EP0667968B1 - Procede et dispositif permettant de minimiser la consommation en energie d'une charge electrique - Google Patents

Procede et dispositif permettant de minimiser la consommation en energie d'une charge electrique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0667968B1
EP0667968B1 EP94924679A EP94924679A EP0667968B1 EP 0667968 B1 EP0667968 B1 EP 0667968B1 EP 94924679 A EP94924679 A EP 94924679A EP 94924679 A EP94924679 A EP 94924679A EP 0667968 B1 EP0667968 B1 EP 0667968B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
variable
primary
user
control device
cut
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EP94924679A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0667968A1 (fr
Inventor
Urs Baldenweg
Beat Sauter
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Energy Management Team AG
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Energy Management Team AG
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04G—ELECTRONIC TIME-PIECES
    • G04G15/00—Time-pieces comprising means to be operated at preselected times or after preselected time intervals
    • G04G15/006—Time-pieces comprising means to be operated at preselected times or after preselected time intervals for operating at a number of different times

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a control device for minimizing the Energy consumption of an electrical load according to the preamble of claims 1 and 8.
  • the European application EP, A, 0376049 describes a timer with a microcomputer.
  • An electrical load can be switched on and off depending on the time as the primary measurement and the programmed switch-on and switch-off times as the primary setpoint.
  • the timer also has a programmable timer. With this timer, the controlled load can be switched on or off temporarily during the preselected duration, regardless of the programmed switch-on and switch-off times. If the electrical load is used outside the programmed times, the timer automatically returns to the programmed on and off times after the timer has expired. This ensures that a controlled device does not remain switched on unnoticed, as is often the case with conventional time switches with a bypass switch.
  • timers have the disadvantage that the primary target values are fixed: The programmed times often do not correspond to the actual requirements and do not automatically adapt to new requirements.
  • A, 2146797 mentioned in the international search report is one Control to minimize the energy consumption of a hot water treatment system known.
  • the time of day is determined based on the consumption Amount of water as a secondary measurement and due to the water temperature of the Energy requirements determined at different times of the day.
  • suitable setpoints for the Calculated water temperature are then suitable setpoints for the Calculated water temperature. During times with expected low energy consumption the setpoint for the water temperature is reduced. This can cause heat loss be minimized.
  • the object of the present invention is now to specify a method and a To create control device 1 with which the energy consumption of a load 8, 20 minimized is reduced to a minimum by reducing the amount of energy used but not used becomes such that the loss of comfort caused by the saving is tolerable.
  • the method according to the invention is based on the fact that the energy flow to the load 8, 20 is automatically controlled with the aid of a control device 1 by processing at least one primary measurement variable 2 and at least one primary target variable 3 to a control variable 6 for controlling the energy flow to the load 8, 20 become.
  • the primary target variable 3 forms a criterion for assessing the primary measured variable 2.
  • the control device 1 can automatically change the primary target variable 3 and adapt it to the individual conditions such that the energy consumption is minimal and the comfort is still sufficiently high.
  • the control device 1 additionally has means with which a user can intervene manually, in which case under certain circumstances the automatic control device 1 is exceeded.
  • the user interventions provide the usage information and are recorded by the control device 1 in the form of at least one secondary measurement variable 4 and processed with at least one secondary target variable 5 to change the primary target variable 3.
  • the control device 1 detects changes in user behavior and can adapt itself to the new conditions. Since the primary target quantities 3 are essentially determined as a comparison criterion for the primary measurement quantities, and this only with the required resolution, a control device 1 according to the present invention can be implemented with little effort in terms of data processing and data storage. Such a control device can also be easily installed as an add-on to existing devices.
  • copiers are often made after an adjustable Delay time automatically switched off.
  • the loss of comfort over you Continuous operation consists of the extended waiting times that expire when used the delay time has to be accepted.
  • An improvement is possible by the switch-off delay is not fixed by the user, but by the Control device 1 from determined and stored usage frequencies, which a represent secondary parameter 4, and off for certain frequencies of use predetermined, useful delay times, which represent a secondary target variable 5, independently determined and thus the individual needs through this learning process is adjusted.
  • control device 1 is based on its registered "experience" over the course of the frequency of use the switch-off delay For example, in times of high and medium frequency of use, set such that in the In most cases there are no waiting times and the delay time becomes smaller at times Keep the frequency of use to a minimum so that in these times in favor of Energy savings with waiting times must be expected.
  • Vending machines such as coffee machines 20 are usually not included Equipped devices to reduce unused energy consumption.
  • the Application of the method according to the invention enables independent determination here of different usage conditions. This can be done for example by during the number of user actions is repeated at a fixed time interval. Based From now on, this data can be used in different usage states, For example, no, small, medium or large frequency of use can be assigned.
  • the feed 9 of the coffee machine 20 takes place via the actuator 7, which is from a Microcontroller 10 of the control device 1 is controlled.
  • the supply voltage on the machine 20 can be switched on and off by the process turned off. If the supply 9 of the machine 20 by the actuator 7th is interrupted, the process also allows the supply 9 to be switched on Actuator 7 when the beverage request button 402 is operated.
  • the usage information about the state of the beverage request button 402 is shown as Function of the time given by a real-time clock 203, which is the primary measurement variable 2 understand is registered.
  • a non-volatile storage medium 12 for example, an EEPROM, ensures that the stored data in the event of a power failure Information is retained.
  • the process automatically determines a characteristic curve for the delay time t from a function of the time of day t. This course of the delay time is a primary target variable 3. If the machine 20 is switched on, then after pressing the beverage request button 402, the time t off is waited until the process 9 interrupts the supply 9 for the machine 20 on the actuator 7.
  • the function t from (t) is determined as the primary target variable 3 as follows: The 24 hours of a day are divided into equal intervals of width ⁇ t. For each day, the process creates a data record in which the frequency of use H of the beverage request button 402 during the time interval and the state of the actuator 7 are uniquely assigned to each of the time intervals. This data record represents a secondary measurement variable 4.
  • An exemplary data record is listed below, the order of interval number I, number of operations H of beverage request button 402 during interval I, state of actuator 7 being valid in the round brackets: (1,0,0) , (2,0,0), (3,3,0), (4,0,1), (5,0,0), (6,5,0), (7,8,1), ( 8,12,1) ...
  • This data record is stored in an EEPROM 12. During the following days, further such data records are formed and stored in the memory 12. After a number of days specified in the process has been exceeded, the oldest saved data record is replaced by the current data record. After each day, the process forms a data record with the average values for H '(I) from all available data records and stores this in the memory 12. The process uses this data set to determine the function t out (t) according to a rule defined as secondary target variable 5 in the process. This function is a primary target variable 3. At any time of the day, it specifies the necessary delay time until the supply voltage of the machine 20 is switched off. After expiration of t out (t) after a last actuation of the beverage request key 402 at time t, the process interrupts the feed 9 of the machine 20 by means of the actuator 7.
  • FIG. 1 Another example of a coffee or beverage machine 20, which is based on the Figures 3 and 5 is explained, is intended to show how by the inventive method as primary target size 3 the on and off times for the machine 20 or for parts 8 of the Automata 20 are determined.
  • the feed 9 of the machine 20 takes place via the actuator 7 of the control device 1.
  • the control device itself is the same with the automatic control connected that they receive a control impulse from the latter with each beverage request can.
  • the main switch 401 is also connected to the control device 1.
  • the automat 20 can be switched on again manually at any time by briefly actuating the main switch 401.
  • the system clock of a microcontroller 10 serves as the time base 203.
  • the control device 1 now divides a predetermined typical usage period BP, for example a guard, into a predetermined number n of the same partial periods TP.
  • the duration of TP is set at 6 minutes.
  • information is stored in the memory 12 for each time interval TP, from which it emerges whether a drink request has taken place during the corresponding interval. After the two periods of use have expired, the process is repeated, the oldest stored information being overwritten.
  • the memory 12 is initialized, so that the stored information shows that no use has taken place during each of the 2n partial periods.
  • Such an initialization of the memory can be done manually, for example, using a key provided for this purpose.
  • the process itself can also initiate a memory initialization if the operating voltage of the microcontroller 10 drops below a minimum value. If there is a suitable buffering of the operating voltage, the initialization does not take place immediately after a failure of the supply 9, but only after a considerable delay. This ensures that the stored data is not deleted even in the event of a power failure.
  • the automat 20 can be switched on by briefly actuating the main switch 401.
  • the process switches the machine 20 off again using the actuator 7 provided for this purpose.
  • Such an automatic switch-off does not only take place after the memory initialization, but generally after a predetermined time has elapsed since the last beverage was dispensed.
  • twilight switches are included provided a brightness sensor. If the measured brightness is the primary measured variable 2 serves to drop below a default value, this default value being a primary target variable 3 the lighting is switched on; if the measured brightness is above a further default value increases, then the lighting is switched off again.
  • the must Brightness sensor should be attached so that it is as far as possible out of the controlled area Lighting fixture lies.
  • Such a twilight switch also switches the light source when it is not needed at all, for example when there is nobody in the room.
  • the lighting control described above can be performed by using the learning process according to the invention can be further improved, on the one hand, as the primary Target size 3 is the specified brightness level, below which the lighting is activated, modified based on the brightness-related switch-on behavior of the user and, on the other hand, by using the switch-off delay as the primary target variable 3 accumulated experience about the time usage behavior is changed.
  • the primary parameter 2 For example, brightness is the primary parameter 2 and the state of the light switch 403 used as a secondary parameter 4.
  • the primary measurand is 2 for example the time 203 and the secondary measurement 4 the frequency of use where the secondary target variable 5 is a function that the originally specified Relationship between frequency of use and switch-off delay describes.
  • the following is an exemplary process for carrying out the process according to the invention Method described in the case of a lighting control, wherein Figures 1 and 2 for Serve illustration.
  • the task of the control device 1 is the lighting 8 independently switch off as soon as the brightness 201, 202 is "sufficiently high", but not independently switch on again, even if the brightness 201, 202 is no longer "sufficiently high”.
  • the term “sufficiently high” is independently defined as well as possible by the control device 1.
  • the manual switching on and off of the lighting must be carried out in the usual way Actuator 403 may be possible.
  • a starting value H is determined by means of a potentiometer 404, which determines a secondary measurement variable 4, on the basis of a function specified as the secondary target variable 5 for the current limit brightness Ha at which the lighting 8 is to be switched off.
  • Ha is a primary target variable 3 when the lighting 8 is switched on and the brightness 201, 202 as the primary measured variable 2 during a predetermined period of time the Wen H exceeds, then the lighting 8 is automatically switched off by the control device 1 by means of the actuator 7 and a data record is stored in the EEPROM 12 with information about the cause of the change in the lighting state, the cause being either the control device 1 itself or a user action, with information about the state of the actuator 7 before the change, and with information about the current brightness 201, 202.
  • the current limit brightness Ha is reduced according to a predetermined algorithm, in which previously stored data records are also taken into account, within predetermined limits. However, if there is a change on actuator 403 within the reaction time, this is an indication that the current limit brightness Ha is too low. Similar to the switch-off process, a data record with the corresponding information is saved. As soon as enough data sets have been saved, a characteristic Wen for Ha is determined by averaging the information about the switch-off brightness that was obtained at different times.
  • the algorithm for calculating Ha is modified in such a way that the influence of "atypical user behavior", such as briefly switching the lighting 8 on and off, is less strongly weighted when Ha is adapted.
  • a statement about what is "typical” and what is "atypical user behavior” is made possible by the information stored in connection with the user behavior at different times.
  • the Time 203 can be used as the primary measurement variable 2 for controlling the lighting. This makes sense wherever the use of lighting correlates more with the time of day, than with the brightness 201, 202, for example in offices with insufficient daylight.
  • secondary measurement variable 4 can be, for example, the manual actuation of the Light switch 403 or a motion detector can be used.
  • Another advantage of the method according to the invention is the possibility of storing data as To receive measured variables. Especially in room lighting, a wide variety can be Factors such as sun blinds, additional lighting or direct Sun exposure, lead to complex situations.
  • the control device 1 can in in such cases, capture and store information from other control devices. On the basis of this data, the control device 1 can process the further measured variables Modify 2, 4.
  • the devices which transmit data to the control device 1 do not necessarily have to be of the same type as the control device 1 itself. she only have to use a serial communication method which is based on the Control device 1 is recognized. Below are some examples of such Information transmitting devices mentioned: infrared remote control, modulation of the Supply voltage 9 of the control device 1 by a blind control, manual Pulse width coding on a special control line of the control device 1.
  • Leave control devices 1 as described in the preceding examples defrost very compactly. In particular, it is because of the adaptability of such Devices possible to record the measurement variables 2, 4 directly in the device 1 itself. By integrating the actuator 7 with the other components of the control device 1 in a common housing can thus also be considerable during installation Achieve cost savings.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Selective Calling Equipment (AREA)
  • Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
  • Control Of Electric Motors In General (AREA)
  • Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)
  • Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
  • Circuit Arrangement For Electric Light Sources In General (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Méthode pour minimiser la consommation d'énergie d'une charge électrique (8, 20) contrôlée avec un dispositif de commande (1), au moins une grandeur mesurée (2) primaire étant traitée par le dispositif de commande (1) avec au moins une grandeur prévue (3) primaire, qui sert de grandeur de référence pour la grandeur mesurée primaire, en au moins une grandeur de commande (6), caractérisée en ce qu'au moins la grandeur prévue (3) primaire est adaptée à des conditions et des comportements d'utilisateur individuels en étant modifiée au moyen d'un traitement d'au moins une grandeur mesurée (4) secondaire pouvant être influencée par l'utilisateur avec au moins une grandeur prévue (5) secondaire qui sert de grandeur de référence pour la grandeur mesurée (4) secondaire, la grandeur mesurée (4) secondaire servant de source d'information sur le comportement de l'utilisateur, et en ce que ce traitement s'effectue avec le concours de données stockées dans un support d'enregistrement (11, 12), ces données ou la nature du stockage de ces données contenant de l'information sur le comportement des utilisateurs dans le passé.
  2. Méthode selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que des données, en particulier des données qui sont en rapport avec une grandeur prévue (3, 5), une grandeur mesurée (2, 4) ou une grandeur de commande (6), sont stockées dans un support d'enregistrement (11, 12).
  3. Méthode selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisée en ce qu'un processus d'apprentissage intervient du fait que de l'information, qui est disponible à partir d'un moment (t1), (t1) ne devant pas correspondre au point de démarrage, est stockée dans un support d'enregistrement (11, 12) et est traitée ultérieurement en même temps que de l'information qui est disponible seulement à partir d'un moment ultérieur (t1 + Δt).
  4. Méthode selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1, 2 ou 3, caractérisée en ce que l'heure (203) est une grandeur mesurée (2) primaire et les temps d'enclenchement et de coupure sont une grandeur prévue (3) primaire, et en ce que la fréquence d'utilisation est une grandeur mesurée (4) secondaire et une valeur limite de la fréquence d'utilisation est une grandeur prévue (5) secondaire.
  5. Méthode selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1, 2, 3 ou 4, caractérisée en ce que l'heure (203) est une grandeur mesurée (2) primaire et la temporisation de coupure est une grandeur théorique (3 primaire, et en ce que la fréquence d'utilisation est une grandeur mesurée (4) secondaire, et une fonction associant la fréquence d'utilisation et la temporisation de coupure est la grandeur prévue (5) secondaire correspondante.
  6. Méthode selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1, 2 ou 3, caractérisée en ce que la luminosité (201, 202) est une grandeur mesurée (2) primaire et une valeur limite pour la luminosité est une grandeur prévue (3) primaire, l'état d'un actionneur (403) est une grandeur mesurée (4) secondaire et une valeur de référence pour l'état de l'actionneur est la valeur prévue (5) secondaire correspondante.
  7. Méthode selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1, 2 ou 3, caractérisée en ce qu'un intervalle de temps est une mesure mesurée (2) primaire et une quantité de données stockées dans un support d'enregistrement (11, 12) est une grandeur prévue (3) primaire, et en ce que l'information transmise par un dispositif de contrôle est une grandeur mesurée (4) secondaire et une valeur de référence est une grandeur prévue (5) secondaire.
  8. Dispositif de commande (1) pour minimiser la consommation d'énergie d'une charge électrique (8, 20) commandée avec un dispositif de contrôle, au moins une grandeur mesurée (2) primaire étant traitée par le dispositif de contrôle (1) avec au moins une grandeur prévue (3) primaire, qui sert de grandeur de référence pour la grandeur mesurée primaire, en au moins une grandeur de commande (6), caractérisé en ce que le dispositif comprend au moins un processeur (10) pour l'adaptation d'au moins une grandeur prévue (3) primaire à des données individuelles par traitement d'au moins une grandeur mesurée (4) secondaire pouvant être influencée par l'utilisateur avec au moins une grandeur prévue (5) secondaire, qui sert de grandeur de référence pour la grandeur mesurée secondaire, la grandeur mesurée secondaire servant de source d'information sur le comportement des utilisateurs, et en ce que le dispositif comprend également un support d'enregistrement (11, 12) pour le stockage de données qui sont utilisées conjointement lors du traitement, ces données ou la nature du stockage de ces données contenant de l'information sur le comportement des utilisateurs dans le passé.
  9. Dispositif de contrôle (1) selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce qu'un actionneur (7), qui est influencé par une grandeur de commande (6) du dispositif de contrôle (1), est monté dans un boitier commun conjointement avec au moins un autre composant du dispositif de commande (1), en particulier un EEPROM (12), une alimentation (13) pour le dispositif de contrôle (1) ou une unité de traitement (14) pour le calcul de la grandeur de commande (6).
  10. Dispositif de contrôle (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 8 ou 9, caractérisé en ce que l'heure (203) est une grandeur mesurée (2) primaire, les temps d'enclenchement et de coupure sont une grandeur prévue (3) primaire, la fréquence d'utilisation est une grandeur mesurée (4) secondaire et une valeur limite de la fréquence d'utilisation est une grandeur prévue (5) secondaire, en ce qu'un intervalle d'utilisation caractéristique est prédéfini, en ce que cet intervalle d'utilisation est subdivisé en intervalles partiels, en ce que le dépassement ou le sous-dépassement de la valeur limite pour la fréquence d'utilisation est déterminé par la fréquence d'utilisation pour chaque intervalle partiel, en ce que des informations concernant le dépassement ou le sous-dépassement de la valeur limite de la fréquence d'utilisation sont stockées pendant les intervalles partiels dans le support d'enregistrement (12), en ce que les temps d'enclenchement et de coupure dans des intervalles d'utilisation postérieurs sont définis à l'aide des informations stockées sur le support d'enregistrement (12) non volatile, en ce que, en cas d'intervalles d'utilisation postérieurs, les temps d'enclenchement interviennent à l'intérieur de l'intervalle d'utilisation plus tôt que lorsqu'ils sont apparus réellement à l'intérieur d'un intervalle d'utilisation antérieur lors de l'enregistrement du dépassement de la valeur limite pour la fréquence d'utilisation, en ce que l'enclenchement de la charge commandée est supprimée provisoirement lorsqu'une utilisation ne se produit pas de façon répétée à des intervalles partiels, pour lesquels la valeur limite de la fréquence d'utilisation a été utilisée dans une période d'utilisation antérieure, en ce qu'un élément tampon garantit la continuité de l'heure en cas de panne de l'alimentation (9) et en ce qu'un actionneur (7), de préférence un relais, sert à la commande de la charge.
EP94924679A 1993-09-04 1994-09-02 Procede et dispositif permettant de minimiser la consommation en energie d'une charge electrique Expired - Lifetime EP0667968B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH270993 1993-09-04
CH270993 1993-09-04
CH2709/93 1993-09-04
CH266394 1994-08-31
CH2663/94 1994-08-31
CH266394 1994-08-31
PCT/CH1994/000172 WO1995007500A1 (fr) 1993-09-04 1994-09-02 Procede et dispositif permettant de minimiser la consommation en energie d'une charge electrique

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0667968A1 EP0667968A1 (fr) 1995-08-23
EP0667968B1 true EP0667968B1 (fr) 2000-06-28

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EP94924679A Expired - Lifetime EP0667968B1 (fr) 1993-09-04 1994-09-02 Procede et dispositif permettant de minimiser la consommation en energie d'une charge electrique

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Country Link
US (1) US5673202A (fr)
EP (1) EP0667968B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE194228T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU7488894A (fr)
DE (1) DE59409412D1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1995007500A1 (fr)

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US7200467B2 (en) * 2002-11-08 2007-04-03 Usa Technologies, Inc. Method and apparatus for power management control of a cooling system in a consumer accessible appliance
US6975926B2 (en) * 2002-11-08 2005-12-13 Usa Technologies, Inc. Method and apparatus for power management control of a compressor-based appliance that reduces electrical power consumption of an appliance
US7791282B2 (en) * 2006-11-28 2010-09-07 Hubbell Incorporated Motion sensor switch for 3-way light circuit and method of lighting control using the same
US11334851B1 (en) * 2007-05-18 2022-05-17 The Pnc Financial Services Group, Inc. Extending availability of business date driven applications
EP2650261B1 (fr) * 2012-04-10 2015-06-03 Scandinavian Innovation Group Oy Dispositif de désinfection pour distributeur d'eau

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US5673202A (en) 1997-09-30
DE59409412D1 (de) 2000-08-03
ATE194228T1 (de) 2000-07-15
AU7488894A (en) 1995-03-27
EP0667968A1 (fr) 1995-08-23
WO1995007500A1 (fr) 1995-03-16

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