EP0676542A1 - Electromagnetically operated fuel injector - Google Patents

Electromagnetically operated fuel injector Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0676542A1
EP0676542A1 EP95103809A EP95103809A EP0676542A1 EP 0676542 A1 EP0676542 A1 EP 0676542A1 EP 95103809 A EP95103809 A EP 95103809A EP 95103809 A EP95103809 A EP 95103809A EP 0676542 A1 EP0676542 A1 EP 0676542A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fuel injection
valve housing
membrane
injection valve
valve according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP95103809A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0676542B1 (en
Inventor
Uwe Dipl.-Ing. Grytz
Ulrich Dipl.-Ing. Vieweg
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Publication of EP0676542A1 publication Critical patent/EP0676542A1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M51/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by being operated electrically
    • F02M51/06—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle
    • F02M51/061—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M55/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by their fuel conduits or their venting means; Arrangements of conduits between fuel tank and pump F02M37/00
    • F02M55/007—Venting means

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electromagnetically actuated fuel injector according to the preamble of the main claim.
  • Numerous fuel injection valves are already known, also from EP-PS 0 348 786, which have an electrical connector, via which the electrical contacting of a solenoid coil and thus its excitation takes place. The contacting itself takes place via metallic contact pins, which run from the magnetic coil to the actual connector and are largely extrusion-coated with plastic.
  • the molded contact pins are not completely sealed. Rather, the finest capillary gaps form between the contact pins and the plastic encapsulation. This effect is particularly intensified when exposed to heat, since the different coefficients of thermal expansion of plastic and metal lead to material shifts.
  • the internal combustion engine and also the heating of the Magnetic coil causes a temperature increase in the area of the magnetic coil and connector, which in turn increases the formation of capillary gaps.
  • the finest capillary gaps ensure that there are direct connections between the air enclosed between the coil carrier and the valve housing and the atmosphere existing outside the fuel injector, so that the fuel injector can "breathe".
  • a pressure equalization between the outside atmosphere and inside air depending on the temperature can inevitably take place.
  • the volume expansion of the solenoid coil and the enclosed air reduce the internal pressure to the outside via the capillary gaps, so that a pressure balance is maintained.
  • the pressure equalization takes place in the opposite direction, so that ambient air gets into the valve interior, a high level of humidity being particularly disadvantageous.
  • the risk of moisture entering the interior of the fuel injector is particularly great when the internal combustion engine is at high risk of splashing water, as may be the case. a. is the case with rear engines of motor vehicles or extreme environmental conditions prevail. The result is corrosion on the contact pins and the coil wire, which can lead to the destruction of the coil wire.
  • the fuel injector according to the invention with the characterizing features of the main claim has the advantage that by creating a targeted Pressure equalization between the outer atmosphere and the coil space is achieved that no moisture penetrates into the interior of the valve, so that corrosion on the contact pins and the coil wire and thus destruction of the same is excluded.
  • a temperature- and fuel-resistant membrane with high elasticity which consists of a fluorocarbon elastomer (FKM), fluorosilicone or nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR, HNBR).
  • FKM fluorocarbon elastomer
  • NBR fluorosilicone
  • HNBR nitrile butadiene rubber
  • semipermeable tissue e.g. use the fabric known under the trademark Goretex®, as this guarantees that no moisture can penetrate inside.
  • FIG. 1 shows a fuel injection valve with a first pressure compensation element according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows a detail of a fuel injection valve with a second pressure compensation element according to the invention
  • FIG. 3 shows a section along line III-III in FIG. 1 through a pressure compensation element according to the invention.
  • the electromagnetically actuated fuel injection valve for fuel injection systems of internal combustion engines has a tubular valve housing 1 made of a ferromagnetic material, in which a magnet coil 3 is arranged on a coil carrier 2.
  • the coil carrier 2 partially surrounds a step-shaped core 4, which is concentric with a valve longitudinal axis 7 and is tubular and via which the fuel is supplied.
  • the valve housing 1 At its end remote from the solenoid 3, the valve housing 1 partially encloses a nozzle body 6 in the axial direction.
  • an annular groove 10 is formed on the circumference of the nozzle body 6, in which a sealing ring 11 is arranged.
  • a stop plate 16 is clamped between an end face 13 of the nozzle body 6 facing the solenoid 3 and an inner shoulder 15 of the valve housing 1 opposite the end face 13 in the axial direction and serves in a stepped longitudinal opening 18 of the valve housing 1 projecting valve needle 21.
  • Two guide sections 22 of the valve needle 21, for example designed as a square, are guided through the guide region of the longitudinal bore 17; but they also leave an axial passage for the fuel.
  • the valve needle 21 penetrates a through opening 23 of the stop plate 16 with radial play and protrudes at its downstream end with a needle pin 25 from an injection opening 26 of the nozzle body 6.
  • a frustoconical seat surface 28 is formed on the nozzle body 6, which cooperates with an end of the valve needle 21 serving as a valve closing part and causes the fuel injector to open or close.
  • valve needle 21 is fixedly connected to a tubular armature 30 in that the armature 30 engages around a holding part 33 of the valve needle 21 with an area 32 facing the seat surface 28.
  • a return spring 37 rests with one end on a shoulder 34 of armature 30 facing magnet coil 3. With its other end, the return spring 37 is supported on a tubular adjusting sleeve 40, which is pressed into a stepped through bore 41 of the core 4.
  • the core 4 and the valve housing 1 are at least partially enclosed in the axial direction by a plastic casing 43.
  • An electrical connector 45 via which the electrical contacting of the magnetic coil 3 and thus its excitation takes place, is formed, for example, together with the plastic casing 43.
  • the connector 45 made of plastic includes, for example, two metallic contact pins 46 which are directly connected to the winding of the magnetic coil 3.
  • the contact pins 46 protrude in the direction facing away from the seat surface 28 from the coil carrier 2 surrounding the magnet coil 3 and are largely extrusion-coated with plastic. Only at their pin end 47 are the contact pins 46 exposed; they are therefore not directly surrounded by plastic, so that a plug connection with a corresponding plug part, not shown, is possible.
  • a pressure equalization between the outside atmosphere and inside air depending on the temperature can inevitably take place.
  • the volume expansion of the magnetic coil 3 and the enclosed air reduce the internal pressure to the outside via the capillary gaps, so that a pressure balance is maintained.
  • the pressure equalization takes place in the opposite direction, so that ambient air gets into the valve interior, with a high humidity of the sucked-in air being particularly disadvantageous.
  • the risk of moisture entering the interior of the fuel injector is particularly great if the internal combustion engine is at high risk of splashing water, as is the case, inter alia, with rear engines of motor vehicles or extreme environmental conditions prevail. Since not only pure water can be sucked into the capillary gaps, but also other particles can be taken along, the corrosion in the coil space can even be accelerated, so that destruction of the coil wire cannot be ruled out.
  • this problem is solved by at least one, for example two, transverse bores 50 made in the axial extension area of the magnet coil 3 in the wall of the valve housing 1.
  • the transverse bores 50 now specifically take on the pressure equalization between the outside atmosphere and the valve interior, which has a negative effect via the capillary gaps.
  • the number of cross bores 50 depends on the specific valve configuration, so that more than two cross bores 50 may also be desired.
  • a pressure compensation element for example a pressure compensation element, is placed on the valve housing 1 in a circumferential annular groove 52, from which the transverse bores 50 extend in the direction of the magnetic coil 3.
  • an annular membrane 53 which is made of a rubber, slipped on. The membrane 53 completely covers the transverse bores 50 in the valve housing 1 in the installed position.
  • an annular groove it is not necessary for an annular groove to be provided on the circumference of the valve housing 1. Rather, it is crucial that the transverse bores 50 are covered in some form by the membrane 53.
  • the membrane 53 has areas of thicker and thinner cross section, which alternate in each case.
  • the areas of thicker cross section represent stiffening sections 54 represents the stability and rigidity of the membrane 53 is significantly increased.
  • These stiffening sections 54 can, for example, alternate between one and six times with the areas of thinner cross section, which are designed as highly flexible membrane walls 55.
  • the membrane 53 In the axial direction above and below the thin membrane walls 55, the membrane 53 is provided in the form of a membrane-bounding membrane edges 57 which, for example, have the same thickness as the stiffening sections 54 and, because of their high radial tension, ensure an optimal fit of the membrane 53 in the annular groove 52.
  • a membrane wall 55 must cover at least one transverse bore 50, which can easily be achieved by the ratio of the number of transverse bores 50 to the number of membrane walls 55.
  • the membrane 53 Various demands are placed on the quality of the membrane 53. So it must have the ability to compensate for even slight pressure fluctuations through its mobility.
  • the thin, highly flexible membrane walls 55 move radially outward and minimally lift off the valve housing 1, while when the interior of the valve cools down and a possible negative pressure occurs, the membrane walls 55 are drawn back to the valve housing 1 or are drawn into the transverse bores 50 to a small extent.
  • the membrane edges 57 each seal due to their constant tight contact with the valve housing 1.
  • the material of the membrane 53 must also be fuel and temperature resistant.
  • nitrile butadiene rubber NBR, HNBR
  • fluorocarbon elastomer FKM
  • fluorosilicone are suitable for the membrane 53.
  • the membrane 53 thus enables pressure equalization without there is a risk of moisture penetrating into the valve interior and prevents negative capillary flows.
  • FIG. 2 shows a second exemplary embodiment of a pressure compensation element covering transverse bores 50 according to the invention.
  • the thin membrane walls 55 by a fabric 55 'of semi-permeable material, for. B. replaced the fabric known under the trademark Goretex®.
  • the tissue 55 ' is introduced in such a way that it acts as a vapor barrier from the outside inwards, but it can also transport z. B. of water vapor from the inside out. A gas exchange can thus be realized, with no moisture getting inside the valve.
  • the semipermeable fabric 55 ' can be cast in a carrier body 53' made of plastic, which for example has the same shape as the membrane 53 in the first embodiment.
  • the carrier body 53 'with the fabric 55' can be fastened to the valve housing 1, for example, by clipping into the annular groove 52.
  • the number of cross bores 50 and the areas of thinner cross-section can again be made variable.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

The fuel injection valve, with an electro-magnetic operation, has at least one radial lateral drilling (50) in the valve housing (1) on the axial extension zone of the magnet coil. It is covered at least partially by a surrounding pressure equalising component (53) at the valve housing (1). Pref. the pressure equalising component is a membrane (53) or a woven material, in a ring round the valve housing (1). Two lateral drillings (50) are fitted to the valve housing (1). The membrane (53) has thicker (54) and thinner (55) zones, alternating round the periphery of the housing. The thinner zones (55) are of a rubber material to cover at least one lateral drilling (50), using fluorocarbon elastomer, fluorosilicone or nitrobutadiene rubber. The woven material used as the equalising component is semi-permeable within a cast plastics ring carrier body. <IMAGE>

Description

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Die Erfindung geht aus von einem elektromagnetisch betätigbaren Brennstoffeinspritzventil nach der Gattung des Hauptanspruchs. Bekannt sind bereits zahlreiche Brennstoffeinspritzventile, so auch aus der EP-PS 0 348 786, die einen elektrischen Anschlußstecker aufweisen, über den die elektrische Kontaktierung einer Magnetspule und damit deren Erregung erfolgt. Die Kontaktierung an sich erfolgt über metallische Kontaktstifte, die von der Magnetspule bis hin zum eigentlichen Anschlußstecker verlaufen und weitgehend von Kunststoff umspritzt sind.The invention relates to an electromagnetically actuated fuel injector according to the preamble of the main claim. Numerous fuel injection valves are already known, also from EP-PS 0 348 786, which have an electrical connector, via which the electrical contacting of a solenoid coil and thus its excitation takes place. The contacting itself takes place via metallic contact pins, which run from the magnetic coil to the actual connector and are largely extrusion-coated with plastic.

Die umspritzten Kontaktstifte sind in der Praxis jedoch nicht vollständig dicht umschlossen. Vielmehr bilden sich feinste Kapillarspalte zwischen den Kontaktstiften und der Kunststoffumspritzung. Besonders bei Wärmeeinwirkung wird dieser Effekt noch verstärkt, da die unterschiedlichen Wärmeausdehnungskoeffizienten von Kunststoff und Metall zu Materialverschiebungen führen. Beim Betrieb der Brennkraftmaschine bzw. des Brennstoffeinspritzventils wird gerade durch die Brennkraftmaschine und auch die Aufheizung der Magnetspule eine Temperaturerhöhung im Bereich von Magnetspule und Anschlußstecker verursacht, die wiederum die Bildung von Kapillarspalten erhöht. Die feinsten Kapillarspalten sorgen dafür, daß direkte Verbindungen zwischen der zwischen Spulenträger und Ventilgehäuse eingeschlossenen Luft und der außerhalb des Brennstoffeinspritzventils existierenden Atmosphäre bestehen, so daß das Brennstoffeinspritzventil "atmen" kann.In practice, however, the molded contact pins are not completely sealed. Rather, the finest capillary gaps form between the contact pins and the plastic encapsulation. This effect is particularly intensified when exposed to heat, since the different coefficients of thermal expansion of plastic and metal lead to material shifts. When the internal combustion engine or the fuel injector is in operation, the internal combustion engine and also the heating of the Magnetic coil causes a temperature increase in the area of the magnetic coil and connector, which in turn increases the formation of capillary gaps. The finest capillary gaps ensure that there are direct connections between the air enclosed between the coil carrier and the valve housing and the atmosphere existing outside the fuel injector, so that the fuel injector can "breathe".

Zwangsläufig kann ein Druckausgleich zwischen äußerer Atmosphäre und innerer Luft in Abhängigkeit von der Temperatur erfolgen. Bei Temperaturerhöhung im Betrieb des Brennstoffeinspritzventils wird durch die Volumenausdehnung der Magnetspule und der eingeschlossenen Luft der Innendruck über die Kapillarspalte nach außen abgebaut, so daß ein Druckgleichgewicht aufrechterhalten bleibt. Bei Abkühlung erfolgt der Druckausgleich in umgekehrter Richtung, so daß Umgebungsluft in den Ventilinnenraum gelangt, wobei besonders eine hohe Feuchtigkeit sehr nachteilig ist. Die Gefahr des Eintritts von Feuchtigkeit in das Innere des Brennstoffeinspritzventils ist besonders dann sehr groß, wenn die Brennkraftmaschine stark spritzwassergefährdet ist, wie es u. a. bei Heckmotoren von Kraftfahrzeugen der Fall ist oder extreme Umweltbedingungen herrschen. Die Folge ist eine Korrosion an den Kontaktstiften und dem Spulendraht, die bis zu einer Zerstörung des Spulendrahtes führen kann.A pressure equalization between the outside atmosphere and inside air depending on the temperature can inevitably take place. When the temperature increases during operation of the fuel injector, the volume expansion of the solenoid coil and the enclosed air reduce the internal pressure to the outside via the capillary gaps, so that a pressure balance is maintained. When cooling, the pressure equalization takes place in the opposite direction, so that ambient air gets into the valve interior, a high level of humidity being particularly disadvantageous. The risk of moisture entering the interior of the fuel injector is particularly great when the internal combustion engine is at high risk of splashing water, as may be the case. a. is the case with rear engines of motor vehicles or extreme environmental conditions prevail. The result is corrosion on the contact pins and the coil wire, which can lead to the destruction of the coil wire.

Vorteile der ErfindungAdvantages of the invention

Das erfindungsgemäße Brennstoffeinspritzventil mit den kennzeichnenden Merkmalen des Hauptanspruchs hat demgegenüber den Vorteil, daß durch das Schaffen eines gezielten Druckausgleichs zwischen äußerer Atmosphäre und Spulenraum erreicht wird, daß keine Feuchtigkeit in das Innere des Ventils eindringt, so daß eine Korrosion an den Kontaktstiften und dem Spulendraht und damit eine Zerstörung desselben ausgeschlossen ist.The fuel injector according to the invention with the characterizing features of the main claim has the advantage that by creating a targeted Pressure equalization between the outer atmosphere and the coil space is achieved that no moisture penetrates into the interior of the valve, so that corrosion on the contact pins and the coil wire and thus destruction of the same is excluded.

Durch die in den Unteransprüchen aufgeführten Maßnahmen sind vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen und Verbesserungen des im Hauptanspruch angegebenen Brennstoffeinspritzventils möglich.The measures listed in the subclaims allow advantageous developments and improvements of the fuel injector specified in the main claim.

Besonders vorteilhaft ist es, eine temperatur- und brennstoffbeständige Membran mit hohem Dehnvermögen einzusetzen, die aus einem Fluorkohlenstoffelastomer (FKM), Fluorsilikon oder aus Nitrilbutadien-Kautschuk (NBR, HNBR) besteht. Von Vorteil ist zudem, anstelle der Membran semipermeables Gewebe, wie z.B. das unter dem Warenzeichen Goretex® bekannte Gewebe zu verwenden, da damit garantiert ist, daß keine Feuchtigkeit nach innen eindringen kann.It is particularly advantageous to use a temperature- and fuel-resistant membrane with high elasticity, which consists of a fluorocarbon elastomer (FKM), fluorosilicone or nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR, HNBR). It is also advantageous to use semipermeable tissue, e.g. use the fabric known under the trademark Goretex®, as this guarantees that no moisture can penetrate inside.

Zeichnungdrawing

Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung sind in der Zeichnung vereinfacht dargestellt und in der nachfolgenden Beschreibung näher erläutert. Es zeigen Figur 1 ein Brennstoffeinspritzventil mit einem erfindungsgemäßen ersten Druckausgleichselement, Figur 2 einen Ausschnitt eines Brennstoffeinspritzventiles mit einem erfindungsgemäßen zweiten Druckausgleichselement und Figur 3 einen Schnitt entlang der Linie III-III in Figur 1 durch ein erfindungsgemäßes Druckausgleichselement.Embodiments of the invention are shown in simplified form in the drawing and explained in more detail in the following description. FIG. 1 shows a fuel injection valve with a first pressure compensation element according to the invention, FIG. 2 shows a detail of a fuel injection valve with a second pressure compensation element according to the invention and FIG. 3 shows a section along line III-III in FIG. 1 through a pressure compensation element according to the invention.

Beschreibung der AusführungsbeispieleDescription of the embodiments

Das in der Figur 1 beispielsweise dargestellte elektromagnetisch betätigbare Brennstoffeinspritzventil für Brennstoffeinspritzanlagen von Brennkraftmaschinen hat ein rohrförmiges Ventilgehäuse 1 aus einem ferromagnetischen Material, in dem auf einem Spulenträger 2 eine Magnetspule 3 angeordnet ist. Der Spulenträger 2 umgibt teilweise einen stufenförmig ausgestalteten, konzentrisch zu einer Ventillängsachse 7 verlaufenden Kern 4, der rohrförmig ausgebildet ist und über den die Brennstoffzufuhr erfolgt. An seinem der Magnetspule 3 abgewandten Ende umschließt das Ventilgehäuse 1 in axialer Richtung teilweise einen Düsenkörper 6. Zur flüssigkeitsdichten Abdichtung zwischen dem Ventilgehäuse 1 und dem Düsenkörper 6 ist am Umfang des Düsenkörpers 6 eine Ringnut 10 ausgebildet, in der ein Dichtring 11 angeordnet ist.The electromagnetically actuated fuel injection valve for fuel injection systems of internal combustion engines, for example shown in FIG. 1, has a tubular valve housing 1 made of a ferromagnetic material, in which a magnet coil 3 is arranged on a coil carrier 2. The coil carrier 2 partially surrounds a step-shaped core 4, which is concentric with a valve longitudinal axis 7 and is tubular and via which the fuel is supplied. At its end remote from the solenoid 3, the valve housing 1 partially encloses a nozzle body 6 in the axial direction. For the liquid-tight seal between the valve housing 1 and the nozzle body 6, an annular groove 10 is formed on the circumference of the nozzle body 6, in which a sealing ring 11 is arranged.

Zwischen einer der Magnetspule 3 zugewandten Stirnfläche 13 des Düsenkörpers 6 und einer der Stirnfläche 13 in axialer Richtung gegenüberliegenden Innenschulter 15 des Ventilgehäuses 1 ist eine Anschlagplatte 16 eingeklemmt, die zur Begrenzung der Bewegung einer in einer abgestuften, einen Führungsbereich aufweisenden Längsbohrung 17 des Düsenkörpers 6 angeordneten und in eine abgestufte Längsöffnung 18 des Ventilgehäuses 1 ragenden Ventilnadel 21 dient. Zwei beispielsweise als Vierkante ausgebildete Führungsabschnitte 22 der Ventilnadel 21 werden durch den Führungsbereich der Längsbohrung 17 geführt; sie lassen aber auch einen axialen Durchgang für den Brennstoff frei. Die Ventilnadel 21 durchdringt mit Radialspiel eine Durchgangsöffnung 23 der Anschlagplatte 16 und ragt an ihrem stromabwärtigen Ende mit einem Nadelzapfen 25 aus einer Einspritzöffnung 26 des Düsenkörpers 6 heraus. Am stromabwärtigen, der Anschlagplatte 16 abgewandten Ende ist am Düsenkörper 6 eine beispielsweise kegelstumpfförmige Sitzfläche 28 gebildet, die mit einem als Ventilschließteil dienenden Ende der Ventilnadel 21 zusammenwirkt und das Öffnen bzw. Schließen des Brennstoffeinspritzventils bewirkt.A stop plate 16 is clamped between an end face 13 of the nozzle body 6 facing the solenoid 3 and an inner shoulder 15 of the valve housing 1 opposite the end face 13 in the axial direction and serves in a stepped longitudinal opening 18 of the valve housing 1 projecting valve needle 21. Two guide sections 22 of the valve needle 21, for example designed as a square, are guided through the guide region of the longitudinal bore 17; but they also leave an axial passage for the fuel. The valve needle 21 penetrates a through opening 23 of the stop plate 16 with radial play and protrudes at its downstream end with a needle pin 25 from an injection opening 26 of the nozzle body 6. At the Downstream end facing away from the stop plate 16, a frustoconical seat surface 28 is formed on the nozzle body 6, which cooperates with an end of the valve needle 21 serving as a valve closing part and causes the fuel injector to open or close.

An ihrem anderen Ende ist die Ventilnadel 21 mit einem rohrförmigen Anker 30 fest verbunden, indem der Anker 30 mit einem der Sitzfläche 28 zugewandten Bereich 32 ein Halteteil 33 der Ventilnadel 21 umgreift. An einem der Magnetspule 3 zugewandten Absatz 34 des Ankers 30 liegt eine Rückstellfeder 37 mit ihrem einen Ende an. Mit ihrem anderen Ende stützt sich die Rückstellfeder 37 an einer rohrförmigen Einstellhülse 40 ab, die in eine abgestufte Durchgangsbohrung 41 des Kerns 4 eingepreßt ist.At its other end, the valve needle 21 is fixedly connected to a tubular armature 30 in that the armature 30 engages around a holding part 33 of the valve needle 21 with an area 32 facing the seat surface 28. A return spring 37 rests with one end on a shoulder 34 of armature 30 facing magnet coil 3. With its other end, the return spring 37 is supported on a tubular adjusting sleeve 40, which is pressed into a stepped through bore 41 of the core 4.

Zumindest teilweise sind in axialer Richtung der Kern 4 und das Ventilgehäuse 1 durch eine Kunststoffummantelung 43 umschlossen. Ein elektrischer Anschlußstecker 45, über den die elektrische Kontaktierung der Magnetspule 3 und damit deren Erregung erfolgt, ist beispielsweise zusammen mit der Kunststoffummantelung 43 ausgeformt. Zu dem aus Kunststoff gefertigten Anschlußstecker 45 gehören beispielsweise zwei metallische Kontaktstifte 46, die unmittelbar mit der Wicklung der Magnetspule 3 in Verbindung stehen. Die Kontaktstifte 46 ragen in von der Sitzfläche 28 abgewandter Richtung aus dem die Magnetspule 3 umgebenden Spulenträger 2 heraus und sind weitgehend von Kunststoff umspritzt. Erst an ihrem Stiftende 47 liegen die Kontaktstifte 46 frei; sie sind dort also nicht unmittelbar von Kunststoff umschlossen, so daß eine Steckverbindung mit einem nicht gezeigten korrespondierenden Steckerteil möglich ist.The core 4 and the valve housing 1 are at least partially enclosed in the axial direction by a plastic casing 43. An electrical connector 45, via which the electrical contacting of the magnetic coil 3 and thus its excitation takes place, is formed, for example, together with the plastic casing 43. The connector 45 made of plastic includes, for example, two metallic contact pins 46 which are directly connected to the winding of the magnetic coil 3. The contact pins 46 protrude in the direction facing away from the seat surface 28 from the coil carrier 2 surrounding the magnet coil 3 and are largely extrusion-coated with plastic. Only at their pin end 47 are the contact pins 46 exposed; they are therefore not directly surrounded by plastic, so that a plug connection with a corresponding plug part, not shown, is possible.

Verbindungen zwischen Kunststoff- und Metallteilen sind nicht vollständig dicht. So ist es auch an Brennstoffeinspritzventilen nicht möglich, eine vollständige Dichtheit im Bereich der mit Kunststoff umspritzten Kontaktstifte 46 zu gewährleisten. Vielmehr bilden sich feinste Kapillarspalte zwischen den Kontaktstiften 46 und der Kunststoffummantelung 43. Besonders bei Wärmeeinwirkung wird dieser Effekt noch verstärkt, da die unterschiedlichen Wärmeausdehnungskoeffizienten von Kunststoff und Metall zu Materialverschiebungen führen. Beim Betrieb der Brennkraftmaschine bzw. des Brennstoffeinspritzventils wird gerade durch die Brennkraftmaschine und auch die Aufheizung der Magnetspule 3 eine Temperaturerhöhung im Bereich von Magnetspule 3 und Anschlußstecker 45 verursacht, die wiederum die Bildung von Kapillarspalten erhöht. Die feinsten Kapillarspalten sorgen dafür, daß direkte Verbindungen zwischen der zwischen Spulenträger 2 und Ventilgehäuse 1 eingeschlossenen Luft und der außerhalb des Brennstoffeinspritzventils existierenden Atmosphäre bestehen, so daß das Brennstoffeinspritzventil "atmen" kann.Connections between plastic and metal parts are not completely tight. It is therefore not possible to ensure complete tightness in the area of the contact pins 46 encapsulated with plastic, even on fuel injection valves. Rather, the finest capillary gaps form between the contact pins 46 and the plastic sheath 43. This effect is intensified particularly when exposed to heat, since the different coefficients of thermal expansion of plastic and metal lead to material shifts. When the internal combustion engine or the fuel injection valve is in operation, the internal combustion engine and also the heating of the magnetic coil 3 cause an increase in temperature in the area of the magnetic coil 3 and connector 45, which in turn increases the formation of capillary gaps. The finest capillary gaps ensure that there are direct connections between the air enclosed between the coil carrier 2 and the valve housing 1 and the atmosphere existing outside the fuel injector, so that the fuel injector can "breathe".

Zwangsläufig kann ein Druckausgleich zwischen äußerer Atmosphäre und innerer Luft in Abhängigkeit von der Temperatur erfolgen. Bei Temperaturerhöhung im Betrieb des Brennstoffeinspritzventils wird durch die Volumenausdehnung der Magnetspule 3 und der eingeschlossenen Luft der Innendruck über die Kapillarspalte nach außen abgebaut, so daß ein Druckgleichgewicht aufrechterhalten bleibt. Bei Abkühlung erfolgt der Druckausgleich in umgekehrter Richtung, so daß Umgebungsluft in den Ventilinnenraum gelangt, wobei besonders eine hohe Feuchtigkeit der eingesaugten Luft sehr nachteilig ist. Die Gefahr des Eintritts von Feuchtigkeit in das Innere des Brennstoffeinspritzventils ist besonders dann sehr groß, wenn die Brennkraftmaschine stark spritzwassergefährdet ist, wie es u. a. bei Heckmotoren von Kraftfahrzeugen der Fall ist, oder extreme Umweltbedingungen herrschen. Da nicht nur reines Wasser in den Kapillarspalten eingesaugt werden kann, sondern auch andere Partikel mitgenommen werden, kann die Korrosion im Spulenraum sogar noch beschleunigt werden, so daß eine Zerstörung des Spulendrahtes nicht ausgeschlossen ist.A pressure equalization between the outside atmosphere and inside air depending on the temperature can inevitably take place. When the temperature increases during operation of the fuel injector, the volume expansion of the magnetic coil 3 and the enclosed air reduce the internal pressure to the outside via the capillary gaps, so that a pressure balance is maintained. When cooling, the pressure equalization takes place in the opposite direction, so that ambient air gets into the valve interior, with a high humidity of the sucked-in air being particularly disadvantageous. The risk of moisture entering the interior of the fuel injector is particularly great if the internal combustion engine is at high risk of splashing water, as is the case, inter alia, with rear engines of motor vehicles or extreme environmental conditions prevail. Since not only pure water can be sucked into the capillary gaps, but also other particles can be taken along, the corrosion in the coil space can even be accelerated, so that destruction of the coil wire cannot be ruled out.

Erfindungsgemäß wird dieses Problem durch wenigstens eine, beispielsweise zwei im axialen Erstreckungsbereich der Magnetspule 3 in der Wandung des Ventilgehäuses 1 eingebrachte Querbohrungen 50 gelöst. Die Querbohrungen 50 übernehmen nun ganz gezielt den Druckausgleich zwischen äußerer Atmosphäre und dem Ventilinnenraum, der über die Kapillarspalte eine negative Wirkung hat. Die Anzahl der Querbohrungen 50 ist von der speziellen Ventilkonfiguration abhängig, so daß auch mehr als zwei Querbohrungen 50 erwünscht sein können.According to the invention, this problem is solved by at least one, for example two, transverse bores 50 made in the axial extension area of the magnet coil 3 in the wall of the valve housing 1. The transverse bores 50 now specifically take on the pressure equalization between the outside atmosphere and the valve interior, which has a negative effect via the capillary gaps. The number of cross bores 50 depends on the specific valve configuration, so that more than two cross bores 50 may also be desired.

Auf das Ventilgehäuse 1 wird in eine umlaufende Ringnut 52, von der aus sich die Querbohrungen 50 in Richtung Magnetspule 3 erstrecken, ein Druckausgleichselement, z.B. eine ringförmige Membran 53, die aus einem Gummi hergestellt ist, aufgeschoben. Die Membran 53 bedeckt in Einbaulage die Querbohrungen 50 im Ventilgehäuse 1 vollständig. Für die Funktion der Membran 53 ist es nicht erforderlich, daß eine Ringnut am Umfang des Ventilgehäuses 1 vorgesehen ist. Vielmehr ist es entscheidend, daß die Querbohrungen 50 in irgendeiner Form von der Membran 53 überdeckt werden.A pressure compensation element, for example a pressure compensation element, is placed on the valve housing 1 in a circumferential annular groove 52, from which the transverse bores 50 extend in the direction of the magnetic coil 3. an annular membrane 53, which is made of a rubber, slipped on. The membrane 53 completely covers the transverse bores 50 in the valve housing 1 in the installed position. For the function of the membrane 53, it is not necessary for an annular groove to be provided on the circumference of the valve housing 1. Rather, it is crucial that the transverse bores 50 are covered in some form by the membrane 53.

Wie in Figur 3 gezeigt, besitzt die Membran 53 Bereiche dickeren und dünneren Querschnitts, die sich jeweils abwechseln. Die Bereiche dickeren Querschnitts stellen Versteifungsabschnitte 54 dar, durch die die Stabilität und Steifigkeit der Membran 53 deutlich erhöht wird. Diese Versteifungsabschnitte 54 können sich beispielsweise zwischen ein- und sechsmal mit den Bereichen dünneren Querschnitts, die als hochflexible Membranwände 55 ausgebildet sind, abwechseln. In axialer Richtung oberhalb und unterhalb der dünnen Membranwände 55 sind die Membran 53 in Ringform begrenzende Membranränder 57 vorgesehen, die beispielsweise die gleiche Dicke besitzen wie die Versteifungsabschnitte 54 und aufgrund ihrer hohen Radialspannung für ein optimales Einpassen der Membran 53 in der Ringnut 52 sorgen. Eine Membranwand 55 muß wenigstens eine Querbohrung 50 überdecken, was durch das Verhältnis der Anzahl der Querbohrungen 50 zu der Anzahl der Membranwände 55 leicht realisierbar ist.As shown in FIG. 3, the membrane 53 has areas of thicker and thinner cross section, which alternate in each case. The areas of thicker cross section represent stiffening sections 54 represents the stability and rigidity of the membrane 53 is significantly increased. These stiffening sections 54 can, for example, alternate between one and six times with the areas of thinner cross section, which are designed as highly flexible membrane walls 55. In the axial direction above and below the thin membrane walls 55, the membrane 53 is provided in the form of a membrane-bounding membrane edges 57 which, for example, have the same thickness as the stiffening sections 54 and, because of their high radial tension, ensure an optimal fit of the membrane 53 in the annular groove 52. A membrane wall 55 must cover at least one transverse bore 50, which can easily be achieved by the ratio of the number of transverse bores 50 to the number of membrane walls 55.

An die Qualität der Membran 53 sind verschiedene Ansprüche gestellt. So muß sie die Fähigkeit besitzen, durch ihre Beweglichkeit bereits geringe Druckschwankungen auszugleichen. Bei einer Temperaturerhöhung und einem erhöhten Innendruck im Ventilinnenraum bewegen sich die dünnen, hochflexiblen Membranwände 55 radial nach außen und heben minimal vom Ventilgehäuse 1 ab, während bei einer Abkühlung und einem eventuell auftretenden Unterdruck im Ventilinnenraum die Membranwände 55 wieder an das Ventilgehäuse 1 herangezogen bzw. in die Querbohrungen 50 in geringem Maße hineingezogen werden. Dabei dichten jeweils die Membranränder 57 durch ihr ständiges dichtes Anliegen am Ventilgehäuse 1 ab. Neben dem dafür notwendigen Dehnvermögen muß der Werkstoff der Membran 53 auch brennstoff- und temperaturbeständig sein. Deshalb eignen sich für die Membran 53 Gummiwerkstoffe, wie Nitrilbutadien-Kautschuk (NBR, HNBR), Fluorkohlenstoffelastomer (FKM) oder Fluorsilikon. Die Membran 53 ermöglicht also einen Druckausgleich, ohne daß die Gefahr des Eindringens von Feuchtigkeit in den Ventilinnenraum besteht und unterbindet negative Kapillarströmungen.Various demands are placed on the quality of the membrane 53. So it must have the ability to compensate for even slight pressure fluctuations through its mobility. When the temperature rises and the internal pressure in the valve interior rises, the thin, highly flexible membrane walls 55 move radially outward and minimally lift off the valve housing 1, while when the interior of the valve cools down and a possible negative pressure occurs, the membrane walls 55 are drawn back to the valve housing 1 or are drawn into the transverse bores 50 to a small extent. The membrane edges 57 each seal due to their constant tight contact with the valve housing 1. In addition to the necessary elasticity, the material of the membrane 53 must also be fuel and temperature resistant. For this reason, rubber materials such as nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR, HNBR), fluorocarbon elastomer (FKM) or fluorosilicone are suitable for the membrane 53. The membrane 53 thus enables pressure equalization without there is a risk of moisture penetrating into the valve interior and prevents negative capillary flows.

In der Figur 2 ist ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel eines erfindungsgemäß Querbohrungen 50 abdeckenden Druckausgleichselementes dargestellt. Hierbei sind die dünnen Membranwände 55 durch ein Gewebe 55' aus semipermeablem Material, z. B. das unter dem Warenzeichen Goretex® bekannte Gewebe, ersetzt. Das Gewebe 55' wird so eingebracht, daß es als Dampfsperre von außen nach innen wirkt, es kann also aber beim "Atmen" den Transport z. B. von Wasserdampf von innen nach außen übernehmen. Ein Gasaustausch kann somit realisiert werden, wobei keine Feuchtigkeit ins Innere des Ventils gelangt. Das semipermeable Gewebe 55' kann in einem Trägerkörper 53' aus Kunststoff eingegossen sein, der beispielsweise dieselbe Form aufweist wie die Membran 53 im ersten Ausführungsbeispiel. Der Trägerkörper 53' mit dem Gewebe 55' kann beispielsweise durch Einclipsen in die Ringnut 52 am Ventilgehäuse 1 befestigt sein. Die Anzahl der Querbohrungen 50 und der Bereiche dünneren Querschnitts kann wieder variabel gestaltet sein.FIG. 2 shows a second exemplary embodiment of a pressure compensation element covering transverse bores 50 according to the invention. Here, the thin membrane walls 55 by a fabric 55 'of semi-permeable material, for. B. replaced the fabric known under the trademark Goretex®. The tissue 55 'is introduced in such a way that it acts as a vapor barrier from the outside inwards, but it can also transport z. B. of water vapor from the inside out. A gas exchange can thus be realized, with no moisture getting inside the valve. The semipermeable fabric 55 'can be cast in a carrier body 53' made of plastic, which for example has the same shape as the membrane 53 in the first embodiment. The carrier body 53 'with the fabric 55' can be fastened to the valve housing 1, for example, by clipping into the annular groove 52. The number of cross bores 50 and the areas of thinner cross-section can again be made variable.

Claims (9)

Elektromagnetisch betätigbares Brennstoffeinspritzventil für Brennstoffeinspritzanlagen von Brennkraftmaschinen mit einem Ventilgehäuse, einer Magnetspule, einem zumindest teilweise die Magnetspule umgebenden Spulenträger, einer das Ventilgehäuse zumindest teilweise umgebenden Kunststoffummantelung und einem ebenfalls aus Kunststoff ausgebildeten elektrischen Anschlußstecker mit wenigstens zwei Kontaktstiften, über die die Erregung der Magnetspule erfolgt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß im axialen Erstreckungsbereich der Magnetspule (3) wenigstens eine radial verlaufende Querbohrung (50) im Ventilgehäuse (1) eingebracht ist, die durch ein das Ventilgehäuse (1) wenigstens teilweise umgebendes Druckausgleichselement (53, 53') überdeckt ist.Electromagnetically actuated fuel injection valve for fuel injection systems of internal combustion engines with a valve housing, a solenoid coil, a coil carrier at least partially surrounding the solenoid coil, a plastic casing at least partially surrounding the valve housing and an electrical connector plug also made of plastic with at least two contact pins via which the solenoid coil is excited, characterized in that in the axial extent of the magnetic coil (3) at least one radial transverse bore (50) is made in the valve housing (1), which is covered by a pressure compensation element (53, 53 ') at least partially surrounding the valve housing (1). Brennstoffeinspritzventil nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Druckausgleichselement als Membran (53) oder Gewebe (55') ausgebildet ist.Fuel injection valve according to Claim 1, characterized in that the pressure compensation element is designed as a membrane (53) or fabric (55 '). Brennstoffeinspritzventil nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Druckausgleichselement (53, 53') ringförmig das Ventilgehäuse (1) umgibt.Fuel injection valve according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the pressure compensation element (53, 53 ') surrounds the valve housing (1) in a ring. Brennstoffeinspritzventil nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zwei Querbohrungen (50) im Ventilgehäuse (1) verlaufen.Fuel injection valve according to Claim 1, characterized in that two transverse bores (50) run in the valve housing (1). Brennstoffeinspritzventil nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Membran (53) Bereiche dickeren (54) und dünneren (55) Querschnitts aufweist, die sich jeweils in Umfangsrichtung einander abwechseln.Fuel injection valve according to Claim 1, characterized in that the membrane (53) has regions of thicker (54) and thinner (55) cross sections which alternate in the circumferential direction. Brennstoffeinspritzventil nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Membran (53) wenigstens in den Bereichen dünneren Querschnitts Membranwände (55) hat, die aus einem Gummiwerkstoff gefertigt sind und mit denen wenigstens eine Querbohrung (50) überdeckt wird.Fuel injection valve according to Claim 5, characterized in that the membrane (53) has membrane walls (55), which are made of a rubber material and with which at least one transverse bore (50) is covered, at least in the regions with a thinner cross section. Brennstoffeinspritzventil nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Gummiwerkstoffe für die Membranwände (55) Fluorkohlenstoffelastomer, Fluorsilikon oder Nitrilbutadien-Kautschuk verwendet ist.Fuel injection valve according to Claim 6, characterized in that fluorocarbon elastomer, fluorosilicone or nitrile butadiene rubber is used as the rubber material for the membrane walls (55). Brennstoffeinspritzventil nach Anspruch 2 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das die wenigstens eine Querbohrung (50) überdeckende Gewebe (55') aus semipermeablem Material besteht.Fuel injection valve according to Claim 2, characterized in that the fabric (55 ') covering the at least one transverse bore (50) consists of semi-permeable material. Brennstoffeinspritzventil nach einem der Ansprüche 2, 3 oder 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Gewebe (55') in einem ringförmigen Trägerkörper (53') aus Kunststoff eingegossen ist.Fuel injection valve according to one of claims 2, 3 or 8, characterized in that the fabric (55 ') is cast in an annular carrier body (53') made of plastic.
EP95103809A 1994-04-09 1995-03-16 Electromagnetically operated fuel injector Expired - Lifetime EP0676542B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE4412277A DE4412277A1 (en) 1994-04-09 1994-04-09 Electromagnetically actuated fuel injector
DE4412277 1994-04-09

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US5685493A (en) 1997-11-11
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ES2123845T3 (en) 1999-01-16
EP0676542B1 (en) 1998-11-11
JPH07279795A (en) 1995-10-27

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