EP0675670A2 - Radiant panel with improved printed circuit - Google Patents
Radiant panel with improved printed circuit Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0675670A2 EP0675670A2 EP95500036A EP95500036A EP0675670A2 EP 0675670 A2 EP0675670 A2 EP 0675670A2 EP 95500036 A EP95500036 A EP 95500036A EP 95500036 A EP95500036 A EP 95500036A EP 0675670 A2 EP0675670 A2 EP 0675670A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- rear face
- tracks
- face
- printed circuit
- panel
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
- H05B3/22—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
- H05B3/26—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor mounted on insulating base
- H05B3/262—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor mounted on insulating base the insulating base being an insulated metal plate
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/032—Heaters specially adapted for heating by radiation heating
Definitions
- the base plate is subjected to an enameling on its two faces, followed then by an impression of the tracks on one of the two faces of the base plate, so that these tracks, once the 'all operations completed, play the role of resistive element capable, with the passage of electric current, to generate heat.
- there is an enamel coating for the tracks so that this layer serves as a protective element for the tracks previously printed, thereby protecting the entire panel against undesirable phenomena, of chemical or physical origin, caused by humidity or involuntary scratches when the user uses it, all on the protected track panels.
- Radiant panels with printed circuit and uncovered or unprotected tracks due to the fact that the tracks cover about 50% of their surface and by their very nature, only transmit 30% of the heat given off by the tracks on the face of the circuit and 70% on the face without circuit.
- Another type of panel has the printed circuit, protected by a layer of enamel against external agents, both physical and chemical, and for these, because the nature of the material is the same for both sides, the heat released is transmitted equally on both sides, i.e. 50% and 50%.
- the present invention aims to increase the heat efficiency of protected track panels, by means of metallic aluminum projection, given its characteristics of low radiation, on the rear part of the plate and above the last layer.
- enameling; aluminum is in fact a slightly radiating element, it changes the balance of heat transmitted by the two sides of the panel; it is thus obtained, from the anterior face thereof, that 80% of the heat is emitted, while from the internal posterior part, where the tracks are located, only 20% thereof here it is.
- a radiating panel (10) consists of a base plate (11) of steel, iron or a similar material, covered on its anterior (17) and posterior (18) face with a layer of enamel (12).
- these tracks are covered with conductive material by means of a layer of enamel layer (14), so that the tracks ( 13) located above the rear face (18) are completely protected against undesirable actions which could endanger the integrity of the tracks (13), which would cause the circuit to be interrupted.
- the position of the panel (10) in the cabinet of the heating appliance means that the radiating tracks (13) are located at the bottom of the appliance, so that the heat given off and transmitted by the posterior face, in this case (18), which remains at the lower part of the apparatus, is the same as that transmitted by the anterior part, with the existence of an equilibrium of almost 50% between the heat transmitted by the posterior face (18) and that transmitted by the anterior face (17); reason why, in the subject of this utility model request, in order to improve this balance, we add using suitable means and on the rear face (18) a metallic projection of aluminum (15), which in turn can be replaced if necessary by an aluminum sheet bonded to the rear face (18) using suitable means and covering the enamel layer (14) which protects the tracks (13) and the space between tracks (19).
Landscapes
- Insulated Metal Substrates For Printed Circuits (AREA)
- Panels For Use In Building Construction (AREA)
- Surface Heating Bodies (AREA)
Abstract
Description
La présente demande de Modèle d'Utilité consiste, comme son énoncé l'indique, en un "PANNEAU RAYONNANT À CIRCUIT IMPRIMÉ PERFECTIONNÉ", dont les nouvelles caractéristiques de construction, de forme et de design remplissent, avec un maximum de sécurité et d'efficacité, la mission pour laquelle il a été conçu.This application for a Utility Model consists, as its statement indicates, in a "RADIANT PANEL WITH IMPROVED PRINTED CIRCUIT", the new construction, form and design characteristics of which fulfill, with maximum safety and efficiency, the mission for which it was designed.
Il existe sur le marché - on peut donc les considérer comme État de la Technique - deux variétés de panneaux rayonnants destinés au chauffage, de type domestique et industriel, lesquels se composent d'une plaque-base, en fer ou en acier, d'une forme sensiblement rectangulaire et d'une épaisseur d'environ 0,5 mm à 2 mm, dans les deux cas, celle-ci étant soumise à un processus consistant en opérations d'émaillage, d'impression de pistes pour la première variante et d'un émaillage postérieur, pour la seconde.There are two varieties of radiant panels for heating, domestic and industrial, on the market - we can therefore consider them as state of the art - which consist of a base plate, of iron or steel, of a substantially rectangular shape and a thickness of about 0.5 mm to 2 mm, in both cases, this being subjected to a process consisting of enameling operations, printing of tracks for the first variant and a posterior enamel, for the second.
Au cours de la première opération, la plaque-base est soumise à un émaillage sur ses deux faces, suivi ensuite par une impression des pistes sur l'une des deux faces de la plaque-base, de sorte que ces pistes, une fois l'ensemble des opérations terminé, jouent le rôle d'élément résistif susceptible, avec le passage du courant électrique, de dégager de la chaleur. Ensuite, pour la seconde variante, vient un émaillage comme revêtement des pistes, de sorte que cette couche serve d'élément protecteur des pistes imprimées antérieurement en protégeant ainsi l'ensemble du panneau contre des phénomènes indésirables, d'origine chimique ou physique, causés par l'humidité ou des rayures involontaires quand l'usager s'en sert, le tout sur les panneaux des pistes protégées.During the first operation, the base plate is subjected to an enameling on its two faces, followed then by an impression of the tracks on one of the two faces of the base plate, so that these tracks, once the 'all operations completed, play the role of resistive element capable, with the passage of electric current, to generate heat. Then, for the second variant, there is an enamel coating for the tracks, so that this layer serves as a protective element for the tracks previously printed, thereby protecting the entire panel against undesirable phenomena, of chemical or physical origin, caused by humidity or involuntary scratches when the user uses it, all on the protected track panels.
Les panneaux rayonnants avec circuit imprimé et les pistes découvertes ou non protégées, dû au fait que les pistes couvrent environ 50% de la surface de ceux-ci et en raison de leur nature même, ne transmettent que 30% de la chaleur dégagée par les pistes sur la face du circuit et 70% sur la face sans circuit.Radiant panels with printed circuit and uncovered or unprotected tracks, due to the fact that the tracks cover about 50% of their surface and by their very nature, only transmit 30% of the heat given off by the tracks on the face of the circuit and 70% on the face without circuit.
Un autre type de panneaux dispose du circuit imprimé, protégé par une couche d'émail contre les agents extérieurs, tant physiques que chimiques et pour ceux-ci, parce que la nature du matériel est la même pour les deux faces, la chaleur dégagée est transmise d'une manière équivalente sur les deux faces, c'est-à-dire à 50% et à 50%.Another type of panel has the printed circuit, protected by a layer of enamel against external agents, both physical and chemical, and for these, because the nature of the material is the same for both sides, the heat released is transmitted equally on both sides, i.e. 50% and 50%.
Ce type de plaques dont le procédé de fabrication est décrit au paragraphe antérieur et que l'on peut considérer comme l'État de la Technique actuel, offre des inconvénients que cette présentation a pour but de démontrer, tels que lorsque le panneau sera en situation de travail, il transmettra la même chaleur sur la partie postérieure du panneau que sur sa partie antérieure, qui est celle qui transmet à l'usager la chaleur par radiation; à savoir, que les pistes résistives étant montées sur la partie postérieure du panneau quand celui-ci est installé à l'intérieur du meuble ou de la structure de support, 50% de la chaleur se transmet directement à ce meuble, en chauffant ainsi ce dernier au lieu que cette chaleur serve à chauffer aussi bien le milieu ambiant que l'usager, ce qui revient à réduire le rendement calorifique du panneau et par conséquent, celui de l'appareil de chauffage correspondant et à limiter la puissance de l'appareil puisque celui-ci, en étant trop chauffé, ne satisfait plus aux normes de sécurité et de qualité.This type of plates, the manufacturing process of which is described in the previous paragraph and which can be considered as the current state of the art, offers drawbacks that this presentation aims to demonstrate, such as when the panel is in situation working, it will transmit the same heat on the posterior part of the panel as on its anterior part, which is that which transmits heat to the user by radiation; namely, that the resistive tracks being mounted on the rear part of the panel when it is installed inside the cabinet or the support structure, 50% of the heat is transmitted directly to this cabinet, thereby heating it the latter instead of this heat being used to heat both the ambient environment and the user, which amounts to reducing the calorific efficiency of the panel and consequently that of the corresponding heating appliance and limiting the power of the appliance since it, by being too heated, no longer meets safety and quality standards.
La présente invention a pour objectif d'augmenter le rendement calorifique des panneaux de pistes protégées, au moyen de la projection métallique d'aluminium, vu ses caractéristiques de faible radiation, sur la partie postérieure de la plaque et au-dessus de la dernière couche d'émaillage; l'aluminium en effet est un élément peu rayonnant, il change la balance de chaleur transmise par les deux faces du panneau; l'on obtient ainsi, à partir de la face antérieure de celui-ci, que 80% de la chaleur soit émise, tandis qu'à partir de la partie postérieure interne, là où se trouvent les pistes, 20% seulement de celle-ci le soit. Ce qui réduit l'échauffement du meuble et augmente la chaleur cédée par radiation à partir de la face antérieure, qui est celle que l'usager ressent, cet effet ayant comme résultat d'accroître la température de la pièce ou de la salle où se trouve/nt le/s usager/s.The present invention aims to increase the heat efficiency of protected track panels, by means of metallic aluminum projection, given its characteristics of low radiation, on the rear part of the plate and above the last layer. enameling; aluminum is in fact a slightly radiating element, it changes the balance of heat transmitted by the two sides of the panel; it is thus obtained, from the anterior face thereof, that 80% of the heat is emitted, while from the internal posterior part, where the tracks are located, only 20% thereof here it is. This reduces the heating of the furniture and increases the heat given off by radiation from the front side, which is what the user feels, this effect having the effect of increasing the temperature of the room or room where finds the user / s.
Sont considérées comme des réalisations équivalentes à ce qui fait l'objet du présent Modèle d'Utilité le remplacement de la projection métallique d'aluminium par l'adhésion d'une feuille d'aluminium par l'intermédiaire des éléments correspondants ou moyens d'adhésion sur la partie postérieure de la plaque, la projection mentionnée se trouvant donc remplacée par cette feuille d'aluminium.Are considered as achievements equivalent to what is the subject of this Utility Model the replacement of the metallic projection of aluminum by the adhesion of an aluminum foil via the corresponding elements or means of adhesion to the rear part of the plate, the projection mentioned therefore being replaced by this aluminum sheet.
D'autres détails et diverses caractéristiques de cette demande de Modèle d'Utilité apparaîtront au cours de la description que l'on en donne plus loin, description où il est fait référence aux dessins joints à ce mémoire, lesquels présentent, de façon assez schématique, les détails retenus. Ces détails sont offerts à titre d'exemple, en se rapportant à un cas possible de réalisation pratique, mais ce modèle n'est pas limité aux détails qui sont ici exposés; cette description doit donc être envisagée d'un point de vue représentatif et sans limitations d'aucune sorte.Other details and various characteristics of this application for a Utility Model will appear during the description given below, a description in which reference is made to the drawings attached to this document, which present, in a fairly schematic manner. , details retained. These details are offered by way of example, with reference to a possible case of practical realization, but this model is not limited to the details which are exposed here; this description must therefore be considered from a representative point of view and without limitations of any kind.
Nous allons maintenant énumérer les divers éléments d'un panneau du type de ceux qui ont des pistes protégées, ils sont numérotés sur les dessins joints à ce mémoire: (10) panneau, (11) plaque-base, (12) couche d'émail, (13) pistes résistives, (14) revêtement d'émail de la piste, (15) couche d'aluminium, (16) contacts électriques, (17) face postérieure, (18) face antérieure, (19) espace entre pistes.
- La figure no 1 représente une vue en perspective d'un panneau rayonnant à circuit imprimé (10), où l'on peut observer comment sur la face postérieure (18) se trouvent les pistes résistives (13) et les contacts électriques (16).
- La
figure no 2 est une section par 2.2, d'après la figure no 1. - La figure no 3 est une section transversale par 2.2 en projection verticale agrandie, d'après détail, de la figure no 1 et 2 du panneau (10).
- FIG. 1 represents a perspective view of a radiating panel with printed circuit (10), where one can observe how on the rear face (18) are the resistive tracks (13) and the electrical contacts (16) .
- Figure 2 is a section through 2.2, based on Figure 1.
- Figure 3 is a cross section of 2.2 in enlarged vertical projection, from detail, of Figure 1 and 2 of the panel (10).
Dans l'une des réalisations retenues de ce qui fait l'objet de cette demande de Modèle d'Utilité, comme on peut le voir sur les figures no 1 et no 2 un panneau rayonnant (10) se compose d'une plaque-base (11) en acier, en fer ou d'un matériau similaire, recouvert sur sa face antérieure (17) et postérieure (18) d'une couche d'émail (12).In one of the selected embodiments of what is the subject of this application for a Utility Model, as can be seen in FIGS. 1 and 2, a radiating panel (10) consists of a base plate (11) of steel, iron or a similar material, covered on its anterior (17) and posterior (18) face with a layer of enamel (12).
Sur la face postérieure (18) et au-dessus de la couche d'émail (12), comme on peut le voir sur les figures no 2 et no 3, les pistes de matériel conducteur (13) sont imprimées, de sorte que ces pistes adhèrent à la couche d'émail (12), en formant un ensemble homogène et en respectant l'espace entre pistes (19).On the rear face (18) and above the enamel layer (12), as can be seen in Figures 2 and 3, the tracks of conductive material (13) are printed, so that these tracks adhere to the enamel layer (12), forming a homogeneous whole and respecting the space between tracks (19).
Généralement, sur les panneaux de pistes protégées, ce que l'on peut donc considérer comme État de la Technique, ces pistes sont recouvertes de matériel conducteur au moyen d'une frange de couche d'émaillage (14), pour que les pistes (13) situées au-dessus de la face postérieure (18) soient totalement protégées contre des actions indésirables pouvant mettre en danger l'intégrité des pistes (13), ce qui entraînerait l'interruption du circuit.Generally, on the protected track panels, which can therefore be considered as prior art, these tracks are covered with conductive material by means of a layer of enamel layer (14), so that the tracks ( 13) located above the rear face (18) are completely protected against undesirable actions which could endanger the integrity of the tracks (13), which would cause the circuit to be interrupted.
Comme déjà décrit auparavant, la situation du panneau (10) dans le meuble de l'appareil de chauffage fait que les pistes rayonnantes (13) se trouvent à la partie inférieure de l'appareil, si bien que la chaleur dégagée et transmise par la face postérieure, dans ce cas (18), qui reste à la partie inférieure de l'appareil, est la même que celle transmise par la partie antérieure, avec l'existence d'un équilibre de presque 50% entre la chaleur transmise par la face postérieure (18) et celle transmise par la face antérieure (17); raison pour laquelle, en ce qui fait l'objet de cette demande de Modèle d'Utilité, afin d'améliorer cet équilibre, on ajoute à l'aide des moyens adaptés et sur la face postérieure (18) une projection métallique d'aluminium (15), qui à son tour peut être remplacée en cas de besoin par une feuille d'aluminium collée sur la face postérieure (18) à l'aide des moyens adéquats et recouvrant la couche d'émaillage (14) qui protège les pistes (13) et l'espace entre pistes (19).As already described above, the position of the panel (10) in the cabinet of the heating appliance means that the radiating tracks (13) are located at the bottom of the appliance, so that the heat given off and transmitted by the posterior face, in this case (18), which remains at the lower part of the apparatus, is the same as that transmitted by the anterior part, with the existence of an equilibrium of almost 50% between the heat transmitted by the posterior face (18) and that transmitted by the anterior face (17); reason why, in the subject of this utility model request, in order to improve this balance, we add using suitable means and on the rear face (18) a metallic projection of aluminum (15), which in turn can be replaced if necessary by an aluminum sheet bonded to the rear face (18) using suitable means and covering the enamel layer (14) which protects the tracks (13) and the space between tracks (19).
Par suite du faible pouvoir rayonnant de cette couche (15), on arrive à améliorer considérablement la transmission de chaleur à partir de la face antérieure (17), quand le panneau (10) est monté sur l'appareil de chauffage, si bien que le rendement ou transmission de chaleur se répartit entre 20% à partir de la face postérieure (18) et 80% pour la face postérieure (17), celle-ci étant celle qui transmet la chaleur à l'usager; ce dernier perçoit donc un meilleur rendement de la radiation qui le touche, de même qu'une meilleure convection qui influence la température de l'air de la pièce ou salle où il pourra se trouver, avec une augmentation de rendement par rapport à celui-ci.Owing to the low radiating power of this layer (15), it is possible to considerably improve the heat transmission from the front face (17), when the panel (10) is mounted on the heater, so that the efficiency or heat transmission is distributed between 20% from the rear face (18) and 80% for the rear face (17), the latter being that which transmits heat to the user; the latter therefore perceives a better yield of the radiation which touches it, as well as a better convection which influences the temperature of the air in the room or room where it may be located, with an increase in yield compared to that this.
Après l'observation des dessins et l'explication que nous en avons donnée, il est facile de comprendre que la demande de Modèle d'Utilité motivant le présent mémoire, offre une construction simple et efficace qui peut être très facilement mise en pratique, ce qui constitue, sans aucun doute, un résultat industriel nouveau.After observing the drawings and the explanation we have given, it is easy to understand that the request for a Utility Model motivating the present brief, offers a simple and effective construction which can be very easily put into practice, which which undoubtedly constitutes a new industrial result.
À toutes fins utiles, on fait remarquer qu'il est possible d'introduire, dans ce qui constitue l'objet de la présente demande de Modèle, toutes les variations et modifications de détail que l'on jugera bonnes, pourvu que ne soit pas altérée ni modifiée l'essence du Modèle, qui est résumée dans les REVENDICATIONS suivantes:For all intents and purposes, it is pointed out that it is possible to introduce, into what constitutes the subject of this model application, all the variations and modifications of detail that we deem good, provided that is not altered or modified the essence of the Model, which is summarized in the following CLAIMS:
Claims (2)
L'ensemble se présente tel qu'il est décrit dans ce mémoire, qui comprend huit feuilles imprimées d'un seul côté.2. "RADIANT PANEL WITH IMPROVED PRINTED CIRCUIT", having the characteristic, according to the first claim, that by alternating with the metallic projection of aluminum on the rear face (18) of the plate (11), it will be possible to use an aluminum sheet bonded to this rear face (18) above the enamel layer (14) using suitable means.
The assembly is as described in this memo, which includes eight sheets printed on one side.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES9400822U | 1994-03-28 | ||
| ES9400822U ES1027468Y (en) | 1994-03-28 | 1994-03-28 | RADIANT PANEL TO PERFECTED PRINTED CIRCUIT. |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0675670A2 true EP0675670A2 (en) | 1995-10-04 |
| EP0675670A3 EP0675670A3 (en) | 1996-08-28 |
Family
ID=8285940
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP95500036A Withdrawn EP0675670A3 (en) | 1994-03-28 | 1995-03-27 | Radiant panel with improved printed circuit. |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0675670A3 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES1027468Y (en) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1999008484A1 (en) * | 1997-08-05 | 1999-02-18 | Strix Limited | Elecric heaters |
| FR2799607A1 (en) * | 1999-10-07 | 2001-04-13 | Acso Agence Commerciale Second | Mesh cable tray built by assembly of metal wire, has longitudinal wires outside U-shaped transverse elements, and has wire forming upper edge of tray formed in undulations |
| FR2803481A1 (en) * | 1999-10-07 | 2001-07-06 | Acso Agence Commerciale Second | Hanging heating apparatus, for domestic and industrial buildings, includes heating panel with steel panel which is covered with two enamel layers, second layer comprising tracks forming electric resistors |
| ES2174758A1 (en) * | 2001-04-09 | 2002-11-01 | Uranga Jose Maria Vergara | Electric convection heater |
| FR2835144A1 (en) * | 2002-01-24 | 2003-07-25 | Aes Laboratoire | DEVICE FOR REGULATING THE TEMPERATURE OF A LIQUID PRE-ENRICHMENT SOLUTION CONTAINING SAMPLES OF CONSUMER PRODUCTS TO BE ANALYZED MICROBIOLOGICALLY |
| FR2989452A1 (en) * | 2012-04-11 | 2013-10-18 | Eco Matic | Wall heating device for heating room of building, has hollow body provided in form of profile presenting two longitudinal walls, and flat and thin electric heating module extended from hollow body |
Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2859321A (en) * | 1955-07-11 | 1958-11-04 | Garaway Alexander | Electric resistance heater |
| US2939807A (en) * | 1956-06-29 | 1960-06-07 | Thermway Ind Inc | Method of making a heating panel |
| FR1488875A (en) * | 1965-08-12 | 1967-07-13 | Ritter Pfaudler Corp | Electrical device and method for its manufacture |
| US3350777A (en) * | 1963-01-07 | 1967-11-07 | Gen Precision Inc | Method of fabrication of electrical heater |
| US3694627A (en) * | 1970-12-23 | 1972-09-26 | Whirlpool Co | Heating element & method of making |
| EP0254070A2 (en) * | 1986-07-24 | 1988-01-27 | E.G.O. Elektro-Geräte Blanc u. Fischer | Electrical device |
| EP0495770A1 (en) * | 1991-01-16 | 1992-07-22 | Friedrich Hoffmann | Infrared radiant heater |
-
1994
- 1994-03-28 ES ES9400822U patent/ES1027468Y/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1995
- 1995-03-27 EP EP95500036A patent/EP0675670A3/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2859321A (en) * | 1955-07-11 | 1958-11-04 | Garaway Alexander | Electric resistance heater |
| US2939807A (en) * | 1956-06-29 | 1960-06-07 | Thermway Ind Inc | Method of making a heating panel |
| US3350777A (en) * | 1963-01-07 | 1967-11-07 | Gen Precision Inc | Method of fabrication of electrical heater |
| FR1488875A (en) * | 1965-08-12 | 1967-07-13 | Ritter Pfaudler Corp | Electrical device and method for its manufacture |
| US3694627A (en) * | 1970-12-23 | 1972-09-26 | Whirlpool Co | Heating element & method of making |
| EP0254070A2 (en) * | 1986-07-24 | 1988-01-27 | E.G.O. Elektro-Geräte Blanc u. Fischer | Electrical device |
| EP0495770A1 (en) * | 1991-01-16 | 1992-07-22 | Friedrich Hoffmann | Infrared radiant heater |
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1999008484A1 (en) * | 1997-08-05 | 1999-02-18 | Strix Limited | Elecric heaters |
| GB2343824A (en) * | 1997-08-05 | 2000-05-17 | Strix Ltd | Electric heaters |
| FR2799607A1 (en) * | 1999-10-07 | 2001-04-13 | Acso Agence Commerciale Second | Mesh cable tray built by assembly of metal wire, has longitudinal wires outside U-shaped transverse elements, and has wire forming upper edge of tray formed in undulations |
| FR2803481A1 (en) * | 1999-10-07 | 2001-07-06 | Acso Agence Commerciale Second | Hanging heating apparatus, for domestic and industrial buildings, includes heating panel with steel panel which is covered with two enamel layers, second layer comprising tracks forming electric resistors |
| ES2174758A1 (en) * | 2001-04-09 | 2002-11-01 | Uranga Jose Maria Vergara | Electric convection heater |
| FR2835144A1 (en) * | 2002-01-24 | 2003-07-25 | Aes Laboratoire | DEVICE FOR REGULATING THE TEMPERATURE OF A LIQUID PRE-ENRICHMENT SOLUTION CONTAINING SAMPLES OF CONSUMER PRODUCTS TO BE ANALYZED MICROBIOLOGICALLY |
| WO2003063549A2 (en) * | 2002-01-24 | 2003-07-31 | A.E.S. Laboratoire | Device for regulating the temperature of a fluid pre-enrichment or enrichment solution containing samples of consumable products that are to undergo microbiological analysis |
| WO2003063549A3 (en) * | 2002-01-24 | 2004-03-11 | A E S Laboratoire | Device for regulating the temperature of a fluid pre-enrichment or enrichment solution containing samples of consumable products that are to undergo microbiological analysis |
| FR2989452A1 (en) * | 2012-04-11 | 2013-10-18 | Eco Matic | Wall heating device for heating room of building, has hollow body provided in form of profile presenting two longitudinal walls, and flat and thin electric heating module extended from hollow body |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ES1027468U (en) | 1994-08-16 |
| ES1027468Y (en) | 1995-02-16 |
| EP0675670A3 (en) | 1996-08-28 |
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