EP0672877A1 - Kryogenische Lufttrennung - Google Patents

Kryogenische Lufttrennung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0672877A1
EP0672877A1 EP95300488A EP95300488A EP0672877A1 EP 0672877 A1 EP0672877 A1 EP 0672877A1 EP 95300488 A EP95300488 A EP 95300488A EP 95300488 A EP95300488 A EP 95300488A EP 0672877 A1 EP0672877 A1 EP 0672877A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gear
compressor
common
driving
expander
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP95300488A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Brian Anthony Keenan
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BOC Group Ltd
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BOC Group Ltd
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Publication of EP0672877A1 publication Critical patent/EP0672877A1/de
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04406—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a dual pressure main column system
    • F25J3/04412—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a dual pressure main column system in a classical double column flowsheet, i.e. with thermal coupling by a main reboiler-condenser in the bottom of low pressure respectively top of high pressure column
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D15/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
    • F01D15/12—Combinations with mechanical gearing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D25/00—Pumping installations or systems
    • F04D25/16—Combinations of two or more pumps ; Producing two or more separate gas flows
    • F04D25/163—Combinations of two or more pumps ; Producing two or more separate gas flows driven by a common gearing arrangement
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04012—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of warm gaseous streams; details of intake or interstage cooling
    • F25J3/04018—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of warm gaseous streams; details of intake or interstage cooling of main feed air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04012—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of warm gaseous streams; details of intake or interstage cooling
    • F25J3/04024—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of warm gaseous streams; details of intake or interstage cooling of purified feed air, so-called boosted air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04109—Arrangements of compressors and /or their drivers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04109—Arrangements of compressors and /or their drivers
    • F25J3/04115—Arrangements of compressors and /or their drivers characterised by the type of prime driver, e.g. hot gas expander
    • F25J3/04133—Electrical motor as the prime mechanical driver
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04109—Arrangements of compressors and /or their drivers
    • F25J3/04139—Combination of different types of drivers mechanically coupled to the same compressor, possibly split on multiple compressor casings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
    • F25J3/04284—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams
    • F25J3/0429—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams of feed air, e.g. used as waste or product air or expanded into an auxiliary column
    • F25J3/04296—Claude expansion, i.e. expanded into the main or high pressure column
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
    • F25J3/04284—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams
    • F25J3/0429—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams of feed air, e.g. used as waste or product air or expanded into an auxiliary column
    • F25J3/04303—Lachmann expansion, i.e. expanded into oxygen producing or low pressure column
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
    • F25J3/04284—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams
    • F25J3/04309—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams of nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
    • F25J3/04284—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams
    • F25J3/04309—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams of nitrogen
    • F25J3/04315—Lowest pressure or impure nitrogen, so-called waste nitrogen expansion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
    • F25J3/04375—Details relating to the work expansion, e.g. process parameter etc.
    • F25J3/04381—Details relating to the work expansion, e.g. process parameter etc. using work extraction by mechanical coupling of compression and expansion so-called companders
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
    • F25J3/04375—Details relating to the work expansion, e.g. process parameter etc.
    • F25J3/04393—Details relating to the work expansion, e.g. process parameter etc. using multiple or multistage gas work expansion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2200/00—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
    • F25J2200/20—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification in an elevated pressure multiple column system wherein the lowest pressure column is at a pressure well above the minimum pressure needed to overcome pressure drop to reject the products to atmosphere
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
    • F25J2230/20—Integrated compressor and process expander; Gear box arrangement; Multiple compressors on a common shaft
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2240/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for expanding of process streams
    • F25J2240/02—Expansion of a process fluid in a work-extracting turbine (i.e. isentropic expansion), e.g. of the feed stream
    • F25J2240/12—Expansion of a process fluid in a work-extracting turbine (i.e. isentropic expansion), e.g. of the feed stream the fluid being nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2250/00—Details related to the use of reboiler-condensers
    • F25J2250/30—External or auxiliary boiler-condenser in general, e.g. without a specified fluid or one fluid is not a primary air component or an intermediate fluid
    • F25J2250/42—One fluid being nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
    • F25J2290/62—Details of storing a fluid in a tank

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to cryogenic air separation and relates particularly, but not exclusively, to the operation of expander turbine driven compressors used in such a process.
  • a typical cryogenic air separation unit comprises a number of compressors for compressing incoming air, a number of compressors for compressing nitrogen and a number of expander turbines used for expanding compressed air or nitrogen so as to lower the temperature and pressure thereof prior to its supply to one or other of the high pressure or low pressure distillation columns or heat exchangers. It is well known to use some of the energy released during gas expansion in the expander turbines to drive a compressor stage, however, in certain arrangements the power available from the expander turbine is insufficient to meet the requirements of the compressor. Additionally, in some arrangements, it is not possible to individually load each turbine. Also in some arrangements a small flow of nitrogen is required resulting in expensive standalone compressors
  • the present invention provides a cryogenic air separation apparatus comprising two or more compression stages and two or more expander turbines in which said two or more expander turbines are linked in series or parallel to drive one or more compressor stages.
  • said expander turbines are linked to said compressor via a common (bull) gear, each expander turbine having an output (driving) gear for driving said common gear and said one or more compressors having an input gear driven by said common (bull) gear.
  • said common (bull) gear comprises an externally toothed gear and said compressor input gear is driven from the same external teeth.
  • the apparatus further includes a motor for driving said common gear so as to drive said compressor as and when desired.
  • the apparatus further includes a generator driven from said common gear as and when desired.
  • the apparatus may include a clutch or fluid coupling to disconnect the motor or generator when desired.
  • the motor may act as a generator.
  • an expander turbine may be driven by gas expanded from a liquid state or by gas taken at pressure from a condenser column.
  • the liquid gas comprises liquid product or liquid by-product.
  • a cryogenic air separation unit (ASU) 10 comprises a number of compression stages 12, 14, 16 for compressing incoming air A and a number of expander turbines 18, 20, 22 for expanding compressed air so as to reduce its temperature to that required in various stages of the cryogenic distillation process. Further components include a heat exchanger 24 and high and low pressure condenser columns 26, 28.
  • Air is compressed in one or more compression stages 12 and part is passed through heat exchanger 24 and then direct to the high pressure column 26 so as to produce 'strip' nitrogen for the low pressure column.
  • Surplus air is compressed by compression stage 14 and then split with part being directed to expansion turbine 18 for expansion and cooling therein prior to its introduction into the low pressure rectification column.
  • Surplus air from compression stage 14 is directed to a compression stage 16, passed through heat exchanger 24 but removed part way therethrough and passed to expansion turbine 20 prior to being passed to the high pressure column where it supplements the airflow from compression stage 12.
  • a supplementary turbine 22 driven by an expanded source of liquid product or by-product 30 may be provided for reasons which will be explained in detail late herein.
  • a turbine 17 may be provided for expanding high pressure nitrogen directly from one or other of the two columns.
  • the compressors 12, 14, 16 and turbines 18, 20, 22 are provided with respective driven and driving gears 32, 36 connected in a manner described below.
  • FIG. 2 it will be seen that the driving gear 32 of one or other of the compressors 12, 14, 16 (hereinafter referred to as the compressor 12) is engaged for being driven by a bull or common gear 34.
  • Two or more of the expander turbines 18, 20, 22 are connected for driving the bull gear 34 via driving gears 36.
  • One or other of the output gears 36 may form the input gear 32 of the compressor 12.
  • the third expansion turbine 22 is added to the driving force and connected for driving the bull gear 34 via output gear 36.
  • a further additional feature is shown in Figure 4 and comprises an optional motor/generator combination 38, 40.
  • Such components may be provided either separately or together and when provided together may be provided as individual units or combined together as one motor/generator combination and may include a clutch or fluid coupling 19 to disconnect the motor/generator
  • Operation of the present apparatus is simple with two or more turbines 18, 20, 22 driving bull gear 34 which in turn drives compressor 12 and/or compressor 14, 16, 17.
  • the combined output from the turbines being sufficient to drive the compressor.
  • Supplementary turbines 17 and 22 are added in the Figure 3 embodiment and acts to boost the driving force as and when desired by allowing expanded product or by-product gas to pass therethrough so as to drive the turbines 17, 22 and its associated driving gear 36 in a manner which facilitates the driving of bull gear 34.
  • the provision of the motor/generator combination shown in Figure 4, allows the motor to be used to boost the driving force of the turbines when the driving force is undesirably reduced, such as, for example when the ASU plant is turned down.
  • power may be generated by driving generator 40 directly form bull gear 34.
  • the bullgear may be connected to the motor generator 38, 40 by a clutch or fluid coupling which may be used to disconnect the motor generator when the expander power matches the compressor power and power balance is achieved.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
EP95300488A 1994-03-15 1995-01-26 Kryogenische Lufttrennung Withdrawn EP0672877A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9404991A GB9404991D0 (en) 1994-03-15 1994-03-15 Cryogenic air separation
GB9404991 1994-03-15

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0672877A1 true EP0672877A1 (de) 1995-09-20

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EP95300488A Withdrawn EP0672877A1 (de) 1994-03-15 1995-01-26 Kryogenische Lufttrennung

Country Status (9)

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EP (1) EP0672877A1 (de)
AU (1) AU1231595A (de)
CA (1) CA2142440A1 (de)
CZ (1) CZ65095A3 (de)
GB (1) GB9404991D0 (de)
HU (1) HU9500720D0 (de)
PL (1) PL307668A1 (de)
SK (1) SK32095A3 (de)
ZA (1) ZA951696B (de)

Cited By (21)

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US5901579A (en) * 1998-04-03 1999-05-11 Praxair Technology, Inc. Cryogenic air separation system with integrated machine compression
US5924307A (en) * 1997-05-19 1999-07-20 Praxair Technology, Inc. Turbine/motor (generator) driven booster compressor
US6116027A (en) * 1998-09-29 2000-09-12 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Supplemental air supply for an air separation system
EP1193457A1 (de) * 2000-09-27 2002-04-03 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Kombinierte Verdichtung von Hauptluftstrom und Produktstrom zur Tieftemperaturluftzerlegung
EP1205721A1 (de) * 2000-11-02 2002-05-15 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung einer Tieftemperaturflüssigkeit
EP1213552A1 (de) * 2000-12-06 2002-06-12 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Maschinensystem zur arbeitsleistenden Entspannung zweier Prozess-Ströme
EP1284403A1 (de) * 2001-08-09 2003-02-19 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung von Sauerstoff durch Tieftemperatur-Zerlegung von Luft
EP1302668A1 (de) * 2001-10-09 2003-04-16 The Boc Group, Inc. Verdichter
EP1411308A2 (de) * 2002-10-18 2004-04-21 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Kältekreislaufgerät
WO2007104449A1 (de) * 2006-03-15 2007-09-20 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Vefahren und vorrichtung zur tieftemperaturzerlegung von luft
EP2366874A1 (de) * 2010-03-16 2011-09-21 Samsung Techwin Co., Ltd Turbinensystem mit verschiedenen unabhängigen Kompressoren und Turbinen
EP2369281A1 (de) * 2010-03-09 2011-09-28 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Tieftemperaturzerlegung von Luft
WO2012015546A1 (en) 2010-07-30 2012-02-02 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Systems and methods for using multiple cryogenic hydraulic turbines
CN102758653A (zh) * 2011-04-28 2012-10-31 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 一种多级向心透平系统
EP2902737A2 (de) 2014-01-24 2015-08-05 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Systeme und Verfahren zur Kompression von Luft
WO2016137538A1 (en) * 2015-02-24 2016-09-01 Praxair Technology, Inc. System and method for integrated air separation and liquefaction
CN108223031A (zh) * 2017-12-26 2018-06-29 王尚锦 S-co2布雷顿循环透平、压缩机和发电机一体式机组
US10036265B2 (en) 2013-06-28 2018-07-31 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Compressor Corporation Axial flow expander
US10385832B2 (en) 2013-06-28 2019-08-20 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Systems and methods of utilizing axial flow expanders
CN110985337A (zh) * 2019-12-02 2020-04-10 东方电气集团东方汽轮机有限公司 一种一体式驱动机组及其运行方法
EP3719427A4 (de) * 2017-11-29 2021-12-01 L'AIR LIQUIDE, Société Anonyme pour l'Etude et l'Exploitation des Procédés Georges Claude Kryogenes destillationsverfahren und vorrichtung zur erzeugung von druckluft mittels eines expander-boosters in verbindung mit einem stickstoff-expander zum bremsen

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EP0592803A1 (de) * 1992-10-15 1994-04-20 MAN Gutehoffnungshütte Aktiengesellschaft Getriebe-Mehrwellenturbokompressor mit Rückführstufen und Radialexpander

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EP0592803A1 (de) * 1992-10-15 1994-04-20 MAN Gutehoffnungshütte Aktiengesellschaft Getriebe-Mehrwellenturbokompressor mit Rückführstufen und Radialexpander

Cited By (29)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5924307A (en) * 1997-05-19 1999-07-20 Praxair Technology, Inc. Turbine/motor (generator) driven booster compressor
US5901579A (en) * 1998-04-03 1999-05-11 Praxair Technology, Inc. Cryogenic air separation system with integrated machine compression
US6116027A (en) * 1998-09-29 2000-09-12 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Supplemental air supply for an air separation system
EP1193457A1 (de) * 2000-09-27 2002-04-03 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Kombinierte Verdichtung von Hauptluftstrom und Produktstrom zur Tieftemperaturluftzerlegung
US6393865B1 (en) * 2000-09-27 2002-05-28 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Combined service main air/product compressor
US6484533B1 (en) 2000-11-02 2002-11-26 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Method and apparatus for the production of a liquid cryogen
EP1205721A1 (de) * 2000-11-02 2002-05-15 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung einer Tieftemperaturflüssigkeit
EP1213552A1 (de) * 2000-12-06 2002-06-12 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Maschinensystem zur arbeitsleistenden Entspannung zweier Prozess-Ströme
EP1284403A1 (de) * 2001-08-09 2003-02-19 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung von Sauerstoff durch Tieftemperatur-Zerlegung von Luft
EP1302668A1 (de) * 2001-10-09 2003-04-16 The Boc Group, Inc. Verdichter
EP1411308A2 (de) * 2002-10-18 2004-04-21 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Kältekreislaufgerät
EP1411308A3 (de) * 2002-10-18 2004-06-30 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Kältekreislaufgerät
US6945066B2 (en) 2002-10-18 2005-09-20 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Refrigeration cycle apparatus
WO2007104449A1 (de) * 2006-03-15 2007-09-20 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Vefahren und vorrichtung zur tieftemperaturzerlegung von luft
EP2369281A1 (de) * 2010-03-09 2011-09-28 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Tieftemperaturzerlegung von Luft
EP2366874A1 (de) * 2010-03-16 2011-09-21 Samsung Techwin Co., Ltd Turbinensystem mit verschiedenen unabhängigen Kompressoren und Turbinen
US8745991B2 (en) 2010-03-16 2014-06-10 Samsung Techwin Co., Ltd. Turbine system
WO2012015546A1 (en) 2010-07-30 2012-02-02 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Systems and methods for using multiple cryogenic hydraulic turbines
US11644234B2 (en) 2010-07-30 2023-05-09 ExxonMobil Technology and Enginering Company Systems and methods for using multiple cryogenic hydraulic turbines
US10648729B2 (en) 2010-07-30 2020-05-12 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Systems and methods for using multiple cryogenic hydraulic turbines
CN102758653A (zh) * 2011-04-28 2012-10-31 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 一种多级向心透平系统
CN102758653B (zh) * 2011-04-28 2015-06-24 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 一种多级向心透平系统
US10036265B2 (en) 2013-06-28 2018-07-31 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Compressor Corporation Axial flow expander
US10385832B2 (en) 2013-06-28 2019-08-20 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Systems and methods of utilizing axial flow expanders
EP2902737A2 (de) 2014-01-24 2015-08-05 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Systeme und Verfahren zur Kompression von Luft
WO2016137538A1 (en) * 2015-02-24 2016-09-01 Praxair Technology, Inc. System and method for integrated air separation and liquefaction
EP3719427A4 (de) * 2017-11-29 2021-12-01 L'AIR LIQUIDE, Société Anonyme pour l'Etude et l'Exploitation des Procédés Georges Claude Kryogenes destillationsverfahren und vorrichtung zur erzeugung von druckluft mittels eines expander-boosters in verbindung mit einem stickstoff-expander zum bremsen
CN108223031A (zh) * 2017-12-26 2018-06-29 王尚锦 S-co2布雷顿循环透平、压缩机和发电机一体式机组
CN110985337A (zh) * 2019-12-02 2020-04-10 东方电气集团东方汽轮机有限公司 一种一体式驱动机组及其运行方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
SK32095A3 (en) 1995-10-11
HU9500720D0 (en) 1995-05-29
CZ65095A3 (en) 1996-01-17
PL307668A1 (en) 1995-09-18
CA2142440A1 (en) 1995-09-16
GB9404991D0 (en) 1994-04-27
ZA951696B (en) 1996-02-08
AU1231595A (en) 1995-09-21

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