EP0669039A1 - Sectionneur electrique a ecran presentant une tenue dielectrique amelioree - Google Patents
Sectionneur electrique a ecran presentant une tenue dielectrique amelioreeInfo
- Publication number
- EP0669039A1 EP0669039A1 EP94900193A EP94900193A EP0669039A1 EP 0669039 A1 EP0669039 A1 EP 0669039A1 EP 94900193 A EP94900193 A EP 94900193A EP 94900193 A EP94900193 A EP 94900193A EP 0669039 A1 EP0669039 A1 EP 0669039A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- movable contact
- screens
- contact
- arc
- screen
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
- H01H33/02—Details
- H01H33/04—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
- H01H33/06—Insulating body insertable between contacts
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of switching devices for power lines, in particular for medium and high voltage power lines.
- Medium voltage typically covers a voltage range from 1000V, while high voltage typically starts at 50,000V.
- cut-off devices associating a disconnector in the air and a switch under controlled atmosphere.
- the disconnector in the air and the switch under controlled atmosphere each comprise a fixed contact and a movable contact.
- these known breaking devices most often include a control mechanism which includes a spring energy accumulator, with exceeding of equilibrium point, to control the opening or closing of the switch in a controlled atmosphere.
- the known cut-off devices of the aforementioned type comprising a disconnector in the air and a switch under controlled atmosphere have given rise to an abundant literature.
- Examples include FR-A-1435209, FR-A-2485252, FR-A-2529712, FR-A-1580713, DE-A- 1156141, DE-A-2522525, DE-A-2819019, DE -A-2103600, US-A-3769478, US-A- 3566055, US-A-3824359, US-A-3171004, US-A-3032632 and US-A-2769063.
- Known air disconnectors generally include a frame which carries three insulators, two of which are fixed insulators respectively connected to pins intended to be each connected to a respective section of the line to be cut, and a movable insulator, a fixed contact of a disconnector linked to one of the pins and a movable switch contact linked to the second pin and controlled to move by the movable insulator.
- Such disconnectors are described in the aforementioned documents. Disconnectors of the type described above are widely used today.
- Such screen cut-off devices are for example described in the documents FR-A-2573914, FR-A-2573913, FR-A-2573912, FR-A- 2667978, FR-A-2621418, FR-A-2621417, FR-A-2596196, FR-A-2563939, FR-A- 2548443, FR-A-2540666, FR-A-2540665, FR-A-2511185, FR-A-2632771 and FR-A- 2581476, DE- C-643 821, DE-C-1 060013, DE-C-591 598, DE-C-959 660 and DE-A-3 041 634.
- the screens hitherto proposed in these documents are formed of pieces of electrically insulating material, displaced in a plane generally transverse to the axis of the movable contact, pivoting or translating, between the contacts of the device, by various mechanisms. , to cut the arc by shearing.
- the present invention now aims to improve the known breaking devices.
- a device for cutting electrical lines in particular for medium and high voltage electrical lines, of the known type comprising a housing which houses two electrical contacts, one of which is at least mobile on command and one electrically insulating screen adapted to be interposed very quickly between these two contacts during their separation, to interrupt the possible opening arc, characterized in that it comprises at least one partition transverse to the movement of the movable contact and provided with a central passage receiving the latter and that the screen is pivotally mounted on the partition about an axis parallel to the latter is generally transverse to the movement of the movable contact, between a position for closing the passage, transverse to the movement of the movable contact in the open position of the breaking device and a position generally parallel to the displacement of the movable contact in the closing position of the breaking device so that the screen is separated from the contacts, in the open position of the device, and operates by stretching and blowing the arc during the cutting phase.
- the screen according to the present invention is subjected to much lower electrical stresses than would be the case with conventional screens known from the prior art in low voltage, if these were used in medium or high voltage, fact that according to the present invention the screen is separated from the contacts when the device is in the open position, whereas in the previous devices, the screen rests against at least one of the contacts when the device is in the position opening.
- each screen is formed of a rigid panel of electrically insulating material and there is provided a spring means for returning each screen to its closed position of said passage provided in the partition.
- several evenly distributed screens are provided around the axis of translation of the movable contact.
- each screen comprises a boss on its face directed towards the movable contact.
- the end of the movable contact is preferably tapered and made of a material resistant to sparking, for example tungsten.
- FIG. 1 attached represents a schematic view in axial section of a cut-off device according to the present invention, in the open position
- FIG. 2 represents a similar view of the same device in the closed position
- FIG. 3 represents a schematic view in axial section of guide means with a rolling body of the movable contact
- FIG. 4 shows a schematic view in axial section of the preferred structure of a fixed contact
- FIG. 5 shows schematically the passage of the movable contact on a screen thanks to the presence of a boss on the latter, despite the presence roughness on the mobile contact
- FIG. 6 represents, on the other hand, the risk of the mobile contact catching on a screen 400, in the absence of such bosses
- FIGS. 7 and 8 represent two alternative embodiments of the end of the mobile contact
- FIG. 9 represents, in axial section, an alternative embodiment in accordance with the present invention.
- FIGS. 10, 11, 12 respectively represent a first front view, a cross-sectional view along the section plane XI-XI of FIG. 10 and a second front view of the screens of FIG. 9,
- FIG. 13 represents an alternative embodiment of a fixed contact in accordance with the present invention.
- FIG. 14 represents an alternative embodiment in which the movable contact is guided in rotation
- FIG. 15 and 16 schematically show two variants of the breaking device according to the present invention equipped with additional arc blowing means.
- the device according to the present invention can either be fixed on a post above or below the line, or be placed in a casing placed on the ground or buried.
- the device shown in Figures 1 and 2 attached is a single-phase device; that is to say that it is suitable for interrupting the connection between two contacts connected respectively to two sections of a line to be cut.
- the present invention preferably applies to a three-phase system by tripling the structure shown in the attached figures.
- the device according to the present invention shown in the appended figures, comprises an electrically insulating box 100.
- This box 100 can be produced for example by assembling different plastic parts or even a composite material composed of a mixture of resin and fillers.
- the housing 100 carries two contacts 200, 300 respectively connected to the two sections of the line to be cut.
- one of the contacts 300 is fixed, while the second contact 200 is mobile. More precisely according to the embodiments shown in Figures 1 to 13 attached, the movable contact 200 is guided in translation along an axis 0-0 on which the housing 100 is centered.
- the housing 100 essentially comprises a longitudinal wall 110 parallel to the axis 0-0 and two transverse walls 120 and 130 orthogonal to this axis 0-0.
- the longitudinal wall 110 can be cylindrical of revolution around the axis 0-0, or have any section, for example polygonal, centered on the axis 0-0.
- the transverse surfaces 120 and 130 are each provided on their outer surface 122 and 132 with a cylindrical sleeve 124, 134, centered on said axis 0-0.
- the sleeve 124 is used to guide the movable contact 200 in translation along the axis 0-0.
- the sleeve 134 supports the fixed contact 300.
- the movable contact 200 is formed of a straight pin of electrically conductive material. Pin 200 is centered on axis 0-
- the spindle 200 has a cylindrical section of revolution around the axis 0-0.
- the pin 200 may have a different section, for example a polygonal section, provided that the guide means provided on the sleeve 124 are adapted to the section of the spindle 200.
- the end 201 of the movable pin 200 adjacent to the fixed contact 300 is generally tapered towards the fixed contact 300.
- the end 201 of the pin 200 has the shape a hemispherical cap.
- other geometries are possible for this end of the pin 200.
- the movable contact 200 is connected by any suitable flexible and electrically conductive means to the corresponding line section, for example by an electrically conductive braid.
- the sleeve 124 can be strictly complementary to the section of the spindle 200.
- the sleeve 124 can support means facilitating the sliding of the spindle 200, along the axis 0-0, for example bearings with rolling bodies, such as marbles.
- FIG. 3 There is shown schematically in Figure 3 attached, an embodiment of such a ball bearing.
- two rings of balls 126 can be seen axially spaced on the internal surface 125 of the sleeve 124 to guide the pin 200.
- the fixed contact 300 carried by the sleeve 134 can be the subject of numerous embodiments.
- each contact element 300 comprises a plurality of parts 310 distributed equally around the axis OO of the movable contact 200 and of the sleeve 1.34, inside the sleeve 134.
- Each part 310 comprises a rectilinear core 312 parallel to the axis of the sleeve 134 and provided with rounded ends 315, 316 convex towards the movable contact 200, that is to say towards the center of the sleeve 134.
- Each part 310 is biased towards the movable contact 200, ie radially inward, by a spring 320 in the general shape of a V, the apex of which rests on the inner surface of the sleeve 134 and the ends of this spring 320 are engaged in the rounded ends 315 and 316 of the part 310.
- This fixed contact 300 is placed inside the sleeve 134.
- the transverse partitions 120, 130 are each provided, on their internal surface 127, 137 and respectively around the contacts 200 and 300, with a ring 128, 138 of potential distribution.
- the rings 128, 138 can be the subject of numerous embodiments. According to the particular embodiment shown in the appended figures, the rings 128 and 138 are formed by a half torus limited by a plane perpendicular to its axis. The rings 128 and 138 are centered on the 0-0 axis. These rings 128 and 138 make it possible to avoid the peak effect at the end of the pin 200, which can result from the tapered shape of the pin 200 which promotes the development of an electric arc. The rings 128 and 138 delay the development of such an arc.
- the ring 138 located on the side of the fixed contact 300 also serves, in a manner known per se, as a sacrificial electrode. That is to say that it may be partially deteriorated, in the event of an arc being created between the movable contact 200 and this ring 138, during the closing phase of the device, in order to preserve the fixed contact 300.
- At least one electrically insulating screen 400, mobile adapted to be quickly inserted between the contacts 200 and 300, during the opening phase of the device.
- screens 400 are provided which are axially spaced along the axis 0-0 between the two contacts 200 and 300.
- the screens 400 are carried by transverse partitions 140 perpendicular to the axis 0-0.
- Each of these partitions 140 is provided with a central passage 142 centered on the axis 0-0.
- the passage 142 is automatically closed by a screen 400 when the device is moved to the open position. More precisely, the screens 400 are pivoted by the partitions 140.
- the pivot axes of the screens 400 on the partitions 140 are referenced 402. This axis 402 is generally parallel to the partition 140 and therefore transverse to the axis 0- 0. Even more precisely according to the present invention, the screens
- the screens 400 are articulated on the partitions 140, around axes 402 which are not parallel to each other, equally spaced around the axis 0-0.
- the screens 400 impose on the incipient arc between the contacts 200 and 300, a path in the form of a spiral whose length is greater than that of a simple sinusoidal of the same amplitude.
- the screens 400 are placed on the side of the partitions 140 opposite the movable contact 200, that is to say in the direction of the fixed contact 300.
- the screens 400 pivot from a position substantially perpendicular to the 0-0 axis as shown in FIG. 1, to a position substantially parallel to the 0-0 axis as shown in FIG. 2, as the spindle 200 advances.
- the screens 400 follow an opposite movement.
- the screens 400 are urged by springs 410 towards the closed position of the passages 142 shown in FIG. 1.
- the springs 410 are adapted to allow rapid movement of the screens 400.
- the springs 410 can be the subject of numerous variant embodiments. They may be helical springs, as shown in Figures 1 and 2 attached, or any other suitable embodiment, such as for example a spiral or pin spring mounted on the axis 402. Such a spiral spring or hairpin has a smaller footprint than the helical spring illustrated in Figures 1 and 2 attached.
- Each screen 400 is formed from an electrically insulating and rigid material.
- the screens 400 can be formed for example from polyacetal or charged silicone.
- the screens 400 are each provided with a boss 420. These bosses 420 are placed in the vicinity of the free end of the screens 400 on the face of these directed to mobile contact 200.
- bosses 420 are intended to allow the return of the spindle 200 especially after closing in short circuit.
- the bosses 420 have for this purpose a curve to facilitate the passage of the spindle 200 when it has a degraded surface condition, for example when roughness 202 is stuck on the spindle 200 following a short-circuit closure, or after different closings on nominal current.
- Such asperities 202 can appear for example following one or more closing of a circuit under load.
- FIG. 6 represents the possible attachment of the spindle 200 to a screen 400 not provided with such a boss 420 when the spindle 200 has roughness 202. It is understood on examining the figure
- the bosses 420 can be formed from the same material as the screens 400. However, as a variant, the bosses 420 can be formed from a flexible and / or elastic material.
- the bosses 420 make it possible to absorb the shock due to the high speed of the spindle during its displacement in position. closing.
- bosses 420 are advantageously placed on the screens 400 in a position such that they are centered on the axis 0-0 in the closed position of the passages 142.
- These bosses 420 advantageously have the shape of a half sphere. However, this particular form is not limiting.
- the device according to the present invention further comprises on the outer surface of the housing, more precisely on the outer surface 112 of the longitudinal wall 110, fins 114 of material electrically insulating, which extend substantially perpendicular to the axis 0-0.
- fins 114 of material electrically insulating, which extend substantially perpendicular to the axis 0-0.
- two fins 114. are thus provided. This number is not however limiting.
- the fins 114 make it possible to improve the external dielectric strength of the system, by imposing a high arc distance.
- the end 201 of the spindle is made of a material resistant to sparking, in particular during the short-circuit closure.
- the tapered tip 201 of the pin 200 is made of tungsten.
- the end 201 of the spindle 200 may have a special shape adapted to confine an eventual arcing in an area of the tip 201 of the spindle 200 not used to ensure the electrical contact with the contact 300.
- any deterioration localized in this area, of the pin 200 cannot deteriorate the quality of the subsequent electrical contact with the fixed contact 300.
- the end 201 of the spindle 200 comprises a central blind orifice 202 with a sharp edge 204, such that the possible initiation occurs between the fixed contact 300 and the edge 204 limiting the opening contour of orifice 202.
- the rounded end 201 of the spindle 200 has a tip 206 so that the possible initiation takes place between the end 207 of the tip 206 and the fixed contact 300.
- the housing 100 of the device according to the present invention can be made tight and filled with a neutral atmosphere, such as nitrogen, or even preferably an electronegative gas, for example sulfur hexafluoride.
- the internal volume of the housing 100 can communicate with the free atmosphere, for example by means of orifices 116 formed in the longitudinal wall 110.
- these orifices 116 are preferably formed on the side of the closure of the screens 400. That is to say on the side of the passages 142 opposite the axes of articulation 402 of the screens 400. They facilitate the exhaust of gases and fumes from the electric arc for short-circuit breaking and closing. They also enhance the arc blowing effect.
- the Applicant has found remarkable dielectric strength at high voltage, over a distance between contacts 200, 300, at the opening, relatively short, of the order of 180 mm.
- the prior mobile screen devices include screens which work on the shearing of the arc. This leads to rapid deterioration of the screens, in the event of an interruption under high voltage.
- the device according to the present invention does not work by shearing the arc, but by lengthening and blowing it, thanks to the evenly distributed arrangement of the screens around the axis O-Q
- the screens are not in contact with the electrodes 200, 300, when the appliance is open as shown in FIG. 1.
- the flaps are in contact with the movable contact 200 as shown in FIG. 2, but the potential difference is then zero between the contacts 200 and 300, which avoids any risk of deterioration of the screens 400.
- a switching device comprising a housing 100, an electric contact 200 movable in translation along an axis OO, a fixed contact 300, screens 400 pivotally carried on transverse partitions 140 of the housing 100, of the potential distribution rings 128, 138 and of the external fins 114.
- the housing 100 consists of several modules 150 adapted to be stacked axially along the axis O-O. These modules 150 are also adapted to be engaged on the transverse end walls 120, 130.
- Each module 150 comprises a transverse partition 140 which supports a pivoting screen 400, as well as an orifice 116 in its side wall, on the closing side of the screens 400.
- three modules 150 are thus provided stacked along the axis O-O, therefore three screens 400.
- the number of modules 150 used depends on the voltage between the contacts 200 and 300, and consequently on the dielectric strength required on opening.
- each transverse partition 140 includes a housing 144 for receiving the screen 400, and in this housing 144, a cylindrical wall 145 which surrounds the passage 142.
- each screen 400 comprises, on its face directed towards the associated partition 140, a cylindrical recess 430 which surrounds the boss 420.
- the recess 430 is complementary to the wall 145.
- the wall 145 penetrates into the recess 430.
- This arrangement forms a labyrinth which reinforces the dielectric strength of the system.
- the outer periphery of the fins 114 is connected to an external housing 160 which further improves the external dielectric strength of the assembly.
- the external housing 160 is made of electrically insulating material.
- FIG. 13 shows an alternative embodiment in accordance with the present invention of a fixed contact 300.
- This figure 13 shows a plurality of parts 310 of electrically conductive material evenly distributed around the axis O-O.
- Each part 310 comprises a rectilinear core 312 generally parallel to the axis O-O and provided with rounded ends 315, 316, convex towards the movable contact 200.
- each piece 310 is biased towards the axis O-O, by a piston 322 biased by a spring 324.
- the spring 324 is typically helical and radial relative to the axis O-O.
- the parts 310 are thus biased towards the axis O-O by pivoting around one of their ends 315 which rests against a fixed pin 317 connected to the corresponding section of line.
- FIG. 13 the position occupied by a part 310 during the insertion of the movable contact 200 has been shown in left half-view and the position occupied by the part 310 after removal of the contact in right-hand half-view. mobile 200.
- the stop 326 must not hinder the movement of the movable contact 200.
- FIG. 14 appended an alternative embodiment of a breaking device according to the present invention, which comprises a modular housing 100, a movable electrical contact 200, a fixed contact 300, screens 400 pivotally carried on partitions 140 and potential distribution rings.
- the movable contact 200 is not guided in translation, but in rotation about an axis 210.
- the housing 100 therefore has a generally cylindrical shape centered on the axis 210.
- the passages 142 formed in the partitions 140 are distributed over a circular path centered on the axis 210, of the same radius as the contact 200.
- the variant represented in FIG. 14 makes it possible to limit the size of the system.
- the overall dimensions of the system are at least equal to twice the length of the movable contact 200, or twice the intercontact, in the open position, between the contacts 200 and 300 , according to FIG. 14, the size of the system is only of the order of two thirds of the length of the movable contact 200.
- the present invention is not limited to the particular embodiment which has just been described but extends to any variant in accordance with its spirit.
- the movable contact 200 is moved between its open and closed position by an abruptly moving actuation system, preferably a control mechanism which comprises a spring energy accumulator with exceeding of equilibrium point.
- FIGS. 15 and 16 show improved variants of the cut-off device. These improved variants include additional means 500 for blowing the arc. More precisely according to FIGS. 15 and 16, the means 500 comprise a cylinder 510 which houses a piston 520 and which communicates with a conduit 530. The piston 520 is connected to a connecting rod 540 which controls the movement of the movable contact 200.
- the conduit 530 opens, at its end 532, perpendicularly to the axis 0-0 opposite the zone of separation of the contacts 200 and 300, that is to say near the guard ring 138, in the housing. 100.
- the conduit 530 opens axially into the movable contact 200, itself hollow, so that the medium injected into the conduit 530, through the piston cylinder 510/520, arrives axially at the level of the separation zone of the contacts 200 and 300.
- the operation of the means 500 shown in the figures 15 and 16 is essentially the following.
- the connecting rod 540 When the connecting rod 540 is pivotally displaced about its axis 542, to cause the opening of the device, that is to say the displacement of the movable contact 200, the chamber of the cylinder 510 connected to the conduit 530 is pressurized by the displacement piston 520.
- a jet of the medium contained in the box 100 is directed towards the zone of separation of the movable contacts 200 and 300, in order to blow the arc foot.
Landscapes
- Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9213738 | 1992-11-16 | ||
FR9213738A FR2698208B1 (fr) | 1992-11-16 | 1992-11-16 | Sectionneur électrique à écran présentant une tenue diélectrique améliorée. |
PCT/FR1993/001118 WO1994011893A1 (fr) | 1992-11-16 | 1993-11-16 | Sectionneur electrique a ecran presentant une tenue dielectrique amelioree |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0669039A1 true EP0669039A1 (fr) | 1995-08-30 |
Family
ID=9435563
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP94900193A Withdrawn EP0669039A1 (fr) | 1992-11-16 | 1993-11-16 | Sectionneur electrique a ecran presentant une tenue dielectrique amelioree |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0669039A1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2698208B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO1994011893A1 (fr) |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE591598C (de) * | 1931-08-19 | 1934-01-24 | Aeg | Elektrischer Schalter mit Lichtbogenloeschung durch ein stroemendes, gasfoermiges Medium |
DE643821C (de) * | 1934-10-19 | 1937-04-17 | Frida Strauss Geb Ruppel | Elektrischer Schalter |
DE959660C (de) * | 1953-05-30 | 1957-03-07 | Felten & Guilleaume Carlswerk | Loeschkammer eines Hochspannungs-Leistungsschalters |
DE3041634A1 (de) * | 1980-11-05 | 1982-06-09 | Fritz Driescher Spezialfabrik für Elektrizitätswerksbedarf, 5144 Wegberg | Mittelspannungs-lasttrennschalter |
-
1992
- 1992-11-16 FR FR9213738A patent/FR2698208B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1993
- 1993-11-16 WO PCT/FR1993/001118 patent/WO1994011893A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1993-11-16 EP EP94900193A patent/EP0669039A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO9411893A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO1994011893A1 (fr) | 1994-05-26 |
FR2698208A1 (fr) | 1994-05-20 |
FR2698208B1 (fr) | 1995-02-03 |
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