EP0680895A1 - Blister package for an optical lens - Google Patents
Blister package for an optical lens Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0680895A1 EP0680895A1 EP95810270A EP95810270A EP0680895A1 EP 0680895 A1 EP0680895 A1 EP 0680895A1 EP 95810270 A EP95810270 A EP 95810270A EP 95810270 A EP95810270 A EP 95810270A EP 0680895 A1 EP0680895 A1 EP 0680895A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- flange
- blister pack
- cavity
- grip
- cover layer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 4
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 4
- 210000003811 finger Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920002818 (Hydroxyethyl)methacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- WOBHKFSMXKNTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroxyethyl methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCCO WOBHKFSMXKNTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001477 hydrophilic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003813 thumb Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D75/00—Packages comprising articles or materials partially or wholly enclosed in strips, sheets, blanks, tubes, or webs of flexible sheet material, e.g. in folded wrappers
- B65D75/28—Articles or materials wholly enclosed in composite wrappers, i.e. wrappers formed by associating or interconnecting two or more sheets or blanks
- B65D75/30—Articles or materials enclosed between two opposed sheets or blanks having their margins united, e.g. by pressure-sensitive adhesive, crimping, heat-sealing, or welding
- B65D75/32—Articles or materials enclosed between two opposed sheets or blanks having their margins united, e.g. by pressure-sensitive adhesive, crimping, heat-sealing, or welding one or both sheets or blanks being recessed to accommodate contents
- B65D75/36—Articles or materials enclosed between two opposed sheets or blanks having their margins united, e.g. by pressure-sensitive adhesive, crimping, heat-sealing, or welding one or both sheets or blanks being recessed to accommodate contents one sheet or blank being recessed and the other formed of relatively stiff flat sheet material, e.g. blister packages, the recess or recesses being preformed
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D77/00—Packages formed by enclosing articles or materials in preformed containers, e.g. boxes, cartons, sacks or bags
- B65D77/10—Container closures formed after filling
- B65D77/20—Container closures formed after filling by applying separate lids or covers, i.e. flexible membrane or foil-like covers
- B65D77/2024—Container closures formed after filling by applying separate lids or covers, i.e. flexible membrane or foil-like covers the cover being welded or adhered to the container
- B65D77/2028—Means for opening the cover other than, or in addition to, a pull tab
- B65D77/2032—Means for opening the cover other than, or in addition to, a pull tab by peeling or tearing the cover from the container
- B65D77/2036—Means for opening the cover other than, or in addition to, a pull tab by peeling or tearing the cover from the container the seal having a stress concentrating portion
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D1/00—Containers having bodies formed in one piece, e.g. by casting metallic material, by moulding plastics, by blowing vitreous material, by throwing ceramic material, by moulding pulped fibrous material, by deep-drawing operations performed on sheet material
- B65D1/22—Boxes or like containers with side walls of substantial depth for enclosing contents
- B65D1/26—Thin-walled containers, e.g. formed by deep-drawing operations
- B65D1/30—Groups of containers joined together end-to-end or side-by-side
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D2585/00—Containers, packaging elements or packages specially adapted for particular articles or materials
- B65D2585/54—Containers, packaging elements or packages specially adapted for particular articles or materials for articles of special shape not otherwise provided for
- B65D2585/545—Contact lenses
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S134/00—Cleaning and liquid contact with solids
- Y10S134/901—Contact lens
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a blister pack for an optical lens, in particular a soft hydrophilic contact lens, according to the preamble of the independent claim.
- Soft hydrophilic contact lenses are generally made from hydrophilic polymer material such as e.g. Copolymers of hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) produced and can have a water content of 20% to 90% and more, depending on the polymer composition.
- HEMA hydroxyethyl methacrylate
- Such contact lenses must be stored and stored in a sterile aqueous solution, usually an isotonic saline solution, to avoid drying out and to keep the lenses ready for use.
- US-A-4,691,820 (EP-B-0 223 581) describes a blister pack of the generic type intended for such soft hydrophilic contact lenses.
- the cavity of this pack that receives the contact lens is expressly not adapted to the shape of the contact lens.
- the cavity is provided with a sliding ramp in the form of an oblique surface which takes up the entire width of the cavity and extends from the bottom of the cavity into the plane of the flange. Due to its specific shape, this pack requires an unnecessarily large volume of storage solution and, as practical tests have shown, it is still relatively cumbersome to use, and it can be relatively easy for the storage solution to spill when the package is opened.
- a blister pack of the generic type is to be improved in terms of its practical handling and its need for storage solution.
- the inventive design of the cavity in the form of drops allows, on the one hand, due to its obliquely increasing course, a particularly convenient removal of the contact lens from the base part and, on the other hand, because of the close adaptation of the cavity shape to the shape of the contact lens, enables an extremely low volume of storage solution to be used.
- the embodiment according to claim 2 makes it particularly easy to grasp the cover layer for the purpose of pulling it off the base part.
- the support element according to claim 3 gives the blister pack according to the invention a high stability against tipping when it is placed on a base when opened. The same applies to the rear support element according to claim 4.
- the side grip elements according to claim 5 facilitate holding the blister pack in the hand during the opening process.
- the paired stackable design of the blister pack according to claim 6 allows space-saving storage of several blister packs in a box or a similar overpack.
- the blister pack consists of a base part B and a cover layer D.
- the base part B comprises a cavity C, which accommodates a soft hydrophilic contact lens L and a sterile storage solution S suitable for the lens type, and an essentially flat flange 1, which is round on the outside extends around or surrounds the cavity C.
- the likewise flat cover layer D is releasably sealed to the flange 1 in a sealing zone 2 which extends around the circumference of the cavity C.
- the flange 1 is designed somewhat wider on one side of the cavity C and there has a grip area 3 which extends from the cavity C beyond the sealing zone 2 and is covered by a corresponding grip area 4 of the cover layer D.
- the base part B or its flange 1 and the cover layer D are not sealed to one another, so that the cover layer can simply be lifted off the flange at this point and then removed further from the base part.
- the two grip areas 3 and 4 of the flange 1 and the cover layer D form as gripping means for separating the cover layer from the base part or its flange.
- the cover layer D is shown partially removed from the base part.
- the blister pack according to the invention fully corresponds to that known, for example, from US Pat. No. 4,691,820 already mentioned at the beginning conventional blister packs for contact lenses.
- the base part B can be produced by injection molding or deep drawing, for example from polypropylene.
- the cover layer D can be, for example, a laminate of an aluminum foil and a polypropylene foil.
- the cover layer can carry a print with information about the contact lens contained in the pack or other information for the end user or the dealer.
- the sealing of the cover layer with the base part or its flange can be carried out by applying temperature or ultrasound or by means of another suitable adhesive method.
- Other suitable materials and methods for producing such a blister pack are known to the person skilled in the art and are described, for example, in the already mentioned US Pat. No. 4,691,820, which is hereby declared to be an integral part of the present patent description.
- the design of the base part B or its flange 1 can best be seen from the top view according to FIG. 2.
- the flat flange 1 has an approximately rectangular shape in the broadest sense and is delimited on both sides by two parallel, essentially straight edges 5 and 6. On its other two sides, the flange 1 is delimited by a curved front edge 7 and a curved rear edge 8.
- the relative indications "front”, “rear” and “laterally” refer here and below to the longitudinal axis of the flange 1 or the blister pack defined by the center line M between the two straight boundary edges 5 and 6, with "front” the part of the flange 1 containing the grip area 3 is meant.
- the rear region of the base part B or its flange 1 is to be understood as the region of the base part B or the flange 1 opposite the grip region 3 with respect to the cavity C.
- the two straight boundary edges 5 and 6 are therefore on the side.
- the top side is to be understood to mean the side of the base part B provided with the cover layer D, the bottom side corresponding to the side of the base part opposite the top side and facing away from the cover layer D.
- the cavity C receiving the contact lens and the storage solution is arranged in the rear and middle area of the base part.
- the cavity C consists of two sections that merge smoothly and continuously.
- the first section of the Cavity C is an essentially spherical cap-shaped main space 11, the dimensions of which are selected such that it can hold contact lenses of all common sizes, but is not significantly larger than this.
- a practical value of the diameter of the main space 11 measured in the plane E of the flange 1 is, for example, about 20 mm, a practical value for the depth of the main space measured with respect to the plane E of the flange 1 is about 6 mm.
- the second section of the cavity C is an adjoining space 12, the shape of which can best be compared to that of a tapering or funnel-like groove which becomes narrower and flatter continuously in the direction away from the main space 11.
- This adjoining room 12 adjoins the main room 11 laterally or, in the above terminology, at the front and, as already mentioned, merges smoothly into the latter.
- the dividing line 13 entered in FIG. 2 between the two cavity sections is therefore not recognizable in reality.
- the geometric spatial shape of the adjoining room 12 is such that the main room 11 and the adjoining room 12, that is to say the cavity C, have an asymmetrical drop-shaped contour 14 in the plane E of the flange 1.
- the tip 14a of the "drop” lies approximately on the center line M or longitudinal axis of the base part and is directed forward against the grip area 3 of the flange 1.
- the sealing zone 2 already mentioned is located around the circumference or the contour 14 of the cavity C. Because of the teardrop shape of the contour 14, the sealing zone 2 likewise has a tip 2a at which the peeling movement begins and facilitates this.
- the teardrop shape of the cavity C allows the lens to be removed very easily and conveniently, with only an extremely small dead volume which cannot be taken up by the lens, so that only an extremely small amount of storage solution is required for safe storage of the lens.
- its front area In contrast to the rear area of the flange 1, its front area, that is to say its grip area 3, is asymmetrical with respect to the center line M and essentially has the shape of a rounded sawtooth, each with a steeper (ie less inclined to the center line M) and a flatter ( ie to the center line M more inclined) convexly curved flank 7a or 7b and a rounded tip 7c lying in between.
- the rounded tip 7c lies approximately in the middle between the center line M and the rectilinear lateral boundary edge 5.
- the steeper flank 7a merges into a slightly concavely curved section 7d, to which the rectilinear lateral boundary edge 5 adjoins.
- the two flanks 7a and 7b, the rounded tip 7c and the concave edge region 7d together form the curved one Boundary edge 7 of the front area 3 of the flange 1.
- an opening 15 in the flange 1 of essentially oval or elliptical shape the longer axis of which is at an angle with the center line M. includes around 60 °.
- the size of the opening 15 is dimensioned such that the finger ball of the person handling the blister pack can partially reach through it and in this way lifts the overlying grip area 4 of the cover layer D from the grip area 3 of the flange 1. This allows the cover layer D to be gripped comfortably and removed from the base part B.
- the opening 15 provides a more secure grip when holding the blister pack in hand.
- a front support element 16 Arranged in the grip area 3 of the flange 1 is a front support element 16 which is angled with respect to the plane E of the flange 1 and which extends on both sides of the rounded tip 7c of the grip area 3 into the flanks 7a and 7b of the front curved boundary edge 7 of the grip area 3 is inclined slightly outwards relative to a direction N perpendicular to the plane E of the flange 1.
- the support element 16 has a lower boundary edge 16a parallel to the plane E of the flange 1 and two curved lateral boundary edges 16b and 16c.
- the outward inclination of the support element 16 is less in the area of the steeper flank 7a of the grip area 3 and increases continuously in the direction of the flatter flank 7b of the grip area 3.
- the minimum and maximum values of the outward inclination to the direction N of the normal to the plane E of the flange 1 are approximately 2-5 ° and 10-20 °.
- a rear support element 17 is arranged approximately in the region of the center line M, which is angled at an angle of approximately 90-95 ° to the plane E of the flange 1 relative to the latter downwards (slightly outwards) and also one to the plane E of the flange 1 has a parallel lower boundary edge 17a.
- the rear support element 17 is comparatively narrow.
- the heights of the front and rear support elements 16 and 17 measured perpendicular to the plane E of the flange 1 are preferably of the same size and dimensioned such that an imaginary tangential plane T applied to their lower boundary edges 16a and 17a just touches or slightly touches the underside of the cavity C. lies below ( Figure 3).
- the relatively wide front support element 16 and the relatively narrow rear support element 17 together form a type of tripod which gives the blister pack a high level of stability (tilt stability) when placed on a reasonably flat surface.
- the rear support element 17 may possibly also be omitted, in which case the blister pack would be supported on the front support element 16 and the underside of the cavity C with approximately the same stability against tipping.
- the front support element 16 can of course also be divided into two or more narrower elements, which overall have approximately the shape of the support element 16.
- the front support element 16 also serves as a grip aid for the convenient and safe handling of the blister pack. Due to the shape of the base part, a user intuitively grips the blister pack by placing his index finger under the grip area 3 between the front support element 16 and the tip 14a of the drop-shaped cavity C and pressing his thumb against the front support element 16 from the outside.
- the described special shape of the grip area 3 and the front support element 16 is very ergonomic and allows the blister pack to be held comfortably and securely while the cover layer D is pulled off the base part B.
- two handle elements 18 and 19 are arranged on the base part B on both sides of the flange 1, approximately at the height of the greatest width of the cavity C, which are approximately at right angles to the plane of the flange 1 angled downward, but only about half as high as the two support elements 16 and 17.
- the user holds the blister pack in principle with three fingers that press against the two handle elements 18 and 19 and the rear support element 17.
- the blister pack according to the invention can be stacked in pairs.
- two blister packs or base parts B are nested with one another with their undersides, the cavity C of one pack in each case being located in the grip area 3 of the other pack and vice versa, that is to say the two packs are mutually rotated by 180 ° and in the longitudinal direction against one another are only slightly offset.
- the flanges 1 of the two packs are parallel. This way, several blister packs can be very space-saving in a common box or other packaging.
- a particularly expedient development of the blister pack according to the invention consists in that several base parts, for example five base parts B1-B5 here according to FIG. 8, are strung together laterally and connected to one another by a common, continuous cover layer D '.
- the cover layer D ' can be provided in the area of the parting lines between the individual base parts B1-B5 with predetermined breaking lines 20 for easier separation of the individual packs.
- Such packs can also be stacked in pairs.
- Packing composites of this type are particularly advantageous for so-called disposable contact lenses, e.g. one box can contain three times two units of five blister packs each.
- the blister pack according to the invention is extremely handy, space-saving and stable, can be opened easily and conveniently, comes with an extremely small amount of storage solution and allows the contact lens contained in it to be removed particularly conveniently.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Packages (AREA)
- Purses, Travelling Bags, Baskets, Or Suitcases (AREA)
- Eyeglasses (AREA)
- Packaging Frangible Articles (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Blisterpackung für eine optische Linse, insbesondere eine weiche hydrophile Kontaktlinse, gemäss dem Oberbegriff des unabhängigen Patentanspruchs.The present invention relates to a blister pack for an optical lens, in particular a soft hydrophilic contact lens, according to the preamble of the independent claim.
Weiche hydrophile Kontaktlinsen werden im allgemeinen aus hydrophilem Polymermaterial wie z.B. Copolymeren von Hydroxyethylmethacrylat (HEMA) hergestellt und können je nach Polymerzusammensetzung einen Wassergehalt von 20% bis 90% und mehr aufweisen. Solche Kontaktlinsen müssen in einer sterilen wässrigen Lösung, üblicherweise einer isotonischen Kochsalzlösung, aufbewahrt und gelagert werden, um Austrocknung zu vermeiden und die Linsen gebrauchsfertig zu halten.Soft hydrophilic contact lenses are generally made from hydrophilic polymer material such as e.g. Copolymers of hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) produced and can have a water content of 20% to 90% and more, depending on the polymer composition. Such contact lenses must be stored and stored in a sterile aqueous solution, usually an isotonic saline solution, to avoid drying out and to keep the lenses ready for use.
In der US-A-4 691 820 (EP-B-0 223 581) ist eine für solche weichen hydrophilen Kontaktlinsen bestimmte Blisterpackung der gattungsgemässen Art beschrieben. Der die Kontaktlinse aufnehmende Hohlraum dieser Packung ist ausdrücklich nicht an die Gestalt der Kontaktlinse angepasst. Zur Erleichterung der Entnahme der Kontaktlinse ist der Hohlraum mit einer Gleitrampe in Form einer die gesamte Breite des Hohlraums einnehmenden Schrägfläche versehen, die sich vom Boden des Hohlraums bis in die Ebene des Flansches erstreckt. Diese Packung bedarf aufgrund ihrer spezifischen Form eines unnötig grossen Volumens an Aufbewahrungslösung und ist ausserdem, wie Praxisversuche gezeigt haben, immer noch relativ umständlich in ihrer praktischen Handhabung, wobei es relativ leicht passieren kann, dass die Aufbewahrungslösung während des Öffnens der Packung verschüttet wird.US-A-4,691,820 (EP-B-0 223 581) describes a blister pack of the generic type intended for such soft hydrophilic contact lenses. The cavity of this pack that receives the contact lens is expressly not adapted to the shape of the contact lens. To facilitate the removal of the contact lens, the cavity is provided with a sliding ramp in the form of an oblique surface which takes up the entire width of the cavity and extends from the bottom of the cavity into the plane of the flange. Due to its specific shape, this pack requires an unnecessarily large volume of storage solution and, as practical tests have shown, it is still relatively cumbersome to use, and it can be relatively easy for the storage solution to spill when the package is opened.
Durch die vorliegende Erfindung sollen nun diese Nachteile der bekannten Blisterpackung vermieden werden. Konkret soll dabei eine Blisterpackung der gattungsgemässen Art hinsichtlich ihrer praktischen Handhabbarkeit und ihres Bedarfs an Aufbewahrungslösung verbessert werden.These disadvantages of the known blister pack are to be avoided by the present invention. Specifically, a blister pack of the generic type is to be improved in terms of its practical handling and its need for storage solution.
Die erfindungsgemässe Blisterpackung, die dieser Aufgabenstellung genügt, ist im unabhängigen Anspruch definiert. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen und Ausgestaltungen ergeben sich aus den abhängigen Ansprüchen.The blister pack according to the invention, which meets this task, is defined in the independent claim. Advantageous further developments and refinements result from the dependent claims.
Die erfindungsgemässe Ausbildung des Hohlraums in Tropfenform erlaubt einerseits aufgrund ihres schräg ansteigenden Verlaufs eine besonders bequeme Entnahme der Kontaktlinse aus dem Basisteil und ermöglicht anderseits wegen der nahen Anpassung der Hohlraumform an die Gestalt der Kontaktlinse, mit einem extrem niedrigen Volumen an Aufbewahrungslösung auszukommen.The inventive design of the cavity in the form of drops allows, on the one hand, due to its obliquely increasing course, a particularly convenient removal of the contact lens from the base part and, on the other hand, because of the close adaptation of the cavity shape to the shape of the contact lens, enables an extremely low volume of storage solution to be used.
Durch die Ausbildung gemäss Anspruch 2 wird eine besonders leichte Erfassbarkeit der Deckschicht zum Zwecke des Abziehens derselben vom Basisteil erreicht.The embodiment according to
Das Stützelement gemäss Anspruch 3 verleiht der erfindungsgemässen Blisterpackung eine hohe Kippstabilität, wenn sie beim Öffnen auf einer Unterlage aufgelegt ist. Dasselbe gilt für das hintere Stützelement gemäss Anspruch 4.The support element according to
Die seitlichen Griffelemente gemäss Anspruch 5 erleichtern das Festhalten der Blisterpackung während des Öffnungsvorgangs in der Hand.The side grip elements according to
Die paarweise stapelbare Ausbildung der Blisterpackung gemäss Anspruch 6 erlaubt eine platzsparende Unterbringung mehrerer Blisterpackungen in einer Schachtel oder einer ähnlichen Überverpackung.The paired stackable design of the blister pack according to
Die in den Ansprüchen 7-10 beschriebenen Ausgestaltungen des Basisteils und der Stützelemente tragen zu einer besonders ergonomischen und praktischen Handhabbarkeit der Blisterpackung bei.The configurations of the base part and the support elements described in claims 7-10 contribute to a particularly ergonomic and practical handling of the blister pack.
Die Aneinanderreihung mehrerer Blisterpackungen gemäss Anspruch 11 stellt eine besonders ökonomische und zweckmässige Verpackungsform dar.The stringing together of several blister packs according to
Weitere Details und Vorteile der erfindungsgemässen Blisterpackung ergeben sich aus der nachstehenden detaillierten Beschreibung eines Ausführungsbeispiels in Verbindung mit der Zeichnung. In dieser zeigen:
- Fig. 1
- eine Schrägansicht der erfindungsgemässen Bisterpackung,
- Fig.2
- eine Ansicht des Basisteils der Blisterpackung von oben in Richtung des Pfeils II der Fig. 1,
- Fig.3
- eine Seitenansicht des Basisteils in Richtung des Pfeils III der Fig.2,
- Fig.4
- eine Seitenansicht des Basisteils von hinten in Richtung des Pfeils IV der Fig.2,
- Fig.5
- einen Längsschnitt durch die Blisterpackung nach der Linie V-V der Fig.2,
- Fig.6
- einen Querschnitt durch die Blisterpackung nach der Linie VI-VI der Fig.2,
- Fig.7
- einen Längsschnitt analog Fig.5 durch zwei in einander gestapelte Blisterpackungen und
- Fig.8
- eine Draufsicht auf fünf Seite an Seite aneinandergereihte, durch eine gemeinsame durchgehende Deckschicht verbundene Blisterpackungen.
- Fig. 1
- 2 shows an oblique view of the tin pack according to the invention,
- Fig. 2
- a view of the base part of the blister pack from above in the direction of Arrow II of FIG. 1,
- Fig. 3
- a side view of the base part in the direction of arrow III of Figure 2,
- Fig. 4
- 2 shows a side view of the base part from behind in the direction of arrow IV in FIG. 2,
- Fig. 5
- a longitudinal section through the blister pack along the line VV of Figure 2,
- Fig. 6
- 3 shows a cross section through the blister pack along the line VI-VI of FIG. 2,
- Fig. 7
- a longitudinal section analogous to Figure 5 through two stacked blister packs and
- Fig. 8
- a plan view of five side-by-side, blister packs connected by a common continuous cover layer.
Die Blisterpackung besteht darstellungsgemäss aus einem Basisteil B und einer Deckschicht D. Der Basisteil B umfasst einen Hohlraum C, der eine weiche hydrophile Kontaktlinse L und eine für den Linsentyp geeignete sterile Aufbewahrungslösung S aufnimmt, sowie einen im wesentlichen ebenen Flansch 1, der sich aussen rund um den Hohlraum C erstreckt bzw. diesen umgibt. Die ebenfalls flache Deckschicht D ist mit dem Flansch 1 in einer sich um den Umfang des Hohlraums C erstreckenden Versiegelungszone 2 lösbar versiegelt. Der Flansch 1 ist an einer Seite des Hohlraums C etwas breiter ausgebildet und weist dort einen Griffbereich 3 auf, der sich vom Hohlraum C weg über die Versiegelungszone 2 hinaus erstreckt und von einem entsprechenden Griffbereich 4 der Deckschicht D überdeckt ist. In diesen Griffbereichen 3 und 4 sind der Basisteil B bzw. dessen Flansch 1 und die Deckschicht D nicht mit einander versiegelt, so dass die Deckschicht an dieser Stelle einfach vom Flansch abgehoben und dann weiter vom Basisteil abgezogen werden kann. Die beiden Griffbereiche 3 und 4 des Flansches 1 und der Deckschicht D bilden als Greifmittel zum Abtrennen der Deckschicht vom Basisteil bzw. dessen Flansch. In Figur 1 ist die Deckschicht D teilweise vom Basisteil abgezogen dargestellt.As shown, the blister pack consists of a base part B and a cover layer D. The base part B comprises a cavity C, which accommodates a soft hydrophilic contact lens L and a sterile storage solution S suitable for the lens type, and an essentially
Soweit, d.h. in dieser allgemeinen Form, entspricht die erfindungsgemässe Blisterpackung voll und ganz den z.B. aus der schon eingangs erwähnten US-A-4 691 820 bekannten herkömmlichen Blisterpackungen für Kontaktlinsen. Der Basisteil B kann im Spritzgiess- oder Tiefziehverfahren z.B. aus Polypropylen hergestellt sein. Die Deckschicht D kann z.B. ein Laminat aus einer Aluminiumfolie und einer Polypropylenfolie sein. Die Deckschicht kann einen Aufdruck mit Angaben über die in der Packung enthaltene Kontaktlinse oder sonstigen Informationen für den Endverbraucher oder den Händler tragen. Die Versiegelung der Deckschicht mit dem Basisteil bzw. dessen Flansch kann durch Temperatur- oder Ultraschall-Beaufschlagung oder mittels eines anderen geeigneten Klebeverfahrens erfolgen. Weitere geeignete Materialien und Verfahren zur Herstellung einer solchen Blisterpackung sind dem Fachmann bekannt und zum Beispiel in der schon genannten US-A-4 691 820 beschrieben, welche hiermit zum integrierenden Bestandteil der vorliegenden Patentbeschreibung erklärt wird.As far as this is concerned, ie in this general form, the blister pack according to the invention fully corresponds to that known, for example, from US Pat. No. 4,691,820 already mentioned at the beginning conventional blister packs for contact lenses. The base part B can be produced by injection molding or deep drawing, for example from polypropylene. The cover layer D can be, for example, a laminate of an aluminum foil and a polypropylene foil. The cover layer can carry a print with information about the contact lens contained in the pack or other information for the end user or the dealer. The sealing of the cover layer with the base part or its flange can be carried out by applying temperature or ultrasound or by means of another suitable adhesive method. Other suitable materials and methods for producing such a blister pack are known to the person skilled in the art and are described, for example, in the already mentioned US Pat. No. 4,691,820, which is hereby declared to be an integral part of the present patent description.
Die Unterschiede der erfindungsgemässen Blisterpackung gegenüber den herkömmlichen Blisterpackungen der gattungsgemässen Art bestehen im wesentlichen in der speziellen Ausgestaltung des Basisteils B. Die folgenden detaillierten Erläuterungen konzentrieren sich daher vor allem darauf.The differences between the blister pack according to the invention and the conventional blister packs of the generic type essentially consist in the special design of the base part B. The following detailed explanations therefore concentrate primarily on this.
Die Ausbildung des Basisteils B bzw. dessen Flansches 1 ist am besten aus der Draufsicht gemäss Figur 2 erkennbar. Der ebene Flansch 1 hat eine im weitesten Sinn etwa rechteckige Gestalt und ist an seinen beiden Seiten durch zwei parallele, im wesentliche gerade Kanten 5 und 6 begrenzt. An seinen beiden anderen Seiten ist der Flansch 1 durch eine gekrümmte vordere Kante 7 und eine gekrümmte hintere Kante 8 begrenzt. Die Relativangaben "vorne","hinten" und "seitlich" beziehen sich dabei hier und im folgenden auf die durch die Mittellinie M zwischen den beiden geraden Begrenzungskanten 5 und 6 definierte Längsachse des Flansches 1 bzw. der Blisterpackung überhaupt, wobei mit "vorne" der den Griffbereich 3 enthaltende Teil des Flansches 1 gemeint ist. Entsprechend ist unter dem hinteren Bereich des Basisteils B bzw. dessen Flansches 1 der dem Griffbereich 3 bezüglich des Hohlraums C gegenüberliegende Bereich des Basisteils B bzw. des Flansches 1 zu verstehen. Die beiden geraden Begrenzungskanten 5 und 6 befinden sich demzufolge seitlich. Unter Oberseite ist die mit der Deckschicht D versehene Seite des Basisteils B zu verstehen, unter Unterseite entsprechend die der Oberseite gegenüberliegende, der Deckschicht D abgewandte Seite des Basisteils.The design of the base part B or its
Der die Kontaktlinse und die Aufbewahrungslösung aufnehmende Hohlraum C ist im hinteren und mittleren Bereich des Basisteils angeordnet. Der Hohlraum C besteht aus zwei Abschnitten, die stetig und glatt in einander übergehen. Der erste Abschnitt des Hohlraums C ist ein im wesentlichen kugelkalottenförmiger Hauptraum 11, dessen Abmessungen so gewählt sind, dass er Kontaktlinsen aller gängigen Grössen aufnehmen kann, aber nicht wesentlich grösser als diese ist. Ein praktischer Wert des in der Ebene E des Flansches 1 gemessenen Durchmessers des Hauptraums 11 ist z.B. etwa 20 mm, ein praktischer Wert für die bezüglich der Ebene E des Flansches 1 gemessene Tiefe des Hauptraums ist etwa 6 mm. Der zweite Abschnitt des Hohlraums C ist ein Nebenraum 12, dessen Form am besten mit dem einer sich verjüngenden bzw. trichterartigen Rinne verglichen werden kann, welche in Richtung vom Hauptraum 11 weg kontinuierlich schmäler und flacher wird. Dieser Nebenraum 12 schliesst sich seitlich bzw., in der vorstehenden Terminologie, vorne an den Hauptraum 11 an und geht, wie schon erwähnt, glatt in diesen über. Die in Figur 2 eingetragene Trennlinie 13 zwischen den beiden Hohlraumabschnitten ist daher in Realität nicht erkennbar. Die geometrische Raumform des Nebenraums 12 ist derart, dass Hauptraum 11 und Nebenraum 12 zusammen, also der Hohlraum C, in der Ebene E des Flansches 1 eine unsymmetrische tropfenförmige Kontur 14 aufweisen. Die Spitze 14a des "Tropfens" liegt dabei ungefähr auf der Mittellinie M bzw. Längsachse des Basisteils und ist nach vorne gegen den Griffbereich 3 des Flansches 1 gerichtet. Um den Umfang bzw. die Kontur 14 des Hohlraums C herum befindet sich die schon erwähnte Versiegelungszone 2. Aufgrund der Tropfenform der Kontur 14 besitzt die Versiegelungszone 2 ebenfalls eine Spitze 2a, an der die Abziehbewegung beginnt und diese erleichert.The cavity C receiving the contact lens and the storage solution is arranged in the rear and middle area of the base part. The cavity C consists of two sections that merge smoothly and continuously. The first section of the Cavity C is an essentially spherical cap-shaped
Die Tropfenform des Hohlraums C erlaubt eine sehr einfache und bequeme Entnahme der Linse, wobei nur ein extrem geringes, nicht von der Linse einnehmbares Totvolumen vorhanden ist, so dass zur sicheren Aufbewahrung der Linse nur eine extrem kleine Menge Aufbewahrungslösung erforderlich ist.The teardrop shape of the cavity C allows the lens to be removed very easily and conveniently, with only an extremely small dead volume which cannot be taken up by the lens, so that only an extremely small amount of storage solution is required for safe storage of the lens.
Im Unterschied zum hinteren Bereich des Flansches 1 ist dessen vorderer Bereich, also dessen Griffbereich 3, bezüglich der Mittellinie M unsymmetrisch ausgebildet und hat im wesentlichen die Gestalt eines abgerundeten Sägezahns mit je einer steileren (d.h. zur Mittellinie M weniger stark geneigten) und einer flacheren (d.h. zur Mittellinie M stärker geneigten) konvex gekrümmten Flanke 7a bzw. 7b und einer dazwischen liegenden abgerundeten Spitze 7c. Die abgerundete Spitze 7c liegt etwa in der Mitte zwischen der Mittellinie M und der geradlinigen seitlichen Begrenzungskante 5. Die steilere Flanke 7a geht in einen leicht konkav gerümmten Abschnitt 7d über, an den sich die geradlinige seitliche Begrenzungskante 5 anschliesst. Die beiden Flanken 7a und 7b, die abgerundete Spitze 7c und der konkave Kantenbereich 7d bilden zusammen die gekrümmte Begrenzungskante 7 des vorderen Bereichs 3 des Flansches 1.In contrast to the rear area of the
Etwa in der Mitte zwischen der abgerundeten Spitze 7c des Griffbereichs 3 und der Spitze 14a der tropfenförmigen Kontur 14 des Hohlraums C befindet sich im Flansch 1 eine Öffnung 15 von im wesentlichen ovaler bzw. elliptischer Gestalt, deren längere Achse mit der Mittellinie M einen Winkel von rund 60° einschliesst. Die Grösse der Öffnung 15 ist so bemessen, dass der Fingerballen der die Blisterpackung handhabenden Person teilweise durch sie durchgreifen kann und auf diese Weise den darüberliegenden Griffbereich 4 der Deckschicht D vom Griffbereich 3 des Flansches 1 abhebt. Dadurch lässt sich die Deckschicht D bequem ergreifen und vom Basisteil B abziehen. Ausserdem ergibt die Öffnung 15 einen sichereren Griff beim Halten der Blisterpackung in der Hand.Approximately in the middle between the
Im Griffbereich 3 des Flansches 1 ist ein gegenüber der Ebene E des Flansches 1 abgewinkeltes vorderes Stützelement 16 angeordnet, welches sich zu beiden Seiten der abgerundeten Spitze 7c des Griffbereichs 3 in die Flanken 7a und 7b der vorderen gekrümmten Begrenzungskante 7 des Griffbereichs 3 hinein erstreckt und gegenüber einer zur Ebene E des Flansches 1 senkrechten Richtung N leicht auswärts geneigt ist. Das Stützelement 16 besitzt eine zur Ebene E des Flansches 1 parallele untere Begrenzungskante 16a und zwei geschwungene seitliche Begrenzungskanten 16b und 16c. Die Auswärtsneigung des Stützelements 16 ist im Bereich der steileren Flanke 7a des Griffbereichs 3 geringer und nimmt in Richtung auf die flachere Flanke 7b des Griffbereichs 3 kontinuierlich zu. Die Minimal- und Maximalwerte der Auswärtsneigung zur Richtung N der Normalen auf die Ebene E des Flansches 1 betragen etwa 2-5° bzw. 10-20°.Arranged in the
Im hinteren Bereich des Flansches 1 ist etwa im Bereich der Mittellinie M ein hinteres Stützelement 17 angeordnet, welches in einem Winkel von etwa 90-95° zur Ebene E des Flansches 1 gegenüber diesem nach unten (leicht auswärts) abgewinkelt ist und ebenfalls eine zur Ebene E des Flansches 1 parallele untere Begrenzungskante 17a aufweist. Im Unterschied zum vorderen Stützelement 16 ist das hintere Stützelement 17 jedoch vergleichsweise schmal ausgebildet.In the rear region of the
Die senkrecht zur Ebene E des Flansches 1 gemessenen Höhen des vorderen und des hinteren Stützelements 16 bzw. 17 sind vorzugsweise gleich gross und so bemessen, dass eine an ihre unteren Begrenzungskanten 16a und 17a angelegte gedachte Tangentialebene T die Unterseite des Hohlraums C gerade berührt oder geringfügig darunter liegt (Figur 3).The heights of the front and
Das relativ breite vordere Stützelement 16 und das relativ schmale hintere Stützelement 17 bilden zusammen eine Art Dreibein, das der Blisterpackung bei Auflage auf einer einigermassen ebenen Unterlage eine hohe Standsicherheit (Kippstabilität) verleiht. Das hintere Stützelement 17 kann eventuell auch entfallen, in diesem Falle würde sich die Blisterpackung bei annähernd gleicher Kippstabilität auf dem vorderen Stützelement 16 und der Unterseite des Hohlraums C abstützen. Das vordere Stützelement 16 kann selbstverständlich auch in zwei oder mehrere schmälere Elemente aufgeteilt sein, die insgesamt im wesentlichen etwa die Form des Stützelements 16 aufweisen.The relatively wide
Das vordere Stützelement 16 dient aufgrund seiner speziellen Formgebung und Anordnung gleichzeitig auch als Griffhilfe zur bequemen und sicheren Handhabung der Blisterpackung. Aufgrund der Form des Basisteils ergreift ein Benutzer die Blisterpackung intuitiv so, dass er seinen Zeigefinger unter den Griffbereich 3 zwischen dem vorderen Stützelement 16 und der Spitze 14a des tropfenförmigen Hohlraums C legt und mit seinem Daumen von aussen gegen das vordere Stützelement 16 drückt. Die beschriebene spezielle Formgebung des Griffbereichs 3 und des vorderen Stützelements 16 ist dabei sehr ergonomisch und erlaubt ein bequemes und sicheres Festhalten der Blisterpackung während des Abziehens der Deckschicht D vom Basisteil B.Due to its special shape and arrangement, the
Um dem Benutzer die Handhabung weiter zu erleichtern und alternative Haltemöglichkeiten zu bieten, sind am Basisteil B zu beiden Seiten des Flansches 1 etwa auf der Höhe der grössten Breite des Hohlraums C zwei Griffelemente 18 und 19 angeordnet, welche etwa im rechten Winkel zur Ebene des Flansches 1 nach unten abgewinkelt, dabei jedoch nur etwa halb so hoch wie die beiden Stützelemente 16 und 17 sind. Unter Ausnutzung dieser Griffelemente 18 und 19 hält der Benutzer die Blisterpackung im Prinzip mit drei Fingern, die gegen die beiden Griffelemente 18 und 19 und das hintere Stützelement 17 drücken.In order to further simplify handling for the user and to offer alternative holding options, two handle
Wie man insbesondere aus Figur 7 erkennt, kann die erfindungsgemässe Blisterpackung paarweise gestapelt werden. Dabei sind jeweils zwei Blisterpackungen bzw. Basisteile B mit ihren Unterseiten in einander verschachtelt, wobei jeweils der Hohlraum C der einen Packung im Griffbereich 3 der anderen Packung und umgekehrt zu liegen kommt, die beiden Packungen also um 180° gegenseitig verdreht angeordnet und in Längsrichtung gegeneinander nur geringfügig versetzt sind. Die Flansche 1 der beiden Packungen liegen dabei parallel. Auf diese Weise können mehrere Blisterpackungen sehr platzsparend in einer gemeinsamen Schachtel oder sonstigen Überverpackung untergebracht werden.As can be seen in particular from FIG. 7, the blister pack according to the invention can be stacked in pairs. In this case, two blister packs or base parts B are nested with one another with their undersides, the cavity C of one pack in each case being located in the
Eine besonders zweckmässige Weiterbildung der erfindungsgemässen Blisterpackung besteht darin, dass mehrere Basisteile, gemäss Figur 8 hier beispielsweise fünf Basisteile B1-B5, seitlich aneinandergereiht und durch eine gemeinsame, durchgehende Deckschicht D' mit einander verbunden sind. Die Deckschicht D' kann dabei im Bereich der Trennfugen zwischen den einzelnen Basisteilen B1-B5 mit Sollbruchlinien 20 zur leichteren Separation der einzelnen Packungen versehen sein. Wie man leicht erkennt, sind auch solche Packungsverbünde paarweise stapelbar. Packungsverbünde dieser Art sind besonders vorteilhaft für sogenannte Einmaltrage-Kontaktlinsen, wobei z.B. in einer Schachtel drei mal zwei Einheiten zu jeweils fünf Blisterverpackungen enthalten sein können.A particularly expedient development of the blister pack according to the invention consists in that several base parts, for example five base parts B1-B5 here according to FIG. 8, are strung together laterally and connected to one another by a common, continuous cover layer D '. The cover layer D 'can be provided in the area of the parting lines between the individual base parts B1-B5 with
Wie aus der vorstehenden Beschreibung erhellt, ist die erfindungsgemässe Blisterpackung äusserst handlich, raumsparend und stabil, lässt sich einfach und bequem öffnen, kommt mit einer extrem kleinen Menge Aufbewahrungslösung aus und lässt eine besonders bequeme Entnahme der in ihr enthaltenen Kontaktlinse zu.As is evident from the above description, the blister pack according to the invention is extremely handy, space-saving and stable, can be opened easily and conveniently, comes with an extremely small amount of storage solution and allows the contact lens contained in it to be removed particularly conveniently.
Claims (11)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP95810270A EP0680895B1 (en) | 1994-05-04 | 1995-04-25 | Blister package for an optical lens |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP94810260 | 1994-05-04 | ||
EP94810260 | 1994-05-04 | ||
EP95810270A EP0680895B1 (en) | 1994-05-04 | 1995-04-25 | Blister package for an optical lens |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP0680895A1 true EP0680895A1 (en) | 1995-11-08 |
EP0680895B1 EP0680895B1 (en) | 1997-08-13 |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP95810270A Expired - Lifetime EP0680895B1 (en) | 1994-05-04 | 1995-04-25 | Blister package for an optical lens |
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US (1) | US5609246A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0680895B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2711243B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR950031810A (en) |
CN (1) | CN1060130C (en) |
AT (1) | ATE156767T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU694986B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2148434C (en) |
CZ (1) | CZ288357B6 (en) |
DE (1) | DE59500496D1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK0680895T3 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2105861T3 (en) |
FI (1) | FI952113A (en) |
GR (1) | GR3024937T3 (en) |
HK (1) | HK1001587A1 (en) |
HU (1) | HU215061B (en) |
IL (1) | IL113515A (en) |
NO (1) | NO308206B1 (en) |
NZ (1) | NZ272043A (en) |
PL (1) | PL176926B1 (en) |
TW (1) | TW295570B (en) |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE59500496D1 (en) | 1997-09-18 |
CA2148434A1 (en) | 1995-11-05 |
CN1060130C (en) | 2001-01-03 |
HUT73709A (en) | 1996-09-30 |
FI952113A (en) | 1995-11-05 |
NO951716L (en) | 1995-11-06 |
AU1771895A (en) | 1995-11-09 |
KR950031810A (en) | 1995-12-20 |
GR3024937T3 (en) | 1998-01-30 |
FI952113A0 (en) | 1995-05-03 |
CA2148434C (en) | 2000-09-26 |
HU9501114D0 (en) | 1995-06-28 |
NO951716D0 (en) | 1995-05-03 |
NZ272043A (en) | 1997-03-24 |
PL308393A1 (en) | 1995-11-13 |
JPH07322911A (en) | 1995-12-12 |
AU694986B2 (en) | 1998-08-06 |
HU215061B (en) | 1998-09-28 |
ZA953539B (en) | 1995-11-06 |
TW295570B (en) | 1997-01-11 |
CZ288357B6 (en) | 2001-05-16 |
DK0680895T3 (en) | 1998-03-23 |
IL113515A0 (en) | 1995-07-31 |
EP0680895B1 (en) | 1997-08-13 |
US5609246A (en) | 1997-03-11 |
NO308206B1 (en) | 2000-08-14 |
ES2105861T3 (en) | 1997-10-16 |
CZ113095A3 (en) | 1995-12-13 |
ATE156767T1 (en) | 1997-08-15 |
PL176926B1 (en) | 1999-08-31 |
JP2711243B2 (en) | 1998-02-10 |
CN1126166A (en) | 1996-07-10 |
HK1001587A1 (en) | 1998-06-26 |
IL113515A (en) | 1998-06-15 |
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