EP0676542B1 - Electromagnetically operated fuel injector - Google Patents

Electromagnetically operated fuel injector Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0676542B1
EP0676542B1 EP95103809A EP95103809A EP0676542B1 EP 0676542 B1 EP0676542 B1 EP 0676542B1 EP 95103809 A EP95103809 A EP 95103809A EP 95103809 A EP95103809 A EP 95103809A EP 0676542 B1 EP0676542 B1 EP 0676542B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fuel injection
injection valve
valve according
valve housing
diaphragm
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP95103809A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0676542A1 (en
Inventor
Uwe Dipl.-Ing. Grytz
Ulrich Dipl.-Ing. Vieweg
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Publication of EP0676542A1 publication Critical patent/EP0676542A1/en
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/16Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M51/00Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by being operated electrically
    • F02M51/06Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle
    • F02M51/061Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M55/00Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by their fuel conduits or their venting means; Arrangements of conduits between fuel tank and pump F02M37/00
    • F02M55/007Venting means

Definitions

  • the invention is based on an electromagnetically actuated Fuel injection valve according to the type of the main claim.
  • Numerous fuel injection valves are already known also from EP-PS 0 348 786, which an electrical Have connector through which the electrical Contacting a magnetic coil and thus its excitation he follows.
  • the contact itself is made via metallic Contact pins that range from the solenoid to the actual one Connectors run and largely made of plastic are encapsulated.
  • the molded contact pins are not in practice completely sealed. Rather, the finest are formed Capillary gap between the contact pins and the Plastic coating. This is particularly the case when exposed to heat Effect intensified because of the different Thermal expansion coefficient of plastic and metal too Cause material shifts.
  • the finest capillary gaps provide that direct connections between the between Air and the enclosed coil carrier and valve housing existing outside the fuel injector Atmosphere exist so that the fuel injector can "breathe”.
  • Electromagnetically actuated fuel injector known that a. comprising a solenoid has an electromagnetic circuit and a valve housing in which at least one radially extending cross hole is introduced.
  • This injection valve is a so-called Side-feed or bottom-feed injection valve, in which the Cross holes in the fuel valve housing on the side in the area is supplied to the solenoid.
  • the fuel passes over the Cross holes in the fuel injector and washed around completely the magnetic coil with its coil holder. From there the fuel gets into the interior of the injection valve, from where the fuel is directed to a spigot in a nozzle is so that fuel is sprayed off when the valve is open can.
  • the fuel injector according to the invention with the has characteristic features of the main claim the advantage that by creating a targeted Pressure equalization between the outside atmosphere and the coil space it is achieved that no moisture inside the valve penetrates, so that corrosion on the contact pins and the Coil wire and thus the destruction of the same is excluded is.
  • a temperature and use fuel-resistant membrane with high elasticity made of a fluorocarbon elastomer (FKM), fluorosilicone or consists of nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR, HNBR).
  • FKM fluorocarbon elastomer
  • NBR nitrile butadiene rubber
  • HNBR nitrile butadiene rubber
  • semi-permeable tissue e.g. the fabric known under the trademark Goretex® use, as this guarantees that no moisture is added can penetrate inside.
  • FIG. 1 shows a fuel injector with a first pressure compensation element according to the invention
  • Figure 2 shows a section of a fuel injector with a second pressure compensation element according to the invention
  • FIG. 3 a section along the line III-III in Figure 1 by a inventive pressure compensation element.
  • the electromagnetic shown in Figure 1 for example actuable fuel injector for Fuel injection systems of internal combustion engines has one tubular valve housing 1 made of a ferromagnetic Material in which a magnetic coil 3 on a coil carrier 2 is arranged.
  • the coil carrier 2 partially surrounds one stepped, concentric to one Valve longitudinal axis 7 extending core 4, which is tubular is formed and via which the fuel is supplied.
  • On its end facing away from the magnet coil 3 encloses this Valve housing 1 in the axial direction partially a nozzle body 6.
  • a nozzle body 6 for liquid-tight sealing between the valve housing 1 and the nozzle body 6 is a on the circumference of the nozzle body 6 Ring groove 10 formed in which a sealing ring 11 is arranged.
  • a stop plate 16 is clamped to limit the Movement one in a graded, one leadership area having longitudinal bore 17 of the nozzle body 6 arranged and protruding into a stepped longitudinal opening 18 of the valve housing 1
  • Valve needle 21 is used.
  • the valve needle 21 penetrates one with radial play Through opening 23 of the stop plate 16 and protrudes from it downstream end with a pin 25 from a Injection opening 26 of the nozzle body 6 out.
  • a frustoconical seat 28 formed with an end serving as a valve closing part the valve needle 21 cooperates and the opening or closing of the fuel injector.
  • valve needle 21 is one tubular anchor 30 firmly connected by the anchor 30 with a holding part 33 in an area 32 facing the seat surface 28 grips around the valve needle 21.
  • a return spring 37 On one of the magnetic coils 3 facing paragraph 34 of the armature 30 is a return spring 37 with one end. The other end supports it Return spring 37 on a tubular adjusting sleeve 40 from pressed into a stepped through bore 41 of the core 4 is.
  • the one made of plastic manufactured connector 45 include two, for example metallic contact pins 46 that are directly connected to the winding the solenoid 3 are connected.
  • the contact pins 46 protrude in the direction facing away from the seat 28 from which the Magnet coil 3 surrounding coil holder 2 and are largely encapsulated by plastic. Only at their end of the pin 47 are the contact pins 46 exposed; so they're not there immediately surrounded by plastic, so that a Plug connection with a corresponding, not shown Plug part is possible.
  • this problem is solved by at least one, for example two in the axial extent of the Solenoid 3 introduced into the wall of the valve housing 1
  • Cross bores 50 solved.
  • the cross bores 50 now take over very specifically the pressure balance between the outside atmosphere and the interior of the valve, which is negative via the capillary gap Has an effect.
  • the number of cross bores 50 is from special valve configuration, so that more than two cross holes 50 may be desired.
  • valve housing 1 On the valve housing 1 is in a circumferential annular groove 52, the cross bores 50 in the direction of the magnetic coil 3 extend, a pressure compensation element, e.g. an annular Membrane 53, which is made of a rubber, pushed on.
  • the membrane 53 covers the transverse bores 50 in the installed position Valve housing 1 completely.
  • For the function of the membrane 53 is it is not necessary that an annular groove on the circumference of the Valve housing 1 is provided. Rather, it is crucial that the cross holes 50 in any form from the membrane 53rd be covered.
  • the membrane has 53 areas thicker and thinner cross-section, which alternate.
  • the Areas of thicker cross-section provide stiffening sections 54 represents the stability and rigidity of the membrane 53rd is significantly increased.
  • These stiffening sections 54 can deal with the areas between one and six times, for example thinner cross section, the highly flexible membrane walls 55 trained, take turns.
  • the membrane 53 in Ring shape limiting membrane edges 57 are provided for example, have the same thickness as that Stiffening sections 54 and because of their high Radial tension for an optimal fit of the membrane 53 in the Ensure ring groove 52.
  • a membrane wall 55 must have at least one Cover cross hole 50, which is due to the ratio of the number of cross holes 50 to the number of membrane walls 55 slightly is feasible.
  • the membrane 53 rubber materials, such as nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR, HNBR), fluorocarbon elastomer (FKM) or fluorosilicone.
  • NBR nitrile butadiene rubber
  • HNBR fluorocarbon elastomer
  • FKM fluorocarbon elastomer
  • FIG. 2 shows a second exemplary embodiment of a inventive cross holes 50 covering Pressure compensation element shown.
  • the tissue 55 ' is introduced so that it as Vapor barrier works from the outside in, but it can "Breathe" the transport z. B. of water vapor from the inside out take over. A gas exchange can thus be realized, whereby no moisture gets inside the valve.
  • the semipermeable tissue 55 ' can be made in a carrier body 53' Be cast in plastic, for example the same shape has as the membrane 53 in the first embodiment.
  • the fabric 55' can, for example, by Be clipped into the annular groove 52 on the valve housing 1.
  • the number of cross holes 50 and the areas thinner Cross-section can again be designed variably.

Description

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Die Erfindung geht aus von einem elektromagnetisch betätigbaren Brennstoffeinspritzventil nach der Gattung des Hauptanspruchs. Bekannt sind bereits zahlreiche Brennstoffeinspritzventile, so auch aus der EP-PS 0 348 786, die einen elektrischen Anschlußstecker aufweisen, über den die elektrische Kontaktierung einer Magnetspule und damit deren Erregung erfolgt. Die Kontaktierung an sich erfolgt über metallische Kontaktstifte, die von der Magnetspule bis hin zum eigentlichen Anschlußstecker verlaufen und weitgehend von Kunststoff umspritzt sind.The invention is based on an electromagnetically actuated Fuel injection valve according to the type of the main claim. Numerous fuel injection valves are already known also from EP-PS 0 348 786, which an electrical Have connector through which the electrical Contacting a magnetic coil and thus its excitation he follows. The contact itself is made via metallic Contact pins that range from the solenoid to the actual one Connectors run and largely made of plastic are encapsulated.

Die umspritzten Kontaktstifte sind in der Praxis jedoch nicht vollständig dicht umschlossen. Vielmehr bilden sich feinste Kapillarspalte zwischen den Kontaktstiften und der Kunststoffumspritzung. Besonders bei Wärmeeinwirkung wird dieser Effekt noch verstärkt, da die unterschiedlichen Wärmeausdehnungskoeffizienten von Kunststoff und Metall zu Materialverschiebungen führen. Beim Betrieb der Brennkraftmaschine bzw. des Brennstoffeinspritzventils wird gerade durch die Brennkraftmaschine und auch die Aufheizung der Magnetspule eine Temperaturerhöhung im Bereich von Magnetspule und Anschlußstecker verursacht, die wiederum die Bildung von Kapillarspalten erhöht. Die feinsten Kapillarspalten sorgen dafür, daß direkte Verbindungen zwischen der zwischen Spulenträger und Ventilgehäuse eingeschlossenen Luft und der außerhalb des Brennstoffeinspritzventils existierenden Atmosphäre bestehen, so daß das Brennstoffeinspritzventil "atmen" kann.The molded contact pins are not in practice completely sealed. Rather, the finest are formed Capillary gap between the contact pins and the Plastic coating. This is particularly the case when exposed to heat Effect intensified because of the different Thermal expansion coefficient of plastic and metal too Cause material shifts. When operating the Internal combustion engine or the fuel injector is just by the internal combustion engine and also the heating of the Magnetic coil a temperature increase in the area of the magnetic coil and connector, which in turn causes the formation of Capillary gaps increased. The finest capillary gaps provide that direct connections between the between Air and the enclosed coil carrier and valve housing existing outside the fuel injector Atmosphere exist so that the fuel injector can "breathe".

Zwangsläufig kann ein Druckausgleich zwischen äußerer Atmosphäre und innerer Luft in Abhängigkeit von der Temperatur erfolgen. Bei Temperaturerhöhung im Betrieb des Brennstoffeinspritzventils wird durch die Volumenausdehnung der Magnetspule und der eingeschlossenen Luft der Innendruck über die Kapillarspalte nach außen abgebaut, so daß ein Druckgleichgewicht aufrechterhalten bleibt. Bei Abkühlung erfolgt der Druckausgleich in umgekehrter Richtung, so daß Umgebungsluft in den Ventilinnenraum gelangt, wobei besonders eine hohe Feuchtigkeit sehr nachteilig ist. Die Gefahr des Eintritts von Feuchtigkeit in das Innere des Brennstoffeinspritzventils ist besonders dann sehr groß, wenn die Brennkraftmaschine stark spritzwassergefährdet ist, wie es u. a. bei Heckmotoren von Kraftfahrzeugen der Fall ist oder extreme Umweltbedingungen herrschen. Die Folge ist eine Korrosion an den Kontaktstiften und dem Spulendraht, die bis zu einer Zerstörung des Spulendrahtes führen kann.Inevitably there can be pressure equalization between the outside atmosphere and internal air depending on the temperature. When the temperature increases during operation of the fuel injector is determined by the volume expansion of the solenoid and the trapped air the internal pressure across the capillary gap degraded to the outside so that a pressure balance is maintained. When cooling down the Pressure equalization in the opposite direction, so that ambient air in reaches the valve interior, with a particularly high one Moisture is very disadvantageous. The risk of entering There is moisture inside the fuel injector especially very large when the internal combustion engine is strong is at risk of splashing water, as u. a. for rear engines from Motor vehicles do or extreme environmental conditions to rule. The result is corrosion on the contact pins and the coil wire, which lead to destruction of the Can lead coil wire.

Aus der Schrift GB-OS 2 212 982 ist bereits ein elektromagnetisch betätigbares Brennstoffeinspritzventil bekannt, das einen u.a. eine Magnetspule umfassenden elektromagnetischen Kreis und ein Ventilgehäuse aufweist, in dem wenigstens eine radial verlaufende Querbohrung eingebracht ist. Bei diesem Einspritzventil handelt es sich um ein sogenanntes Side-Feed- bzw. Bottom-Feed-Einspritzventil, bei dem über die Querbohrungen im Ventilgehäuse Brennstoff seitlich im Bereich der Magnetspule zugeführt wird. Der Brennstoff tritt über die Querbohrungen in das Brennstoffeinspritzventil ein und umspült vollständig die Magnetspule mit ihrem Spulenträger. Von dort gelangt der Brennstoff in das Innere des Einspritzventils, von wo aus der Brennstoff zu einem Zapfen in einer Düse geleitet wird, so daß bei geöffnetem Ventil Brennstoff abgespritzt werden kann.From GB-OS 2 212 982 is already a Electromagnetically actuated fuel injector known that a. comprising a solenoid has an electromagnetic circuit and a valve housing in which at least one radially extending cross hole is introduced. This injection valve is a so-called Side-feed or bottom-feed injection valve, in which the Cross holes in the fuel valve housing on the side in the area is supplied to the solenoid. The fuel passes over the Cross holes in the fuel injector and washed around completely the magnetic coil with its coil holder. From there the fuel gets into the interior of the injection valve, from where the fuel is directed to a spigot in a nozzle is so that fuel is sprayed off when the valve is open can.

Vorteile der ErfindungAdvantages of the invention

Das erfindungsgemäße Brennstoffeinspritzventil mit den kennzeichnenden Merkmalen des Hauptanspruchs hat demgegenüber den Vorteil, daß durch das Schaffen eines gezielten Druckausgleichs zwischen äußerer Atmosphäre und Spulenraum erreicht wird, daß keine Feuchtigkeit in das Innere des Ventils eindringt, so daß eine Korrosion an den Kontaktstiften und dem Spulendraht und damit eine Zerstörung desselben ausgeschlossen ist.The fuel injector according to the invention with the has characteristic features of the main claim the advantage that by creating a targeted Pressure equalization between the outside atmosphere and the coil space it is achieved that no moisture inside the valve penetrates, so that corrosion on the contact pins and the Coil wire and thus the destruction of the same is excluded is.

Durch die in den Unteransprüchen aufgeführten Maßnahmen sind vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen und Verbesserungen des im Hauptanspruch angegebenen Brennstoffeinspritzventils möglich.By the measures listed in the subclaims advantageous further developments and improvements of the Main claim specified fuel injector possible.

Besonders vorteilhaft ist es, eine temperatur- und brennstoffbeständige Membran mit hohem Dehnvermögen einzusetzen, die aus einem Fluorkohlenstoffelastomer (FKM), Fluorsilikon oder aus Nitrilbutadien-Kautschuk (NBR, HNBR) besteht. Von Vorteil ist zudem, anstelle der Membran semipermeables Gewebe, wie z.B. das unter dem Warenzeichen Goretex® bekannte Gewebe zu verwenden, da damit garantiert ist, daß keine Feuchtigkeit nach innen eindringen kann.It is particularly advantageous to have a temperature and use fuel-resistant membrane with high elasticity, made of a fluorocarbon elastomer (FKM), fluorosilicone or consists of nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR, HNBR). Advantageous is, instead of the membrane, semi-permeable tissue, e.g. the fabric known under the trademark Goretex® use, as this guarantees that no moisture is added can penetrate inside.

Zeichnungdrawing

Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung sind in der Zeichnung vereinfacht dargestellt und in der nachfolgenden Beschreibung näher erläutert. Es zeigen Figur 1 ein Brennstoffeinspritzventil mit einem erfindungsgemäßen ersten Druckausgleichselement, Figur 2 einen Ausschnitt eines Brennstoffeinspritzventiles mit einem erfindungsgemäßen zweiten Druckausgleichselement und Figur 3 einen Schnitt entlang der Linie III-III in Figur 1 durch ein erfindungsgemäßes Druckausgleichselement. Embodiments of the invention are in the drawing shown in simplified form and in the description below explained in more detail. 1 shows a fuel injector with a first pressure compensation element according to the invention, Figure 2 shows a section of a fuel injector with a second pressure compensation element according to the invention and FIG. 3 a section along the line III-III in Figure 1 by a inventive pressure compensation element.

Beschreibung der AusführungsbeispieleDescription of the embodiments

Das in der Figur 1 beispielsweise dargestellte elektromagnetisch betätigbare Brennstoffeinspritzventil für Brennstoffeinspritzanlagen von Brennkraftmaschinen hat ein rohrförmiges Ventilgehäuse 1 aus einem ferromagnetischen Material, in dem auf einem Spulenträger 2 eine Magnetspule 3 angeordnet ist. Der Spulenträger 2 umgibt teilweise einen stufenförmig ausgestalteten, konzentrisch zu einer Ventillängsachse 7 verlaufenden Kern 4, der rohrförmig ausgebildet ist und über den die Brennstoffzufuhr erfolgt. An seinem der Magnetspule 3 abgewandten Ende umschließt das Ventilgehäuse 1 in axialer Richtung teilweise einen Düsenkörper 6. Zur flüssigkeitsdichten Abdichtung zwischen dem Ventilgehäuse 1 und dem Düsenkörper 6 ist am Umfang des Düsenkörpers 6 eine Ringnut 10 ausgebildet, in der ein Dichtring 11 angeordnet ist.The electromagnetic shown in Figure 1, for example actuable fuel injector for Fuel injection systems of internal combustion engines has one tubular valve housing 1 made of a ferromagnetic Material in which a magnetic coil 3 on a coil carrier 2 is arranged. The coil carrier 2 partially surrounds one stepped, concentric to one Valve longitudinal axis 7 extending core 4, which is tubular is formed and via which the fuel is supplied. On its end facing away from the magnet coil 3 encloses this Valve housing 1 in the axial direction partially a nozzle body 6. For liquid-tight sealing between the valve housing 1 and the nozzle body 6 is a on the circumference of the nozzle body 6 Ring groove 10 formed in which a sealing ring 11 is arranged.

Zwischen einer der Magnetspule 3 zugewandten Stirnfläche 13 des Düsenkörpers 6 und einer der Stirnfläche 13 in axialer Richtung gegenüberliegenden Innenschulter 15 des Ventilgehäuses 1 ist eine Anschlagplatte 16 eingeklemmt, die zur Begrenzung der Bewegung einer in einer abgestuften, einen Führungsbereich aufweisenden Längsbohrung 17 des Düsenkörpers 6 angeordneten und in eine abgestufte Längsöffnung 18 des Ventilgehäuses 1 ragenden Ventilnadel 21 dient. Zwei beispielsweise als Vierkante ausgebildete Führungsabschnitte 22 der Ventilnadel 21 werden durch den Führungsbereich der Längsbohrung 17 geführt; sie lassen aber auch einen axialen Durchgang für den Brennstoff frei. Die Ventilnadel 21 durchdringt mit Radialspiel eine Durchgangsöffnung 23 der Anschlagplatte 16 und ragt an ihrem stromabwärtigen Ende mit einem Nadelzapfen 25 aus einer Einspritzöffnung 26 des Düsenkörpers 6 heraus. Am stromabwärtigen, der Anschlagplatte 16 abgewandten Ende ist am Düsenkörper 6 eine beispielsweise kegelstumpfförmige Sitzfläche 28 gebildet, die mit einem als Ventilschließteil dienenden Ende der Ventilnadel 21 zusammenwirkt und das Öffnen bzw. Schließen des Brennstoffeinspritzventils bewirkt.Between one of the solenoid 3 facing end face 13 of the Nozzle body 6 and one of the end faces 13 in the axial direction opposite inner shoulder 15 of the valve housing 1 a stop plate 16 is clamped to limit the Movement one in a graded, one leadership area having longitudinal bore 17 of the nozzle body 6 arranged and protruding into a stepped longitudinal opening 18 of the valve housing 1 Valve needle 21 is used. Two, for example, as a square trained guide portions 22 of the valve needle 21 guided through the guide area of the longitudinal bore 17; she but also leave an axial passage for the fuel free. The valve needle 21 penetrates one with radial play Through opening 23 of the stop plate 16 and protrudes from it downstream end with a pin 25 from a Injection opening 26 of the nozzle body 6 out. At the downstream end of the stop plate 16 is at Nozzle body 6, for example, a frustoconical seat 28 formed with an end serving as a valve closing part the valve needle 21 cooperates and the opening or closing of the fuel injector.

An ihrem anderen Ende ist die Ventilnadel 21 mit einem rohrförmigen Anker 30 fest verbunden, indem der Anker 30 mit einem der Sitzfläche 28 zugewandten Bereich 32 ein Halteteil 33 der Ventilnadel 21 umgreift. An einem der Magnetspule 3 zugewandten Absatz 34 des Ankers 30 liegt eine Rückstellfeder 37 mit ihrem einen Ende an. Mit ihrem anderen Ende stützt sich die Rückstellfeder 37 an einer rohrförmigen Einstellhülse 40 ab, die in eine abgestufte Durchgangsbohrung 41 des Kerns 4 eingepreßt ist.At its other end, the valve needle 21 is one tubular anchor 30 firmly connected by the anchor 30 with a holding part 33 in an area 32 facing the seat surface 28 grips around the valve needle 21. On one of the magnetic coils 3 facing paragraph 34 of the armature 30 is a return spring 37 with one end. The other end supports it Return spring 37 on a tubular adjusting sleeve 40 from pressed into a stepped through bore 41 of the core 4 is.

Zumindest teilweise sind in axialer Richtung der Kern 4 und das Ventilgehäuse 1 durch eine Kunststoffummantelung 43 umschlossen. Ein elektrischer Anschlußstecker 45, über den die elektrische Kontaktierung der Magnetspule 3 und damit deren Erregung erfolgt, ist beispielsweise zusammen mit der Kunststoffummantelung 43 ausgeformt. Zu dem aus Kunststoff gefertigten Anschlußstecker 45 gehören beispielsweise zwei metallische Kontaktstifte 46, die unmittelbar mit der Wicklung der Magnetspule 3 in Verbindung stehen. Die Kontaktstifte 46 ragen in von der Sitzfläche 28 abgewandter Richtung aus dem die Magnetspule 3 umgebenden Spulenträger 2 heraus und sind weitgehend von Kunststoff umspritzt. Erst an ihrem Stiftende 47 liegen die Kontaktstifte 46 frei; sie sind dort also nicht unmittelbar von Kunststoff umschlossen, so daß eine Steckverbindung mit einem nicht gezeigten korrespondierenden Steckerteil möglich ist. The core 4 and that are at least partially in the axial direction Valve housing 1 enclosed by a plastic sheath 43. An electrical connector 45 through which the electrical Contacting the solenoid 3 and thus its excitation is done, for example, together with the Plastic sheath 43 molded. The one made of plastic manufactured connector 45 include two, for example metallic contact pins 46 that are directly connected to the winding the solenoid 3 are connected. The contact pins 46 protrude in the direction facing away from the seat 28 from which the Magnet coil 3 surrounding coil holder 2 and are largely encapsulated by plastic. Only at their end of the pin 47 are the contact pins 46 exposed; so they're not there immediately surrounded by plastic, so that a Plug connection with a corresponding, not shown Plug part is possible.

Verbindungen zwischen Kunststoff- und Metallteilen sind nicht vollständig dicht. So ist es auch an Brennstoffeinspritzventilen nicht möglich, eine vollständige Dichtheit im Bereich der mit Kunststoff umspritzten Kontaktstifte 46 zu gewährleisten. Vielmehr bilden sich feinste Kapillarspalte zwischen den Kontaktstiften 46 und der Kunststoffummantelung 43. Besonders bei Wärmeeinwirkung wird dieser Effekt noch verstärkt, da die unterschiedlichen Wärmeausdehnungskoeffizienten von Kunststoff und Metall zu Materialverschiebungen führen. Beim Betrieb der Brennkraftmaschine bzw. des Brennstoffeinspritzventils wird gerade durch die Brennkraftmaschine und auch die Aufheizung der Magnetspule 3 eine Temperaturerhöhung im Bereich von Magnetspule 3 und Anschlußstecker 45 verursacht, die wiederum die Bildung von Kapillarspalten erhöht. Die feinsten Kapillarspalten sorgen dafür, daß direkte Verbindungen zwischen der zwischen Spulenträger 2 und Ventilgehäuse 1 eingeschlossenen Luft und der außerhalb des Brennstoffeinspritzventils existierenden Atmosphäre bestehen, so daß das Brennstoffeinspritzventil "atmen" kann.There are no connections between plastic and metal parts completely tight. It is the same with fuel injectors not possible to have a complete tightness in the area of To ensure molded plastic contact pins 46. Rather, the finest capillary gaps form between the Contact pins 46 and the plastic sheath 43. Especially this effect is increased when exposed to heat, since the different coefficients of thermal expansion of plastic and metal lead to material shifts. When operating the Internal combustion engine or the fuel injector is just by the internal combustion engine and also the heating of the Magnetic coil 3 a temperature increase in the area of the magnetic coil 3 and connector 45 causes, in turn, the formation increased by capillary gaps. The finest capillary gaps provide that direct connections between the between Coil carrier 2 and valve housing 1 trapped air and existing outside the fuel injector Atmosphere exist so that the fuel injector can "breathe".

Zwangsläufig kann ein Druckausgleich zwischen äußerer Atmosphäre und innerer Luft in Abhängigkeit von der Temperatur erfolgen. Bei Temperaturerhöhung im Betrieb des Brennstoffeinspritzventils wird durch die Volumenausdehnung der Magnetspule 3 und der eingeschlossenen Luft der Innendruck über die Kapillarspalte nach außen abgebaut, so daß ein Druckgleichgewicht aufrechterhalten bleibt. Bei Abkühlung erfolgt der Druckausgleich in umgekehrter Richtung, so daß Umgebungsluft in den Ventilinnenraum gelangt, wobei besonders eine hohe Feuchtigkeit der eingesaugten Luft sehr nachteilig ist. Die Gefahr des Eintritts von Feuchtigkeit in das Innere des Brennstoffeinspritzventils ist besonders dann sehr groß, wenn die Brennkraftmaschine stark spritzwassergefährdet ist, wie es u. a. bei Heckmotoren von Kraftfahrzeugen der Fall ist, oder extreme Umweltbedingungen herrschen. Da nicht nur reines Wasser in den Kapillarspalten eingesaugt werden kann, sondern auch andere Partikel mitgenommen werden, kann die Korrosion im Spulenraum sogar noch beschleunigt werden, so daß eine Zerstörung des Spulendrahtes nicht ausgeschlossen ist.Inevitably there can be pressure equalization between the outside atmosphere and internal air depending on the temperature. When the temperature increases during operation of the fuel injector is determined by the volume expansion of the magnet coil 3 and trapped air the internal pressure across the capillary gap degraded to the outside so that a pressure balance is maintained. When cooling down the Pressure equalization in the opposite direction, so that ambient air in reaches the valve interior, with a particularly high one Moisture of the intake air is very disadvantageous. The Risk of moisture entering inside the Fuel injector is especially large when the internal combustion engine is at high risk of splashing water, like it is u. a. is the case with rear engines of motor vehicles, or extreme environmental conditions prevail. Not just pure water can be sucked into the capillary gaps, but also other particles are taken away, the corrosion in the Coil space can even be accelerated, so that a Destruction of the coil wire is not excluded.

Erfindungsgemäß wird dieses Problem durch wenigstens eine, beispielsweise zwei im axialen Erstreckungsbereich der Magnetspule 3 in der Wandung des Ventilgehäuses 1 eingebrachte Querbohrungen 50 gelöst. Die Querbohrungen 50 übernehmen nun ganz gezielt den Druckausgleich zwischen äußerer Atmosphäre und dem Ventilinnenraum, der über die Kapillarspalte eine negative Wirkung hat. Die Anzahl der Querbohrungen 50 ist von der speziellen Ventilkonfiguration abhängig, so daß auch mehr als zwei Querbohrungen 50 erwünscht sein können.According to the invention, this problem is solved by at least one, for example two in the axial extent of the Solenoid 3 introduced into the wall of the valve housing 1 Cross bores 50 solved. The cross bores 50 now take over very specifically the pressure balance between the outside atmosphere and the interior of the valve, which is negative via the capillary gap Has an effect. The number of cross bores 50 is from special valve configuration, so that more than two cross holes 50 may be desired.

Auf das Ventilgehäuse 1 wird in eine umlaufende Ringnut 52, von der aus sich die Querbohrungen 50 in Richtung Magnetspule 3 erstrecken, ein Druckausgleichselement, z.B. eine ringförmige Membran 53, die aus einem Gummi hergestellt ist, aufgeschoben. Die Membran 53 bedeckt in Einbaulage die Querbohrungen 50 im Ventilgehäuse 1 vollständig. Für die Funktion der Membran 53 ist es nicht erforderlich, daß eine Ringnut am Umfang des Ventilgehäuses 1 vorgesehen ist. Vielmehr ist es entscheidend, daß die Querbohrungen 50 in irgendeiner Form von der Membran 53 überdeckt werden.On the valve housing 1 is in a circumferential annular groove 52, the cross bores 50 in the direction of the magnetic coil 3 extend, a pressure compensation element, e.g. an annular Membrane 53, which is made of a rubber, pushed on. The membrane 53 covers the transverse bores 50 in the installed position Valve housing 1 completely. For the function of the membrane 53 is it is not necessary that an annular groove on the circumference of the Valve housing 1 is provided. Rather, it is crucial that the cross holes 50 in any form from the membrane 53rd be covered.

Wie in Figur 3 gezeigt, besitzt die Membran 53 Bereiche dickeren und dünneren Querschnitts, die sich jeweils abwechseln. Die Bereiche dickeren Querschnitts stellen Versteifungsabschnitte 54 dar, durch die die Stabilität und Steifigkeit der Membran 53 deutlich erhöht wird. Diese Versteifungsabschnitte 54 können sich beispielsweise zwischen ein- und sechsmal mit den Bereichen dünneren Querschnitts, die als hochflexible Membranwände 55 ausgebildet sind, abwechseln. In axialer Richtung oberhalb und unterhalb der dünnen Membranwände 55 sind die Membran 53 in Ringform begrenzende Membranränder 57 vorgesehen, die beispielsweise die gleiche Dicke besitzen wie die Versteifungsabschnitte 54 und aufgrund ihrer hohen Radialspannung für ein optimales Einpassen der Membran 53 in der Ringnut 52 sorgen. Eine Membranwand 55 muß wenigstens eine Querbohrung 50 überdecken, was durch das Verhältnis der Anzahl der Querbohrungen 50 zu der Anzahl der Membranwände 55 leicht realisierbar ist.As shown in Figure 3, the membrane has 53 areas thicker and thinner cross-section, which alternate. The Areas of thicker cross-section provide stiffening sections 54 represents the stability and rigidity of the membrane 53rd is significantly increased. These stiffening sections 54 can deal with the areas between one and six times, for example thinner cross section, the highly flexible membrane walls 55 trained, take turns. In the axial direction above and below the thin membrane walls 55 are the membrane 53 in Ring shape limiting membrane edges 57 are provided for example, have the same thickness as that Stiffening sections 54 and because of their high Radial tension for an optimal fit of the membrane 53 in the Ensure ring groove 52. A membrane wall 55 must have at least one Cover cross hole 50, which is due to the ratio of the number of cross holes 50 to the number of membrane walls 55 slightly is feasible.

An die Qualität der Membran 53 sind verschiedene Ansprüche gestellt. So muß sie die Fähigkeit besitzen, durch ihre Beweglichkeit bereits geringe Druckschwankungen auszugleichen. Bei einer Temperaturerhöhung und einem erhöhten Innendruck im Ventilinnenraum bewegen sich die dünnen, hochflexiblen Membranwände 55 radial nach außen und heben minimal vom Ventilgehäuse 1 ab, während bei einer Abkühlung und einem eventuell auftretenden Unterdruck im Ventilinnenraum die Membranwände 55 wieder an das Ventilgehäuse 1 herangezogen bzw. in die Querbohrungen 50 in geringem Maße hineingezogen werden. Dabei dichten jeweils die Membranränder 57 durch ihr ständiges dichtes Anliegen am Ventilgehäuse 1 ab. Neben dem dafür notwendigen Dehnvermögen muß der Werkstoff der Membran 53 auch brennstoff- und temperaturbeständig sein. Deshalb eignen sich für die Membran 53 Gummiwerkstoffe, wie Nitrilbutadien-Kautschuk (NBR, HNBR), Fluorkohlenstoffelastomer (FKM) oder Fluorsilikon. Die Membran 53 ermöglicht also einen Druckausgleich, ohne daß die Gefahr des Eindringens von Feuchtigkeit in den Ventilinnenraum besteht und unterbindet negative Kapillarströmungen.Different demands are made of the quality of the membrane 53 posed. So it must have the ability through its Mobility to compensate for even slight pressure fluctuations. With a temperature increase and an increased internal pressure in the Valve interiors move the thin, highly flexible Membrane walls 55 radially outwards and lift minimally from Valve housing 1 from, while cooling and one any negative pressure that occurs in the valve interior Membrane walls 55 pulled back to the valve housing 1 or are drawn into the transverse bores 50 to a small extent. The membrane edges 57 each seal due to their constant from the valve housing 1. Besides that for that the material of the membrane 53 must also have the necessary elasticity be fuel and temperature resistant. Therefore are suitable for the membrane 53 rubber materials, such as nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR, HNBR), fluorocarbon elastomer (FKM) or fluorosilicone. The membrane 53 thus enables pressure equalization without the risk of moisture entering the Valve interior exists and prevents negative ones Capillary flows.

In der Figur 2 ist ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel eines erfindungsgemäß Querbohrungen 50 abdeckenden Druckausgleichselementes dargestellt. Hierbei sind die dünnen Membranwände 55 durch ein Gewebe 55' aus semipermeablem Material, z. B. das unter dem Warenzeichen Goretex® bekannte Gewebe, ersetzt. Das Gewebe 55' wird so eingebracht, daß es als Dampfsperre von außen nach innen wirkt, es kann also aber beim "Atmen" den Transport z. B. von Wasserdampf von innen nach außen übernehmen. Ein Gasaustausch kann somit realisiert werden, wobei keine Feuchtigkeit ins Innere des Ventils gelangt. Das semipermeable Gewebe 55' kann in einem Trägerkörper 53' aus Kunststoff eingegossen sein, der beispielsweise dieselbe Form aufweist wie die Membran 53 im ersten Ausführungsbeispiel. Der Trägerkörper 53' mit dem Gewebe 55' kann beispielsweise durch Einclipsen in die Ringnut 52 am Ventilgehäuse 1 befestigt sein. Die Anzahl der Querbohrungen 50 und der Bereiche dünneren Querschnitts kann wieder variabel gestaltet sein.FIG. 2 shows a second exemplary embodiment of a inventive cross holes 50 covering Pressure compensation element shown. Here are the thin ones Membrane walls 55 through a fabric 55 'of semi-permeable Material, e.g. B. that known under the trademark Goretex® Tissue, replaced. The tissue 55 'is introduced so that it as Vapor barrier works from the outside in, but it can "Breathe" the transport z. B. of water vapor from the inside out take over. A gas exchange can thus be realized, whereby no moisture gets inside the valve. The semipermeable tissue 55 'can be made in a carrier body 53' Be cast in plastic, for example the same shape has as the membrane 53 in the first embodiment. Of the Support body 53 'with the fabric 55' can, for example, by Be clipped into the annular groove 52 on the valve housing 1. The number of cross holes 50 and the areas thinner Cross-section can again be designed variably.

Claims (9)

  1. Electromagnetically actuable fuel injection valve for fuel injection systems of internal combustion engines with a valve housing (1), a magnet coil (3) arranged in a coil space inside the valve away from the fuel flow path, a coil former (2) at least partially surrounding the magnet coil (3), a plastic sheath (43) at least partially surrounding the valve housing (1), and an electrical connection plug (45) likewise constructed from plastic and having at least two contact pins (46), by means of which the magnet coil (3) is excited, characterized in that at least one radially extending transverse hole (50) is introduced into the valve housing (1) in the region of axial extension of the magnet coil (3) and this transverse hole is covered by a pressure compensation element (53, 53') at least partially surrounding the valve housing (1).
  2. Fuel injection valve according to Claim 1, characterized in that the pressure compensation element is designed as a diaphragm (53) or a fabric (55').
  3. Fuel injection valve according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the pressure compensation element (53, 53') surrounds the valve housing (1) in the form of a ring.
  4. Fuel injection valve according to Claim 1, characterized in that two transverse holes (50) extend in the valve housing (1).
  5. Fuel injection valve according to Claim 1, characterized in that the diaphragm (53) has areas (54) of thicker cross-section and areas (55) of thinner cross-section which alternate with one another in the circumferential direction.
  6. Fuel injection valve according to Claim 5, characterized in that, at least in the areas of thinner cross-section, the diaphragm (53) has diaphragm walls (55) which are manufactured from a rubber material and by means of which at least one transverse hole (50) is covered.
  7. Fuel injection valve according to Claim 6, characterized in that fluorocarbon elastomer, fluorosilicone or nitrile butadiene rubber are used as rubber materials for the diaphragm walls (55).
  8. Fuel injection valve according to Claim 2, characterized in that the fabric (55') covering at least one transverse hole (50) consists of semipermeable material.
  9. Fuel injection valve according to one of Claims 2, 3 or 8, characterized in that the fabric (55') is embedded in an annular carrier element (53') made of plastic.
EP95103809A 1994-04-09 1995-03-16 Electromagnetically operated fuel injector Expired - Lifetime EP0676542B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4412277A DE4412277A1 (en) 1994-04-09 1994-04-09 Electromagnetically actuated fuel injector
DE4412277 1994-04-09

Publications (2)

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EP0676542A1 EP0676542A1 (en) 1995-10-11
EP0676542B1 true EP0676542B1 (en) 1998-11-11

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US (1) US5685493A (en)
EP (1) EP0676542B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH07279795A (en)
DE (2) DE4412277A1 (en)
ES (1) ES2123845T3 (en)

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DE102005051288B4 (en) * 2005-10-26 2007-08-02 Siemens Ag Piezoaktuatorvorrichtung for a fuel injection valve
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US5685493A (en) 1997-11-11
JPH07279795A (en) 1995-10-27
EP0676542A1 (en) 1995-10-11
ES2123845T3 (en) 1999-01-16
DE59504182D1 (en) 1998-12-17
DE4412277A1 (en) 1995-10-12

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