EP0678853A2 - Ultrasonic transducer with asymmetric radiation characteristic - Google Patents
Ultrasonic transducer with asymmetric radiation characteristic Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0678853A2 EP0678853A2 EP95105504A EP95105504A EP0678853A2 EP 0678853 A2 EP0678853 A2 EP 0678853A2 EP 95105504 A EP95105504 A EP 95105504A EP 95105504 A EP95105504 A EP 95105504A EP 0678853 A2 EP0678853 A2 EP 0678853A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- membrane
- pot
- shaped
- bending transducer
- transducer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 title description 14
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 abstract 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 101100298222 Caenorhabditis elegans pot-1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10K9/00—Devices in which sound is produced by vibrating a diaphragm or analogous element, e.g. fog horns, vehicle hooters or buzzers
- G10K9/12—Devices in which sound is produced by vibrating a diaphragm or analogous element, e.g. fog horns, vehicle hooters or buzzers electrically operated
- G10K9/122—Devices in which sound is produced by vibrating a diaphragm or analogous element, e.g. fog horns, vehicle hooters or buzzers electrically operated using piezoelectric driving means
Definitions
- the radiation or reception characteristic of an ultrasound transducer is not linearly symmetrical, but asymmetrical.
- the radiated field has a different extent in one long section plane than in the other long section plane perpendicular to it.
- Such field deformation serves, among other things. to better adapt the field to the room to be irradiated.
- This can apply to monitoring systems, but also to distance warning devices in motor vehicles.
- Such an essentially fan-shaped field of a distance warning device reacts less strongly to bumps on the ground that do not obstruct the path of the vehicle, but also perceives obstacles to the side of the plane of symmetry of the vehicle.
- Another measure is to take advantage of the diffraction phenomena of the waves when the sound transducer is emitted or when it is received.
- an elliptical membrane is described, which is aligned with its long axis perpendicular to the floor surface. The radiation angle is much larger in the horizontal than in the vertical.
- a similar effect is obtained according to US Pat. No. 4,437,032 by deliberately inserting damping material into the diaphragm cup of a bending transducer. Also by deforming the radiation surface of the membrane itself (see EP-OS 308 899), a fan-shaped radiation field parallel to the driving plane of the vehicle and a corresponding reception field were achieved.
- the invention is therefore based on a bending transducer of the type resulting from the preamble of claim 1.
- the object of the invention is to provide a novel form of such a transducer which can be manufactured relatively easily and which leads to an age-stable, sufficiently precisely producible asymmetrical shape of the radiation or reception field of an ultrasound transducer.
- the invention therefore consists in taking out a preferably circular segment-shaped recess from the radiation surface of the membrane or in molding this recess into the membrane.
- the membrane can be coupled to a weighting ring (see DE-OS 33 01 848).
- the features according to the invention are particularly suitable in a development of the invention, for a bending transducer of the configuration resulting from the features according to claim 2.
- at least one segment is removed from the bottom of the pot carrying the membrane of the vibrator, or a corresponding recess is formed. It is particularly recommended in accordance with claim 1 if a circumferential groove is formed below the bottom of the transducer cup forming the membrane, which groove can be inserted, for example, to a housing accommodating the sensor.
- the bending transducer has two circular segment-shaped recesses in symmetrically opposite one another the membrane. These can already be taken into account when casting the pot, for example, or can be molded into it by machining.
- a particularly simple manufacture of the diaphragm pot results in a further development of the invention from the features of claim 4. Thereafter, in particular with machining shaping, it can be manufactured with relatively wide tolerances, such that only the recess extends up to its depth along the central axis of the pot the groove must be enough.
- the end face of the converter pot that delimits the recess is partially formed by the inner side wall of the groove.
- FIG. 3 shows the section through a converter pot 1, which is provided for receiving sealing rings with circumferential grooves 2, 3 and 4.
- the cylinder 5 of the transducer 1, which acts as an annular weight, is closed at its bottom by a membrane 6.
- FIG. 1 shows the view of the converter according to FIG. 3 seen from the direction R in FIG. 3.
- the transducer according to the invention does not differ from the known pot transducers described in the references mentioned above.
- two recesses 7, 8 are cut out of the side walls of the cylinder 5 in the region of the membrane 6 and have a circular segment-shaped contour.
- the contour of the cutouts 7 and 8 can be clearly seen in FIG. 2.
- the circular segment-shaped cutouts 7 and 8 have two boundary surfaces 9 and 10 which run parallel to one another and which, in the installed state of the converter, are aligned as a distance warning device in a vehicle parallel to the road surface.
- the end faces 11, 12 are in the form of a segment of a circle.
- FIG. 2 two edges 13, 14 are also shown in broken lines, which represent the bottom 15 (see FIG. 3) of the groove 2, up to which the recesses 7, 8 extend. Furthermore, the viewer looking at the transducer pot according to FIG. 2 can still recognize the groove wall 16, which is visible to the viewer through the shaping of the recesses. The edge is only shown in broken lines in FIG. 2, since it is not imperative that the recesses 7, 8 are inserted so deep into the cylinder 5. It is also noteworthy that only a thin wall 20, 21 remains by inserting the recesses 7, 8 in the sectional plane according to FIG. 4 towards the interior of the converter 1.
- the resonance oscillation of the transducer should be placed so that a half wave of the oscillation over the membrane stands, since then the desired radiation form described above occurs with certainty.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Measurement Of Velocity Or Position Using Acoustic Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
- Transducers For Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
- Length Measuring Devices Characterised By Use Of Acoustic Means (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Bei einer Reihe von Anwendungsfällen ist es erwünscht, daß die Strahlungs- bzw. Empfangscharakteristik eines Ultraschallwandlers nicht liniensymmetrisch ist, sondern asymmetrisch. Das bedeutet, daß das abgestrahlte Feld in der einen Langschnittebene eine andere Ausdehnung hat als in der anderen senkrecht hierzu stehenden LAngschnittebene. Eine derartige Feldverformung dient u.a. dazu, das Feld an den zu bestrahlenden Raum besser anzupassen. Dies kann gelten für Überwachungsanlagen, aber auch für Abstandswarngeräte in Kraftfahrzeugen. Bei derartigen Einrichtungen ist es erwünscht, daß zum einen das Strahlungsfeld in der horizontalen Ebene einen großen Öffnungswinkel hat, während es in der hierzu senkrechten vertikalen Ebene einen nur kleinen Öffnungswinkel besitzt. Ein derartiges, im wesentlichen fächerförmiges Feld eines Abstandswarngerates reagiert weniger stark auf am Boden befindliche, den Weg, des Fahrzeugs nicht behindernde Unebenheiten, nimmt dafür aber auch stärker seitlich von der Symmetrieebene des Fahrzeugs befindliche Hinternisse wahr.In a number of applications, it is desirable that the radiation or reception characteristic of an ultrasound transducer is not linearly symmetrical, but asymmetrical. This means that the radiated field has a different extent in one long section plane than in the other long section plane perpendicular to it. Such field deformation serves, among other things. to better adapt the field to the room to be irradiated. This can apply to monitoring systems, but also to distance warning devices in motor vehicles. In such devices, it is desirable that, on the one hand, the radiation field has a large opening angle in the horizontal plane, while it has only a small opening angle in the vertical plane perpendicular thereto. Such an essentially fan-shaped field of a distance warning device reacts less strongly to bumps on the ground that do not obstruct the path of the vehicle, but also perceives obstacles to the side of the plane of symmetry of the vehicle.
Es sind daher viele Vorschläge gemacht worden, wie die gewünschte Verformung eines Feldes erreicht werden kann. Eine Reihe von Vorschlägen zielt darauf ab, die geometrischen Abstrahlungsverhältnisse für die Wellen zu ändern, etwa durch trichterförmige Geometrien. Derartige Maßnahmen sind aber nur wirksam, wenn die die Strahlung beeinflussenden geometrischen Flächen, die für eine Abschattung des Strahlungsfeldes sorgen sollen, im Vergleich zu der Wellenlänge der Strahlung relativ groß sind. Die genannten Maßnahmen werden beispielsweise in der DE-OS 32 21 935, der DE-OS 38 12 182 oder in der EP-OS 048 958 beschrieben.Many proposals have therefore been made as to how the desired deformation of a field can be achieved. A number of proposals aim to change the geometrical radiation conditions for the waves, such as funnel-shaped geometries. However, such measures are only effective if the geometrical surfaces influencing the radiation, which are intended to provide shading of the radiation field, are relatively large in comparison to the wavelength of the radiation. The measures mentioned are described for example in DE-OS 32 21 935, DE-OS 38 12 182 or in EP-OS 048 958.
Eine andere Maßnahme geht dahin, Beugungserscheinungen der Wellen bei der Abstrahlung des Schallwandlers bzw. bei dessen Empfang, sich zunutze zu machen. So wird beispielsweise in der DE-OS 34 41 684 eine elliptisch ausgestaltete Membran beschrieben, die mit ihrer langen Achse senkrecht zur Bodenoberfläche ausgerichtet ist. Dabei wird der Abstrahlungswinkel in der Horizontalen sehr viel größer ist als in der Senkrechten. Einen ähnlichen Effekt erhält man gemäß der US-PS 4 437 032 durch gezieltes Einfügen von Dämpfungsmaterial in den Membrantopf eines Biegewandlers. Auch durch Verformung der Abstrahlungsfläche der Membran selbst (siehe EP-OS 308 899) wurde ein parallel zur Fahrebene des Fahrzeugs fächerförmiges Ausstrahlungsfeld sowie ein entsprechendes Empfangsfeld erreicht.Another measure is to take advantage of the diffraction phenomena of the waves when the sound transducer is emitted or when it is received. For example, in DE-OS 34 41 684 an elliptical membrane is described, which is aligned with its long axis perpendicular to the floor surface. The radiation angle is much larger in the horizontal than in the vertical. A similar effect is obtained according to US Pat. No. 4,437,032 by deliberately inserting damping material into the diaphragm cup of a bending transducer. Also by deforming the radiation surface of the membrane itself (see EP-OS 308 899), a fan-shaped radiation field parallel to the driving plane of the vehicle and a corresponding reception field were achieved.
Die Erfindung geht daher aus von einem Biegewandler der sich aus dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 ergebenden Gattung. Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, eine neuartige Form eines derartigen Wandlers anzugeben, die relativ einfach hergestellt werden kann und die zu einer altersbeständigen, hinreichend genau produzierbaren asymmetrischen Formgebung des Strahlungs- bzw. Empfangsfeldes eines Ultraschallwandlers führt.The invention is therefore based on a bending transducer of the type resulting from the preamble of
Die Aufgabe wird durch die sich aus dem kennzeichnenden Teil des Anspruchs 1 ergebende Merkmalskombination gelöst. Die Erfindung besteht im Prinzip also darin, von der Abstrahlungsfläche der Membran eine vorzugsweise kreissegmentförmige Ausnehmung herauszunehmen bzw. diese Ausnehmung in die Membran einzuformen. Dabei kann die Membran an einen Beschwerungsring (siehe DE-OS 33 01 848) angekoppelt sein. Die erfindungsgemäßen Merkmale sind in Weiterbildung der Erfindung aber besonders geeignet, für einen Biegewandler der sich aus den Merkmalen nach Anspruch 2 ergebenden Konfiguration. Dabei wird gemäß der Erfindung aus dem die Membran des Schwingers tragenden Boden des Topfes zumindest ein Segment herausgenommen bzw. eine entsprechende Ausnehmung eingeformt. Dabei empfiehlt es sich entsprechend Anspruch 1 besonders, wenn unterhalb des die Membran bildenden Bodens des Wandlertopfs eine umlaufende Nut eingeformt ist, welche beispielsweise eine Gummidichtung zu einem den Sensor aufnehmenden Gehäuse eingelegt werden kann.The object is achieved by the combination of features resulting from the characterizing part of
Um das abgestrahlte Feld, insbesondere bei der Verwendung zur Abstandsmessung bei Abstandswanrgeräten in Fahrzeugen sowohl zum Boden hin als auch nach oben hin zu begrenzen, empfielt sich in Weiterbildung der Erfindung die Merkmalskombination nach Anspruch 3. Danach besitzt der Biegewandler zwei einander symmetrisch gegenüberliegende kreissegmentförmige Ausnehmungen in der Membran. Diese köennen beispielsweise beim Gießen des Topfes schon berücksichtigt werden oder in diesen durch spanende Formgebung eingeformt werden.In order to limit the radiated field, particularly when used for distance measurement in distance warning devices in vehicles both towards the ground and upwards, the combination of features according to
Eine besonders einfache Fertigung des Membrantopfes ergibt sich in Weiterbildung der Erfindung aus den Merkmalen nach Anspruch 4. Danach kann insbesondere bei spanabhebender Formung dadurch mit relativ weiten Toleranzen gefertigt werden, als daß nur die Ausnehmung in ihrer sich längs der Mittelachse des Topfes erstreckenden Tiefe bis zu der Nut reichen muß. Die die Ausnehmung begrenzende Stirnfläche des Wandlertopfes wird dabei z.T. durch die innere Seitenwand der Nut gebildet.A particularly simple manufacture of the diaphragm pot results in a further development of the invention from the features of claim 4. Thereafter, in particular with machining shaping, it can be manufactured with relatively wide tolerances, such that only the recess extends up to its depth along the central axis of the pot the groove must be enough. The end face of the converter pot that delimits the recess is partially formed by the inner side wall of the groove.
Um sicherzustellen, daß der Innenraum des Wandlertopfes geschlossen bleibt und nicht durch die beiden o.g. Ausnehmungen eine in die Umgebung führende Öffnung am membranseitigen Ende erhält, empfiehlt sich in Weiterbildung der Erfindung die Merkmalskombination nach Anspruch 5. Danach ist die Erstreckung der Membran zwischen den beiden Ausnehmungen in radialer Richtung größer als der Innendurchmesser des Wandlertopfes. Die Ausnehmungen schneiden daher nicht den Innenraum des Wandlertopfes, der somit geschlossen und dicht bleibt. Dabei sollen in vorteilhafter Weiterbildung der Erfindung entsprechende Merkmale nach Anspruch 6 die parallel zur Symmetrieebene des Wandlers verlaufenden Seitenwände der Ausnehmungen auch zueinander selbst parallel sein.To ensure that the interior of the converter bowl remains closed and is not Recesses an opening leading into the environment at the membrane-side end is recommended in a development of the invention, the combination of features according to
Um mit Sicherheit den erwünschten Feldverlauf mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Wandler zu erreichen, haben sich die in Anspruch 6 aufgeführten Abmessungen vielfach bewährt. Als Material für den Wandlertopf wird entsprechend den Merkmalen nach Anspruch 7 vorzugsweise Aluminium eingesetzt, wobei der Wandlertopf im Gießverfahren, aber auch durch spanabhebende Formung hergestellt werden.In order to achieve with certainty the desired field course with the transducer according to the invention, the dimensions listed in claim 6 have proven themselves many times. Aluminum is preferably used as the material for the converter pot in accordance with the features of
Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand der Zeichnung erläutert. Darin zeigt
- Fig. 1
- eine Ansicht von hinten durch das offene Ende des Wandlertopfes in den Wandlertopf,
- Fig. 2
- eine Ansicht auf die Abstrahlungsfläche des Wandlertopfs von vorn gesehen,
- Fig. 3
- einen Schnitt längs der Linie A-A in Fig. 2 durch den Wandler und
- Fig. 4
- einen Schnitt längs der Linie B-B durch den Wandler in Fig. 2.
- Fig. 1
- a view from behind through the open end of the converter pot into the converter pot,
- Fig. 2
- a view of the radiation surface of the converter pot seen from the front,
- Fig. 3
- a section along the line AA in Fig. 2 by the converter and
- Fig. 4
- a section along the line BB through the converter in Fig. 2nd
Die Beschreibung geht aus von einem Wandler, wie er beispielsweise in der Anmeldung P 38 26 799.3 genannt ist. Ein anderer sehr ähnlicher Wandler ist in der Anmeldung P 39 39 387.9 beschrieben. Um Wiederholungen zu vermeiden, beschäftigt sich die nachfolgende Beschreibung nur mit der Ausgestaltung des Wandlertopfes. Gehäuse, Dämpfungsmaterial, Anschlußtechniken und die Anordnung der zugehörigen Leiterplatte werden daher an dieser Stelle nicht erläutert und kommen z.B. in der DE-OS 38 26 799.The description is based on a converter, as mentioned for example in the application P 38 26 799.3. Another very similar converter is described in the application P 39 39 387.9. In order to avoid repetitions, the following description only deals with the design of the converter bowl. Housing, damping material, connection technology and the arrangement of the associated circuit board are therefore not explained here and come e.g. in DE-OS 38 26 799.
Fig. 3 zeigt den Schnitt durch einen Wandlertopf 1, welcher zur Aufnahme von Dichtringen mit umlaufenden Nuten 2,3 und 4 versehen ist. Der als ringförmige Beschwerung wirkende Zylinder 5 des Wandlers 1 ist an seinem Boden mit einer Membran 6 verschlossen. Fig. 1 zeigt die Sicht der Wandlers nach Fig. 3 gesehen aus der Richtung R in Fig. 3.Fig. 3 shows the section through a
In diesen beiden Ansichten unterscheidet sich der erfindungsgemäße Wandler nicht von den in den weiter oben genannten Literaturstellen beschriebenen bekannten Topfwandlern.In these two views, the transducer according to the invention does not differ from the known pot transducers described in the references mentioned above.
Für die Erfindung wichtig ist nun Fig. 2 und Fig. 4. Danach sind aus den Seitenwänden des Zylinders 5 im Bereich der Membran 6 zwei Ausnehmungen 7,8 herausgeschnitten, die eine kreissegmentförmige Kontur besitzen. Die Kontur der Ausschnitte 7 und 8 ist gut in Fig. 2 zu erkennen. Die kreissegmentförmigen Ausschnitte 7 und 8 haben zwei zueinander parallel laufende Begrenzungsflächen 9 und 10, die im Einbauzustand des Wandlers als Abstandswarner in ein Fahrzeug parallel zu der Fahrbahnfläche ausgerichtet sind. Die Stirnflächen 11,12 sind kreissegmentförmig.2 and 4 are now important for the invention. Thereafter, two
In Fig. 2 sind noch gestrichelt zwei Kanten 13,14 dargestellt, die den Boden 15 (siehe Fig. 3) der Nut 2 darstellen, bis zu dem hin die Ausnehmungen 7,8 reichen. Ferner kann der auf den Wandlertopf gemäß Fig. 2 schauende Betrachter noch die Nutwand 16 erkennen, die durch die Einformung der Ausnehmungen für den Betrachter sichtbar wird. Die Kante ist in Fig. 2 nur gestrichelt dargestellt, da es nicht zwingend ist, daß die Ausnehmungen 7,8 so tief in den Zylinder 5 eingefügt sind. Bemerkenswert ist auch, daß durch das Einfügen der Ausnehmungen 7,8 in der Schnittebene gemäß Fig. 4 zum Innenraum des Wandlers 1 hin nur eine dünne Wand 20,21 stehen bleibt.In FIG. 2, two
Die Resonnanzschwingung des Wandlers sollte so gelegt sein, daß über der Membran eine Halbwelle der Schwingung steht, da dann mit Sicherheit die oben beschriebene, erwünschte Strahlungsform auftritt.The resonance oscillation of the transducer should be placed so that a half wave of the oscillation over the membrane stands, since then the desired radiation form described above occurs with certainty.
Claims (8)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE4413894A DE4413894C2 (en) | 1994-04-21 | 1994-04-21 | Bending converter in pot form |
| DE4413894 | 1994-04-21 |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0678853A2 true EP0678853A2 (en) | 1995-10-25 |
| EP0678853A3 EP0678853A3 (en) | 1997-05-21 |
| EP0678853B1 EP0678853B1 (en) | 2001-07-18 |
Family
ID=6516054
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP95105504A Expired - Lifetime EP0678853B1 (en) | 1994-04-21 | 1995-04-12 | Ultrasonic transducer with asymmetric radiation characteristic |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0678853B1 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE4413894C2 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2158008T3 (en) |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1997026646A1 (en) * | 1996-01-18 | 1997-07-24 | Itt Automotive Europe Gmbh | Damped ultrasonic transducer |
| WO1999001234A2 (en) * | 1997-06-30 | 1999-01-14 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Ultrasonic transducer |
| EP1096469A2 (en) * | 1999-10-28 | 2001-05-02 | Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | Ultrasonic vibration apparatus |
| US6322532B1 (en) * | 1998-06-24 | 2001-11-27 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Sonophoresis method and apparatus |
| EP1443342A1 (en) * | 2003-02-01 | 2004-08-04 | Valeo Schalter und Sensoren GmbH | Pot-shaped transducer housing with membrane support for an ultrasonic sensor |
| EP1906383A1 (en) * | 2006-09-29 | 2008-04-02 | Tung Thih Electronic Co., Ltd. | Ultrasound transducer apparatus |
| WO2010012533A1 (en) * | 2008-07-31 | 2010-02-04 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Ultrasonic sensor |
| WO2016046412A1 (en) * | 2014-09-26 | 2016-03-31 | Sennheiser Electronic Gmbh & Co. Kg | Electrodynamic sound transducer |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19614885C1 (en) * | 1996-04-16 | 1997-09-04 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Sensor for sending and / or receiving acoustic signals |
| DE102015106240A1 (en) | 2015-04-23 | 2016-10-27 | Valeo Schalter Und Sensoren Gmbh | Ultrasonic sensor for a motor vehicle with a through-passage membrane, trim arrangement and motor vehicle |
Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0048958A1 (en) | 1980-09-25 | 1982-04-07 | Egon Gelhard | Circuit for determining and displaying when the distance between a vehicle and an obstacle falls below predetermined minimum values |
| DE3221935A1 (en) | 1982-06-11 | 1984-02-16 | M W Stoelzel Kg Industrievertr | Electronic device for measuring the distance between motor vehicles |
| US4437032A (en) | 1981-09-23 | 1984-03-13 | Egon Gelhard | Sensor for distance measurement by ultrasound |
| DE3301848A1 (en) | 1983-01-20 | 1984-07-26 | Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München | ULTRASONIC CONVERTER |
| DE3441684A1 (en) | 1984-11-15 | 1986-05-15 | SWF Auto-Electric GmbH, 7120 Bietigheim-Bissingen | Electro-acoustic transducer |
| EP0308899A2 (en) | 1987-09-25 | 1989-03-29 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Ultrasonic transducer with astigmatic transmission-reception characteristics |
| DE3812182A1 (en) | 1988-04-13 | 1989-10-26 | Swf Auto Electric Gmbh | Transducer, particularly ultrasonic transducer for a distance measuring device installed in a motor vehicle |
| DE3826799A1 (en) | 1988-08-06 | 1990-02-08 | Swf Auto Electric Gmbh | Ultrasonic transducer |
| DE3939387A1 (en) | 1989-11-29 | 1991-06-06 | Swf Auto Electric Gmbh | Ultrasonic distance warning system esp. for motor vehicles - has aperture covering membrane carrying piezo-plate to eliminate group echos |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SU886325A1 (en) * | 1980-01-04 | 1981-11-30 | Научно-Исследовательский Институт Интроскопии | Piezotransducer |
| DE8712391U1 (en) * | 1987-09-12 | 1987-12-10 | Nauroth, Heinz, Dipl.-Finanzwirt, 5300 Bonn | Ultrasonic transmitting and receiving element of a distance measuring device operating according to the echo principle, in particular for reversing monitoring in motor vehicles |
| DE3941634A1 (en) * | 1989-12-15 | 1991-06-20 | Siemens Ag | SOUND-INSULATED BRACKET OF AN ULTRASONIC TRANSDUCER |
| DE3941933C2 (en) * | 1989-12-19 | 1997-01-30 | Siemens Ag | Ultrasonic transducer for air flow measurement, in particular for air volume measurement in internal combustion engines |
-
1994
- 1994-04-21 DE DE4413894A patent/DE4413894C2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1995
- 1995-04-12 DE DE59509415T patent/DE59509415D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-04-12 EP EP95105504A patent/EP0678853B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-04-12 ES ES95105504T patent/ES2158008T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0048958A1 (en) | 1980-09-25 | 1982-04-07 | Egon Gelhard | Circuit for determining and displaying when the distance between a vehicle and an obstacle falls below predetermined minimum values |
| US4437032A (en) | 1981-09-23 | 1984-03-13 | Egon Gelhard | Sensor for distance measurement by ultrasound |
| DE3221935A1 (en) | 1982-06-11 | 1984-02-16 | M W Stoelzel Kg Industrievertr | Electronic device for measuring the distance between motor vehicles |
| DE3301848A1 (en) | 1983-01-20 | 1984-07-26 | Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München | ULTRASONIC CONVERTER |
| DE3441684A1 (en) | 1984-11-15 | 1986-05-15 | SWF Auto-Electric GmbH, 7120 Bietigheim-Bissingen | Electro-acoustic transducer |
| EP0308899A2 (en) | 1987-09-25 | 1989-03-29 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Ultrasonic transducer with astigmatic transmission-reception characteristics |
| DE3812182A1 (en) | 1988-04-13 | 1989-10-26 | Swf Auto Electric Gmbh | Transducer, particularly ultrasonic transducer for a distance measuring device installed in a motor vehicle |
| DE3826799A1 (en) | 1988-08-06 | 1990-02-08 | Swf Auto Electric Gmbh | Ultrasonic transducer |
| DE3939387A1 (en) | 1989-11-29 | 1991-06-06 | Swf Auto Electric Gmbh | Ultrasonic distance warning system esp. for motor vehicles - has aperture covering membrane carrying piezo-plate to eliminate group echos |
Cited By (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1997026646A1 (en) * | 1996-01-18 | 1997-07-24 | Itt Automotive Europe Gmbh | Damped ultrasonic transducer |
| US6465935B1 (en) | 1997-06-30 | 2002-10-15 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Ultrasonic transducer |
| WO1999001234A2 (en) * | 1997-06-30 | 1999-01-14 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Ultrasonic transducer |
| WO1999001234A3 (en) * | 1997-06-30 | 1999-04-22 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Ultrasonic transducer |
| US6322532B1 (en) * | 1998-06-24 | 2001-11-27 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Sonophoresis method and apparatus |
| US7009326B1 (en) | 1999-10-28 | 2006-03-07 | Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | Ultrasonic vibration apparatus use as a sensor having a piezoelectric element mounted in a cylindrical casing and grooves filled with flexible filler |
| EP1096469A3 (en) * | 1999-10-28 | 2004-09-29 | Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | Ultrasonic vibration apparatus |
| EP1096469A2 (en) * | 1999-10-28 | 2001-05-02 | Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | Ultrasonic vibration apparatus |
| EP1443342A1 (en) * | 2003-02-01 | 2004-08-04 | Valeo Schalter und Sensoren GmbH | Pot-shaped transducer housing with membrane support for an ultrasonic sensor |
| EP1906383A1 (en) * | 2006-09-29 | 2008-04-02 | Tung Thih Electronic Co., Ltd. | Ultrasound transducer apparatus |
| WO2010012533A1 (en) * | 2008-07-31 | 2010-02-04 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Ultrasonic sensor |
| CN102113047A (en) * | 2008-07-31 | 2011-06-29 | 罗伯特·博世有限公司 | Ultrasonic sensor |
| JP2011529652A (en) * | 2008-07-31 | 2011-12-08 | ローベルト ボツシユ ゲゼルシヤフト ミツト ベシユレンクテル ハフツング | Ultrasonic sensor |
| CN102113047B (en) * | 2008-07-31 | 2013-06-19 | 罗伯特·博世有限公司 | Ultrasonic sensor |
| US8671762B2 (en) | 2008-07-31 | 2014-03-18 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Ultrasonic sensor |
| WO2016046412A1 (en) * | 2014-09-26 | 2016-03-31 | Sennheiser Electronic Gmbh & Co. Kg | Electrodynamic sound transducer |
| US10136224B2 (en) | 2014-09-26 | 2018-11-20 | Sennheiser Electronic Gmbh & Co. Kg | Electrodynamic sound transducer |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0678853B1 (en) | 2001-07-18 |
| EP0678853A3 (en) | 1997-05-21 |
| DE4413894A1 (en) | 1995-10-26 |
| DE4413894C2 (en) | 2002-12-12 |
| DE59509415D1 (en) | 2001-08-23 |
| ES2158008T3 (en) | 2001-09-01 |
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