EP0677639A1 - Automatic blocking device for ladders or postable transversally retractable ladders - Google Patents

Automatic blocking device for ladders or postable transversally retractable ladders Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0677639A1
EP0677639A1 EP95500037A EP95500037A EP0677639A1 EP 0677639 A1 EP0677639 A1 EP 0677639A1 EP 95500037 A EP95500037 A EP 95500037A EP 95500037 A EP95500037 A EP 95500037A EP 0677639 A1 EP0677639 A1 EP 0677639A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ladders
ladder
central
connecting rods
socket joint
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Ceased
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EP95500037A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Bruce Norman Unwin Simson
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Individual
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Individual
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06C—LADDERS
    • E06C1/00—Ladders in general
    • E06C1/02—Ladders in general with rigid longitudinal member or members
    • E06C1/38—Special constructions of ladders, e.g. ladders with more or less than two longitudinal members, ladders with movable rungs or other treads, longitudinally-foldable ladders
    • E06C1/383—Foldable ladders in which the longitudinal members are brought together on folding
    • E06C1/3835—Foldable ladders in which the longitudinal members are brought together on folding having collapsible steps comprising a hinge in their central part

Definitions

  • the invention relates, as indicated in the text of the statement, to improvements or improvements to ladders or portable retractable ladders or the like and, more specifically, to an automatic locking device for these ladders or portable ladders in the transverse direction, while ensuring stability or verticality, and guaranteeing the impossibility of unwanted displacement, tilting or closing.
  • the present innovation of this invention makes it possible, using a simple and ingenious automatic locking device, to give a solution to the stability problems in the manner described below, without thereby changing the reduced volume of the closed ladder which is one of its main and interesting features.
  • the automatic blocking device of the ladder in the working position consists essentially of two profiled connecting rods of one or another shape, taking their respective support points at the bottom of the uprights of the ladder, d on the one hand, and on a connecting rod with a central node running on the lower part of the central rod on the other hand.
  • the shape of the central knot rod will come given according to the different profiles used during the construction of the ladder and the length dimensions of the parts will be such as to allow that, in the fully open position of the ladder, the connecting rod knot will act exactly in support under the central part of the first step, which will ensure the blocking of the articulated system.
  • the automatic locking device which is the essential object of the innovation already cited, consists, according to FIG. 4, of a ball joint (22) which runs freely along the lower part of the symmetry bar (7).
  • the ball joint (22) is integrally joined to the struts (1) and (2) respectively.
  • connecting rods (20) and (20b) could be constituted by flat bars coupled as shown in FIG. 4, but other profiles can also be used, either in “U”, in “T”, or other; the importance lies in the rigid union of the axes of articulation between them (21) and (23).
  • the longitude of the connecting rods (20) and (20b) will be determined in such a way that, when the ladder is open in the working position, the ball joint (22) serves as a retaining stop against the first ball joint (5) forming part of the first of the steps.
  • the device acts as a triangular support console, thus considerably increasing the mechanical resistance of all of the steps (3), secured by the Spanish plates such as (8 ) on the central strip (7).
  • the Spanish plates such as (8 ) on the central strip (7).
  • connecting rod (20) is requested by compression and cannot be shortened, and the connecting rod (20b) is requested by extension and cannot be extended, since the ball joints (5) and (22) are in intimate contact with pressure due to the weight of the user (flying buttress system well known in mechanics).
  • the thickness dimensions of the assembly (21 - 22) and (20 - 20B) have been studied to fit and conceal entirely in the interior of the "U" profiles, and the half bars (3) (steps ) when folding the ladder.
  • this automatic blocking device preventing deformation in the parallelogram of the staircase is essential for the realization of double stairs and stepladders (small stairs) for industrial or domestic use.
  • stepladders or bleachers For the production of stepladders or bleachers, it is also necessary to add to the ladder an adequate support, also articulated.

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  • Ladders (AREA)

Abstract

The automatic locking system for ladders or transversely retractable ladders is constituted by two connecting rods (20,20b) pivoted and supported at the bottom (23) on the lower part of the ladder supports (1,2). The upper parts of the connecting rods are pivoted (21) in a central socket joint (22). The connecting rods are of a length such that in the ladder open position the socket joint acts a retaining stop against the first pivoting socket joint (5) forming part of the first step. The socket joint is solidly connected to the ladder supports and is guided and runs freely along the lower part of a central axial rod (7). In the open position of the ladder this rod abuts against the pivoting node) of the first step. This ensures symmetry of the ladder with a rectangular stabilising development. <IMAGE>

Description

L'invention concerne, selon l'indiqué dans le texte de l'énoncé, des perfectionnements ou améliorations des échelles ou échelles portatives escamotables ou similaires et, plus précisément, à un dispositif de blocage automatique de ces échelles ou échelles portatives en sens transversal, tout en assurant la stabilité ou verticalité, et en garantissant l'impossibilité du déplacement, inclination ou fermeture non voulue.The invention relates, as indicated in the text of the statement, to improvements or improvements to ladders or portable retractable ladders or the like and, more specifically, to an automatic locking device for these ladders or portable ladders in the transverse direction, while ensuring stability or verticality, and guaranteeing the impossibility of unwanted displacement, tilting or closing.

ÉTAT DE LA TECHNIQUESTATE OF THE ART

Le brevet français, nº 1.403.008, déposée le 27 Avril 1964, de M. Albert COMMUNAL, et Jean - Louis COMMUNAL, offre un énorme intérêt pour la réalisation d'une échelle escamotable au sens transversal, avec un volume réduit. Cependant, cette solution a aussi un manque de stabilité et de rigidité dans la position de travail qui demande la mise en oeuvre d'un mécanisme de blocage efficace de l'échelle en position d'usage.The French patent, nº 1.403.008, filed on April 27, 1964, of Mr. Albert COMMUNAL, and Jean - Louis COMMUNAL, offers an enormous interest for the realization of a retractable ladder in the transverse direction, with a reduced volume. However, this solution also has a lack of stability and rigidity in the working position which requires the implementation of an effective locking mechanism of the ladder in the use position.

En effet, en considérant le Brevet originel, il s'avère que l'échelle en position ouverte peut très bien osciller d'un côté à l'autre dans cette position, selon exposé dans les croquis explicatifs des plans ci-joints (figures 1 et 1 bis).Indeed, considering the original patent, it turns out that the ladder in the open position can very well oscillate from side to side in this position, as explained in the explanatory sketches of the attached plans (Figures 1 and 1 bis).

Ainsi, rien n'empêcherait que la moitié de l'échelle en sans vertical se replie contre son montant respectif (selon indiqué en figure 2). Un des montants peut, en position limite, se déplacer par rapport à l'autre et en fonction de la hauteur, d'une demie marche.Thus, nothing would prevent the half of the scale without vertical folding against its respective amount (as shown in Figure 2). One of the uprights can, in the limit position, move relative to the other and depending on the height, by half a step.

ACTIVITÉ D'INVENTIONINVENTION ACTIVITY

La présente innovation de cette invention permet, à l'aide d'un dispositif simple et ingénieux de blocage automatique, donner une solution aux problèmes de stabilité de la manière décrite à continuation, sans changer par autant le volume réduit de l'échelle fermée qui est une de ses principales et intéressantes caractéristiques.The present innovation of this invention makes it possible, using a simple and ingenious automatic locking device, to give a solution to the stability problems in the manner described below, without thereby changing the reduced volume of the closed ladder which is one of its main and interesting features.

DESCRIPTION DE L'INVENTIONDESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Le dispositif de blocage automatique de l'échelle en position de travail est constitué en l'essentiel par deux bielles profilées d'une ou une autre forme, prenant leurs points d'appui respectifs à la partie basse des montants de l'échelle, d'une part, et sur une bielle noeud central coulante sur la partie inférieure de la baguette centrale d'autre part.The automatic blocking device of the ladder in the working position consists essentially of two profiled connecting rods of one or another shape, taking their respective support points at the bottom of the uprights of the ladder, d on the one hand, and on a connecting rod with a central node running on the lower part of the central rod on the other hand.

La forme de la bielle noeud centrale viendra donnée en fonction des différents profils utilisés lors de la construction de l'échelle et des dimensions en longueur des pièces seront de manière telle à permettre que, en position d'ouverture complète de l'échelle, la bielle noeud agira exactement en appui sous la partie centrale de la première marche, ce qui assurera le blocage du système articulé.The shape of the central knot rod will come given according to the different profiles used during the construction of the ladder and the length dimensions of the parts will be such as to allow that, in the fully open position of the ladder, the connecting rod knot will act exactly in support under the central part of the first step, which will ensure the blocking of the articulated system.

Ce système de blocage automatique offre deux avantages différents:

  • 1. Garantie de symétrie parfaite de l'échelle par rapport à la baguette centrale, empêchant, dont, la déformation en parallélogramme, condition indispensable pour la sûreté de l'usager.
  • 2. Le dispositif agît en console triangulaire, évitant toute flexion vers le sol de l'ensemble par le centre des marches unies par la baguette centrale, donnant ainsi une augmentation considérable de la résistance mécanique de l'ensemble des marches.
This automatic blocking system offers two different advantages:
  • 1. Guarantee of perfect symmetry of the ladder with respect to the central rod, preventing, of which, the deformation in parallelogram, essential condition for the safety of the user.
  • 2. The device acts as a triangular console, avoiding any bending towards the ground of the assembly by the center of the steps united by the central rod, thus giving a considerable increase in the mechanical resistance of all the steps.

Nous aurons une idée plus larges des notes essentielles de l'invention en faisant référence aux lames des dessins figurant avec cette mémoire, où, d'une manière un peu schématisée, et seulement à titre d'exemple, sont représentés les détails préférés de l'invention.We will have a broader idea of the essential notes of the invention by referring to the blades of the drawings appearing with this memory, where, in a way a little schematized, and only by way of example, the preferred details of the invention are shown.

Dans les dessins:

  • Les figures 1 et 1 bis sont deux vues schématisées de deux phases de déstabilisation d'une échelle escamotable, selon l'antécédent.
  • La figure 2 est une vue en haussée latéral qui montre un exemple de déstabilisation à demi-échelon de cette échelle.
  • La figure 3 est un détail schématisé montrant un exemple géométrique de stabilisation contre déstabilisation.
  • La figure 4 est une vue en haussée qui donne des détails en section du dispositif de stabilisation, selon l'invention.
In the drawings:
  • Figures 1 and 1a are two schematic views of two phases of destabilization of a retractable ladder, according to the background.
  • Figure 2 is a side elevation view which shows an example of half-step destabilization of this scale.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic detail showing a geometric example of stabilization against destabilization.
  • Figure 4 is an elevated view which gives details in section of the stabilization device according to the invention.

DESCRIPTION DES INVENTIONSDESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTIONS

Par rapport aux illustrations, le dispositif de blocage automatique, qui est l'objet essentiel de l'innovation déjà citée, est constitué, selon la figure 4, d'une rotule (22) qui court librement au long de la partie inférieure de la barre de symétrie (7). La rotule (22) est unie solidairement aux étais (1) et (2) respectivement.Compared to the illustrations, the automatic locking device, which is the essential object of the innovation already cited, consists, according to FIG. 4, of a ball joint (22) which runs freely along the lower part of the symmetry bar (7). The ball joint (22) is integrally joined to the struts (1) and (2) respectively.

Il est évident que ces bielles (20) et (20b) pourront être constituées par des barres plates accouplées tel que montré en figure 4, mais d'autres profils peuvent également être utilisés, soit en "U", en "T", ou autres; l'importance repose dans l'union rigide des axes d'articulation entre eux (21) et (23).It is obvious that these connecting rods (20) and (20b) could be constituted by flat bars coupled as shown in FIG. 4, but other profiles can also be used, either in "U", in "T", or other; the importance lies in the rigid union of the axes of articulation between them (21) and (23).

La longitude des bielles (20) et (20b) sera déterminée de telle manière que, quand l'échelle est ouverte en position de travail, la rotule (22) sert de butoir de retenue contre la première rotule (5) formant partie de la première des marches.The longitude of the connecting rods (20) and (20b) will be determined in such a way that, when the ladder is open in the working position, the ball joint (22) serves as a retaining stop against the first ball joint (5) forming part of the first of the steps.

Il est également intéressant de faire noter que le dispositif, objet de cette innovation, agit en console triangulaire d'appui, augmentant ainsi de manière considérable la résistance mécanique de l'ensemble des marches (3), solidarisés par les espagnolettes telles que (8) sur la baguette centrale (7). Ainsi, toute flexion vers le sol d'un ou de tous les centres d'échelles soumises à une charge de travail devient interdite.It is also interesting to note that the device, the object of this innovation, acts as a triangular support console, thus considerably increasing the mechanical resistance of all of the steps (3), secured by the Spanish plates such as (8 ) on the central strip (7). Thus, any bending towards the ground of one or all of the scale centers subjected to a work load becomes prohibited.

Ce nouveau dispositif assure dans tous les cas une symétrie parfaite des deux étais (1 et 2), ce qui veut dire que la surface de développement total sera toujours inscrite dans un rectangle, et pas dans un parallélogramme, comme dans le cas de l'échelle mentionné sous "Etat de la Technique (figures 1 et 1 bis).This new device ensures in all cases a perfect symmetry of the two props (1 and 2), which means that the total development surface will always be inscribed in a rectangle, and not in a parallelogram, as in the case of the scale mentioned under "State of the Art (Figures 1 and 1a).

Les faces extérieures des étais (1 et 2) et "U" devront rester toujours retenues par ce dispositif de blocage antiasymétrique en plan orthogonal par rapport à la surface d'appui (plus précisément, et si la surface d'appui n'est pas plate, il faut considérer comme base le plan tangent qui passe par les points de contact de la base de l'échelle avec cette surface d'appui non plate).The external faces of the props (1 and 2) and "U" must always remain retained by this anti-asymmetric locking device in plane orthogonal to the support surface (more precisely, and if the support surface is not flat, it is necessary to consider as a base the tangent plane which passes through the contact points of the base of the ladder with this non-flat bearing surface).

Si un cas est posé ou la demande est posée par une action oblique des pieds de l'usager sur une barre quelconque, la déformation en parallélogramme de l'échelle se verrait empêchée par l'action des deux bielles (20) (20b).If a case is raised or the request is raised by an oblique action of the feet of the user on any bar, the deformation in parallelogram of the scale would be prevented by the action of the two connecting rods (20) (20b).

En effet, la bielle (20) est demandée par compression et ne peut être raccourcie, et la bielle (20b) est demandée par extension et ne peut être rallongée, vu que les rotules (5) et (22) sont en contact intime à pression dû au poids de l'usager (système en arc-boutant bien connu en mécanique).Indeed, the connecting rod (20) is requested by compression and cannot be shortened, and the connecting rod (20b) is requested by extension and cannot be extended, since the ball joints (5) and (22) are in intimate contact with pressure due to the weight of the user (flying buttress system well known in mechanics).

Manoeuvre de pliage des échelles en sens transversal pour le transport et mise il suffit d'effectuer une pression ver le haut sur la baguette centrale (7) pour lever un ensemble à travers les centres (8) des marches (3), après avoir approché les deux montants (1 et 2) l'un ver l'autre par translation horizontale.Maneuver of folding of the ladders in transverse direction for the transport and setting it is enough to carry out a pressure upwards on the central rod (7) to raise a unit through the centers (8) of the steps (3), after having approached the two uprights (1 and 2) to each other by horizontal translation.

Vues les différences de longitude existantes entre les demi - barres, telles que (3) et les bielles (20 - 20b), la baguette centrale (7) unie aux rotules, talles que (5) (articulées en 6(), monte plus vite que la rotule (22) (articulée en 21), pouvant, ainsi, courir vers la partie inférieure de la baguette (7) dont la longueur sera déterminée pour assurer la conduite nécessaire du set de rotule (21 - 22) sur cette baguette (7) jusqu'à la fermeture complète de l'échelle (1 - 2).Given the differences in longitude existing between the half-bars, such as (3) and the connecting rods (20 - 20b), the central rod (7) joined to the ball joints, tillers that (5) (articulated in 6 (), goes up more faster than the ball joint (22) (articulated at 21), thus being able to run towards the lower part of the rod (7), the length of which will be determined to ensure the necessary conduct of the ball joint set (21 - 22) on this rod (7) until the ladder is completely closed (1 - 2).

Les dimensions en épaisseur de l'ensemble (21 - 22) et (20 - 20B) ont été étudiées pour s'inscrire et dissimuler entièrement dans l'intérieur des profils en "U", et les demi - barres (3) (marches) lors du repliement de l'échelle.The thickness dimensions of the assembly (21 - 22) and (20 - 20B) have been studied to fit and conceal entirely in the interior of the "U" profiles, and the half bars (3) (steps ) when folding the ladder.

Dans un exemple de réalisation complet de l'invention, il permet la réalisation d'échelles doubles, petits escaliers ou escabeaux.In a complete embodiment of the invention, it allows the production of double ladders, small stairs or stepladders.

Il faut signaler que ce dispositif de blocage automatique empêchant la déformation en parallélogramme de l'escalier est indispensable pour la réalisation d'escaliers doubles et escabeaux (petits escaliers) à usage industriel ou domestique.It should be noted that this automatic blocking device preventing deformation in the parallelogram of the staircase is essential for the realization of double stairs and stepladders (small stairs) for industrial or domestic use.

Pour la réalisation d'escaliers doubles, il suffira de juxtaposer deux échelles munies de blocage au moyen de deux articulations classiques sur le pan de chaque montant.For the realization of double staircases, it will be enough to juxtapose two ladders provided with blocking by means of two conventional articulations on the side of each upright.

Pour la réalisation d'escabeaux ou gradins, il faut également ajouter à l'échelle un support adéquat, également articulé.For the production of stepladders or bleachers, it is also necessary to add to the ladder an adequate support, also articulated.

L'innovation présente de l'invention assure un moyen de solution aux défauts de stabilité et rigidité de l'échelle originale d'une manière différente aux dispositifs de moindre intérêt énumérés ci - dessous:

  • Première possibilité: blocage des articulations (telles que 4) de manière automatique ou au moyen d'une intervention manuelle. Cette forme de blocage agissant sur les extrémités des deux marches et demie (telles que 3) n'a pas la même efficacité, ni pour éviter la déformation en parallélogramme de l'échelle originale ni pour assurer la rigidité de l'ensemble aux centres de ces marches.
  • Deuxième possibilité: blocage en position d'usage d'un système (tel que 3) au moyen de bielles extensibles télescopiques bien connues avec blocage automatique ou manuel, occupant de manière sensible la position des bielles mentionnées, c. à. d., chaqu'une aurait une extrémité unie au montant (20) à l'aide d'axes (23), l'autre extrémité pouvant être unie, que ce soit sur les demies marches (3) par des axes d'articulation placés en (6), que ce soit sur des axes, telles que (21) solidarisés avec la baguette centrale directement ou au moyen d'une rotule (22), solidarisé avec la baguette (7), d'une manière quelconque: espagnolette, soudure, etc.
  • Troisième possibilité: Sur chaqu'un des montants (tels que 1), deux supports peuvent être ajoutés avec articulation qui peut être bloquée sur chaqu'un des montants (1-2).
The present innovation of the invention provides a means of solution to the defects in stability and rigidity of the original scale in a different way to the devices of least interest listed below:
  • First possibility: blocking of joints (such as 4) automatically or by manual intervention. This form of blocking acting on the ends of the two and a half steps (such as 3) does not have the same effectiveness, either to avoid deformation in parallelogram of the original scale nor to ensure the rigidity of the whole at the centers of these steps.
  • Second possibility: blocking in the use position of a system (such as 3) by means of well-known telescopic extendable rods with automatic or manual blocking, occupying in a sensitive manner the position of the mentioned rods, c. at. d., each one would have one end united to the upright (20) using axes (23), the other end being able to be united, either on the half steps (3) by articulation axes placed in (6), whether on axes, such as (21) secured to the central strip directly or by means of a ball joint (22), secured to the strip (7), in any way: espagnolette , welding, etc.
  • Third possibility: On each of the uprights (such as 1), two supports can be added with articulation which can be blocked on each of the uprights (1-2).

Une fois la nature de l'invention convenablement décrite, il faut signaler aux effets opportuns que cette invention n'est pas limitée aux détails exacts de cette exposition mais, au contraire, elle subira les modifications jugées convenables, toujours à condition que les caractéristiques essentielles de l'invention n'en soient pas modifiées, caractéristiques qui sont revendiquées à continuation.Once the nature of the invention has been properly described, it should be pointed out that the invention is not limited to the exact details of this invention. exhibition but, on the contrary, it will undergo the modifications deemed appropriate, always provided that the essential characteristics of the invention are not modified, characteristics which are claimed below.

Claims (2)

DISPOSITIF DE BLOCAGE AUTOMATIQUE DES ECHELLES OU ECHELLES PORTATIVES ESCAMOTABLES EN SENS TRANSVERSAL, constitué essentiellement par deux bielles profilées de toute section (20 - 20b), ayant leurs points d'appui et articulation respectifs (23) dans la partie inférieure des étais (1-2) et à l'aide d'articulations (21) sur une rotule (22) centrale et coulante placée dans la partie inférieure de la baguette centrale - axiale (7).AUTOMATIC LOCKING DEVICE FOR LADDERS OR PORTABLE RETRACTABLE LADDERS, consisting essentially of two profiled connecting rods of any cross section (20 - 20b), having their respective points of support and articulation (23) in the lower part of the struts (1- 2) and by means of articulations (21) on a central and sliding ball joint (22) placed in the lower part of the central - axial strip (7). DISPOSITIF DE BLOCAGE AUTOMATIQUE DES ECHELLES OU ECHELLES PORTATIVES ESCAMOTABLES EN SENS TRANSVERSAL, comprenant une rotule centrale (22) selon la revendication antérieur, caractérisée du fait que sa forme sera déterminée en fonction des différents profils de l'escalier, et ses dimensions seront de manière telle que la rotule, en position d'ouverture, constituera exactement l'appui sous la partie centrale du noeud d'articulation (5) de la première marche (3).DEVICE FOR AUTOMATICALLY LOCKING LADDERS OR PORTABLE RETRACTABLE LADDERS, comprising a central ball joint (22) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that its shape will be determined according to the different profiles of the staircase, and its dimensions will be so such that the ball joint, in the open position, will constitute exactly the support under the central part of the articulation knot (5) of the first step (3).
EP95500037A 1994-03-29 1995-03-28 Automatic blocking device for ladders or postable transversally retractable ladders Ceased EP0677639A1 (en)

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ES9400681 1994-03-29
ES9400681 1994-03-29

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