EP0673008A1 - Fire control system - Google Patents

Fire control system Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0673008A1
EP0673008A1 EP95100580A EP95100580A EP0673008A1 EP 0673008 A1 EP0673008 A1 EP 0673008A1 EP 95100580 A EP95100580 A EP 95100580A EP 95100580 A EP95100580 A EP 95100580A EP 0673008 A1 EP0673008 A1 EP 0673008A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
bunker
waste
infrared camera
fire
fire monitoring
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Granted
Application number
EP95100580A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0673008B1 (en
Inventor
Vladimir Rolih
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Hitachi Zosen Innova AG
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Von Roll AG
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/12—Actuation by presence of radiation or particles, e.g. of infrared radiation or of ions

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a fire monitoring system in waste bunkers according to the preamble of claim 1, an infrared camera for the fire monitoring system and a method for fire monitoring.
  • Waste intended for incineration is stored in a closed room in a so-called waste bunker in front of the waste incineration plant.
  • the garbage stored in the form of loose material can catch fire for various reasons.
  • environmentally harmful gases are generated which represent an extraordinary environmental impact in the vicinity of the waste incineration plant.
  • the bunker fire leads to a business interruption with corresponding technical, logistical and economic problems. Since bunker fires are becoming increasingly common, there is a need for effective control.
  • the effective control of bunker fires requires the early detection and location of hot spots, ie sources of fire in the bunker. Such early detection and location is problematic for several reasons.
  • the airspace in the bunker is insufficient because the air is dust-laden and the fire is preceded by a lot of smoke.
  • the surface of the garbage mass is not flat and the higher and lower places as well as changes in garbage removal, delivery and shifting result in falsifications of the optical image of this surface.
  • the object of the present invention is to propose a fire monitoring system for the early detection of fires in garbage bunkers, in particular for the exact localization of fire sources.
  • the system according to the invention enables the automatic, exact spatial detection of locations with increased temperature, ie possible sources of fire, in the garbage bunker prior to the actual fire outbreak, and thus timely and targeted fire fighting. It has been shown that the exact spatial, ie three-dimensional, coordinates of the location can only be determined increased temperature enables successful fire fighting in the waste bunker.
  • the digitization of the two thermal images which are created by the two infrared cameras arranged at a distance from each other in the same area of the waste bunker, together with the determination of the exact angle value by the angle transmitter, enable the spatial coordinates of the locations with increased temperature to be determined, and thus the targeted Firefighting. Since only the location of an event, i.e. a temperature increase, it is not necessary to use a highly sensitive infrared camera according to the invention, but a so-called fire brigade camera, which signals the warm spots as a light spot, is sufficient.
  • a test element with a controlled heatable surface can be arranged inside the waste bunker.
  • the functionality of the system according to the invention can be checked by periodically heating the surface of this test element.
  • heatable calibration elements are provided. These are attached to the garbage bunker at predetermined locations, heated and the system is calibrated by determining their - in themselves known - spatial coordinates, or the calibration is checked as required.
  • a screen connected to the system is preferably provided for the optical representation of the digitized thermal images. This gives the operating personnel no line of sight to the inside of the Garbage bunkers are supplied with visual information, which makes it easier and faster to remedy the heating of a fire source.
  • the system advantageously has an alarm device which, when a predetermined temperature is exceeded, triggers an optical and / or acoustic alarm at one or more points in the waste bunker.
  • the alarm device can have means for the automatic triggering of steps for eliminating the hot spots.
  • the system preferably has a storage means which stores data of the alarm processes, such as the spatial coordinate of the source of the fire, the time of detection and the time period until the alarm is triggered and until the necessary steps have been taken or the heating has been remedied.
  • data of the alarm processes such as the spatial coordinate of the source of the fire, the time of detection and the time period until the alarm is triggered and until the necessary steps have been taken or the heating has been remedied.
  • the room coordinates of hot spots determined by the fire monitoring system according to the invention can be used for a further system for initiating predetermined steps, e.g. Triggering a targeted automatic deletion process.
  • the steps required for eliminating the heating / source of the fire can be carried out quickly and efficiently by using extinguishing agents on the heated point brought or the garbage is lifted out at this point.
  • the refuse bunker 1 shown schematically in FIG. 1 has a bottom 2, four side walls 3, 4, 5, 6 and a ceiling 7. The entire bottom 2 is covered with refuse 8.
  • the surface 9 of the garbage 8 is three-dimensional, i.e. there is a mountain-valley topography.
  • two parallel infrared cameras 11, 12 are arranged on an axis of rotation 10 at a distance from one another, which - as illustrated by the lines 13 to 18 - when the axis of rotation 10 is actuated, the entire surface 9 of the waste 8 in a predetermined cycle slip on.
  • the system 21 in FIG. 2 has two infrared cameras 11, 12 arranged on the axis of rotation 10, the axis of rotation 10 is connected to a drive motor 22.
  • the drive motor 22 is, as indicated by an arrow, rotatable in two directions and connected to a control device 23.
  • the control device 23 has analog and digital inputs and outputs, a programmable logic controller Controller 24, an operating station 25 with an input element 27 and a display 26.
  • the rotary axis 10 is assigned an angle encoder 28 which is connected to the control device 23. It is preferably an absolute angle encoder with a digital output and a minimum resolution of 12 bits or more.
  • the control device is connected to a computer 31 via a serial interface 29.
  • a monitor 32, an operating keyboard 33 and a log printer 34 are assigned to the computer 31.
  • the drive motor 22 is controlled by the computer 31 via the control device 23.
  • the rotational position of the axis of rotation 10 is sensed by the angle encoder and its signals, for example a 12 bit parallel bus, are fed to the control device 23.
  • the two infrared cameras 11, 12 are fed from the control device 23 via a feed line 35a.
  • the video signals from the infrared camera 11, 12 are fed to the computer via a video line 35b. Here they are digitized and the data are displayed on the screen 27 or printed out by the log printer 28.
  • a warning device 36 is activated via the control device 23.
  • the latter can be arranged, for example, in the driver's cab of cranes 43, 43 'loading the waste bunker 1.
  • an operating element 37 arranged at the same location and also connected to the control device 23 the warning is acknowledged by the crane operator. The duration of scanning a bunker depends on the circumstances of the individual case.
  • sixteen calibration elements 38 with a heatable surface are arranged in the latter, at least at the beginning of the operation of the system 21. These individual calibration elements 38 are connected via a field box 39 with sockets 41 to corresponding outputs 42 of the control device 23 and can be controlled individually.
  • a longitudinal 44, 45, transverse 46, 47 and depth sensor 48, 49 is assigned to the gripper of the two cranes 43, 43 'arranged in the waste bunker. These determine the position of the grippers and transmit the data to the control device 23.
  • test element 51 which can be heated by the control device 23 is arranged in the waste bunker 1 and is used to periodically check the functionality of the system by triggering a test alarm by heating the test element 51. These test alarms are also registered and printed out in the log.
  • control device 23 has an output 52 for a further alarm message and an output 53 for a system fault message.
  • the extinguishing process can be initiated in various ways after the alarm is triggered:
  • the extinguishing and cooling action can take place automatically with a locally targeted extinguishing agent such as sprinkles or one of the crane grabs is moved manually or blindly into position, which then positions the extinguishing agent in the hot place or lifts the hot material out.
  • the infrared camera 11 in FIG. 3 has a double-walled camera housing 61, in which the actual thermal imaging camera 62 is arranged.
  • the thermal imaging camera 62 preferably has a sensitivity range of 8 ⁇ m to 12 ⁇ m and preferably indicates temperature differences of approximately 2 ° C. or more.
  • the bottom 63 of the infrared camera 11 is partially formed by an IR-transparent glass window 64, for example made of germanium glass.
  • In the upper part of the camera housing 61 there is an inlet 65 for flushing air and on the bottom 63 there are outlet openings 66 for the flushing air.
  • the thermal imaging camera 62 has connections 68, 69 both for the supply and for the transmission of the thermal images. Furthermore, there is a water inlet 71 for cooling water in the upper part of the camera housing 61. The water cooling is activated - only when a predetermined temperature in the range of, for example, 50 to 90 ° C.
  • a temperature sensor 72 arranged on the outside of the camera housing 61 by a valve 74 being arranged in a on the lower part of the camera housing 61 via a capillary tube 73
  • Water outlet 75 actuated.
  • the water cooling of the infrared camera is connected to a pressurized water pipe, for example to the city pipe or that of the sprinkler system.
  • a simple one Thermal imaging camera without self-cooling which does not provide an actual thermal image, but only provides heat points.
  • FIG. 4 shows an event image 81 on the screen 32 assigned to the computer 31.
  • the upper part of the event image shows two camera images 82, 83, on which a spot of increased temperature, a source of fire in the waste bunker, appears as a bright spot 84, 84 '.
  • a second, middle picture 85 shows the position 86, 87 of the grippers of the two cranes and the source of the fire 84 in the plan view and in a third lower picture 88 a side view.
  • X, Y, Z indicate the coordinates of the source of the fire.
  • the screen display simplifies the work of the operating personnel and accelerates any intervention.

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  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fire-Detection Mechanisms (AREA)
  • Fire Alarms (AREA)
  • Alarm Systems (AREA)
  • Photometry And Measurement Of Optical Pulse Characteristics (AREA)
  • Radiation Pyrometers (AREA)
  • Testing And Monitoring For Control Systems (AREA)

Abstract

The fire detection system (2) uses a pair of IR cameras (11,12), supported by a rotary axis (10), coupled to a controlled drive (22), with an associated rotation angle detector (28). A processor (31) is used to digitalise the thermal images provided by IR cameras and to calculate the room coordinates of detected hot spots within the bunker, in conjunction with the data provided by the rotation angle detector. Pref. the bunker contains a test element (51) with a periodically-controlled heated surface, used to check the function of the fire detection system and/or a number of heated calibration elements (38), for calibrating the room coordinates of the refuse bunker.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Brandüberwachungssystem in Müllbunkern gemäss dem Oberbegriff von Anspruch 1, eine Infrarot-Kamera für das Brandüberwachungssystem und ein Verfahren zur Brandüberwachung.The invention relates to a fire monitoring system in waste bunkers according to the preamble of claim 1, an infrared camera for the fire monitoring system and a method for fire monitoring.

Müll, der zum Verbrennen bestimmt ist, wird vor der Müllverbrennungsanlage in einem geschlossenen Raum, in einem sogenannten Müllbunker, gelagert. Der in Form von losem Material gelagerte Müll kann aus verschiedenen Gründen in Brand geraten. Beim sogenannten Bunkerbrand entstehen umweltschädigende Gase, die in der Umgebung der Müllverbrennungsanlage eine ausserordentliche Umweltbelastung darstellen. Weiterhin führt der Bunkerbrand zu einem Betriebsunterbruch mit entsprechenden technischen, logistischen und wirtschaftlichen Problemen. Da Bunkerbrände immer häufiger vorkommen, besteht ein Bedarf an einer wirksamen Bekämpfung.Waste intended for incineration is stored in a closed room in a so-called waste bunker in front of the waste incineration plant. The garbage stored in the form of loose material can catch fire for various reasons. In the so-called bunker fire, environmentally harmful gases are generated which represent an extraordinary environmental impact in the vicinity of the waste incineration plant. Furthermore, the bunker fire leads to a business interruption with corresponding technical, logistical and economic problems. Since bunker fires are becoming increasingly common, there is a need for effective control.

Die wirksame Bekämpfung von Bunkerbränden setzt die Früherkennung und Ortung von Warmstellen, d.h. Brandherden im Bunker voraus. Eine solche Früherkennung und Ortung ist aus verschiedenen Gründen problematisch. Die Sicht im Luftraum des Bunkers ist ungenügend, da die Luft staubgeladen ist und dem Brand eine starke Rauchentwicklung vorangeht. Die Oberfläche der Müllmasse ist nicht eben und durch die höheren und tieferen Stellen sowie Veränderungen bei Müllentnahme, Zulieferung und Umschichtung ergeben sich Verfälschungen des optischen Bildes dieser Oberfläche.The effective control of bunker fires requires the early detection and location of hot spots, ie sources of fire in the bunker. Such early detection and location is problematic for several reasons. The airspace in the bunker is insufficient because the air is dust-laden and the fire is preceded by a lot of smoke. The surface of the garbage mass is not flat and the higher and lower places as well as changes in garbage removal, delivery and shifting result in falsifications of the optical image of this surface.

Bisher erfolgte die Branderkennung in der Praxis visuell durch den Kranführer, der den Kran zur Be- und Entladung des Bunkers bedient. Diese Art der Brandüberwachung ist unbefriedigend. Es wurden deshalb verschiedentliche Versuche zur Verbesserung des Ist-Zustandes unternommen.In practice, fire detection was previously carried out visually by the crane operator, who operates the crane to load and unload the bunker. This type of fire surveillance is unsatisfactory. Various attempts have therefore been made to improve the current state.

U. Euteneuer berichtet in Aus der Tätigkeit der LIS 1989 (Essen 1990) unter dem Titel: "Möglichkeiten zur Früherkennung von Müllbunkerbränden - Ergebnisse aus Versuchen mit Thermographiesystemen" über die Verwendung einer Wärmebildkamera, mit der jedoch nur ein Wärmediagramm, d.h. eine lineare Temperaturabbildung eines sehr engen Oberflächenbrandes, registriert werden konnte. Da aber bei der Früherkennung von Bunkerbränden die genaue Lokalisation des Brandherdes eines der wesentlichen Probleme bildet, konnte aufgrund dieser Versuche keine geeignete Lösung des Problems vorgeschlagen werden.U. Euteneuer reports in From the activity of LIS 1989 (Essen 1990) under the title: "Possibilities for the early detection of garbage bunker fires - results from experiments with thermography systems" about the use of a thermal imaging camera, but with which only a thermal diagram, i.e. a linear temperature map of a very narrow surface fire could be registered. However, since the exact localization of the source of the fire is one of the main problems in the early detection of bunker fires, no suitable solution to the problem could be proposed on the basis of these experiments.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, ein Brandüberwachungssystem zur Früherkennung von Bränden in Müllbunkern, insbesondere zur genauen Lokalisierung von Brandherden, vorzuschlagen.The object of the present invention is to propose a fire monitoring system for the early detection of fires in garbage bunkers, in particular for the exact localization of fire sources.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch die Merkmale des kennzeichnenden Teils von Anspruch 1 gelöst. Bevorzugte Ausführungsformen der Erfindung bilden den Gegenstand der abhängigen Ansprüche 2 bis 8.This object is achieved by the features of the characterizing part of claim 1. Preferred embodiments of the invention form the subject of dependent claims 2 to 8.

Durch das erfindungsgemässe System wird im Müllbunker die automatische exakte räumliche Erfassung von Stellen mit erhöhter Temperatur, d.h. von möglichen Brandherden, vor dem eigentlichen Brandausbruch und damit die rechtzeitige und gezielte Brandbekämpfung ermöglicht. Es hat sich gezeigt, dass erst die Ermittlung der exakten räumlichen, d.h. dreidimensionalen, Koordinaten des Ortes mit erhöhter Temperatur die erfolgreiche Brandbekämpfung im Müllbunker ermöglicht.The system according to the invention enables the automatic, exact spatial detection of locations with increased temperature, ie possible sources of fire, in the garbage bunker prior to the actual fire outbreak, and thus timely and targeted fire fighting. It has been shown that the exact spatial, ie three-dimensional, coordinates of the location can only be determined increased temperature enables successful fire fighting in the waste bunker.

Die Digitalisierung der beiden Wärmebilder, die von den beiden in Abstand zueinander angeordneten Infrarot-Kameras vom gleichen Bereich des Müllbunkers erstellt werden, zusammen mit der Bestimmung des exakten Winkelwertes durch den Winkelgeber, ermöglichen die Ermittlung der Raumkoordinaten der Stellen mit erhöhter Temperatur und dadurch die gezielte Brandbekämpfung. Da nur der Ort eines Ereignisses, d.h. einer Temperaturerhöhung, zu ermitteln ist, braucht es erfindungsgemäss keine hochempfindliche Infrarot-Kamera, sondern eine sogenannte Feuerwehr-Kamera, die die warmen Stellen als Lichtfleck signalisiert, genügt.The digitization of the two thermal images, which are created by the two infrared cameras arranged at a distance from each other in the same area of the waste bunker, together with the determination of the exact angle value by the angle transmitter, enable the spatial coordinates of the locations with increased temperature to be determined, and thus the targeted Firefighting. Since only the location of an event, i.e. a temperature increase, it is not necessary to use a highly sensitive infrared camera according to the invention, but a so-called fire brigade camera, which signals the warm spots as a light spot, is sufficient.

Um die Sicherheit des Systems zu verbessern, kann ein Testelement mit einer gesteuert beheizbaren Oberfläche innerhalb des Müllbunkers angeordnet werden. Durch periodische Heizung der Oberfläche dieses Prüfelementes kann die Funktionsfähigkeit des erfindungsgemässen Systems überprüft werden.To improve the security of the system, a test element with a controlled heatable surface can be arranged inside the waste bunker. The functionality of the system according to the invention can be checked by periodically heating the surface of this test element.

Zur Kalibrierung des erfindungsgemässen Systems, d.h. der Ermittlung der Raumkoordinaten im Müllbunker, werden beheizbare Kalibrierelemente vorgesehen. Diese werden innerhalb des Müllbunkers an vorbestimmten Stellen angebracht, beheizt und durch Ermittlung ihrer - an und für sich bekannten - Raumkoordinaten wird das System kalibriert, bzw. nach Bedarf die Kalibrierung überprüft.For calibration of the system according to the invention, i.e. When determining the room coordinates in the waste bunker, heatable calibration elements are provided. These are attached to the garbage bunker at predetermined locations, heated and the system is calibrated by determining their - in themselves known - spatial coordinates, or the calibration is checked as required.

Vorzugsweise ist ein mit dem System verbundener Bildschirm zur optischen Darstellung der digitalisierten Wärmebilder vorgesehen. Dadurch wird dem Bedienungspersonal ohne Sichtverbindung mit dem Inneren des Müllbunkers eine optische Information geliefert, was die Behebung einer Erwärmung eines Brandherdes erleichtert und beschleunigt.A screen connected to the system is preferably provided for the optical representation of the digitized thermal images. This gives the operating personnel no line of sight to the inside of the Garbage bunkers are supplied with visual information, which makes it easier and faster to remedy the heating of a fire source.

Vorteilhaft besitzt das System eine Alarmeinrichtung, die beim Überschreiten einer vorgegebenen Temperatur, an einer oder mehreren Stellen im Müllbunker, optischen und/oder akustischen Alarm auslöst. Die Alarmeinrichtung kann gewünschtenfalls Mittel zum atomatischen Auslösen von Schritten zur Behebung der Heissstellen besitzen.The system advantageously has an alarm device which, when a predetermined temperature is exceeded, triggers an optical and / or acoustic alarm at one or more points in the waste bunker. If desired, the alarm device can have means for the automatic triggering of steps for eliminating the hot spots.

Vorzugsweise besitzt das System ein Speichermittel, welches Daten der Alarmvorgänge wie Raumkoordinate des Brandherdes, Zeitpunkt der Erfassung und die Zeitspanne bis zum Auslösen des Alarms und bis zum Ergreifen der notwendigen Schritte bzw. Behebung der Erwärmung speichert.The system preferably has a storage means which stores data of the alarm processes, such as the spatial coordinate of the source of the fire, the time of detection and the time period until the alarm is triggered and until the necessary steps have been taken or the heating has been remedied.

Die vom erfindungsgemässen Brandüberwachungssystem ermittelten Raumkoordinaten heisser Stellen können einem weiteren System zur Veranlassung vorbestimmter Schritte, z.B. Auslösen eines gezielten automatischen Löschvorganges, übermittelt werden.The room coordinates of hot spots determined by the fire monitoring system according to the invention can be used for a further system for initiating predetermined steps, e.g. Triggering a targeted automatic deletion process.

Durch Mittel, welche die Position der Greifer der im Bunker angeordneten Kräne ermitteln und zur Ergänzung der übrigen Daten in das System einspeisen, können die zur Behebung der Erwärmung/Brandherdes erforderlichen Schritte schnell und effizient vorgenommen werden, indem durch die Greifer Löschmittel an die erwärmte Stelle gebracht oder der Müll an dieser Stelle herausgehoben wird.By means of means which determine the position of the grippers of the cranes arranged in the bunker and feed them into the system in order to supplement the other data, the steps required for eliminating the heating / source of the fire can be carried out quickly and efficiently by using extinguishing agents on the heated point brought or the garbage is lifted out at this point.

Die Erfindung wird anhand der nachfolgenden Figuren weiter veranschaulicht. Es zeigen rein schematisch:

Fig. 1
eine perspektivische Darstellung eines Müllbunkers;
Fig. 2
ein Schemabild eines erfindungsgemässen Systems;
Fig. 3
einen Schnitt durch eine erfindungsgemässe Infrarot-Kamera und
Fig. 4
eine Bildschirmdarstellung eines Wärmebildes.
The invention is further illustrated by the following figures. It shows purely schematically:
Fig. 1
a perspective view of a waste bunker;
Fig. 2
a schematic image of a system according to the invention;
Fig. 3
a section through an infrared camera according to the invention and
Fig. 4
a screen representation of a thermal image.

Der in Figur 1 schematisch dargestellte Müllbunker 1 besitzt einen Boden 2, vier Seitenwände 3, 4, 5, 6 und eine Decke 7. Der ganze Boden 2 ist von Müll 8 bedeckt.The refuse bunker 1 shown schematically in FIG. 1 has a bottom 2, four side walls 3, 4, 5, 6 and a ceiling 7. The entire bottom 2 is covered with refuse 8.

Die Oberfläche 9 des Mülls 8 ist dreidimensional, d.h. es liegt eine Berg-Tal-Topographie vor. Unterhalb der Decke 7 sind an einer Drehachse 10 in Abstand zueinander zwei parallel gerichtete Infrarot-Kameras 11, 12 angeordnet, die - wie durch die Linien 13 bis 18 veranschaulicht - beim Betätigen der Drehachse 10 die ganze Oberfläche 9 des Mülls 8 in einem vorgegebenen Takt überstreifen. Bei grossen Müllbunkern kann die Anordnung von mehreren Infrarot-Kamerapaaren erforderlich sein.The surface 9 of the garbage 8 is three-dimensional, i.e. there is a mountain-valley topography. Below the ceiling 7, two parallel infrared cameras 11, 12 are arranged on an axis of rotation 10 at a distance from one another, which - as illustrated by the lines 13 to 18 - when the axis of rotation 10 is actuated, the entire surface 9 of the waste 8 in a predetermined cycle slip on. In large waste bunkers, it may be necessary to arrange several pairs of infrared cameras.

Das System 21 in Fig. 2 besitzt zwei auf der Drehachse 10 angeordnete Infrarot-Kameras 11, 12, die Drehachse 10 ist mit einem Antriebsmotor 22 verbunden. Der Antriebsmotor 22 ist, wie durch einen Pfeil angedeutet, in zwei Richtungen drehbar und mit einer Steuereinrichtung 23 verbunden. Die Steuereinrichtung 23 besitzt analoge und digitale Ein- und Ausgänge, eine speicherprogrammierbare Steuerung 24, eine Bedienungsstation 25 mit einem Eingabeelement 27 und einer Anzeige 26. Der Drehachse 10 ist ein Winkelgeber 28 zugeordnet, der mit der Steuereinrichtung 23 verbunden ist. Vorzugsweise handelt es sich um einen Absolut-Winkelgeber mit Digitalausgang und einer Minimal-Auflösung von 12 Bit oder mehr.The system 21 in FIG. 2 has two infrared cameras 11, 12 arranged on the axis of rotation 10, the axis of rotation 10 is connected to a drive motor 22. The drive motor 22 is, as indicated by an arrow, rotatable in two directions and connected to a control device 23. The control device 23 has analog and digital inputs and outputs, a programmable logic controller Controller 24, an operating station 25 with an input element 27 and a display 26. The rotary axis 10 is assigned an angle encoder 28 which is connected to the control device 23. It is preferably an absolute angle encoder with a digital output and a minimum resolution of 12 bits or more.

Die Steuereinrichtung ist über eine serielle Schnittstelle 29 mit einem Computer 31 verbunden. Dem Computer 31 sind ein Bildschirm 32, eine Bedienungstastatur 33 und ein Protokolldrucker 34 zugeordnet.The control device is connected to a computer 31 via a serial interface 29. A monitor 32, an operating keyboard 33 and a log printer 34 are assigned to the computer 31.

Der Antriebsmotor 22 wird vom Computer 31 über die Steuereinrichtung 23 angesteuert. Die Drehposition der Drehachse 10 wird vom Winkelgeber abgetastet und seine Signale werden, beispielsweise eines 12 Bit parallel Bus, der Steuereinrichtung 23 zugeleitet.The drive motor 22 is controlled by the computer 31 via the control device 23. The rotational position of the axis of rotation 10 is sensed by the angle encoder and its signals, for example a 12 bit parallel bus, are fed to the control device 23.

Die beiden Infrarot-Kameras 11, 12 werden über eine Speiseleitung 35a von der Steuereinrichtung 23 aus gespeist. Die Videosignale der Infrarot-Kamera 11, 12 werden über eine Videoleitung 35b dem Computer zugeführt. Hier werden sie digitalisiert und die Daten werden am Bildschirm 27 dargestellt bzw. vom Protokolldrucker 28 ausgedruckt.The two infrared cameras 11, 12 are fed from the control device 23 via a feed line 35a. The video signals from the infrared camera 11, 12 are fed to the computer via a video line 35b. Here they are digitized and the data are displayed on the screen 27 or printed out by the log printer 28.

Wird aufgrund des Wärmebildes, wobei eine hell/dunkel Unterscheidung von erwärmt/nicht-erwärmt genügt, der Infrarot-Kameras 11, 12 eine unerwünschte Erwärmung festgestellt, wird über die Steuereinrichtung 23 eine Warneinrichtung 36 aktiviert. Letztere kann sich beispielsweise im Führerstand von den Müllbunker 1 beladenden Kränen 43, 43' angeordnet sein. Mittels eines am selben Ort angeordneten und ebenfalls mit der Steuereinrichtung 23 verbundenen Bedienungselementes 37 kann vom Kranführer die Warnung quittiert weden. Die Dauer des Abtastens eines Bunkers bestimmt sich nach den Umständen des Einzelfalles.If the infrared cameras 11, 12 detect undesired heating on the basis of the thermal image, a light / dark distinction between heated and non-heated being sufficient, a warning device 36 is activated via the control device 23. The latter can be arranged, for example, in the driver's cab of cranes 43, 43 'loading the waste bunker 1. By means of an operating element 37 arranged at the same location and also connected to the control device 23 the warning is acknowledged by the crane operator. The duration of scanning a bunker depends on the circumstances of the individual case.

Zur Kalibrierung der Raumkoordinaten des Müllbunkers 1 sind in letzterem, mindestens am Anfang des Betriebes des Systems 21, sechzehn Kalibrierelemente 38 mit beheizbarer Oberfläche angeordnet. Diese einzelnen Kalibrierelemente 38 sind über einen Feldkasten 39 mit Steckdosen 41 mit entsprechenden Ausgängen 42 der Steuereinrichtung 23 verbunden und individuell ansteuerbar.In order to calibrate the spatial coordinates of the waste bunker 1, sixteen calibration elements 38 with a heatable surface are arranged in the latter, at least at the beginning of the operation of the system 21. These individual calibration elements 38 are connected via a field box 39 with sockets 41 to corresponding outputs 42 of the control device 23 and can be controlled individually.

Dem Greifer der im Müllbunker angeordneten zwei Kräne 43, 43' ist ein Längs- 44, 45, Quer- 46, 47 und Tiefengeber 48, 49 zugeordnet. Diese stellen die Position der Greifer fest und übermitteln die Daten der Steuereinrichtung 23.A longitudinal 44, 45, transverse 46, 47 and depth sensor 48, 49 is assigned to the gripper of the two cranes 43, 43 'arranged in the waste bunker. These determine the position of the grippers and transmit the data to the control device 23.

Schliesslich ist im Müllbunker 1 ein durch die Steuereinrichtung 23 steuerbar beheizbares Testelement 51 angeordnet, mit der periodisch die Funktionsfähigkeit des Systems überprüft wird, indem durch Aufheizen des Testelementes 51 ein Prüfalarm ausgelöst wird. Diese Prüfalarme werden auch registriert und im Protokoll ausgedruckt.Finally, a test element 51 which can be heated by the control device 23 is arranged in the waste bunker 1 and is used to periodically check the functionality of the system by triggering a test alarm by heating the test element 51. These test alarms are also registered and printed out in the log.

Ausser den genannten Ausgängen besitzt die Steuereinrichtung 23 einen Ausgang 52 für eine weitere Alarmmeldung und einen Ausgang 53 für eine System-Störungsmeldung.In addition to the outputs mentioned, the control device 23 has an output 52 for a further alarm message and an output 53 for a system fault message.

Bei Vorliegen einer Ereignismeldung, d.h. beim Feststellen einer Stelle erhöhter Temperatur, kann nach Auslösen des Alarms auf verschiedene Weise der Löschvorgang eingeleitet werden: Die Lösch- und Abkühlaktion kann automatisch mit einem örtlich gezielten Löschmitteleinsatz wie Sprinkeln erfolgen oder einer der Krangreifer wird manuell oder blind in Position gefahren, der dann Löschmittel an der heissen Stelle positioniert oder das heisse Material heraushebt.If there is an event message, ie if a point of elevated temperature is detected, the extinguishing process can be initiated in various ways after the alarm is triggered: The extinguishing and cooling action can take place automatically with a locally targeted extinguishing agent such as sprinkles or one of the crane grabs is moved manually or blindly into position, which then positions the extinguishing agent in the hot place or lifts the hot material out.

Die Infrarot-Kamera 11 in Fig. 3 besitzt ein doppelwandiges Kameragehäuse 61, in der die eigentliche Wärmebildkamera 62 angeordnet ist. Die Wärmebildkamera 62 besitzt vorzugsweise einen Empfindlichkeitsbereich von 8 µm bis 12 µm und zeigt vorzugsweise Temperaturdifferenzen von ca. 2°C oder mehr an. Der Boden 63 der Infrarot-Kamera 11 ist teilweise von einem IR-durchlässigen Glasfenster 64 gebildet, z.B. aus Germaniumglas. Im oberen Teil des Kameragehäuses 61 ist ein Einlass 65 für Spühlluft und am Boden 63 sind Auslassöffnungen 66 für die Spühlluft angeordnet. An die Öffnungen 66 schliesst ein Tubus 67 aus porösem Sintermaterial an, durch den (wie durch Pfeile angedeutet) die Spühlluft die Infrarot-Kamera 11 verlässt und damit das Beschlagen des Glasfensters 64 verhindert. Die Wärmebildkamera 62 besitzt Anschlüsse 68, 69 sowohl für die Speisung als auch für die Übermittlung der Wärmebilder. Weiterhin befindet sich im oberen Teil des Kameragehäuses 61 ein Wassereinlass 71 für Kühlwasser. Die Wasserkühlung wird - erst bei Erreichen einer vorgegebenen Temperatur im Bereich von beispielsweise 50 bis 90°C - durch einen aussen am Kameragehäuse 61 angeordneten Temperaturfühler 72 aktiviert, indem er über ein Kapillarrohr 73 ein Ventil 74 in einem an dem unteren Teil des Kameragehäuses 61 angeordneten Wasserauslass 75 betätigt. Die Wasserkühlung der Infrarot-Kamera ist an einer unter Druck stehenden Wasserleitung, beispielsweise an die Stadtleitung oder jene der Sprinkelanlage, angeschlossen. Für das erfindungsgemässe System kann eine einfache Wärmebildkamera ohne Eigenkühlung, die kein eigentliches Wärmebild, sondern nur Wärmepunkte liefert, eingesetzt werden.The infrared camera 11 in FIG. 3 has a double-walled camera housing 61, in which the actual thermal imaging camera 62 is arranged. The thermal imaging camera 62 preferably has a sensitivity range of 8 μm to 12 μm and preferably indicates temperature differences of approximately 2 ° C. or more. The bottom 63 of the infrared camera 11 is partially formed by an IR-transparent glass window 64, for example made of germanium glass. In the upper part of the camera housing 61 there is an inlet 65 for flushing air and on the bottom 63 there are outlet openings 66 for the flushing air. Connected to the openings 66 is a tube 67 made of porous sintered material, through which (as indicated by arrows) the flushing air leaves the infrared camera 11 and thus prevents the glass window 64 from fogging up. The thermal imaging camera 62 has connections 68, 69 both for the supply and for the transmission of the thermal images. Furthermore, there is a water inlet 71 for cooling water in the upper part of the camera housing 61. The water cooling is activated - only when a predetermined temperature in the range of, for example, 50 to 90 ° C. is reached - by a temperature sensor 72 arranged on the outside of the camera housing 61 by a valve 74 being arranged in a on the lower part of the camera housing 61 via a capillary tube 73 Water outlet 75 actuated. The water cooling of the infrared camera is connected to a pressurized water pipe, for example to the city pipe or that of the sprinkler system. For the system according to the invention, a simple one Thermal imaging camera without self-cooling, which does not provide an actual thermal image, but only provides heat points.

In Fig. 4 ist ein Ereignisbild 81 auf dem dem Computer 31 zugeordneten Bildschirm 32 dargestellt. Der obere Teil des Ereignisbildes zeigt zwei Kamerabilder 82, 83, auf denen eine Stelle erhöhter Temperatur, ein Brandherd im Müllbunker, als heller Fleck 84, 84' erscheint. Auf einem zweiten, mittleren Bild 85 ist die Position 86, 87 der Greifer der beiden Kräne und des Brandherdes 84 im Grundriss und in einem dritten unteren Bild 88 in Seitenansicht dargestellt. In der oberen rechten Bildschirmecke sind mit X, Y, Z die Koordinaten des Brandherdes angegeben.4 shows an event image 81 on the screen 32 assigned to the computer 31. The upper part of the event image shows two camera images 82, 83, on which a spot of increased temperature, a source of fire in the waste bunker, appears as a bright spot 84, 84 '. A second, middle picture 85 shows the position 86, 87 of the grippers of the two cranes and the source of the fire 84 in the plan view and in a third lower picture 88 a side view. In the upper right corner of the screen, X, Y, Z indicate the coordinates of the source of the fire.

Die Bildschirmdarstellung erleichtert die Arbeit des Bedienungspersonals und beschleunigt ein allfälliges Eingreifen.The screen display simplifies the work of the operating personnel and accelerates any intervention.

Claims (11)

Brandüberwachungssystem (21) für Müllbunker (1), gekennzeichnet durch ein Infrarot-Kamerapaar (11, 12), das an einer mit einem steuerbaren Antriebsmittel (22) und mit einem Winkelgeber (28) verbundenen Drehachse (10) angeordnet ist, einen Rechner (31) zur Digitalisierung der vom Infrarot-Kamerapaar ermittelten Wärmebilder und zur Berechnung der Raumkoordinaten von heissen Stellen im Müllbunker (1) aufgrund der vom Infrarot-Kamerapaar ermittelten digitalisierten Wärmebilder und der vom Winkelgeber (28) gelieferten Daten.Fire monitoring system (21) for waste bunkers (1), characterized by an infrared camera pair (11, 12), which is arranged on an axis of rotation (10) connected to a controllable drive means (22) and an angle transmitter (28), a computer ( 31) for digitizing the thermal images determined by the infrared camera pair and for calculating the spatial coordinates of hot spots in the garbage bunker (1) on the basis of the digitized thermal images determined by the infrared camera pair and the data supplied by the angle sensor (28). System nach Anspruch 1, gekennzeichnet durch ein innerhalb des Müllbunkers (1) anzuordnendes Testelement (51) mit einer gesteuert beheizbaren Oberfläche zur periodischen Funktionsprüfung des Systems.System according to claim 1, characterized by a test element (51) to be arranged within the waste bunker (1) with a controlled heatable surface for periodic functional testing of the system. System nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, gekennzeichnet durch mehrere innerhalb des Müllbunkers (1) entfernbar und in Abstand zueinander anzuordnende beheizbare Kalibrierelemente (38) zur Kalibrierung der Raumkoordinaten des Müllbunkers.System according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a plurality of heatable calibration elements (38), which can be removed within the waste bunker (1) and are arranged at a distance from one another, for calibrating the spatial coordinates of the waste bunker. System nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, gekennzeichnet durch einen Bildschirm (32) zum Anzeigen der vom Infrarot-Kamerapaar ermittelten und digitalisierten Wärmebilder, gegebenenfalls zusammen mit deren Koordinaten.System according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a screen (32) for displaying the infrared images determined and digitized by the infrared camera pair, optionally together with their coordinates. System nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, gekennzeichnet durch eine Alarmeinrichtung zum Auslösen eines Alarms beim Überschreiten einer vorbestimmten Temperatur an einer oder mehreren Stellen innerhalb des Müllbunkers (1).System according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by an alarm device for triggering an alarm when a predetermined temperature is exceeded at one or more locations within the waste bunker (1). System nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, gekennzeichnet durch eine Speichereinrichtung zum Speichern von Daten im Zusammenhang mit einem Alarm.System according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a storage device for storing data in connection with an alarm. System nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, gekennzeichnet durch Mittel (44-49) zur Erfassung der Position der Greifer von im Müllbunker (1) eingesetzten Kränen (43, 43').System according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by means (44-49) for detecting the position of the grippers of cranes (43, 43 ') used in the refuse bunker (1). Infrarot-Kamera (11, 12) für das Brandüberwachungssystem (21) nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, gekennzeichnet durch eine in einem doppelwandigen Gehäuse (61) angeordnete Wärmebildkamera (62) und am Gehäuse angeordneten Ein- und Auslassöffnungen (65, 66) für Spühlluft.Infrared camera (11, 12) for the fire monitoring system (21) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a thermal imaging camera (62) arranged in a double-walled housing (61) and inlet and outlet openings (65, 66) for flushing air arranged on the housing . Infrarot-Kamera nach Anspruch 8, gekennzeichnet durch einen Ein- und Auslass (71, 75) für Kühlwasser, wobei der Auslass für Kühlwasser mit einem temperaturgeführten Ventil (74) versehen ist, das bei einer vorbestimmten Temperaturerhöhung von der Geschlossen- in die Offenstellung übergeführt wird.Infrared camera according to claim 8, characterized by an inlet and outlet (71, 75) for cooling water, the outlet for cooling water being provided with a temperature-controlled valve (74) which is transferred from the closed to the open position at a predetermined temperature increase becomes. Verfahren zur Brandüberwachung in einem Müllbunker unter Verwendung des Brandüberwachungssystems nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Raumkoordinaten der heissen Stellen an ein zweites System übermittelt werden.Method for fire monitoring in a waste bunker using the fire monitoring system according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the spatial coordinates of the hot spots are transmitted to a second system. Verfahren nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das zweite System aufgrund der übermittelten Raumkoordinaten automatisch einen gezielten Löschvorgang auslöst.A method according to claim 10, characterized in that the second system automatically triggers a targeted deletion process based on the transmitted spatial coordinates.
EP95100580A 1994-03-17 1995-01-18 Fire control system Expired - Lifetime EP0673008B1 (en)

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CH00797/94A CH687653A5 (en) 1994-03-17 1994-03-17 Brandueberwachungssystem.
CH79794 1994-03-17

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CZ285269B6 (en) 1999-06-16
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US5592151A (en) 1997-01-07
CH687653A5 (en) 1997-01-15
NO951004D0 (en) 1995-03-15
CA2144579A1 (en) 1995-09-18
ATE187834T1 (en) 2000-01-15
JPH0822585A (en) 1996-01-23
HU9500779D0 (en) 1995-05-29
FI951231A0 (en) 1995-03-16
FI951231A (en) 1995-09-18
EP0673008B1 (en) 1999-12-15
DE59507405D1 (en) 2000-01-20
CZ67795A3 (en) 1998-02-18

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