EP0672882A1 - Heat exchanger fin - Google Patents

Heat exchanger fin Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0672882A1
EP0672882A1 EP94120181A EP94120181A EP0672882A1 EP 0672882 A1 EP0672882 A1 EP 0672882A1 EP 94120181 A EP94120181 A EP 94120181A EP 94120181 A EP94120181 A EP 94120181A EP 0672882 A1 EP0672882 A1 EP 0672882A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
rib
lugs
passages
ribs
tubes
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP94120181A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0672882B1 (en
Inventor
Werner Dipl.-Ing. Helms (Fh)
Roland Hemminger
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mahle Behr GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Behr GmbH and Co KG
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Publication date
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Publication of EP0672882A1 publication Critical patent/EP0672882A1/en
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Publication of EP0672882B1 publication Critical patent/EP0672882B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
    • F28F1/12—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element
    • F28F1/24—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending transversely
    • F28F1/32—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending transversely the means having portions engaging further tubular elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
    • F28F1/12—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element
    • F28F1/24—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending transversely
    • F28F1/32—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending transversely the means having portions engaging further tubular elements
    • F28F1/325—Fins with openings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2275/00—Fastening; Joining
    • F28F2275/12—Fastening; Joining by methods involving deformation of the elements
    • F28F2275/125—Fastening; Joining by methods involving deformation of the elements by bringing elements together and expanding
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S165/00—Heat exchange
    • Y10S165/454—Heat exchange having side-by-side conduits structure or conduit section
    • Y10S165/50—Side-by-side conduits with fins
    • Y10S165/501—Plate fins penetrated by plural conduits
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S165/00—Heat exchange
    • Y10S165/454—Heat exchange having side-by-side conduits structure or conduit section
    • Y10S165/50—Side-by-side conduits with fins
    • Y10S165/501—Plate fins penetrated by plural conduits
    • Y10S165/502—Lanced
    • Y10S165/503—Angled louvers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/4935—Heat exchanger or boiler making
    • Y10T29/49377—Tube with heat transfer means
    • Y10T29/49378—Finned tube
    • Y10T29/4938—Common fin traverses plurality of tubes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a fin for a heat exchanger according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Such heat exchanger fins were known from DE-A-37 28 969 and also from DE-C-34 23 746.
  • the fin density or so-called fin pitch is decisive for the performance of a heat exchanger - for reasons of constant quality, this specified fin density must therefore be strictly observed, which is why certain spacers are provided for the positioning of the fins on the tubes.
  • the latter can either be formed as tabs protruding from the ribbed sheet, which then also act as turbulence generators, or by angled contact surfaces attached to the ends of the ribbed passages.
  • novel spacers in the form of lugs are partially embossed outwards from the wall of the passage, so that their upper edge forms a contact surface for the rib arranged above them.
  • the fact that several lugs are distributed over the circumference of the passage results in a good and stable support for the next rib.
  • the lugs are also easy to manufacture, since the additional step of folding after pulling through is eliminated.
  • the heat transfer is also ensured because the lugs are only partially provided and thus hardly restrict the heat transfer between the inner surface passage and the outer surface tube.
  • the invention being advantageously usable both for tubes with circular and also oval or elliptical cross sections.
  • the lugs advantageously have the shape of half pyramids or half cones, which are divided in the vertical and which widen upwards, that is to say in the direction of passage.
  • the lower tip of such a nose for example in the form of a half cone, is advantageously arranged somewhat above the fin plane, so that a continuous circumferential contact surface of a certain width is maintained between the tube and the fin passage for good heat transfer.
  • the lugs are embossed in tabs that protrude above the rest of the passage in terms of its height and thus determine the dimension of the rib division, ie the rib spacing.
  • the lugs offset from one another - this enables the maximum height of the tabs to be produced. If the rib spacing is smaller in relation to the pull-through width, the lugs or tabs can also lie opposite one another.
  • the invention also relates to a method for producing the passages with the lugs, which takes place in four or three successive work steps, the lugs being impressed either by a stamp stroke in the direction of passage or in the opposite direction.
  • Figure 1 shows a rib 1 in plan view with flat oval passages 2, which are arranged offset in two rows to one another, wherein each gill panels 3 are arranged between the passages 2.
  • the passages 2 take pipes, not shown, of the same cross section on, which are mechanically expanded compared to these passages and thereby establish the contact necessary for heat conduction or heat transfer.
  • the rib 1 essentially forms a flat surface 4.
  • Each passage 2 has - as will be explained in more detail below - three lugs 8, 9, 10.
  • the rib 1 is preferably made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy and has a thickness of approximately 0.1 mm.
  • Figure 2 shows a section II-II through the rib of Figure 1 in an enlarged form, so that in particular the known inclined gills of the gill panels 3 can be seen. They deflect the air sweeping over the fins, which increases the air-side heat transfer.
  • two passages 2 are shown in the side view, three tabs 5, 6, 7 each being recognizable, into which the lugs 8, 9, 10 are each stamped in the center.
  • the tabs 5, 6, 7 are thus arranged offset from one another, ie the tabs 5 and 7 are located at the front, and the tab 6 is located at the rear, ie on the rear longitudinal side of the passage 2.
  • a passage 2, also enlarged, is shown in FIG. 3 , namely in plan view a as a flat oval shape, from which the lugs 8, 9, 10 are clearly recognizable as bulges in the form of segments of a circle.
  • a dash-dotted line 11 is drawn in the interior of the flat oval passage 2, which delimits a punched-out section 12, so that the passage surface 2 'can be seen in the flat, not yet solid state.
  • Sections c and b of the passage are shown on the right and left of the passage a , the left illustration b showing the centrally arranged tab 6 with the nose 9 and the right illustration c showing the two off-center tabs 5 and 7 with the lugs 8 and 10.
  • the lugs 8, 9, 10 each have an outwardly sloping upper edge 8 ', 9', 10 ', which determines the distance H' (see FIG. 6) of the ribs. It is clear that the height H of the tabs 5, 6, 7 the height h of the rest of the passage exceeds - however, a continuous area 13 of height h is obtained, which rests on all sides on the outer circumference of the tube, so that a closed heat transfer surface is formed between the rib and tube, which also maintains the elastic tension required after expansion.
  • FIGS. 4a, 4b, 4c and 4d now - as already indicated in FIG. 3 by line 11 - show the individual process steps for producing the swipe according to the invention.
  • FIG. 4a shows the ribbed sheet 20 after punching, ie a strip 24 with rounded ends 22, 23 is cut out of the flat ribbed sheet 20 by means of a suitable punch, whereby offset tabs 25, 26, 27 are cut free.
  • FIG. 4b in the subsequent process step, tabs 28, 29, 30 are embossed into these tabs 25, 26, 27 by means of an embossing stamp, which are pyramid-shaped, that is to say are formed from two flat triangular surfaces inclined towards one another.
  • an embossing stamp which are pyramid-shaped, that is to say are formed from two flat triangular surfaces inclined towards one another.
  • the passage is completed, ie the collar 21 is pulled through by means of a stamp, not shown, so that it acquires a cylindrical shape (with a flat oval cross section) and the noses 25 ′′, 26 ′′, 27 ′′ as The triangles protrude outwards, which is made possible by corresponding cutouts 32, 33, 34 in the die.
  • the passages with the molded noses can be produced simply, quickly and with consistent quality.
  • FIGS. 4b and 4c Another method is also possible in which the method steps according to FIGS. 4b and 4c only take place at the end, namely by means of an embossing stamp that enters the finished passage from above.
  • FIG. 5 shows an enlarged section of a tube 40, on which ribs 41 to 45 are “threaded”.
  • This tube 40 is part of a heat exchanger (not shown in more detail), the tube shape and division and fin design of which could correspond to FIG.
  • the ribs 41 to 45 are mechanically joined to the tube 40, ie connected by expanding the tube 40 with respect to the rib passages by means of a metallic press fit. So there is no soldering or gluing, ie material connection is necessary.
  • FIG. 6 shows an enlargement of a section from FIG. 5, namely a part of the tube wall 40 and three rib cutouts 41, 42, 43 which, with their passages 46, 47, 48 of height h, lie closely and circumferentially on the tube 40, while their noses 49, 50 , 51 protrude from the outer wall of the tube 40 and determine the distance H 'between the ribs 41, 42, 43 with its upper edge.
  • the rib spacing H ' is slightly smaller than the height H of the tabs (see FIG. 3b, c) because the rib passage has a transition radius on which the lugs are supported.
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 show the finished tube / fin arrangement, ie after the tube 40 has been expanded in the mechanically finished state of the tube and fin passages.
  • Such fins which are connected to a bundle of parallel tubes, which in turn are received in tube sheets of collecting tanks, are used in particular in heat exchangers for motor vehicles, e.g. as a coolant / air cooler for the engine or as a heating heat exchanger.
  • heat exchangers for motor vehicles, e.g. as a coolant / air cooler for the engine or as a heating heat exchanger.
  • flat oval pipe cross-sections have an advantageous effect with regard to the air-side pressure drop.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Abstract

The vein is fixed crosswise to a network of pipes and has through passages (2) to accommodate the pipes. The pipes has a first pref. fluid medium flowing through them and the veins act upon a second pref. gaseous medium. The veins are positioned by integral spaced binding members. The binding members are formed on the through passages and comprise circumferentially spaced nozzles around the circumference of the through passages. The cross section of the pipe and through passage arrangement is oval or elliptical pref. with an axis ratio of more than 3:1.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Rippe für einen Wärmetauscher nach dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruches 1.The invention relates to a fin for a heat exchanger according to the preamble of claim 1.

Derartige Wärmetauscherrippen wurden durch die DE-A-37 28 969 und auch durch die DE-C-34 23 746 bekannt. Für die Leistung eines Wärmetauschers ist unter anderem seine Rippendichte bzw. sogenannte Rippenteilung (Anzahl der Rippen pro dm) maßgebend - aus Gründen gleichbleibender Qualität ist diese vorgegebene Rippendichte daher genau einzuhalten, weshalb für die Positionierung der Rippen auf den Rohren bestimmte Abstandshalter vorgesehen sind. Letztere können entweder als aus dem Rippenblech herausgestellte Lappen, die dann auch als Turbulenzerzeuger wirken, gebildet werden, oder durch an den Enden der Rippendurchzüge angebrachte abgewinkelte Anlageflächen. Bei der DE-A '969 sind diese Anlageflächen als auf den Umfang verteilte Zungen ausgebildet und bei der DE-C '746 als an den Längsseiten der Ellipsen angeordnete sichelförmige Anlageflächen. Nachteilig bei diesen Ausführungen kann es sein, daß beim Aufweiten der Rohre gegenüber den Rippendurchzügen keine vollständige Anlage mehr zwischen Durchzug und Rohr gewährleistet ist. Im übrigen bedeutet das Umlegen der Anlageflächen einen zusätzlichen Arbeitsgang nach dem Durchziehen.Such heat exchanger fins were known from DE-A-37 28 969 and also from DE-C-34 23 746. Among other things, the fin density or so-called fin pitch (number of fins per dm) is decisive for the performance of a heat exchanger - for reasons of constant quality, this specified fin density must therefore be strictly observed, which is why certain spacers are provided for the positioning of the fins on the tubes. The latter can either be formed as tabs protruding from the ribbed sheet, which then also act as turbulence generators, or by angled contact surfaces attached to the ends of the ribbed passages. In DE-A '969 these contact surfaces are designed as tongues distributed over the circumference and in DE-C' 746 as crescent-shaped contact surfaces arranged on the long sides of the ellipses. It can be a disadvantage of these designs that when the pipes are expanded compared to the finned passages, a complete system between the passageway and the pipe is no longer guaranteed. Otherwise means moving the contact surfaces an additional step after pulling through.

Es ist Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, eine Rippe der eingangs genannten Art derart zu verbessern, daß einerseits eine sichere Abstandshaltung zwischen den Rippen, andererseits ein guter Wärmeübergang zwischen Rohr und Rippen gewährleistet und darüber hinaus eine einfache Herstellung möglich ist.It is an object of the present invention to improve a fin of the type mentioned at the outset in such a way that, on the one hand, a secure spacing between the fins, on the other hand, good heat transfer between the tube and the fins is ensured and, moreover, simple manufacture is possible.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale des Patentanspruches 1 gelöst. Die neuartigen Abstandshalter in Form von Nasen werden partiell aus der Wand des Durchzuges nach außen ausgeprägt, so daß sie mit ihrer Oberkante eine Anlagefläche für die darüber angeordnete Rippe bilden. Dadurch, daß mehrere Nasen auf den Umfang des Durchzuges verteilt sind, ergibt sich eine gute und stabile Abstützung für die nächstfolgende Rippe. Die Nasen sind auch einfach herstellbar, da der zusätzliche Arbeitsgang des Umlegens nach dem Durchziehen entfällt. Auch der Wärmeübergang ist gewährleistet, da die Nasen nur partiell vorgesehen sind und somit den Wärmedurchgang zwischen Innenfläche-Durchzug und Außenfläche-Rohr kaum einschränken.This object is achieved by the characterizing features of patent claim 1. The novel spacers in the form of lugs are partially embossed outwards from the wall of the passage, so that their upper edge forms a contact surface for the rib arranged above them. The fact that several lugs are distributed over the circumference of the passage results in a good and stable support for the next rib. The lugs are also easy to manufacture, since the additional step of folding after pulling through is eliminated. The heat transfer is also ensured because the lugs are only partially provided and thus hardly restrict the heat transfer between the inner surface passage and the outer surface tube.

Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen, wobei die Erfindung sowohl für Rohre mit kreisförmigen als auch ovalen oder elliptischen Querschnitten vorteilhaft anwendbar ist. Die Nasen haben vorteilhafterweise etwa die Form von halben Pyramiden oder halben Kegeln, die in der Senkrechten geteilt sind und die sich nach oben, d.h. in Durchzugsrichtung, erweitern. Vorteilhafterweise ist die untere Spitze einer solchen Nase, z.B. in Form eines halben Kegels, etwas oberhalb der Rippenebene angeordnet, so daß eine durchgehende umlaufende Kontaktfläche bestimmter Breite zwischen Rohr und Rippendurchzug für einen guten Wärmedurchgang erhalten bleibt. Da insofern aus Wärmeübertragungsgründen eine größere Durchzugshöhe nicht erforderlich ist, sind die Nasen in Lappen geprägt, die den übrigen Durchzug hinsichtlich dessen Höhe überragen und somit das Maß der Rippenteilung, d.h. des Rippenabstandes, bestimmen. Bei ovalen oder elliptischen Durchzugsquerschnitten empfiehlt es sich aus herstellungstechnischen Gründen, die Nasen versetzt gegeneinander anzuordnen - dadurch kann die maximale Höhe der Lappen hergestellt werden. Sofern der Rippenabstand in Relation zur Durchzugsbreite geringer ist, können sich die Nasen bzw. Lappen auch gegenüberliegen.Advantageous refinements of the invention result from the subclaims, the invention being advantageously usable both for tubes with circular and also oval or elliptical cross sections. The lugs advantageously have the shape of half pyramids or half cones, which are divided in the vertical and which widen upwards, that is to say in the direction of passage. The lower tip of such a nose, for example in the form of a half cone, is advantageously arranged somewhat above the fin plane, so that a continuous circumferential contact surface of a certain width is maintained between the tube and the fin passage for good heat transfer. Since a larger passage height is not necessary for heat transfer reasons, the lugs are embossed in tabs that protrude above the rest of the passage in terms of its height and thus determine the dimension of the rib division, ie the rib spacing. In the case of oval or elliptical pull-through cross-sections, it is advisable for manufacturing reasons to arrange the lugs offset from one another - this enables the maximum height of the tabs to be produced. If the rib spacing is smaller in relation to the pull-through width, the lugs or tabs can also lie opposite one another.

Schließlich betrifft die Erfindung auch ein Verfahren, um die Durchzüge mit den Nasen herzustellen, was in vier oder drei aufeinanderfolgenden Arbeitsgängen geschieht, wobei die Einprägung der Nasen entweder durch einen Stempelhub in Durchzugsrichtung oder entgegengesetzt erfolgt.Finally, the invention also relates to a method for producing the passages with the lugs, which takes place in four or three successive work steps, the lugs being impressed either by a stamp stroke in the direction of passage or in the opposite direction.

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist in der Zeichnung dargestellt und wird im folgenden näher beschrieben. Es zeigen:

  • Figur 1 eine Rippe in der Draufsicht,
  • Figur 2 die Rippe gemäß Figur 1 im Schnitt, vergrößert,
  • Figur 3 einen Durchzug der Rippe gemäß Figur 1, vergrößert,
  • Figur 4a, 4b, 4c und 4d die einzelnen Verfahrensschritte zur Herstellung des Durchzuges mit Nasen,
  • Figur 5 ein Rohr mit Rippen, vergrößert und
  • Figur 6 ein Detail aus Figur 5: Rohrwand mit Rippendurchzügen.
An embodiment of the invention is shown in the drawing and will be described in more detail below. Show it:
  • FIG. 1 shows a rib in plan view,
  • FIG. 2 shows the rib according to FIG. 1 in section, enlarged,
  • 3 shows a passage of the rib according to FIG. 1, enlarged,
  • 4a, 4b, 4c and 4d the individual process steps for the production of the passage with lugs,
  • Figure 5 is a tube with fins, enlarged and
  • FIG. 6 shows a detail from FIG. 5: tube wall with rib passages.

Figur 1 zeigt eine Rippe 1 in der Draufsicht mit flachovalen Durchzügen 2, die in zwei Reihen versetzt zueinander angeordnet sind, wobei zwischen den Durchzügen 2 jeweils Kiemenfelder 3 angeordnet sind. Die Durchzüge 2 nehmen nicht dargestellte Rohre gleichen Querschnittes auf, welche gegenüber diesen Durchzügen mechanisch aufgeweitet werden und dadurch den für die Wärmeleitung bzw. den Wärmedurchgang notwendigen Kontakt herstellen. Im Bereich, wo keine Kiemenfelder 3 und keine Durchzüge 2 vorgesehen sind, bildet die Rippe 1 im wesentlichen eine ebene Fläche 4. Jeder Durchzug 2 weist - wie unten näher erläutert wird - drei Nasen 8, 9, 10 auf. Die Rippe 1 ist vorzugsweise aus Aluminium bzw. einer Aluminiumlegierung hergestellt und hat eine Dicke von ca. 0,1 mm. Figure 1 shows a rib 1 in plan view with flat oval passages 2, which are arranged offset in two rows to one another, wherein each gill panels 3 are arranged between the passages 2. The passages 2 take pipes, not shown, of the same cross section on, which are mechanically expanded compared to these passages and thereby establish the contact necessary for heat conduction or heat transfer. In the area where no gill panels 3 and no passages 2 are provided, the rib 1 essentially forms a flat surface 4. Each passage 2 has - as will be explained in more detail below - three lugs 8, 9, 10. The rib 1 is preferably made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy and has a thickness of approximately 0.1 mm.

Figur 2 zeigt einen Schnitt II-II durch die Rippe gemäß Figur 1 in vergrößerter Form, so daß insbesondere die an sich bekannten schräggestellten Kiemen der Kiemenfelder 3 erkennbar werden. Sie bewirken eine Umlenkung der die Rippen überstreichenden Luft, wodurch der luftseitige Wärmeübergang erhöht wird. In dieser Darstellung sind zwei Durchzüge 2 in der Seitenansicht dargestellt, wobei jeweils drei Lappen 5, 6, 7 erkennbar sind, in welche die Nasen 8, 9, 10 jeweils mittig eingeprägt sind. Die Lappen 5, 6, 7 sind also gegeneinander versetzt angeordnet, d.h. die Lappen 5 und 7 liegen vorne, und der Lappen 6 liegt hinten, d.h. auf der hinteren Längsseite des Durchzuges 2. Figure 2 shows a section II-II through the rib of Figure 1 in an enlarged form, so that in particular the known inclined gills of the gill panels 3 can be seen. They deflect the air sweeping over the fins, which increases the air-side heat transfer. In this illustration, two passages 2 are shown in the side view, three tabs 5, 6, 7 each being recognizable, into which the lugs 8, 9, 10 are each stamped in the center. The tabs 5, 6, 7 are thus arranged offset from one another, ie the tabs 5 and 7 are located at the front, and the tab 6 is located at the rear, ie on the rear longitudinal side of the passage 2.

In Figur 3 ist ein Durchzug 2, ebenfalls vergrößert, dargestellt, und zwar in der Draufsicht a als flachovale Form, aus der die Nasen 8, 9, 10 als kreissegmentförmige Ausbuchtungen deutlich erkennbar sind. Im Inneren des flachovalen Durchzuges 2 ist eine strichpunktierte Linie 11 eingezeichnet, welche einen ausgestanzten Ausschnitt 12 begrenzt, so daß die Durchzugsfläche 2' im ebenen, noch nicht durchgezogenen Zustand erkennbar ist. Rechts und links des Durchzuges a sind Schnitte c und b des Durchzuges dargestellt, wobei die linke Darstellung b den mittig angeordneten Lappen 6 mit der Nase 9 und die rechte Darstellung c die zwei außermittig angeordneten Lappen 5 und 7 mit den Nasen 8 und 10 zeigt. Die Nasen 8, 9, 10 weisen jeweils eine nach außen abfallende Oberkante 8', 9', 10' auf, die den Abstand H' (vgl. Figur 6) der Rippen bestimmt. Deutlich ist, daß die Höhe H der Lappen 5, 6, 7 die Höhe h des übrigen Durchzuges übersteigt - allerdings ist ein durchgehender Bereich 13 der Höhe h erhalten, der sich allseitig an den Außenumfang des Rohres anlegt, so daß eine geschlossene Wärmedurchgangsfläche zwischen Rippe und Rohr gebildet wird, die darüber hinaus auch die nach dem Aufweiten erforderliche elastische Spannung aufrechterhält.A passage 2, also enlarged, is shown in FIG. 3 , namely in plan view a as a flat oval shape, from which the lugs 8, 9, 10 are clearly recognizable as bulges in the form of segments of a circle. A dash-dotted line 11 is drawn in the interior of the flat oval passage 2, which delimits a punched-out section 12, so that the passage surface 2 'can be seen in the flat, not yet solid state. Sections c and b of the passage are shown on the right and left of the passage a , the left illustration b showing the centrally arranged tab 6 with the nose 9 and the right illustration c showing the two off-center tabs 5 and 7 with the lugs 8 and 10. The lugs 8, 9, 10 each have an outwardly sloping upper edge 8 ', 9', 10 ', which determines the distance H' (see FIG. 6) of the ribs. It is clear that the height H of the tabs 5, 6, 7 the height h of the rest of the passage exceeds - however, a continuous area 13 of height h is obtained, which rests on all sides on the outer circumference of the tube, so that a closed heat transfer surface is formed between the rib and tube, which also maintains the elastic tension required after expansion.

Die Figuren 4a, 4b, 4c und 4d zeigen nun - wie bereits in Figur 3 durch die Linie 11 angedeutet - die einzelnen Verfahrensschritte zur Herstellung des erfindungsgemäßen Durchzuges. Figur 4a zeigt das Rippenblech 20 nach dem Lochen, d.h. aus dem ebenen Rippenblech 20 ist mittels eines geeigneten Lochstempels ein Streifen 24 mit endseitigen Ausrundungen 22, 23, herausgeschnitten, wobei versetzt angeordnete Lappen 25, 26, 27 freigeschnitten sind. Gemäß Figur 4b werden im darauffolgenden Verfahrensschritt in diese Lappen 25, 26, 27 mittels eines Prägestempels Nasen 28, 29, 30 eingeprägt, die pyramidenförmig ausgebildet sind, d.h. aus zwei ebenen gegeneinander geneigten Dreiecksflächen gebildet werden. Beim nächsten Verfahrensschritt, der in Figur 4c dargestellt ist, wird der Durchzug 21 gegen eine Matrize 31 mit entsprechender oval geformter Biegekante eingezogen, d.h. nur "angekippt", so daß die Nasen gerade an der Innenwand der Matrize 31 zur Anlage kommen, aber der übrige Durchzug 21 noch konisch ausgebildet ist. In Figur 4c sind daher die Lappen 25', 26', 27' verkürzt gegenüber Figur 4b dargestellt. FIGS. 4a, 4b, 4c and 4d now - as already indicated in FIG. 3 by line 11 - show the individual process steps for producing the swipe according to the invention. FIG. 4a shows the ribbed sheet 20 after punching, ie a strip 24 with rounded ends 22, 23 is cut out of the flat ribbed sheet 20 by means of a suitable punch, whereby offset tabs 25, 26, 27 are cut free. According to FIG. 4b , in the subsequent process step, tabs 28, 29, 30 are embossed into these tabs 25, 26, 27 by means of an embossing stamp, which are pyramid-shaped, that is to say are formed from two flat triangular surfaces inclined towards one another. In the next process step, which is shown in FIG. 4c , the passage 21 is drawn in against a die 31 with a corresponding oval-shaped bending edge, that is to say only “tilted” so that the lugs come to rest against the inner wall of the die 31, but the rest Passage 21 is still conical. In Figure 4c , the tabs 25 ', 26', 27 'are therefore shown shortened compared to Figure 4b.

Im letzten Verfahrensschritt gemäß Figur 4d wird der Durchzug fertiggestellt, d.h. mittels eines nicht dargestellten Stempels wird der Kragen 21 durchgezogen, so daß er eine zylindrische Form (mit flachovalem Querschnitt) erhält und die Nasen 25'', 26'', 27'' als Dreiecke nach außen abstehen, was durch entsprechende Aussparungen 32, 33, 34 in der Matrize ermöglicht wird. Mit dem beschriebenen Verfahren können die Durchzüge mit den angeformten Nasen einfach, schnell und mit gleichbleibender Qualität hergestellt werden.In the last process step according to FIG. 4d , the passage is completed, ie the collar 21 is pulled through by means of a stamp, not shown, so that it acquires a cylindrical shape (with a flat oval cross section) and the noses 25 ″, 26 ″, 27 ″ as The triangles protrude outwards, which is made possible by corresponding cutouts 32, 33, 34 in the die. With the described method, the passages with the molded noses can be produced simply, quickly and with consistent quality.

Es ist auch ein anderes Verfahren möglich, bei dem die Verfahrensschritte gemäß Figur 4b und 4c erst zum Schluß erfolgen, und zwar durch einen Prägestempel, der von oben in den fertigen Durchzug einfährt.Another method is also possible in which the method steps according to FIGS. 4b and 4c only take place at the end, namely by means of an embossing stamp that enters the finished passage from above.

Figur 5 zeigt vergrößert ein Rohr 40 im Schnitt, auf welches Rippen 41 bis 45 "aufgefädelt" sind. Dieses Rohr 40 ist Teil eines nicht näher dargestellten Wärmetauschers, dessen Rohrform und Teilung sowie Rippenausführung der Figur 1 entsprechen könnte. Wie bereits erwähnt, sind die Rippen 41 bis 45 mechanisch mit dem Rohr 40 gefügt, d.h. durch Aufweiten des Rohres 40 gegenüber den Rippendurchzügen durch einen metallischen Preßsitz verbunden. Es ist also kein Löten oder Kleben, d.h. stoffliche Verbindung notwenig. FIG. 5 shows an enlarged section of a tube 40, on which ribs 41 to 45 are “threaded”. This tube 40 is part of a heat exchanger (not shown in more detail), the tube shape and division and fin design of which could correspond to FIG. As already mentioned, the ribs 41 to 45 are mechanically joined to the tube 40, ie connected by expanding the tube 40 with respect to the rib passages by means of a metallic press fit. So there is no soldering or gluing, ie material connection is necessary.

Figur 6 zeigt eine Ausschnittvergrößerung aus Figur 5, nämlich einen Teil der Rohrwand 40 und drei Rippenausschnitte 41, 42, 43, die mit ihren Durchzügen 46, 47, 48 der Höhe h eng und umlaufend am Rohr 40 anliegen, während ihre Nasen 49, 50, 51 von der Außenwandung des Rohres 40 abstehen und mit ihrer Oberkante den Abstand H' zwischen den Rippen 41, 42, 43 bestimmen. Der Rippenabstand H' ist geringfügig kleiner als die Höhe H der Lappen (vgl. Figur 3b, c), weil der Rippendurchzug einen Übergangsradius aufweist, an welchem die Abstützung der Nasen erfolgt. Beide Figuren 5 und 6 zeigen die fertige Rohr/Rippenanordnung, d.h. nach dem Aufweiten des Rohres 40 im mechanisch fertiggefügten Zustand von Rohr und Rippendurchzügen. FIG. 6 shows an enlargement of a section from FIG. 5, namely a part of the tube wall 40 and three rib cutouts 41, 42, 43 which, with their passages 46, 47, 48 of height h, lie closely and circumferentially on the tube 40, while their noses 49, 50 , 51 protrude from the outer wall of the tube 40 and determine the distance H 'between the ribs 41, 42, 43 with its upper edge. The rib spacing H 'is slightly smaller than the height H of the tabs (see FIG. 3b, c) because the rib passage has a transition radius on which the lugs are supported. Both FIGS. 5 and 6 show the finished tube / fin arrangement, ie after the tube 40 has been expanded in the mechanically finished state of the tube and fin passages.

Derartige Rippen, die mit einem Bündel paralleler Rohre verbunden sind, die wiederum in Rohrböden von Sammelbehältern aufgenommen sind, finden insbesondere bei Wärmetauschern für Kraftfahrzeuge Verwendung, z.B. als Kühlmittel/Luft-Kühler für den Motor oder als Heizungswärmetauscher. Hier wirken sich flachovale Rohrquerschnitte vorteilhaft im Hinblick auf den luftseitigen Druckabfall aus.Such fins, which are connected to a bundle of parallel tubes, which in turn are received in tube sheets of collecting tanks, are used in particular in heat exchangers for motor vehicles, e.g. as a coolant / air cooler for the engine or as a heating heat exchanger. Here, flat oval pipe cross-sections have an advantageous effect with regard to the air-side pressure drop.

Claims (12)

Rippe für einen Wärmetauscher, der im wesentlichen aus einer Matrix von Rohren und quer zu diesen angeordneten Rippen besteht, wobei die Rippen Durchzüge zur Aufnahme mechanisch zu fügender Rohre aufweisen und die Rohre von einem ersten, vorzugsweise flüssigen Medium durchströmt und die Rippen von einem zweiten, vorzugsweise gasförmigen Medium beaufschlagt und durch integrale Abstandshalter in ihrer Rippenteilung positioniert sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Abstandshalter als aus den Durchzügen (2) ausgeprägte, auf deren Umfang verteilte Nasen (8, 9, 10) ausgebildet sind.Rib for a heat exchanger, which essentially consists of a matrix of tubes and ribs arranged transversely to these, the ribs having passages for receiving tubes to be mechanically joined and a first, preferably liquid medium flowing through the tubes and the ribs having a second, preferably pressurized gaseous medium and are positioned by integral spacers in their rib division, characterized in that the spacers are formed as lugs (8, 9, 10) formed from the passages (2) and distributed around their circumference. Rippe nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Querschnitt der Rohre und der Durchzüge (2) kreisförmig ist.Rib according to claim 1, characterized in that the cross section of the tubes and the passages (2) is circular. Rippe nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Querschnitt der Rohre und der Durchzüge (2) oval oder elliptisch, vorzugsweise mit einem Achsenverhältnis von größer als 3 : 1 ist.Rib according to claim 1, characterized in that the cross section of the tubes and the passages (2) is oval or elliptical, preferably with an axial ratio of greater than 3: 1. Rippe nach Anspruch 1, 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Nasen (8, 9, 10) sich in Durchzugsrichtung erweitern und eine obere Anlagekante (8', 9', 10') bilden.Rib according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the lugs (8, 9, 10) widen in the pulling direction and form an upper contact edge (8 ', 9', 10 '). Rippe nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Nasen (8, 9, 10) in rippenparallelen Ebenen einen halbkreis-, kreissegment-, halbellipsen- oder dreieckförmigen Querschnitt aufweisen.Rib according to Claim 4, characterized in that the lugs (8, 9, 10) have a semicircular, circular segment, have semi-elliptical or triangular cross-section. Rippe nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Unterkante der Nasen (8, 9, 10) etwa auf einer Höhe h oberhalb der Rippenebene (4) angeordnet ist und daß damit ein umlaufender, allseits am Rohr anliegender Durchzugsring (13) erhalten bleibt.Rib according to claim 5, characterized in that the lower edge of the lugs (8, 9, 10) is arranged approximately at a height h above the rib plane (4) and that a circumferential pull-through ring (13) lying on all sides of the tube is thus retained. Rippe nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Nasen (8, 9, 10) jeweils aus Lappen (5, 6, 7) ausgeprägt sind, deren Höhe H größer als die Höhe h des übrigen Durchzugs (2) ist.Rib according to claim 6, characterized in that the lugs (8, 9, 10) are each formed from tabs (5, 6, 7), the height H of which is greater than the height h of the rest of the passage (2). Rippe nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche mit Ausnahme von Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Nasen (8, 9, 10) an den Längsseiten des Durchzuges (2) angeordnet sind.Rib according to one of the preceding claims, with the exception of claim 2, characterized in that the lugs (8, 9, 10) are arranged on the longitudinal sides of the passage (2). Rippe nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Nasen (8, 9, 10) versetzt gegeneinander angeordnet sind.Rib according to claim 8, characterized in that the lugs (8, 9, 10) are arranged offset from one another. Verfahren zur Herstellung von Durchzügen für Rippen nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, gekennzeichnet durch folgende Verfahrensschritte: a) In das ebene Rippenblech (4) werden Durchzugsöffnungen (12; 22-23-24) gestanzt, wobei Lappen (25, 26, 27) freigeschnitten werden, b) in die Lappen (25, 26, 27) werden mittels eines in Durchzugsrichtung drückenden Prägestempels Nasen (28, 29, 30) geprägt, c) die Lappen (25, 26, 27) mit den nach außen geprägten Nasen (28, 29, 30) werden mittels Stempel und Matrize eingezogen und angekippt, und d) der gesamte Durchzug, d.h. Kragen (21) mit Lappen (25, 26, 27) wird fertig durchgezogen. Process for the production of passages for ribs according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by the following process steps: a) through openings (12; 22-23-24) are punched into the flat ribbed sheet (4), rags (25, 26, 27) being cut free, b) lugs (28, 29, 30) are embossed into the tabs (25, 26, 27) by means of an embossing stamp which presses in the pulling direction, c) the tabs (25, 26, 27) with the outwardly embossed noses (28, 29, 30) are drawn in and tilted by means of a stamp and die, and d) the entire passage, ie collar (21) with rag (25, 26, 27) is pulled through completely. Verfahren zur Herstellung von Durchzügen für Rippen nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, gekennzeichnet durch folgende Verfahrensschritte: a) In das ebene Rippenblech (4) werden Durchzugsöffnungen gestanzt und Lappen freigeschnitten, b) der gesamte Durchzug, d.h. Kragen mit Lappen, wird zu einer zylindrischen Form durchgezogen, c) die Nasen werden durch einen Prägestempel, der von oben in das freie Ende des Durchzuges fährt, eingeprägt. Process for the production of passages for ribs according to one of Claims 1 to 9, characterized by the following process steps: a) Pull-through openings are punched into the flat rib plate (4) and flaps are cut free, b) the entire passage, ie collar with rag, is pulled into a cylindrical shape, c) the lugs are embossed by an embossing stamp which moves from above into the free end of the passage. Wärmetauscher, der im wesentlichen aus einer Matrix von Rohren und quer zu diesen angeordneten Rippen besteht, wobei die Rippen Durchzüge zur Aufnahme der mechanisch gefügten Rohre aufweisen und die Rohre von einem ersten, vorzugsweise flüssigen Medium durchströmt und die Rippen von einem zweiten, vorzugsweise gasförmigen Medium beaufschlagt und durch integrale Abstandshalter in ihrer Rippenteilung positioniert sind, gekennzeichnet durch Rippen nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche.Heat exchanger which consists essentially of a matrix of tubes and ribs arranged transversely to these, the ribs having passages for receiving the mechanically joined tubes and a first, preferably liquid medium flowing through the tubes and the ribs having a second, preferably gaseous medium acted upon and positioned by integral spacers in their rib division, characterized by ribs according to one of the preceding claims.
EP94120181A 1994-02-16 1994-12-20 Heat exchanger fin Expired - Lifetime EP0672882B1 (en)

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US5706695A (en) 1998-01-13
EP0672882B1 (en) 1998-10-07
ES2123089T3 (en) 1999-01-01
US5582244A (en) 1996-12-10

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