'un manchon 21 coopère avec la paroi interne cylindrique creuse d'une bague 20 par l'intermédiaire d'un béton damé 22.The heating element 1 consists of the axis 8 towards its external surface of a refractory tube 4, of an assembly 5 forming a thermally insulating coating made up of a layer of insulating refractory concrete 5a surrounded by a sheet of material fibrous 5b, an inductor 3, a refractory concrete 7 and an external metal casing 6. All of these elements 3, 4, 5, 5a, 5b, 6 and 7 are of substantially hollow cylindrical shape. The end of the member 1 is horizontal and has an orifice 2. The metal casing 6 has an annular, horizontal protuberance 24 at its upper part so as to partially cover the refractory concrete 7. The casing 6 has radially at level of its lower part and opening downwards a bore 26. The lower part of the casing 6 ends with an external radial protrusion forming a vertical annular flange 11 having holes 12 in which pass fixing screws 18. The inductor 3 consists of helical turns of a copper metal tube surrounding the insulating coating 5 and embedded in the refractory concrete 7. Each end of the metal tube constituting the coil is brought back to the level of the bore 26 and leaves the heating member 1 , so as to make the electrical connections to the medium or high frequency current generator, the extreme horizontal surface d e the member 1 is extended by an intermediate wear part 23 of a hollow cylindrical shape, the internal wall of the cylinder being of a constant diameter over the height. The external wall of a sleeve 21 cooperates with the hollow cylindrical internal wall of a ring 20 by means of a grouted concrete 22.
La hauteur du manchon 21 est identique à la hauteur de la bague 20. Des encoches d'axe vertical 25 sont prévues dans l'embase de la bague 20 pour permettre le passage de vis de fixation sur l'extrémité horizontale de l'enveloppe 6, comme connu par la demande de brevet 90 10 798.The height of the sleeve 21 is identical to the height of the ring 20. Vertical notches 25 are provided in the base of the ring 20 to allow the passage of screws of attachment to the horizontal end of the casing 6, as known from patent application 90 10 798.
Sur la collerette extérieure 11 s'ajuste une rondelle 13 coopérant avec l'enveloppe métallique 6, les parties réfractaires 4, 5, 7 dudit organe 1 étant prolongées au niveau et vers le four 9 par un joint 14, en béton réfractaire à prise chimique de la forme d'une rondelle, lui- même prolongé par un second joint 15 en un matériau fibreux. L'organe 1 est destiné à être fixé sur la carcasse 17 du four 9 qui présente des trous borgnes taraudés 19 permettant la fixation et le serrage de l'organe 1 au moyen de vis 12 ce qui permet la compression des joints 14, 15 et de la rondelle 13, ce qui assure l'étanchéité de l'ensemble. La carcasse 17 est tapissée vers l'intérieur du four 9 d'un revêtement réfractaire 16. Le four 9 présente un canal débouchant vers 1 ' extérieur et entouré du revêtement réfractaire.On the outer flange 11 is fitted a washer 13 cooperating with the metal casing 6, the refractory parts 4, 5, 7 of said member 1 being extended at and towards the furnace 9 by a seal 14, made of refractory concrete with chemical setting in the form of a washer, itself extended by a second seal 15 made of a fibrous material. The member 1 is intended to be fixed on the carcass 17 of the oven 9 which has tapped blind holes 19 allowing the fixing and tightening of the member 1 by means of screws 12 which allows the compression of the seals 14, 15 and of the washer 13, which seals the assembly. The carcass 17 is lined towards the inside of the oven 9 with a refractory lining 16. The oven 9 has a channel opening towards the outside and surrounded by the refractory lining.
L'organe 1 vient se fixer dans le prolongement dudit canal pour former le dispositif représenté à la Fig. 2 qui représente une installation de coulée. L'organe chauffant 1 diffère de celui représenté à la Fig. 1 en ce qu'il forme un chenal de coulée d'axe 8 de rayon de courbure R constant. Sur la Fig. 2 les références numériques correspondent aux éléments référencés à la Fig. 1. Dans cet exemple le four 9 est étanche et fermé pour former un ensemble de coulée en vase clos lorsque le moule 27 est en position de travail à l'extrémité supérieure de l'organe 1. Le four 9 contient du métal liquide 28 qui sous l'effet d'une pression Pr dans la partie supérieure du four 9 remonte à un niveau 29 vers l'extrémité supérieure de l'organe 1 en direction du moule 27.The member 1 is fixed in the extension of said channel to form the device shown in FIG. 2 which represents a casting installation. The heating element 1 differs from that shown in FIG. 1 in that it forms a runner with an axis 8 of constant radius of curvature R. In Fig. 2 the numerical references correspond to the elements referenced in FIG. 1. In this example the oven 9 is sealed and closed to form a casting assembly in a closed cup when the mold 27 is in the working position at the upper end of the member 1. The oven 9 contains liquid metal 28 which under the effect of a pressure Pr in the upper part of the furnace 9 rises to a level 29 towards the upper end of the member 1 in the direction of the mold 27.
Le niveau 29 est supérieur à la surface du métal liquide 28 dans le moule 9. Cette pression Pr de gaz s' exerçant sur le métal 28 est obtenue par une conduite 30 débouchant à l'intérieur du four 9 dans sa partie supérieure. La conduite 30 amène de l'air ou un gaz au dessus du niveau du bain de métal 28 contenu dans le four 9. La The level 29 is greater than the surface of the liquid metal 28 in the mold 9. This pressure Pr of gas exerted on the metal 28 is obtained by a pipe 30 opening out inside the furnace 9 in its upper part. The pipe 30 brings air or a gas above the level of the metal bath 28 contained in the oven 9. The
8 une fréquence élevée s'avère être plus favorable pour limiter les mouvements de turbulence à l'intérieur du chenal, pouvant être à l'origine de variations dans la santé des pièces (soufflures, inclusions ...). Le choix de la fréquence dans l'inducteur 3 est donc un compromis entre ces différents paramètres.8 a high frequency proves to be more favorable for limiting the movements of turbulence inside the channel, which can be the source of variations in the health of the parts (blisters, inclusions, etc.). The choice of the frequency in the inductor 3 is therefore a compromise between these different parameters.
Ainsi le type de chauffage selon l'invention permet d'obtenir une excellente précision de température dans l'organe de chauffage en fixant les paramètres électriques ; ce qui permet par utilisation de l'organe chauffant 1 de couler le métal 28 à haut point de fusion, au dessus de 1400°C et/ou fortement oxydable, à une température pouvant être régulée précisément. Cette faculté de pouvoir réguler la température avec précision permet d'ajuster celle-ci, dans des domaines très précis. Ainsi la température Te de coulée dans le chenal peut être très proche du liquidus, sans risque de solidification du métal.Thus the type of heating according to the invention makes it possible to obtain an excellent temperature precision in the heating member by fixing the electrical parameters; which allows the use of the heating member 1 to flow the metal 28 with a high melting point, above 1400 ° C. and / or highly oxidizable, at a temperature which can be precisely regulated. This ability to regulate the temperature precisely allows it to be adjusted in very specific areas. Thus the pouring temperature Te in the channel can be very close to the liquidus, without risk of solidification of the metal.
Le diagramme de la Fig. 3 représente un diagramme d'équilibre d'un alliage cuivre-nickel. La courbe supérieure L est appelée liquidus, la courbe inférieure S solidus.The diagram in FIG. 3 represents an equilibrium diagram of a copper-nickel alloy. The upper curve L is called liquidus, the lower curve S solidus.
L'ordonnée indique la température en degré Celsius, l'abscisse le pourcentage de cuivre et de nickel en partant d'un métal à 100 % de cuivre à l'origine, le diagramme se termine par un métal constitué de 100 % de nickel. L'alliage métallique à une température supérieure au liquidus L est liquide. S'il est à une température inférieure au solidus S, il s'agit d'une solution solide.The ordinate indicates the temperature in degrees Celsius, the abscissa the percentage of copper and nickel starting from a metal 100% copper originally, the diagram ends with a metal made of 100% nickel. The metal alloy at a temperature higher than the liquidus L is liquid. If it is at a temperature lower than solidus S, it is a solid solution.
Le chauffage par induction permet d'avoir une bonne précision de la température par les paramètres électriques. La régulation précise permet de travailler à des températures relativement basses (par exemple à 50°C au dessus du liquidus) .Induction heating provides good temperature accuracy through electrical parameters. The precise regulation makes it possible to work at relatively low temperatures (for example at 50 ° C above the liquidus).
L'exemple représenté à la Fig. 3 montre que l'on peut couler un alliage de 80 % de nickel et 20 % de cuivre à 1450°C à la température TC située à 50°C au-dessus de la température TL du liquidus L. Une telle température TC The example shown in FIG. 3 shows that an alloy of 80% nickel and 20% copper can be cast at 1450 ° C. at the temperature TC situated at 50 ° C. above the temperature TL of the liquidus L. Such a temperature TC
puits de coulée du moule 27 et évite que le métal 28 fige à la partie supérieure de l'organe 1 lors de la coulée, ceci est particulièrement accentué lorsque les cycles de coulée sont longs.mold casting well 27 and prevents the metal 28 from freezing at the upper part of the member 1 during casting, this is particularly accentuated when the casting cycles are long.
La Fig. 4 illustre sur un schéma le réglage de la température par des variations de tension aux bornes de l'inducteur 3.Fig. 4 illustrates on a diagram the adjustment of the temperature by variations in voltage across the terminals of the inductor 3.
L'abscisse indique la tension en kilo-Volt. L'ordonnée, la température du métal.The abscissa indicates the voltage in kilo-Volts. The ordinate, the temperature of the metal.
La ligne horizontale pointillée représente la température de liquidus mesurée au refroidissement de l'alliage utilisé lors de l'expérience. Les essais ont montr que la température Te du métal dans l'organe était linéaire et proportionnelle à la tension appliquée aux bornes de 1' inducteur.The dotted horizontal line represents the liquidus temperature measured on cooling of the alloy used during the experiment. The tests showed that the temperature Te of the metal in the organ was linear and proportional to the voltage applied to the terminals of the inductor.
Le tableau ci-dessous correspondant à la courbe de la Fig. 4 montre les données relevées. Les abréviations suivantes sont utilisées :The table below corresponding to the curve of FIG. 4 shows the data recorded. The following abbreviations are used:

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1.- Procédé de fabrication d'un organe chauffant (1) de transfert de métal liquide (28), cet organe (1) du type à section transversale fermée débouchant à une extrémité par un orifice (2) de coulée pour l'alimentation d'au moins un moule (27) et du type comportant sur toute sa longueur au moins un moyen de chauffage constitué par un inducteur (3) en forme de bobine dont les spires refroidies sont parcourues par un courant électrique alternatif (~, U, F), caractérisé en ce que ledit procédé comporte au moins les étapes suivantes :1.- Method for manufacturing a heating member (1) for transferring liquid metal (28), this member (1) of the closed cross-section type opening at one end through a pouring orifice (2) for the supply at least one mold (27) and of the type comprising over its entire length at least one heating means constituted by an inductor (3) in the form of a coil whose cooled turns are traversed by an alternating electric current (~, U, F), characterized in that said method comprises at least the following steps:
- mise en place autour d'un tube réfractaire (4) d'un ensemble formant un revêtement isolant thermique (5) ,- installation around a refractory tube (4) of an assembly forming a thermal insulating coating (5),
- mise en forme autour et au contact de l'ensemble (5) de 1' inducteur (3) ,- shaping around and in contact with the assembly (5) of the inductor (3),
- centrage de 1 'ensemble (5) entouré de l'inducteur (3) dans une enveloppe métallique (6),centering of the assembly (5) surrounded by the inductor (3) in a metal casing (6),
- remplissage de l'espace situé entre l'inducteur (3) et l'enveloppe métallique (6) par une coulée sous vibrations d'un béton réfractaire (7),- filling the space between the inductor (3) and the metal casing (6) by a vibration casting of refractory concrete (7),
- étuvage dudit organe chauffant (1) de transmission de métal (28), après la prise du béton (7).- Steaming said heating element (1) of metal transmission (28), after setting of the concrete (7).
2.- Procédé suivant la revendication 1 caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend une ou des étapes(s) de découpe et/ou d'assemblage du tube réfractaire (4).2.- Method according to claim 1 characterized in that it comprises one or more steps (s) for cutting and / or assembling the refractory tube (4).
3.- Procédé suivant la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que l'ensemble formant revêtement isolant (5) est constitué d'une couche de béton réfractaire isolant (5a) et/ou d'au moins une nappe de matériau fibreux (5b).3.- Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the assembly forming an insulating coating (5) consists of a layer of insulating refractory concrete (5a) and / or at least one layer of fibrous material ( 5b).
4.- Procédé suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que le courant électrique alternatif d'alimentation de l'inducteur (3) est de moyenne ou haute fréquence (F), en particulier du type de 1000 à 15000 hertz. 5.- Organe chauffant (1) de transfert de métal liquide (28), cet organe (1) du type à section transversale t4.- Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the alternating electric current supplying the inductor (3) is of medium or high frequency (F), in particular of the type from 1000 to 15000 hertz. 5.- Heating member (1) for transferring liquid metal (28), this member (1) of the cross-section type t
coopérant avec la paroi interne cylindrique creuse d'une bague (20) par l'intermédiaire d'un béton damé (22).cooperating with the hollow cylindrical inner wall of a ring (20) by means of a grouted concrete (22).
10.- Application de l'organe chauffant suivant l'une des revendications 5 à 8 à un four (9) étanche de maintien liquide ou de fusion de métal (28), ledit four (9) étant alimenté en gaz sous pression (Pr en vue de pousser le métal liquide (28) dans le moule (27) par l'intermédiaire de 1 'organe chauffant (1 ) .10.- Application of the heating element according to one of claims 5 to 8 to a sealed furnace (9) for holding liquid or melting metal (28), said furnace (9) being supplied with gas under pressure (Pr in order to push the liquid metal (28) into the mold (27) via the heating element (1).
11.- Application de l'organe chauffant suivant l'une des revendications 5 à 8 à la coulée contregravitaire de métal sous basse pression (Pr).11.- Application of the heating element according to one of claims 5 to 8 to the countergravity casting of metal under low pressure (Pr).
12.- Utilisation de l'organe chauffant suivant l'une des revendications 5 à 8 pour l'obtention de pièces minces ou de forme complexe par l'alimentation sous pression (P) du métal liquide (28) dans le moule (27).12.- Use of the heating element according to one of claims 5 to 8 for obtaining thin parts or of complex shape by feeding under pressure (P) the liquid metal (28) into the mold (27) .
13.- Utilisation de l'organe chauffant suivant l'une des revendications 5 à 8 pour une coulée de métal (28) à température régulée, éventuellement proche du liquidus.13.- Use of the heating element according to one of claims 5 to 8 for a metal casting (28) at controlled temperature, possibly close to the liquidus.
14.- Utilisation de l'organe chauffant suivant l'une des revendications 5 à 8 pour une coulée de métal (28) à haut point de fusion et/ou fortement oxydable, en particulier pour des superalliages à base de nickel.14.- Use of the heating element according to one of claims 5 to 8 for a metal casting (28) with a high melting point and / or highly oxidizable, in particular for nickel-based superalloys.
15.- Utilisation de l'organe chauffant pour une coulée de métal conforme à la revendication 13 ou 14, ledit métal étant un acier.15.- Use of the heating element for a metal casting according to claim 13 or 14, said metal being a steel.
16.- Utilisation de l'organe chauffant pour le remplissage répétitif de moules de fonderie (27) avec l'un quelconque des métaux (28) selon l'une des revendications 13, 14, ou 15, le niveau supérieur (29) de liquide restant toujours dans la zone supérieure de l'organe de chauffage (1 ) . 16.- Use of the heating element for the repetitive filling of foundry molds (27) with any of the metals (28) according to one of claims 13, 14, or 15, the upper level (29) of liquid always remaining in the upper zone of the heating element (1).
EP94906249A 1993-02-08 1994-02-07 Method for producing a heating assembly for transferring liquid metal, heating assembly, application and use thereof Expired - Lifetime EP0682575B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9301497 1993-02-08
FR9301497A FR2701225B1 (en) 1993-02-08 1993-02-08 Method for manufacturing a liquid metal transfer heating element, heating element, its application and its use.
PCT/FR1994/000139 WO1994017938A1 (en) 1993-02-08 1994-02-07 Method for producing a heating assembly for transferring liquid metal, heating assembly, application and use thereof

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0682575A1 true EP0682575A1 (en) 1995-11-22
EP0682575B1 EP0682575B1 (en) 1996-11-13

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EP (1) EP0682575B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2740354B2 (en)
KR (1) KR0178580B1 (en)
BR (1) BR9406160A (en)
CA (1) CA2155555C (en)
DE (1) DE69400909T2 (en)
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ES (1) ES2094648T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2701225B1 (en)
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RU (1) RU2107237C1 (en)
WO (1) WO1994017938A1 (en)
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US8056608B2 (en) 2008-04-25 2011-11-15 Goodwin Plc Method of mitigating against thermal contraction induced cracking during casting of a super Ni alloy

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US8056608B2 (en) 2008-04-25 2011-11-15 Goodwin Plc Method of mitigating against thermal contraction induced cracking during casting of a super Ni alloy
EP2180281A1 (en) * 2008-10-27 2010-04-28 Krown Servicios Integrales de Fundición, S.A. Liquid metal dispensing oven

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ES2094648T3 (en) 1997-01-16
DK0682575T3 (en) 1997-04-28
US5708257A (en) 1998-01-13
JPH08502451A (en) 1996-03-19
PL310124A1 (en) 1995-11-27
CA2155555A1 (en) 1994-08-18
EP0682575B1 (en) 1996-11-13
DE69400909D1 (en) 1996-12-19
BR9406160A (en) 1996-01-02
FR2701225B1 (en) 1995-04-21
PL178393B1 (en) 2000-04-28
FR2701225A1 (en) 1994-08-12
WO1994017938A1 (en) 1994-08-18
JP2740354B2 (en) 1998-04-15
ZA94602B (en) 1994-09-26
RU2107237C1 (en) 1998-03-20
KR0178580B1 (en) 1999-02-18
CA2155555C (en) 2002-09-17
DE69400909T2 (en) 1997-03-13

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