CZ65095A3 - Apparatus for cryogenic separation of air - Google Patents

Apparatus for cryogenic separation of air Download PDF

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Publication number
CZ65095A3
CZ65095A3 CZ95650A CZ65095A CZ65095A3 CZ 65095 A3 CZ65095 A3 CZ 65095A3 CZ 95650 A CZ95650 A CZ 95650A CZ 65095 A CZ65095 A CZ 65095A CZ 65095 A3 CZ65095 A3 CZ 65095A3
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CZ
Czechia
Prior art keywords
gear
compressor
expansion
main gear
driven
Prior art date
Application number
CZ95650A
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Czech (cs)
Inventor
Brian Anthony Keenan
Original Assignee
Boc Group Plc
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Publication date
Application filed by Boc Group Plc filed Critical Boc Group Plc
Publication of CZ65095A3 publication Critical patent/CZ65095A3/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04406—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a dual pressure main column system
    • F25J3/04412—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a dual pressure main column system in a classical double column flowsheet, i.e. with thermal coupling by a main reboiler-condenser in the bottom of low pressure respectively top of high pressure column
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D15/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
    • F01D15/12—Combinations with mechanical gearing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D25/00—Pumping installations or systems
    • F04D25/16—Combinations of two or more pumps ; Producing two or more separate gas flows
    • F04D25/163—Combinations of two or more pumps ; Producing two or more separate gas flows driven by a common gearing arrangement
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04012—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of warm gaseous streams; details of intake or interstage cooling
    • F25J3/04018—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of warm gaseous streams; details of intake or interstage cooling of main feed air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04012—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of warm gaseous streams; details of intake or interstage cooling
    • F25J3/04024—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of warm gaseous streams; details of intake or interstage cooling of purified feed air, so-called boosted air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04109—Arrangements of compressors and /or their drivers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04109—Arrangements of compressors and /or their drivers
    • F25J3/04115—Arrangements of compressors and /or their drivers characterised by the type of prime driver, e.g. hot gas expander
    • F25J3/04133—Electrical motor as the prime mechanical driver
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04109—Arrangements of compressors and /or their drivers
    • F25J3/04139—Combination of different types of drivers mechanically coupled to the same compressor, possibly split on multiple compressor casings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
    • F25J3/04284—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams
    • F25J3/0429—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams of feed air, e.g. used as waste or product air or expanded into an auxiliary column
    • F25J3/04296—Claude expansion, i.e. expanded into the main or high pressure column
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
    • F25J3/04284—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams
    • F25J3/0429—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams of feed air, e.g. used as waste or product air or expanded into an auxiliary column
    • F25J3/04303—Lachmann expansion, i.e. expanded into oxygen producing or low pressure column
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
    • F25J3/04284—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams
    • F25J3/04309—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams of nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
    • F25J3/04284—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams
    • F25J3/04309—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams of nitrogen
    • F25J3/04315—Lowest pressure or impure nitrogen, so-called waste nitrogen expansion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
    • F25J3/04375—Details relating to the work expansion, e.g. process parameter etc.
    • F25J3/04381—Details relating to the work expansion, e.g. process parameter etc. using work extraction by mechanical coupling of compression and expansion so-called companders
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
    • F25J3/04375—Details relating to the work expansion, e.g. process parameter etc.
    • F25J3/04393—Details relating to the work expansion, e.g. process parameter etc. using multiple or multistage gas work expansion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2200/00—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
    • F25J2200/20—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification in an elevated pressure multiple column system wherein the lowest pressure column is at a pressure well above the minimum pressure needed to overcome pressure drop to reject the products to atmosphere
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
    • F25J2230/20—Integrated compressor and process expander; Gear box arrangement; Multiple compressors on a common shaft
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2240/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for expanding of process streams
    • F25J2240/02—Expansion of a process fluid in a work-extracting turbine (i.e. isentropic expansion), e.g. of the feed stream
    • F25J2240/12—Expansion of a process fluid in a work-extracting turbine (i.e. isentropic expansion), e.g. of the feed stream the fluid being nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2250/00—Details related to the use of reboiler-condensers
    • F25J2250/30—External or auxiliary boiler-condenser in general, e.g. without a specified fluid or one fluid is not a primary air component or an intermediate fluid
    • F25J2250/42—One fluid being nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
    • F25J2290/62—Details of storing a fluid in a tank

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)

Abstract

A cryogenic air separation unit (10) comprises a number of compression stages (12, 14, 16) at least one of which is driven by two or more expander turbines (18, 20, 22) acting in parallel or series and linked for driving one or more compression stages (12) via a common or bull gear (34). One of said compression stages (12) may be linked directly to one of the expander turbines (18) via a gear (32, 36) which acts to form the output gear of the turbine and the input gear of the compressor. <IMAGE>

Description

1 Vynález se týká zařízení pro kryogenní oddělování vzduchu a zejména, ale ne výlučně, provozu expansních turbin pohánějících kompresory použité v takovémto procesu. 1 This invention relates to cryogenic air separation and, in particular, but not exclusively, to the operation of expander turbine driven compressors used in such a process.

Dosavadní stav technikyBACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Typická jednotka pro kryogenní oddělování vzduchu obsahuje jistý počet kompresorů pro stlačení vstupujícího vzduchu, jistý počet kompresorů pro stlačení dusíku a jistý počet expansních turbin použitých k expandování stlačeného vzduchu nebo dusíku tak, aby se snížila jejich teplota a tlak před jejich přivedení do některé z vysokotlakých nebo nízkotlakých kolon nebo výměníků tepla. Všeobecně je známo použití určité části.energie uvolněné při expansi plynu v expansních turbinách k pohonu kompresorového stupně, avšak v určitých uspořádáních poskytnutý výkon expansní turbiny nesplňuje dostatečně požadavky kompresoru. Kromě toho v některých uspořádáních nelze samostatně *» napájet každou turbinu. V některých uspořádáních je rovněž požadován malý proud dusíku, což zdražuje samostatné kompresory.A typical cryogenic air separation unit comprises a number of compressors for compressing inlet air, a number of compressors for compressing nitrogen, and a number of expansion turbines used to expand the compressed air or nitrogen to reduce their temperature and pressure before introducing them to one of the high pressure or low pressure columns or heat exchangers. It is generally known to use some of the energy released by gas expansion in the expansion turbines to drive the compressor stage, but in certain arrangements the expansion turbine power provided does not sufficiently meet the requirements of the compressor. In addition, in some configurations, each turbine cannot be powered separately. In some configurations, a small stream of nitrogen is also required, which increases the cost of separate compressors.

Úkolem předloženého vynálezu je vytvořit zařízení pro kryogenní oddělování vzduchu, které by snižovalo a pokud možno odstranilo oba nebo jeden ze shora zmíněných problémů.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide a device for cryogenic air separation which reduces and preferably eliminates both or one of the above-mentioned problems.

Podstata vynálezuSUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Předmětem vynálezu je zařízení pro kryogenní oddělovaní vzduchu, jehož podstatou je, ž e obsahuje dva nebo větší počet kompresních stupňů a dvě nebo větší počet expansních turbin, z nichž dvě nebo více expansních turbin je zapojeno v sérii nebo paralelně pro pohon jednoho nebo více kompresních stupňů.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides a cryogenic air separation device comprising two or more compression stages and two or more expansion turbines, two or more expansion turbines being connected in series or parallel to drive one or more compression stages. .

Expansní turbiny jsou výhodně spojeny s kompresorem pomocí hlavního převodu, přičemž každá expansní turbina je opatřena výstupním převodem pro pohon hlavního převodu a uvedený kompresor nebo kompresory jsou opatřeny vstupním převodem, který je poháněn hlavním převodem.The expansion turbines are preferably coupled to the compressor by means of a main gear, wherein each expansion turbine is provided with an output gear for driving the main gear, and said compressor or compressors are provided with an input gear that is driven by the main gear.

Společný hlavní převod je výhodně tvořen soukolím s vnějšími zuby a vstupní převod kompresoru je poháněn tímtéž vnějším ozubením.The common main gear is preferably formed by a gear with external teeth and the compressor inlet gear is driven by the same external toothing.

Zařízení s výhodou obsahuje motor k pohonu hlavního převodu tak, že uvedený kompresor lze pohánět jen, když je to třeba.Preferably, the apparatus comprises a motor for driving the main transmission such that said compressor can be driven only when necessary.

Zejména užitečné je uspořádání, ve kterém zařízení obsahuje generátor poháněný z hlavního převodu, je-li to zapotřebí. Zařízení může také obsahovat spoj- r ku nebo kapalinovou spojku k odpojení motoru nebo generátoru v případě potřeby.Particularly useful is an arrangement in which the apparatus comprises a generator driven from the main gear, if necessary. The device may also include a clutch or a fluid clutch to disconnect the engine or generator if necessary.

Za určitých provozních podmínek může motor pracovat jako generátor.Under certain operating conditions, the motor can operate as a generator.

Za určitých okolností expansní turbina může být poháněna plynem expansí z tekutého stavu nebo plynem odebíraným pod tlakem z kondenzační kolony.In certain circumstances, the expansion turbine may be driven by a liquid expansion gas or a pressurized gas from a condensation column.

Kapalný plyn s výhodou obsahuje kapalný produkt nebo kapalný vedlejší produkt.Preferably, the liquid gas comprises a liquid product or a liquid by-product.

Přehled obrázků na výkresechBRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Předložený vynález bude dále popsán se zřetelem k připojeným vyobrazením jak následuje:The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings as follows:

Obr. 1 je schematické znázornění jednotky pro kryogenní oddělování vzduchu včetně znaků dle vynálezu,Giant. 1 is a schematic representation of a cryogenic air separation unit including features of the invention;

Obr. 2, 3 a 4 znázorňují tři alternativní uspořádání podle vynálezu.Giant. 2, 3 and 4 show three alternative arrangements according to the invention.

Příklady provedení vynálezuDETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Zařízení podle vynálezu znázorněné v Obr. 1 je tvořeno větším počtem kompresních stupňů 12, 14,16 pro stlačení vstupního vzduchu A a větším počtem expansních turbin 18, 20, 22 pro expansi stlačeného vzduchu tak, aby se jeho teplota snížila na hodnotu požadovanou v různých stupních kryogenního destilačního procesu.The device according to the invention shown in FIG. 1 consists of a plurality of compression stages 12, 14, 16 for compressing the inlet air A and a plurality of expansion turbines 18, 20, 22 for expanding the compressed air so as to reduce its temperature to the value required in the various stages of the cryogenic distillation process.

Další složky obsahují výměník tepla 24 a vysokotlaké a nízkotlaké kondenzační kolony 26, 28. Skutečná činnost jednotky 10 pro kryogenní oddělování vzduchu není dílčí součástí předložené přihlášky a proto není podrobně popsána, nicméně je dále připojeno stručné vysvětlení pro snažší porozumnění přiloženému Obr. 1. Vzduch je stlačen v jednom nebo větším počtu kompresních stuňů 12 a částečně prochází výměníkem tepla 24., načež je směrován do vysokotlaké kolony 26 tak, že je zbaven dusíku pro nízkotlakou kolonu. Nadbytečný vzduch je stlačen kompresním stupněm 14 a potom rozštěpen na část směřující do expansní turbiny 18 k expansi a současnému ochlazení dříve než je zaveden do nízkotlaké rektifikační kolony. Přebytečný vzduch z kompresního stupně 14 je směrován do kompresního stupně 16, prochází výměníkem tepla· 24, ale je v něm částečně oddělen a přiveden do expansní, turbiny 20 před tím než je zaveden do vysokotlaké kolony, kde je přidán k proudu vzduchu z kompresního stupně 12. Přídavná turbina 22 poháněná expansním zdrojem tekutého produktu nebo vedlejšího produktu 30 může být instalována z důvodů, které budou dále podrobněji vysvětleny. Alternativně je možno instalovat turbinu 17 pro expansi vysokotlakého dusíku přímo z jedné nebo druhé ze dvou kolon. Kompresory 12, 14, 16 a turbiny 18, 20, 22 jsou instalovány pro příslušné pohony a hnací převody 32, 36 připojené způsobem, který bude dále popsán.Other components include a heat exchanger 24 and high and low pressure condensation columns 26, 28. The actual operation of the cryogenic air separation unit 10 is not a part of the present application and is therefore not described in detail, but a brief explanation is provided below to facilitate understanding. The air is compressed in one or more compression ribs 12 and partially passes through a heat exchanger 24, then directed to the high pressure column 26 so as to be free of nitrogen for the low pressure column. The excess air is compressed by compression stage 14 and then split into a portion directed to the expansion turbine 18 to expand and simultaneously cool before being introduced into the low pressure rectification column. Excess air from the compression stage 14 is directed to the compression stage 16, passes through the heat exchanger 24, but is partially separated there and fed to the expansion turbine 20 before being introduced into the high pressure column where it is added to the air flow from the compression stage An auxiliary turbine 22 driven by an expansion source of the liquid product or by-product 30 may be installed for reasons that will be explained in more detail below. Alternatively, a high pressure nitrogen expansion turbine 17 may be installed directly from one or the other of the two columns. Compressors 12, 14, 16 and turbines 18, 20, 22 are installed for respective drives and drive gears 32, 36 coupled in the manner described below.

Předložený způsob provozního pohonu kompresoru je pravděpodobně nejlépe znázorněn v Obr. 2 až 4.The present method of operating the compressor is probably best illustrated in FIG. 2 to 4.

Z Obr. 2 je patrno, že hnací převod 32 jednoho z kompresorů 12, 14, 16, například 12 je odvozen ze záběru s hlavním ozubeným soukolím 34. Dvě nebo větší počet expansních turbin .18, 20, 22 je napojeno na hlavní ozubené soukolí 34 pomocí hnacích převodů 36. Jeden nebo jiný z výstupních převodů 36 může tvořit vstupní převod 32 kompresoru 12. V uspořádání na Obr. 3 je přidána třetí expansní turbina 22 k hnací síle a připojena k pohonu hlavního ozubeného soukolí 34 pomocí výstupního převodu 36. Další přídavný znak je patrný z Obr. 4 a je tvořen volitelnou kombinací 38, £2' motor generátoru. Takovéto složky je možno instalovat bud odděleně nebo společně, čímž vznikají individuální jednotky nebo společné kombinace jako je kombinace motor generátoru a mají obsahovat spojku nebo kapalinovou spojku 19 k odpojení motoru od generátoru.FIG. 2, the drive gear 32 of one of the compressors 12, 14, 16, for example 12, is derived from engagement with the main gear 34. Two or more expansion turbines 18, 20, 22 are coupled to the main gear 34 by the drive One or the other of the output gears 36 may constitute the input gear 32 of the compressor 12. In the configuration of FIG. 3, a third expansion turbine 22 is added to the driving force and coupled to the drive of the main gear 34 via the output gear 36. Another additional feature is seen in FIG. 4 and is formed by an optional generator generator combination 38, 62 '. Such components can be installed either separately or together to form individual units or common combinations, such as a generator motor combination, and to include a clutch or a fluid clutch 19 to disconnect the motor from the generator.

Provoz uvedeného zařízení je jednoduchý se dvěma nebo větším počtem turbin 18, .20' 22 pohánějících hlavní ozubené soukolí 34, které opět pohání kompresor 12 a/nebo kompresor 14, .16, 17. Kombinovaný výstup turbin je dostatečný pro pohon kompresoru. Přídavné turbiny 17 a 22 jsou v uspořádání na Obr. 3 přidány za účelem zvýšení hnací síly v případě potřeby tak, že je umožněno expandovanému produktu nebo vedlejšímu produktu plynu napájení turbin 17, 22 a tím přispět k jejich pohonu jakož i přidruženému hnacímu převodu 36 takovým způsobem, jenž usnadňuje pohánění hlavního ozubeného soukolí 3 4. Instalace kombinace motor-generátoru, jež je znázorněna v Obr. 4, umožní použít motor ke zvýšení hnací síly turbin při nežádoucím poklesu hnací síly, například, je-li jednotka kryogenního oddělování vzduchu v zařízení přiškrcena. Když je třeba docílit přebytku energie, je možno generovat výkon přímým pohonem generátoru 40 z hlavního ozubeného soukolí. Toto soukolí, jak dříve zmíněno, může být spojeno s motor generátorem 38, 40 spojkou nebo kapalinovou spojkou, kterou lze použít k rozpojení motor generátoru, když expansní výkon je přizpůsoben výkonu kompresoru a je dosažena rovnováha výkonů.Operation of said device is simple with two or more turbines 18, 20, 22 driving the main gear 34, which in turn drives the compressor 12 and / or the compressor 14, 16, 17. The combined output of the turbines is sufficient to drive the compressor. The additional turbines 17 and 22 are in the configuration of FIG. 3 is added to increase the power of the turbines 17, 22 in order to increase the driving force if necessary so as to allow the expanded product or gas by-product to feed the turbines 17, 22 and thereby contribute to their propulsion as well as the associated drive gear 36. The installation of the motor-generator combination shown in FIG. 4, allows the engine to be used to increase the turbine propulsion force in an undesirable driving force drop, for example when the cryogenic air separation unit in the device is throttled. When excess energy is required, power can be generated by directly driving the generator 40 from the main gear. This gearing, as previously mentioned, can be coupled to the engine by a generator 38, 40 by a clutch or a fluid clutch that can be used to disengage the generator engine when the expansion power is adapted to the compressor power and a power balance is achieved.

Claims (10)

1. .Zařízení přovkryogenní oddělování vzduchu obsahující dva nebo větší počet kompresních stupňů a, dvě nebo více expansních turbin, vyznačujícíse tím, že dvě nebo více expansních turbin je zapojeno paralelně nebo v sérii pro pohon jednoho nebo- více kompresních stupňů.A transcryogenic air separation apparatus comprising two or more compression stages and two or more expansion turbines, characterized in that two or more expansion turbines are connected in parallel or in series to drive one or more compression stages. 2. Zařízení podle nároku 1, vyznačující se t í m, ž e expansní turbiny jsou spojeny pomocí hlavního převodu s kompresorem, přičemž každá expansní turbina je opatřena výstupním převodem k pohonu hlavního ozubeného soukolí a uvedený kompresor nebo kompresory jsou opatřeny vstupním převodem, který je poháněn hlavním ozubeným soukolím.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the expansion turbines are coupled to the compressor by means of a main gear, wherein each expansion turbine is provided with an output gear to drive the main gear and said compressor or compressors are provided with an input gear which is driven by the main gear. 3ϊ Zařízení podle nároku 1 nebo 2, vyznačující se tím, že hlavní soukolí je opatřeno vnějšími zuby, které pohánějí vstupní převod kompresoru.Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the main gear is provided with external teeth that drive the compressor inlet gear. 4. Zařízení podle kteréhokoliv z předchozích nároků, vyznačující se tím, že obsahuje motor pro pohon hlavního ozubeného soukolí, přičemž uvedený kompresor je možno pohánět podlé potřeby.Apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a motor for driving the main gearwheel, wherein said compressor can be driven as required. 5. Zařízení podle kteréhokoliv z předchozích nároků, vyznačující se tím, že obsahuje generátor poháněný hlavním ozubeným soukolím podle potřeby.A device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a generator driven by the main gear as required. 6. Zařízení podle kteréhokoliv -z předchozích nároků, vyznačujíc í se tím, že obsahuje spojku nebo kapalinovou spojku pro odpojení motoru a/nebo generátoru od hlavního ozubeného soukolí.Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a clutch or a fluid clutch for disconnecting the engine and / or the generator from the main gear. 7. Zařízení podle kteréhokoliv z nároků 1 až 6, v .y. z n a. č _u . j í c í s e t í m, ž e expansní turbina je poháněna plynem expandujícím z kapalného stavu.A device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, vy. from n. characterized in that the expansion turbine is driven by a gas expanding from a liquid state. 8. Zařízení podle nároku 7, vyznačujícím se tím, že kapalný plyn obsahuje kapalný produkt nebo kapalný vedlejší produkt.The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the liquid gas comprises a liquid product or a liquid by-product. 9. Zařízení podle kteréhok&liví^z/předchozích nároků, vyznačující se tím, ž e výstupní převod expansní turbiny tvoří vstupní převod kompresoru.Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the output gear of the expansion turbine constitutes the input gear of the compressor. 10. Zařízení v podstatě jak shora popsáno a se zřetelem k vyobrazením v Obr. 1 až 4 připojených výkresů.10. The apparatus substantially as described above and with respect to the figures in FIG. 1 to 4 of the accompanying drawings.
CZ95650A 1994-03-15 1995-03-13 Apparatus for cryogenic separation of air CZ65095A3 (en)

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