EP0670665A2 - Beheizbares Glaselement mit einer mehrschichtigem Struktur - Google Patents

Beheizbares Glaselement mit einer mehrschichtigem Struktur Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0670665A2
EP0670665A2 EP95400435A EP95400435A EP0670665A2 EP 0670665 A2 EP0670665 A2 EP 0670665A2 EP 95400435 A EP95400435 A EP 95400435A EP 95400435 A EP95400435 A EP 95400435A EP 0670665 A2 EP0670665 A2 EP 0670665A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
element according
substrate
heating element
glazed
glass
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP95400435A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0670665A3 (de
Inventor
Yves Demars
Yannick Dussouchaud
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
Original Assignee
Saint Gobain Vitrage SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Saint Gobain Vitrage SA filed Critical Saint Gobain Vitrage SA
Publication of EP0670665A2 publication Critical patent/EP0670665A2/de
Publication of EP0670665A3 publication Critical patent/EP0670665A3/de
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/84—Heating arrangements specially adapted for transparent or reflecting areas, e.g. for demisting or de-icing windows, mirrors or vehicle windshields
    • H05B3/845—Heating arrangements specially adapted for transparent or reflecting areas, e.g. for demisting or de-icing windows, mirrors or vehicle windshields specially adapted for reflecting surfaces, e.g. bathroom - or rearview mirrors

Definitions

  • the invention relates to heated glazed elements with a laminated structure, more particularly heated mirrors, in particular those comprising at least one glass substrate and which are usually used in living rooms.
  • heating means Functionalizing the glazed elements in this way by equipping them with heating means can make it possible to meet two types of need: on the one hand, if these heating means give off moderate heat, making it possible to establish a temperature on the surface of the glazed element higher than that of the atmosphere with which it is in contact, fogging is avoided. On the other hand, if these heating means are capable of producing a significant amount of heat, the glazed element can be used as a real source of heat replacing a conventional radiator.
  • heating glass elements which imply the need for an electrical power supply, whether the heating means are in the form of a network of wires or of a conductive continuous layer, must comply with all the safety standards, all the more stringent since these are frequently placed in damp rooms such as bathrooms. Furthermore, the fact of making the structure of the glazed element more complex by adding heating means to it must not go against its optical quality and its durability.
  • the invention therefore aims to remedy these drawbacks, and to develop a new structure of glazed decorative heating element and / or with optical properties which optimizes heating performance, durability and optical quality.
  • the subject of the invention is a glazed heating element with a laminated structure, in particular a heating mirror, comprising a first rigid transparent substrate, in particular made of glass, provided on one of its faces with a thin electrically conductive layer equipped with means electrical connection, of an interlayer sheet of polymer of the thermoplastic type and of a second transparent rigid substrate, in particular of glass, provided on one of its faces with a decorative coating or with optical properties, in particular light reflecting.
  • the assembly of the first and second substrates using the interlayer sheet is carried out so that the interlayer sheet is on one side in contact with the face of the first substrate which is provided with the layer electrically conductive and on the other side in contact with the face of the second substrate which is opposite to the face provided with the light-reflecting coating.
  • the first substrate which will be disposed "side piece ", and, in fact, the conductive layer will be distant only by the thickness of said substrate from the exterior surface of the glazed element that is to be heated. Heat losses are therefore completely reduced.
  • the second substrate it is intended to be "on the wall or partition side", and the decorative coating and / or with optical properties, in particular reflecting light when it is a mirror will be located near the wall, and distant from the conductive layer releasing heat by the thickness of the interlayer sheet added to that of the second substrate.
  • the coating will therefore be subjected to much lower temperature rises, when the conductive layer is supplied with electricity and heats by Joule effect, than if it was directly in contact with the interlayer sheet. There is therefore much less risk of the coating deteriorating under the effect of cyclic thermal stresses.
  • a laminated structure guarantees a satisfactory level of security, insofar as, in the event of breakage of one or other of the substrates, the splinters are effectively retained by the interlayer sheet of flexible polymer: there is therefore no risk of being injured by flying splinters, nor risk of electrocuting, since the conductive layer remains "inaccessible".
  • At least one of the substrates is preferably made of glass, very particularly of annealed or tempered glass and, rather, in the latter case, by thermal tempering. In fact, it is advantageous to reinforce the mechanical resistance of the glass substrates by these types of heat treatments, especially as regards the first substrate coated with the conductive layer. Glass can also be hardened.
  • a simple annealing operation may suffice, all the more if it is accompanied by an operation of polishing the edges, in particular until a polish roughness less than 5 micrometers is obtained, polishing making it possible to limit any risk. propagation of the rupture lines initiated at the edges.
  • Thermal quenching offers the following additional advantage: if it is the substrate carrying the conductive layer which is thus quenched, and if it breaks under the impact of a projectile for example, it will fragment into a multitude of small pieces, which will instantly cut the power supply to the conductive layer.
  • the substrate is simply annealed, its manufacture is thereby simplified and, moreover, it is easier to obtain a very high optical quality, the annealing heat treatment being less "hard” than a heat treatment of the quenching type involving brutal cooling.
  • the substrates preferably have a thickness of at least 2 mm, in particular about 3 mm each. Such thicknesses make it possible not to penalize the glazed element according to the invention in terms of weight.
  • the conductive layer of the first substrate advantageously has a surface resistance of at most 15 ohms per square.
  • This level of electrical conductivity can easily be obtained with layers based on doped metal oxide, for example tin oxide doped with fluorine SnO2: F or indium oxide doped with tin ITO d thickness advantageously greater than 300 nm, in particular included in a range from 360 to 450 nm.
  • the conductive layer can also be a silver-based layer.
  • the conductive layer may be part of a stack of thin layers, and thus be associated, in particular, with at least one layer of dielectric material of the metal oxide or oxynitride / oxycarbide or silicon oxide type.
  • the conductive layer of the doped oxide type as well as the other layers of the stack, if they are present, are advantageously deposited by pyrolysis of suitable precursors: pyrolysis is indeed a simple deposition technique, which can be implemented directly at- above the float glass ribbon and making it possible to obtain particularly hard layers which adhere to the carrier substrate, which is in particular due to the fact that it involves reactions of decomposition of precursors at high temperature.
  • the conductive layer is made of silver, it is advantageously deposited by sputtering assisted by a magnetic field, the oxide layers which can be associated therewith can then be deposited by reactive sputtering in the presence of oxygen.
  • conductive collector strips As a type of electrical connection means suitable for supplying electricity to the conductive layer, there are preferably provided, according to the invention, conductive collector strips, deposited, in particular by screen printing, on the first substrate so as to be in electrical contact with said layer. These strips are preferably in the form of narrow strips a few millimeters wide, and are in particular two in number, each being deposited opposite along the longest opposite edges of the substrate.
  • thermal regulation means acting on the electrical supply of the electrically conductive layer a simple thermostat system can thus maintain the surface temperature of the glazed element close to a given set temperature.
  • the heating glass element in particular the heating mirror, can also be provided with a means of the circuit breaker type making it possible to completely interrupt the electrical supply of the electrically conductive layer in the event of overheating, which can exceptionally happen. if the first substrate is broken, leaving the layer locally still supplied with electricity.
  • this system is not essential.
  • the interlayer sheet of thermoplastic polymer which allows the assembly of the two substrates is preferably based on polyvinyl butyral (PVB), of thickness less than 1 mm, in particular approximately 0.3 mm.
  • PVB polyvinyl butyral
  • This sheet can also be colored by adding pigment (s): we then obtain a glazed element offering a slightly colored reflected image, which can have a certain decorative effect.
  • the coating with which the second substrate is provided reflects light and is usually made up of a plurality of layers superimposed on each other, including one layer silver topped with a layer of copper itself covered with a protective lacquer.
  • the copper layer can under certain conditions be removed.
  • This type of stacking is however not limiting, and any type of single-layer or multi-layer coating making it possible to obtain a mirror function of the glazed element can advantageously be used in the context of the invention.
  • the glazed element In order to make the whole of the glazed element, once assembled, aesthetic, it can be provided to encapsulate it using a frame which, preferably, covers the periphery of the substrates only up to a distance from them. edges not more than 15 mm.
  • the frame thus makes it possible to best hide all the means of electrical connection.
  • the heating mirror as a decorative glazed heating element and / or with optical properties.
  • the invention also applies to other glazed heating elements, in particular all those which are provided with a coating which is also to protect from excessive heat sources.
  • the configuration of glazed heating element described above can be adopted when the second glass substrate is provided with a coating which is for example light reflecting, but which does not cover the entire surface of the substrate, and which can be filed in the form of patterns for example.
  • lacquer covers all the fluid compositions (and deposits obtained therefrom) which are essentially organic in nature and which are also usually designated by the term inks, varnishes or paints. They are based on polymers or mixtures of curable or crosslinkable polymers of the epoxy, polyester, polyurethane, polyvinyl, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, polyacrylic type. They also contain pigments and / or dyes which can give them the desired shade; as well as thinners or solvents and other minor constituents such as surfactant, plasticizer, adhesion promoter, waxes and other additives.
  • lacquers can be deposited on the second glass substrate in a continuous layer, or in a discontinuous layer in the form of a pattern, for example by printing techniques of the screen printing type, off-set technique or flexography; or by a technique called “curtain”, or also called “pistolettage”.
  • the decorative and / or optical coating may also be based on enamel.
  • enamel is a mainly inorganic compound, consisting of a vitreous matrix called glass frit which may contain different coloring pigments and conveyed by a medium comprising a binder and an aqueous or organic solvent. To fix, the enamel must be dried and then vitrified. It can be deposited on glass by a printing technique such as screen printing, in particular.
  • a particularly advantageous enamel to be used is an enamel comprising two superposed layers, one of which contains reflective particles with a refractive index different from the vitreous matrix in which they are embedded: the enamel then has a particularly shiny and / or metallized appearance. aesthetic.
  • the enamel can of course be deposited in a continuous layer, but also in a discontinuous layer, in particular to represent decorative patterns.
  • FIG. 1 which very schematically shows a heating mirror in section.
  • Figure 1 shows a heating mirror according to the invention, but devoid of its peripheral frame and whose proportions, particularly in terms of thickness of the different materials, have not been respected in order to facilitate reading.
  • the mirror as shown therefore comprises two glass substrates 1,2 each 3 mm thick and each having been annealed, then subjected to polishing the edges to a roughness of less than 5 micrometers.
  • the substrates are rectangular, about 1.5 x 1m2.
  • the first substrate 1 is covered with a conductive layer 4 based on SnO2: F of about 400 nm, obtained by a powder pyrolysis technique using tin dibutyldifluoride (DBTF) known per se. It is associated with a sublayer, not shown, which therefore lies between the glass and the layer of SnO2: F and which is based on Si, O, C.
  • DBTF tin dibutyldifluoride
  • This sublayer is obtained by gas phase pyrolysis, also called CVD, and has a geometric thickness of approximately 100 nm and an index of refraction of about 1.68.
  • This type of stack is described more precisely in the aforementioned patent application EP-A-0 573 325.
  • the conductive layer 4 here has a surface resistance of approximately 10 to 15 ohms per square. It is provided with two collecting strips 8 which are themselves connected to external current leads which are not shown. They are made of screen-hardened silver paste hardened by baking, with a width of approximately 3 mm and arranged vis-à-vis at the periphery of the two longest opposite edges of the glazed element.
  • the interlayer sheet 3 is a PVB 0.3 mm thick.
  • the second substrate is covered, on its face which is not in contact with the interlayer sheet 3, with a light-reflecting coating comprising a layer of silver 5 deposited chemically using solutions of nitrate of silver, then a layer of copper 6 also deposited chemically and finally two successive layers 7 of lacquer deposited in liquid form and then dried by heating the substrate 2.
  • a light-reflecting coating comprising a layer of silver 5 deposited chemically using solutions of nitrate of silver, then a layer of copper 6 also deposited chemically and finally two successive layers 7 of lacquer deposited in liquid form and then dried by heating the substrate 2.
  • each of the two substrates 1, 2 is respectively provided with its stack with conductive layer 4 or with its coating reflecting light 5, 6, 7 in a completely independent manner, the assembly being done in the last step of in a conventional manner by autoclaving the substrates 1, 2 previously cut to the correct dimensions and associated by the intermediate sheet 3.
  • the mirror thus formed is placed against a wall so that the substrate 1 is in contact with the atmosphere, the substrate 2 being pressed against the wall.
  • the layer 4 is supplied with electricity via the collector strips 4 connected to the current leads using a simple switch which optionally makes it possible to choose the heating power, a transformer being provided to obtain the adequate voltage.
  • the temperature of the external surface of the substrate 1 is barely higher than the temperature of the atmosphere, for example 30 or 35 ° C for example.
  • the temperature of the external surface of the substrate can be 60 to 70 ° C, range of temperatures quite accessible, given the electrical conductivity of the conductive layer used.
  • the images reflected by such a mirror do not exhibit discernible deformations, which is proof of the optical quality of the substrates used and of the coatings with which they are provided, in particular as regards the substrate 1 provided with the conductive layer 4.
  • This mirror has also undergone the following aging test: it was placed in an air-conditioned enclosure at 20 ° C. and an atmosphere with a controlled humidity rate of 95%.
  • the heating layer 4 of the mirror was put under a suitable electric voltage so that the "outside" face of the substrate 1 is at a constant surface temperature of around 70 ° C.
  • the general condition of the mirror is studied: no corrosion is visible to the human eye, in particular no attack on the edges or any full face puncture.
  • the mirror of the invention therefore demonstrates satisfactory durability, in particular in contact with a highly humid atmosphere.
  • the glazed heating elements according to the invention are relatively simple in design, allow effective heating and / or demisting while respecting safety standards, and, above all, avoid any premature aging, in particular of the decorative or reflective coating, by presenting high durability under normal conditions of use.

Landscapes

  • Surface Treatment Of Glass (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
EP95400435A 1994-03-02 1995-03-01 Beheizbares Glaselement mit einer mehrschichtigem Struktur. Ceased EP0670665A3 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9402405A FR2717033B3 (fr) 1994-03-02 1994-03-02 Miroir chauffant à structure feuilletée.
FR9402405 1994-03-02

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0670665A2 true EP0670665A2 (de) 1995-09-06
EP0670665A3 EP0670665A3 (de) 1996-05-01

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EP95400435A Ceased EP0670665A3 (de) 1994-03-02 1995-03-01 Beheizbares Glaselement mit einer mehrschichtigem Struktur.

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EP (1) EP0670665A3 (de)
FR (1) FR2717033B3 (de)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2770737A1 (fr) * 1997-10-31 1999-05-07 Muller Et Cie Miroir chauffant
WO2001019140A1 (en) * 1999-09-09 2001-03-15 Barry Ernest Pillinger Laminated anti-fogging mirror assembly
AU763366B2 (en) * 1999-09-09 2003-07-17 Barry Ernest Pillinger Laminated anti-fogging mirror assembly

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2140415A1 (de) * 1971-06-09 1973-01-19 Glaverbel
GB2262438A (en) * 1991-12-17 1993-06-23 Macia Miguel Casals Avoiding misting in mirrors

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2140415A1 (de) * 1971-06-09 1973-01-19 Glaverbel
GB2262438A (en) * 1991-12-17 1993-06-23 Macia Miguel Casals Avoiding misting in mirrors

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2770737A1 (fr) * 1997-10-31 1999-05-07 Muller Et Cie Miroir chauffant
WO2001019140A1 (en) * 1999-09-09 2001-03-15 Barry Ernest Pillinger Laminated anti-fogging mirror assembly
AU763366B2 (en) * 1999-09-09 2003-07-17 Barry Ernest Pillinger Laminated anti-fogging mirror assembly
US6796665B1 (en) 1999-09-09 2004-09-28 Barry Ernest Pillinger Laminated anti-fogging mirror assembly
AU763366C (en) * 1999-09-09 2004-10-07 Barry Ernest Pillinger Laminated anti-fogging mirror assembly

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2717033A1 (fr) 1995-09-08
FR2717033B3 (fr) 1996-06-28
EP0670665A3 (de) 1996-05-01

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