EP0678186B1 - Wärmetauschelement, verfahren und vorrichtung zu dessen herstellung - Google Patents

Wärmetauschelement, verfahren und vorrichtung zu dessen herstellung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0678186B1
EP0678186B1 EP94904677A EP94904677A EP0678186B1 EP 0678186 B1 EP0678186 B1 EP 0678186B1 EP 94904677 A EP94904677 A EP 94904677A EP 94904677 A EP94904677 A EP 94904677A EP 0678186 B1 EP0678186 B1 EP 0678186B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tube
turns
dies
coil
fluid
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP94904677A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0678186A1 (de
Inventor
Joseph Le Mer
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Giannoni France
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Individual
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
    • F28F3/02—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations
    • F28F3/04—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being integral with the element
    • F28F3/042—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being integral with the element in the form of local deformations of the element
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D53/00—Making other particular articles
    • B21D53/02—Making other particular articles heat exchangers or parts thereof, e.g. radiators, condensers fins, headers
    • B21D53/06—Making other particular articles heat exchangers or parts thereof, e.g. radiators, condensers fins, headers of metal tubes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/22—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating
    • F24H1/40—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water tube or tubes
    • F24H1/43—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water tube or tubes helically or spirally coiled
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being helically coiled
    • F28D7/024—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being helically coiled the conduits of only one medium being helically coiled tubes, the coils having a cylindrical configuration
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/02—Tubular elements of cross-section which is non-circular
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/02—Tubular elements of cross-section which is non-circular
    • F28F2001/027—Tubular elements of cross-section which is non-circular with dimples
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2240/00—Spacing means

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a heat exchanger element. It also relates to the method of manufacturing this element as well as the device used to manufacture it. Finally, the invention also relates to a heat exchanger or a heat recovery unit using this type of element.
  • a heat exchanger element is traditionally formed from one or more tubes inside which circulates a first heat transfer fluid, for example water. In operation, the element is exposed to the thermal action of a second heat transfer fluid, for example air or combustion gases. The function of the element is to transfer heat from one of the two fluids to the other.
  • the function of the exchanger element is to heat the water circulating in the tubes from the hot gases resulting from the combustion of a gas burner.
  • the function of the exchanger element is to cool the engine water from the cold outside air, which is propelled by the fan in the form of a wind against the element.
  • the Japanese patent abstract No. 63-220 091 relates to a heat exchanger element which consists of a helically wound tube in which a heat transfer fluid circulates.
  • the tube has a flattened, oval cross-section, the major axis of which is perpendicular to the axis of the helix, or forms an acute angle with respect to the latter.
  • This device performs a heat exchange between a fluid outside the tube, in particular air flowing radially from the outside towards the inside of the winding, and the inside fluid.
  • the subject of Japanese patent abstract No. 60-117089 is a double helix heat exchanger element, formed of two coaxial helical tubes nested one inside the other, and having a flattened and oval cross section.
  • the two tubes are trapped in a peripheral tubular envelope, put in place and formed by hot shrinking on these tubes, while the spaces between turns are filled with a heat conduction agent.
  • This known element has the function of producing a heat exchange between two fluids circulating in each of the tubes which compose it.
  • the main objective of the invention is to overcome these drawbacks, by proposing a heat exchanger element which is both extremely efficient in terms of efficiency, which is priced at low cost, can be easily mass produced, while being extremely compact.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide an element which can easily be associated with other identical or similar elements, so as to be able to meet all the needs of the clientele, both in terms of size and that of heat transfer capacity.
  • the heat exchanger element according to the invention consists of a tube of thermally conductive material, for example metallic, wound in a helix, in which is intended to circulate a heat transfer fluid, this element having a flattened and oval cross section whose major axis is substantially perpendicular to the axis of the helix or forms an acute angle with respect to the latter, each turn of the tube having planar faces which are spaced from the faces of the adjacent turn of a gap of constant height.
  • the height of the gap separating two adjacent turns is significantly smaller than the thickness of said cross section, the ratio between this thickness and the gap height being greater than 3, and the spacing between two neighboring turns are calibrated by means of spacers.
  • the thickness of the flattened tube is 3 to 10 times greater than the thickness of the space between turns.
  • the fluid flowing between the turns takes the form of a thin blade, which licks the large faces of the tube during its passage, with efficient heat transfer.
  • the presence of the spacers calibrates the inter-turn spacing, ensuring a rigorously constant character of the thickness of this blade of fluid in any zone of passage of the element, which is essential in terms of thermal efficiency.
  • a primary role of the spacers is to ensure consistency in the transparency of the element. exchanger.
  • a second role - not least - is to prevent deformations of the wall of the flattened tube that can result from significant variations in internal pressure.
  • the internal edge of the turns is embossed, in order to produce turbulence of the fluid before they pass between the turns, which has the effect of further increasing the quality of heat exchange.
  • shaping dies are used which have, in hollow, imprints of shape complementary to the bosses, or corrugations, intended to play the role of spacer between the turns and, at the end of the operation, the fluid contained in the tube is subjected to a high pressure to force its wall to conform to the shape of these imprints.
  • the latter is arranged in the vicinity of the burner in a position such that the combustion gases pass through the interstices separating its turns.
  • this type of exchanger comprises several elements according to the invention, at least one of which is crossed by the combustion gases from the inside to the outside, while at least one other element is crossed by these gases in the opposite direction.
  • a subject of the invention is also a heat recovery unit for a boiler, which comprises at least one element according to the invention, in which circulates water to be heated, and which is exposed to the flow of burnt (and hot) gases. escaping from the boiler.
  • the heat exchanger element 1 shown in Figures 1 to 4 consists of an oval and flattened section tube wound in a helix so that the major axis of its cross section is substantially perpendicular to the axis XX 'of l 'propeller.
  • This tube is preferably made of metal, for example stainless steel. It consists of a number of turns 10, for example four in number, the large flat faces of which, referenced 11, are spaced from the faces of the adjacent turn by an interstice of constant height h . This height is substantially less than the thickness e of the flat turns.
  • the end portions 14, 14 ′ of the tube, rectilinear, extend tangentially towards the outside, and end in cylindrical end pieces 15, 15 ′. The transition between the flattened parts 14 and the cylindrical end pieces 15 takes place gradually.
  • Each turn carries, on one of its flat faces, bosses (or corrugations) 12 formed in the wall of the tube, arranged substantially radially with respect to the axis XX '.
  • bosses or corrugations
  • Each boss 12 comes to bear against the flat face (not provided with bosses) of the adjacent turn.
  • These bosses have a definite height which serve as spacers, precisely calibrating the height of the interstices separating the turns.
  • bosses 12 located on one of the outer turns of the winding are intended to come to bear against the turn with a smooth flat face of another element, when combined, by stacking them coaxially , several identical or similar elements.
  • the external faces of the two external turns of the winding are situated substantially in planes P, P '(see FIG. 2) which are parallel to each other and perpendicular to the axis XX'. Thanks to this arrangement, it is possible to stack several elements coaxially while maintaining a constant spacing of all the turns, whether or not they belong to the same element. Of course, this arrangement assumes a gradual variation in the thickness of the outer turns of the winding, as can be seen in particular in Figure 2. Furthermore, to obtain this flatness, a recess 16 must be provided in the most thick end coils, so as to allow the end portions 14, 14 'to pass.
  • Solder points for example brazing 17, are advantageously provided at the periphery of the winding to maintain the latter in a state of slight axial compression, which ensures the correct application of all the turns against each other. others.
  • the internal edge of the turns has a regularly embossed wall, these bosses being intended to disturb the flow of the fluid passing between the turns in order to improve the heat exchange, as will be explained below.
  • the element which has just been described is for example made from a stainless steel tube having a diameter of 18 mm, a wall thickness of 0.5 mm, and which is preformed into a helix, as shown in the Figure 5, this propeller having an average winding diameter of 210 mm and a pitch of about 25 mm.
  • An element is then obtained, still wound in a helix, but with a noticeably smaller pitch, of the order of 6 to 6.5 mm.
  • the mean diameter of the winding remains unchanged (around 210 mm).
  • the width of the turns 10, referenced 1 in FIG. 3, is of the order of 24 mm.
  • Their thickness e is of the order of 5 to 6 mm.
  • the height h of the gap separating the turns, which also corresponds to the height of the bosses 12, is of the order of 0.5 to 1.5 mm.
  • the winding 100 shown in FIG. 5 is produced from a cylindrical tube preformed into a helix.
  • 101 and 101 ′ have been designated its rectilinear end portions, which extend tangentially with respect to the propeller and are intended to constitute the ends 14, 15 and respectively 14 ′, 15 ′ of the element.
  • the turns of the winding 100 have been designated by the reference 102.
  • the internal edge of the tube is embossed, so as to present ring segments 103 corresponding to corrugations of the wall of the tube.
  • this boss 103 can be obtained by winding the tube on a mandrel of diameter slightly too small compared to the winding that it is desired to obtain. There is thus a regular circumferential over-compression of the internal portion of the wall during the helical bending of the tube.
  • Figures 6 and 7 show a "standard" half-matrix intended to be used for the shaping of the element, in association with other identical or similar half-matrices. It is intended to carry out the shaping of an intermediate half-turn.
  • the half-matrix 2 shown has a general semi-circular shape. It has a semi-annular external part 20, of rectangular section, which is extended inwards by another annular part 21 of smaller thickness.
  • the upper and lower faces 24 of the part 21 are flat. They are the ones that will be used to crush the tube, in order to give it a flattened shape, as will be explained below.
  • one of the faces 24 in this case in the lower face when the half-matrix 2 is in the working position, substantially horizontal, is hollowed out a series of radial recesses whose shape is complementary to that of the bosses 12 that one wishes to achieve in the wall of the element.
  • the part 21 of thinner thickness is connected to the outer semi-annular part 20 by a flange 23.
  • drilled holes 22 which, as will be seen later, are intended to receive guide columns. These holes are slightly elongated, forming apertures whose major axis is parallel to the diametrical plane constituting the joint face 29 of the half-matrix.
  • the ends of the elongated holes 22 are semi-cylindrical.
  • the half-matrix 2 'represented in FIG. 8 is similar to that which has just been described, and that is why the corresponding elements have been assigned the same reference sign, but with the prime index ('). It is the lower matrix of one of the two sets of half-matrices which will be described later, and more precisely of the mobile assembly.
  • This half-matrix is used for shaping one of the ends of the winding, the end which comprises a rectilinear section and a cylindrical end-piece.
  • the face of the central part 21 ' which is used for crushing the tube extends only over a quarter of circumference and is extended by a rectilinear portion 25'. The latter opens at the level of the part 20 ′ in a semi-cylindrical cavity 26 ′.
  • the half-matrix intended to cooperate with the half-matrix 2 ′ has, on its lower face, a complementary configuration, and in particular a part with semi-cylindrical groove coming to penetrate into the part 26 ′ to constitute a circular channel coming fit against the end portion of the tube, and contain it during forming, as will be explained later.
  • the device shown in Figure 9, referenced 3 consists of a hydraulic press comprising a horizontal fixed sole 30 carried by a frame 31, and a movable plate 32; the latter is also arranged horizontally, above the sole 30. It is fixed to a plate 340 mounted at the end of the rod 34 of a hydraulic cylinder 33. The latter is mounted on an element 310 of the fixed frame.
  • the jack 33 is a relatively powerful double-acting jack, the extension of which causes the plate 32 to be lowered and brought closer to the sole 30 (closing of the press) while its retraction causes the plate 32 to rise ( press opening).
  • the tool associated with this press essentially comprises two sets of half-dies 2A and 2B of the type described above.
  • the first assembly 2A is fixed and permanently mounted between the sole 30 and the plate 32.
  • the other assembly 2B is mobile. It is fixed to a carriage 4, for example mounted on rollers, which can be moved in translation by means of a pneumatic or hydraulic double-acting cylinder 40, the rod of which is connected by a connecting piece 41 to the carriage 4.
  • the mobile assembly has been artificially represented in the two extreme positions that it can occupy, the working position inside the press and a separated position - referenced 2B '- which, as will be seen further, allows to set up the tube to be formed, then to remove the formed element.
  • the carriage 4 is supported by a horizontal guide 42.
  • Figure 9 there is shown in broken lines the element 41 and the rod of the cylinder 40 when the latter is in the extended position, assembly 2B 'away from the press.
  • Each set of half-dies is guided in translation, in the vertical direction, by vertical rods - or columns - 200. It is for example provided three guide columns per set, regularly distributed. However, in order to make the figures easier to read, only one column 200A, respectively 200B has been shown in FIG. 9 for each of the sets 2A, respectively 2B. These columns are fixed at their lower end in the lower half-matrix of each assembly. They penetrate through their upper end into bores formed in the movable plate 32 of the press. The amplitude of lifting of the movable plate 32 is sufficient for it to be able to disengage completely from these columns, so that the removal of the assembly 2B is possible, as is easily understood by simply observing FIG. 9 .
  • the two upper half-matrices which serve to form one of the ends of the element, consist of a single piece 2 "fixed permanently to the plate 32.
  • Half of this matrix 2" which comes in correspondence with the half-dies constituting the mobile assembly 2B has imprints similar to that of the part 2 ′ which has been described with reference to FIG. 8, because it serves to form the upper end of the element, and in particular the cylindrical end cap.
  • the dies 2A can be separated from each other using a series of suitable jacks, not shown.
  • a series of suitable jacks not shown.
  • three pneumatic cylinders are provided, regularly distributed around the periphery of the set of half-dies, and coming to actuate the upper half-die 2A.
  • Connecting elements between the half-dies, such as tie rods, are provided so that the lifting of the upper matrix correlatively and successively causes the lifting of each of the dies, this with a well-defined spacing.
  • Such an arrangement avoids having to resort to a set of jacks for each half-die.
  • This lifting is carried out using a jack 43 whose vertical rod (not shown) is fixed to the carriage 4.
  • the body of the jack is fixed to the upper matrix 2B.
  • the lower and upper half-dies are supported respectively against the sole 30 and against the plate 32 by horizontal flat faces, perpendicular to the working direction of the press.
  • These half-dies have a slightly bevelled shape, so that they are applied against the other half-dies according to planes inclined laterally, as can be seen in FIG. 11. It is this inclination which makes it possible to respect the no propeller.
  • This provision is of course valid for the two sets of half-dies, but in opposite directions.
  • This faculty to tilt symbolized by the arrow G in FIG. 11B, results from the elongated shape of the holes 22 in which the columns 200 engage. It is on the other hand important that the half-dies cannot tilt in the other direction, so that the half-dies of the two assemblies remain well joined against each other, by their face of joint, during the forming operation.
  • the device 5 shown in FIG. 12 essentially comprises a body 50, of generally cylindrical shape, and a pneumatic cylinder 51 coaxial with the body 50 to which it is fixed. Along the axis of the assembly 50-51 can slide a rod 52 integral with a piston 521 moving inside the cylinder 51, and whose free end carries a head 520, also cylindrical, capable of s' fit without play inside the end 101 of the tube to be formed.
  • the rod 52 is traversed by a central bore 522 which is connected by suitable means to a conduit 56 connected to a hydraulic unit H at high pressure, via a control valve 560.
  • the piston 521 is double acting , and suitable conduits 57, 57 ′, which are connected to a distribution valve 570 make it possible to supply compressed air on one side or the other of the piston, from a source of compressed air AC .
  • Valve 570 is designed to bring the chamber on one side of the piston to atmospheric pressure when the other chamber is under pressure, and vice versa.
  • the head 520 is surrounded by a part 54 in the form of a sleeve, forming an integral part of the body 50, the space 55 separating the wall of the head 520 from the internal wall of this sleeve corresponding to the wall thickness of the tube.
  • seals In the space 55, behind the head 520 are provided seals. These are deformable rings 53, liable to deform radially as a result of the recoil of the rod 52.
  • the half-dies 2 'and 2B intended for the shaping of one of the end portions of the element, which are also partially represented in FIG. 12, have indentations which include complementary semi-cylindrical portions 260, 260' able to be applied against the outer wall of the sleeve 54.
  • the indentations 26, 26 ' are intended to contain the outer wall of the tube, in its cylindrical portion and in its connection portion with the flat part, during forming.
  • the imprints 28 serve to form the bosses in the wall of the tube.
  • the helical preforming of the cylindrical tube is illustrated in FIG. 13.
  • This shaping is done conventionally, when cold, on a mandrel 6 of generally cylindrical shape, carried by a rotary axis 60, as symbolized by the arrow F.
  • a helical groove 61 In the wall of the cylinder 6 is formed a helical groove 61, of semi-cylindrical section. Its radius corresponds to the radius of the tube.
  • the pitch of the groove corresponds to the pitch of the tubular winding 100 that it is desired to obtain.
  • One 101 of the end portions of the tube is made integral with the rotary mandrel 6, and the tube is guided by suitable means on the mandrel. After shaping, the winding is extracted by unscrewing, that is to say rotating the mandrel in the opposite direction while the tube is immobilized.
  • the press and its tools are brought first of all to the state shown in FIG. 14, open press (cylinder 33 retracted) and mobile assembly of half-dies spaced from the press (cylinder 40 in extension).
  • the cylinders 43 and 44 are extended so that all of the half-dies 2B are in the position of mutual separation; similarly, the jacks ensuring the spacing of the half-dies 2A are in extension.
  • the rectilinear end portions 101 and 101 ′ of the tube protrude laterally from the set of dies, on either side of it, transversely to the plane of FIG. 14.
  • the operator then sets up on each of these parts 101, 101 'a device 5 for closing and supplying fluid. For this, it engages each of the devices on the end of the tube in such a way that this end comes to be fitted around the head 520, inside the part 54 in the form of a sleeve.
  • the carriage 4 has means, not shown, for retaining the device 5 in the axial direction, after it has fitted into the tube. The tightness of the connection is obtained by actuation of the piston 521 in the backward direction, ensuring the compression of the seals 53.
  • the jack 40 is then retracted, in order to move the carriage 4 to bring the mobile assembly of the half-dies, as well as the tube 100 retained by it, inside the press. During this movement, the half-turns not contained in the half-dies 2B are inserted between the half-dies 2A. Each turn of the tube is thus perfectly trapped between complete dies.
  • the press is then put into action, by extension of the hydraulic cylinder 33, the movable plate 32 of the press engaging on the guide rods 200.
  • a liquid is introduced into the tube.
  • One of the devices 5 is designed to bring this liquid, for example oil or water, while the other device 5, provided at the other end of the tube, allows the escape of air initially present in the tube.
  • the liquid is then trapped in the tube, using valves suitable for moderate pressure, for example of the order of 10 6 Pascal (10 bars).
  • a calibrated valve ensures that this pressure remains constant throughout the first phase of the process.
  • the liquid L1 at moderate and controlled pressure has been designated by the reference L1, which is contained in the tube.
  • L1 the liquid L1 at moderate and controlled pressure
  • the reference L1 which is contained in the tube.
  • an elastically deformable washer 210 the presence between two adjacent dies, in the annular portions 20, of an elastically deformable washer 210.
  • these washers are regularly distributed over the entire circumference of the dies. They are housed in circular grooves made in the lower matrix. Their function will be explained later.
  • the two half-dies abut one against the other by the external parts 20, which limits the crushing of the wall of the tube; on the contrary, the elastic rings 210 are completely crushed inside their groove.
  • the tube must be perfectly contained over its entire length and in particular in this end portion, to avoid the formation of hernias, causes of rupture of the wall. This is particularly true in the areas where the cylindrical ends meet the flat part of the tube.
  • the pressure of the liquid is then dropped, and it is expelled from the tube using compressed air.
  • the movable plate 32 is then raised. Given the elasticity of the washers 210, which relax, the dies deviate slightly from one another, as is symbolized by the arrow A2 in FIG. 15C.
  • the elastic stroke of the washers is chosen such that the mutual spacing of the dies is slightly greater than the depth of the recesses 28, which allows the extraction of the tube formed 100 "(arrow A3, FIG. 15C).
  • the mobile assembly of mobile half-dies is then moved away from the press, and brought into the position of FIG. 17. There is no difficulty in removing from the press the part of cylindrical end piece 15 of the upper coil of the press, since the die 2 ", which participated in the shaping of this nozzle, is lifted with the plate 32.
  • the piston rod 52 is advanced, by air intake behind the piston 521 on each side of the device 5, which allows the tube ends of these devices to be extracted. These are removed.
  • the jack 44 is then extended to separate the penultimate half-matrix 2B from the lowest matrix 2'B. This spacing is sufficient to allow the passage of the cylindrical endpiece 15 '.
  • the jacks 43 are not actuated, so as not to deform the turns of the formed tube, the pitch of which is substantially smaller than the pitch of the initial preformed tube.
  • the element 1 can be removed manually, by a horizontal translational movement.
  • the exchanger 8 shown in the figure comprises a cylindrical burner 7, of axis XX ', mounted inside a hollow body 8.
  • the latter has a generally cylindrical shape and is provided with a bottom 84 having a flange (or sleeve) 80 coaxial with the axis of the burner, through which the mixture of gas and air to be burned.
  • the exhaust of the burnt gases is done by a flange (or cuff) 81 disposed at the opposite end of the body 8.
  • the burner 7 is immobilized against the bottom 84 by means of a flange 83 retained by threaded rods 85.
  • the cylindrical burner 7 has a length substantially shorter than the length of the body 8.
  • a ceramic disc 82 also fixed to the threaded rods 85.
  • the disc 82 the diameter of which is a little larger than that of the burner 7, divides the interior of the body 8 into two spaces 800, 801 located respectively at the level of the burner and beyond it.
  • This exchanger is equipped with four elements 1 according to the invention, stacked coaxially on each other and arranged inside the body 8. Their diameter is a little larger than the diameter of the burner. Two of the elements, referenced 1a and 1b are located inside the space 800, that is to say opposite the burner 7. The next element 1c straddles the two spaces 800, 801, sa central part consequently coming opposite the disc 82. Finally, the last element 1d is located in the space 801.
  • the diameter of the disc 82 corresponds substantially, apart from the engagement clearance, to the internal diameter of the elements 1, so that the edge of the disc comes to touch the element 1c.
  • the burner 7 has an annular wall pierced with a multitude of small holes arranged radially and allowing the passage of the air + gas mixture. Combustion takes place outside the burner, the base of the flames being against the external wall 71 of the burner.
  • Reference 70 has designated an electrode, of a type well known per se, used for igniting the burner and controlling the flame.
  • the wall 71 of the burner is located a short distance from the internal edge of the turns of the elements 1, for example approximately 20 mm from this edge.
  • the boiler concerned is a domestic condensing boiler, which is used to heat water.
  • Cold water (EF) arrives via a conduit 149 and is connected by two bypass conduits 150c, 150b to the inlet portions of the two elements 1c, 1b respectively.
  • the outputs of these two elements are connected, via two taps 150'c and 150'd to a conduit 151 'which, in turn, brings water, via two taps 150'a and 150'b respectively to the two elements 1a and 1b.
  • the water leaves these two elements by two diversions 150a, 150b connecting to a duct 151 for discharging hot water (EC).
  • connections of the various conduits to the end caps (cylindrical) of each element are made in a conventional manner, by connections known per se.
  • the elements are therefore connected in parallel two by two, and the two pairs are connected in series.
  • the air-gas mixture (GA) is brought through the flange 80 inside the burner. Combustion takes place on the outer wall 71 thereof.
  • the hot gases from combustion whose temperature, for information, is of the order of 1100 ° C, escape radially and pass through the interstices, of well-calibrated height, separating the turns of the elements 1a, 1b and d 'part of 1c.
  • There is therefore a flow of hot gas blades, symbolized by the arrows H1 which will lick the flat faces of the turns of the exchanger, and heat the water circulating inside it.
  • the flow is very regular given the uniformity of thickness of the interstices.
  • the heat transfer from the burnt gases to water is particularly efficient.
  • the partially cooled gases After passing from the interior to the exterior of the elements 1a, 1b and partially 1c, the partially cooled gases arrive in the annular space located inside the body 8, but outside the exchanger. They will then cross the interstices between the turns of element 1d and the other part of element 1c, from the outside to the inside, as symbolized by the arrows H2. A large part of their residual heat is thus transferred to the liquid circulating in the exchanger. Finally, these gases, the temperature of which has dropped for example to around 50 ° C., escape through the collar 81, as symbolized by the arrows H3. Of course, this flange is connected to a discharge pipe, for example to a chimney pipe.
  • the circulation of water in the exchanger is counter-current to the circulation of gases.
  • the cold water is first of all preheated by the flow H2, then heated by the flow H1.
  • the water temperature is brought from ambient temperature to a temperature of the order of 60 ° C.
  • the presence of the disc 82 prevents the direct passage of gases inside the exchanger from space 800 to space 801.
  • This embodiment differs from that of FIG. 18, however, by the fact that the gases in the space 801 will once again pass through the exchanger, in this case the interstices interstices of the element 1f, from the inside to the outside, as symbolized by the arrows H3. The cooled gases then escape through the flange 81 (arrows H4).
  • This device performs in a way two successive preheats of the water, which makes it particularly efficient.
  • the device represented in FIG. 21 is a heat recovery unit intended to be placed at the outlet of a conventional boiler, or of any another device that releases gases at a temperature sufficient to heat a fluid, such as water.
  • a fluid such as water.
  • This outlet has a flange 90 in which is fitted the flange 80 for input of the body 8 of the device, including the output flange is designated 81.
  • the body 8 has a generally cylindrical shape. Inside the latter, and coaxially, is mounted a set of exchanger elements according to the invention, for example four elements referenced 1a, 1b, 1c and 1d.
  • the element placed on the side of the device 9 is placed against the entry wall of the body 8. At the other end, the interior space of the exchanger is closed off by a partition 89.
  • the hot gases arrive inside the exchanger, and are divided into gas blades which cross the interstices of the different elements 1, as symbolized by the arrows I 1.
  • the heat is thus transferred from the gases to the circulating liquid inside the exchanger.
  • the cooled gases then pass through the annular space located outside the exchanger and exit the device through the collar 81 (arrows I 2).
  • the device comprises two heat exchangers 1, 1 ', each formed of a stack of three elements according to the invention.
  • the two exchangers are arranged parallel to each other inside the same body 8.
  • the hot gases J 0 leaving the device 9 first penetrate inside the exchanger 1. They escape radially from the inside to the outside of it (arrows J1). They then pass through the exchanger 1 ′, this time from the outside to the inside (arrows J2) to then be evacuated (arrows J3).
  • the two exchangers are connected in series, the water circulating in the opposite direction to the gases, that is to say first passing through element 1 'then element 1.
  • the device illustrated in FIG. 23 consists of a parallel mounting of two devices similar to that of FIG. 21.
  • the device comprises two exchangers 1 "each composed of a stack of elements in accordance with the invention.
  • the gas flow hot K0 leaving the device 9 is subdivided into two flows K1 which are each brought inside a 1 "exchanger.
  • the hot air passes through the interstices separating the turns of each exchanger from the inside to the outside (arrows K2).
  • the cooled gases are grouped together to escape from the device by the flange 81 (arrow K3).
  • FIG. 24A there has been shown in FIG. 24A an arrangement according to which the end portions 14, 14 ′ are located directly above each other and intersect at right angles.
  • the bosses 12, which calibrate the spacing between the turns, do not necessarily have a radial arrangement.
  • bosses 12 ' arranged obliquely, that is to say forming an acute angle u relative to the radial direction.
  • the bosses 12 "have an arcuate shape and their general direction is also slightly inclined relative to the radial direction, in the manner of the fins of a turbine.
  • Such an arrangement of the bosses has the effect of orienting the flow of air escaping from the interstices between the turns, and of forming a vortex capable, under certain conditions, of improving the mixing and circulation of gases.
  • a series of bosses 12a, 12b is provided on each of the two flat faces of the turns.
  • This arrangement may be advantageous if it is desired that the spacing between the turns is relatively large.
  • the height of the bosses is necessarily reduced, because it involves a stretching of the wall of the tube during manufacture. Too much stretching would cause the wall to rupture.
  • the heat exchanger element is a double pitch element, formed by the interweaving one into the other of two similar windings 1, 1 '.
  • each turn of one of the elements is located opposite a turn of the other element.
  • the embodiment of Figures 28 and 28A comprises two elements according to the invention which are coaxial.
  • the outer element 1E has turns 10E whose winding diameter is larger than that of the turns 10 I of the inner element 1 I.
  • the end turns of the external element 1 I have wall recesses 16E sufficiently wide to allow the sections 14E and 14 I of the two elements 1E and 1 I to pass respectively.
  • the two elements can advantageously be welded to one another.
  • Element 1 which is the subject of the variant shown in Figures 29 and 30 differs essentially from that of Figure 1 by the fact that the major axes of the straight sections (flattened and oval) of the turns 10 are not perpendicular to the axis XX 'of the winding, but form an acute angle v therewith. In the example shown, this angle v is equal to 45 °.
  • the wall of the tube carries corrugations 12 (not shown in FIGS. 30 and 30A so as not to burden them unnecessarily) which serve as spacers calibrating the distance (h) between turns, which is significantly smaller than the thickness (e) of the crushed tube (see Figure 30A).
  • FIG. 31 shows the section of the half-dies 2 "which can be used to shape the starting helical tube 100 in order to obtain such a configuration. They have a thin annular part 20" of flat section and conical shape, whose half-angle at the top is equal to v . Of course, the part 20 "carries imprints (not shown) corresponding to the corrugations that it is desired to form.
  • Such an element configuration is particularly suitable for "vertical” operation, since it ensures excellent condensate flow.
  • the heat exchanger 8 'shown in Figure 32 whose axis XX' has a vertical arrangement, uses six elements conforming to that of Figures 29 and 30, mounted coaxially (along XX ') and connected in series.
  • the four upper elements 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d have turns whose taper diverges downwards.
  • a sheet metal piece 83 'interposed between the two series of elements ensures their perfect positioning at the place of their taper reversal.
  • the exchanger shown equips a gas boiler which comprises a cylindrical burner 80 'with surface combustion, arranged coaxially within the series of upper elements (1a, 1b, 1c, 1d).
  • the outer wall of the exchanger is referenced 800 '.
  • the fluid to be heated for example water, flows through the elements from bottom to top, that is to say in the following order: 1f, 1e, 1d, 1c, 1b, 1a.
  • the air / gas mixture A + G is brought from above to the inside of the burner 80 ′, the combustion taking place on the external surface of the latter.
  • the burnt and hot gases escape radially outwards, as symbolized by the arrows L1. They cross the interstices between turns of the first series of elements, obliquely downward (following the taper of the turns). They thus reach the annular space between the elements and the wall 800 '. Finally, they pass through the interstices between the turns of the lower elements 1e and 1f, this time from the outside towards the inside, to exit by a lower evacuation flange 81 '(arrows L2).
  • FIG. 32 shows how the arrangement with inverted conicities of elements 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d on the one hand and 1e, 1f on the other hand naturally directs and channels the flow of hot gases, as well as the condensates, from top to bottom inside the exchanger.
  • the exchanger elements according to the invention can find different applications, the fluid circulating inside the element not necessarily being a liquid, and the external fluid not necessarily being a gas.

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Claims (18)

  1. Wärmetauscherelement (1), das aus einem zu einer Wendel gerollten Rohr aus wärmeleitendem Material besteht, das für das Zirkulieren eines Kühlmittelfluides in seinem Inneren ausgelegt ist und einen abgeflachten und ovalen Querschnitt aufweist, dessen Hauptachse im wesentlichen rechtwinklig zur Achse (XX') der Wendel ist oder mit dieser einen spitzen Winkel (v) bildet, wobei jede Windung (10) des Rohres flache Stirnflächen (11) besitzt, die durch eine Lücke mit konstanter Höhe (h) von den Stirnflächen der benachbarten Windung getrennt sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Höhe (h) der zwei benachbarte Windungen (10) trennenden Lücke im wesentlichen kleiner als die Dicke (e) des besagten Querschnittes ist, wobei das Verhältnis (e/h) größer als 3 ist, und daß der Abstand zwischen zwei benachbarten Windungen (10) mittels Stegen (12) auf genaues Maß gebracht ist.
  2. Wärmetauscherelement nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Stege (12) Buckel oder Rippen sind, die an der Wandung des Rohres auf wenigstens einer der flachen Stirnflächen (11) ausgebildet sind.
  3. Wärmetauscherelement nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Buckel (12) sich radial in bezug auf die Achse (XX') der Wendel erstrecken.
  4. Wärmetauscherelement nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die beiden Enden des Rohres durch Endstücke (14, 14') tangential verlängert sind, die mit zylindrischen Ansatzstücken (15, 15') verbunden sind.
  5. Wärmetauscherelement nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die äußeren flachen Stirnflächen der Endwindungen im wesentlichen in zueinander parallelen und zur Achse (XX') der Wendel rechtwinkligen Ebenen (P, P') liegen.
  6. Wärmetauscherelement nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der innere Rand (13) der Windungen (10) gehämmert ist.
  7. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Wärmetauscherelementes nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, mit den Schritten, daß:
    a) ein zylindrisches Rohr (100) in Wendelform gebogen wird;
    b) dieses mit einem Fluid gefüllt wird;
    c) die Wandung des Rohres (100) derart plattgedrückt wird, daß sie einen abgeflachten und ovalen Querschnitt erhält, dessen Hauptachse im wesentlichen rechtwinklig zur Achse (XX') der Wendel ist, wobei gleichzeitig die Steigung der Wendel verringert wird; und
    d) während des Schrittes c) der Druck des in dem Rohr enthaltenen Fluides im wesentlichen konstant gehalten wird, um das Einsinken seiner Wandung zu verhindern.
  8. Verfahren nach Anspruch 7 zur Herstellung eines Wärmetauscherelementes nach einem der Ansprüche 4 oder 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß im Schritt c) Umformmatrizen (2) verwendet werden, die ausgehobene Vertiefungen (28) aufweisen, deren Form zu den Buckeln (12) oder Rippen komplementär ist, und daß bis zum Ende der Operation das in dem Rohr enthaltene Fluid einem erhöhten Druck ausgesetzt wird, um seine Wandung zu zwingen, sich an die Form der Vertiefungen (28) anzupassen.
  9. Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach einem der Ansprüche 7 oder 8, gekennzeichnet durch:
    - eine Presse (3) mit einer ortsfesten Fußplatte (30) und einer Aufspannplatte (32);
    - Betätigungsmittel (33, 34) zum Verschieben der Aufspannplatte (32) in bezug auf die ortsfeste Fußplatte (30); und
    - zwei Sätze von komplementären Halbmatrizen (2A, 2B) mit halbkreisförmiger Grundform, die dafür geeignet sind, sich zwischen den Windungen des umzuformenden Rohres zu plazieren, und die in der Betriebsstellung zwischen der ortsfesten Fußplatte (30) und der Aufspannplatte (32) plaziert sind.
  10. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß einer (2B) der Sätze beweglich ist und von der Presse mit dem Ziel getrennt werden kann, das umzuformende Rohr einzusetzen und das umgeformte Rohr zu entnehmen.
  11. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 9 oder 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Halbmatrizen flache Stirnfläche (24) aufweisen, die zum Plattdrücken des Rohres dienen und die in bezug auf eine Ebene geneigt sind, die rechtwinklig zu der Achse (XX') der Wendel ist.
  12. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 9 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jede der jeden Halbsatz bildenden Halbmatrizen in bezug auf die anderen mittels Säulen (200) geführt sind.
  13. Vorrichtung nach den Ansprüchen 11 und 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Säulen (200) durch Langlöcher (22) hindurchgehen, die in den Matrizen ausgebildet sind und deren Querneigung zulassen.
  14. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 9 bis 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie Stellantriebe (40, 41') aufweist, die dazu dienen, die einen Halbmatrizen von den anderen wegzurücken.
  15. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 9 bis 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie Mittel (5) aufweist, die dazu dienen, die beiden Enden des Rohres im Verlauf der Umformung dicht zu verschließen und ihm ein Fluid unter sehr großem Druck zuzuführen.
  16. Wärmetauscher für einen Kessel, der mit einem Brenner ausgestattet ist, der wenigstens ein Wärmetauscherelement nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6 umfaßt, in dem ein zu erwärmendes Fluid zirkuliert, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Wärmetauscherelement (1) in der Nähe des Brenners (7) an einer derartigen Stelle angeordnet ist, daß die Verbrennungsgase durch die die Windungen trennenden Lücken hindurchströmen.
  17. Wärmetauscher nach Anspruch 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß er mehrere Wärmetauscherelemente nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6 umfaßt, und daß von diesen wenigstens eines von innen nach außen von den Verbrennungsgasen durchströmt wird, wohingegen wenigstens ein anderes von diesen Gasen im entgegengesetzten Sinn durchströmt wird.
  18. Vorwärmer für einen Kessel, der wenigstens ein Wärmetauscherelement (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6 umfaßt, in dem vorzuwärmendes Wasser zirkuliert und das dem Fluß der (heißen) Abgase ausgesetzt ist, die aus dem Kessel entströmen.
EP94904677A 1993-01-15 1994-01-14 Wärmetauschelement, verfahren und vorrichtung zu dessen herstellung Expired - Lifetime EP0678186B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9300498A FR2700608B1 (fr) 1993-01-15 1993-01-15 Elément échangeur de chaleur, procédé et dispositif pour le fabriquer.
FR9300498 1993-01-15
PCT/FR1994/000047 WO1994016272A1 (fr) 1993-01-15 1994-01-14 Element echangeur de chaleur, procede et dispositif pour le fabriquer

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EP0678186A1 EP0678186A1 (de) 1995-10-25
EP0678186B1 true EP0678186B1 (de) 1997-03-12

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EP (1) EP0678186B1 (de)
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FR2846075A1 (fr) 2002-10-16 2004-04-23 Realisation Mecaniques Engenee Echangeur de chaleur a condensation, a enveloppe plastique
WO2004036121A1 (fr) 2002-10-16 2004-04-29 Societe D'etude Et De Realisation Mecaniques Engeneering En Technologies Avancees Echangeur de chaleur a condensation, a enveloppe plastique
WO2005028966A1 (en) * 2003-09-23 2005-03-31 Renato Montini Heat exchanger
EP1703227A2 (de) 2005-03-15 2006-09-20 Vaillant GmbH Wärmetauscher
US9134037B2 (en) 2008-03-06 2015-09-15 Giannoni France Equipment for producing domestic hot water
EP2187138A3 (de) * 2008-11-12 2014-04-02 Viessmann Werke GmbH & Co. KG Heizkessel und Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Heizkessels
DE102008056994A1 (de) 2008-11-12 2010-05-20 Viessmann Werke Gmbh & Co Kg Heizkessel und Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Heizkessels
EP2187138A2 (de) 2008-11-12 2010-05-19 Viessmann Werke GmbH & Co. KG Heizkessel und Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Heizkessels
WO2010100004A1 (fr) 2009-03-06 2010-09-10 Joseph Le Mer Porte à brûleur intégré pour appareil de chauffage
WO2011092332A1 (fr) 2010-02-01 2011-08-04 Giannoni France Dispositif de production de fluides chauds comprenant un echangeur de chaleur a condensation
WO2012123301A1 (fr) 2011-03-14 2012-09-20 Giannoni France Appareil de chauffage au gaz a condensation
EP3220073A1 (de) 2016-03-14 2017-09-20 Vaillant GmbH Wendelförmiger heizungswärmetauscher
DE102016215210A1 (de) 2016-08-16 2018-02-22 Vaillant Gmbh Wendelförmiger Heizungswärmetauscher
DE102021120235A1 (de) 2021-08-04 2023-02-09 Viessmann Climate Solutions Se Heizkessel

Also Published As

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DE69402051D1 (de) 1997-04-17
DE69402051T2 (de) 1997-10-09
WO1994016272A1 (fr) 1994-07-21
DE69402051T4 (de) 1998-12-03
ES2101501T3 (es) 1997-07-01
FR2700608B1 (fr) 1995-04-07
EP0678186A1 (de) 1995-10-25
FR2700608A1 (fr) 1994-07-22

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