EP0667649B1 - Antenne - Google Patents

Antenne Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0667649B1
EP0667649B1 EP19950300819 EP95300819A EP0667649B1 EP 0667649 B1 EP0667649 B1 EP 0667649B1 EP 19950300819 EP19950300819 EP 19950300819 EP 95300819 A EP95300819 A EP 95300819A EP 0667649 B1 EP0667649 B1 EP 0667649B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
antenna
array
elements
shape
linear array
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP19950300819
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0667649A1 (fr
Inventor
Roger Charles Webb
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nortel Networks Corp
Original Assignee
Northern Telecom Ltd
Nortel Networks Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from GB9402550A external-priority patent/GB9402550D0/en
Application filed by Northern Telecom Ltd, Nortel Networks Corp filed Critical Northern Telecom Ltd
Priority to EP19950300819 priority Critical patent/EP0667649B1/fr
Publication of EP0667649A1 publication Critical patent/EP0667649A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0667649B1 publication Critical patent/EP0667649B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
    • H01Q21/0075—Stripline fed arrays
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/06—Details
    • H01Q9/065—Microstrip dipole antennas

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a microstrip or triplate antenna having a linear array of radiating apertures or elements.
  • a form of triplate antenna comprises a pair of closely spaced correspondingly apertured ground planes with an interposed printed film circuit, electrically isolated from the ground planes, the film circuit providing excitation elements or probes within the areas of the apertures, to form dipoles, and a feed network for the dipoles.
  • an array antenna a plurality of such aperture/element configurations are spaced at regular intervals colinearly in the overall triplate structure.
  • the antenna may further comprise an unapertured ground plane placed parallel with and spaced from one of the apertured ground planes to form a rear reflector for the antenna.
  • This antenna construction lends itself to a cheap yet effective construction for a linear array antenna such as may be utilised for a cellular telephone base station. Such an antenna is disclosed in our copending patent application EP-92309808.1.
  • the present invention provides a layered antenna having a linear array of radiating elements, wherein each radiating element comprises an aperture with one or more probes which extend into the area defined by the aperture.
  • the elements are shaped about an axis parallel with a longitudinal axis of the linear array. By shaping the antenna in such a fashion the beam shape can be controlled. If the axis determined by the shape is parallel with the arrangement of feed probes which extend into apertures of the feed elements, then the beam width in azimuth can reliably be controlled.
  • the array of elements comprises two planar portions angled with respect to each other about said axis. Preferably the planar portions on either side of said axis define an angle therebetween which is less than 180°. The planar portions can both be both flat .
  • the elements are deformed such that they have a uniform radius of curvature from said axis, which axis can be behind the array.
  • An antenna in accordance with another aspect of the invention can comprise a single radiating element including an aperture with two coaxial probes which extend into the area defined by the aperture, wherein the element has a shape about an axis parallel with an axis defined by the probes, which shape is non-planar such as to control the beamwidth.
  • a reflecting ground plane can be situated behind the array.
  • the reflecting ground plane is flat.
  • the reflecting ground plane acts to increase forward gain of the antenna.
  • a method of manufacturing a layered antenna having a linear array of radiating apertures or elements wherein an initially flat triplate or microstrip structure is shaped about a longitudinal axis parallel with a longitudinal axis of the linear array of elements.
  • the shaping can be effected by creasing the initially flat structure about an axis coincident with the longitudinal axis of the array or by curving the initially flat structure about a longitudinal axis parallel with and spaced from the longitudinal axis of the array.
  • a method of manufacturing a layered antenna having a linear array of radiating apertures or elements comprising a first apertured gound plane, a dielectric having a feed circuit printed thereon and a second ground plane, wherein the gound planes are shaped about an axis parallel with a longitudinal axis of the linear array prior to the placement of the dielectric film in a spaced apart relation therebetween, so that the shape of the antenna is non-planar such as to control the beamwidth of the array.
  • a method of receiving and transmitting radio signals in a cellular arrangement including an antenna element or array comprising a layered antenna including an element or a linear array of radiating elements wherein the elements are shaped about an axis parallel with a longitudinal axis of the linear array, which shape determines or helps to determine the beamwidth or shape of the radiation pattern of the antenna in azimuth .
  • a method of receiving and transmitting signals by means of a layered antenna comprising the steps of distributing such signals between a plurality of radiating elements provided by such antenna, with opposed portions of the radiating elements being arranged about an axis common to such opposed portions, and distributing the signals between such opposed portions such that the angle determines or helps to determine the beamwidth or shape of the radiation pattern of the antenna in azimuth .
  • the array antenna is constructed of a first apertured metal or ground plane 10, a second like metal or ground plane 12 and an interposed film circuit 14.
  • the planes 10 and 12 are thin metal sheets, e.g. of aluminium, which are initially flat, as shown in Figure 1, and have substantially identical arrays of apertures 11 formed therein by, e.g. press punching.
  • the apertures are rectangular and formed as a single linear array.
  • the film circuit 14 comprises a printed copper circuit pattern 14a on a thin dielectric film 14b. When sandwiched between the apertured ground planes part of the copper pattern 14a provides probes 16, 18 which extend into the areas of the apertures.
  • the probes are electrically connected to a common feed point by the remainder of the printed circuit pattern which forms a feed conductor network in a conventional manner.
  • the totality of probes in the array form a vertically polarised antenna when the linear array is positioned vertically.
  • the film circuit is located between and spaced from the ground planes by sheets of foamed dielectric material 22.
  • Alternative mechanical means for maintaining the separation of the feed conductor network may be employed, especially if the feed network is supported on a rigid dielectric.
  • the triplate structure is fabricated as a flat structure in the conventional manner.
  • the structure is then deliberately shaped about an axis parallel with the linear array of apertures.
  • the triplate structure is creased along an axis 20 substantially colinear with the linear arrangement of probes 16, 18.
  • the two flat portions 24, 26 of the structure on either side of the crease together define an angle ⁇ .
  • the beamwidth and shape of the radiation pattern of the antenna in azimuth are controlled by the angle ⁇ . in conjunction with the transverse dimension x of the apertures.
  • the angle ⁇ . defined by the rear face of the triplate structure may be greater or lesser than 180°.
  • the antenna can also be fabricated using ground planes which have already been shaped e.g. aluminium ground planes that have been shaped about a desired axis by stamping, bending or otherwise. These pre-formed ground planes are then connected together with the antenna feed network placed betwen in a spaced apart relationship. If the feed netwok comprises a dielectric film or sheet with a circuit printed thereon, then dielectric spacers such as plastics foam sheets may be used to maintain the feed network correctly spaced from the ground planes. Alternatively, the ground planes could be formed of a moulded plastics material to which is applied a metallic coating.
  • the linear apertured array is provided with a flat, unapertured ground plane 28, e.g. a metal plate, acting as a reflector situated at a distance behind the creased array.
  • a flat, unapertured ground plane 28 e.g. a metal plate, acting as a reflector situated at a distance behind the creased array.
  • the linear apertured array may be curved rather than creased, the curvation being defined by the radial distance from an axis of rotation some distance behind, or in front of, the apertured array.
  • the antenna functions in a similar fashion to an ordinary antenna.
  • radio signals are fed to the antenna feed network 14a by, for example, coaxial wires from a base station controller, via diplexers and amplifiers.
  • the feed network divides so that probes 16 and 18 radiate within the areas defined by the apertures 11, 13 whereby the angle ⁇ defined between the planar portions 24 and 26 determines the azimuthal beamwidth.
  • the antenna also operates with an increased azimuthal beamwidth by virtue of the angle ⁇ defined between the planar portions 24 and 26.

Claims (9)

  1. Antenne à couches ayant une matrice linéaire d'éléments rayonnants, dans laquelle chaque élément rayonnant comprend un orifice ayant une ou plusieurs sondes pénétrant dans la région délimitée par l'orifice, caractérisée en ce que les éléments ont une configuration formée autour d'un axe parallèle à un axe longitudinal de la matrice linéaire, cette configuration n'étant pas plane de manière que la largeur du faisceau de la matrice soit réglée.
  2. Antenne selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle la matrice linéaire des éléments comprend deux parties planes inclinées l'une par rapport à l'autre autour de l'axe.
  3. Antenne selon la revendication 2, caractérisée en ce que les parties planes sont toutes deux plates.
  4. Antenne selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que les éléments ont une configuration telle qu'ils ont un rayon de courbure uniforme par rapport à l'axe.
  5. Antenne à couches comprenant un élément rayonnant qui comprend un orifice ayant une ou plusieurs sondes pénétrant dans la région délimitée par l'orifice, caractérisée en ce que l'élément a une configuration formée autour d'un axe parallèle à un axe délimité par les sondes, cette configuration n'étant pas plane de manière que la largeur du faisceau de l'antenne soit réglée.
  6. Antenne selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce qu'un plan réfléchissant de masse est placé derrière la matrice.
  7. Procédé de fabrication d'une antenne à couches ayant une matrice linéaire d'éléments ou orifices rayonnants, l'antenne comprenant un premier plan de masse à orifices, un diélectrique ayant un circuit d'alimentation imprimé à sa surface et un second plan de masse à orifices, caractérisé en ce que les plans de masse ont une configuration donnée autour d'un axe parallèle à un axe longitudinal de la matrice linéaire avant la disposition du film diélectrique à distance entre ces plans afin que la configuration de l'antenne ne soit pas plane et permette le réglage de la largeur du faisceau de la matrice.
  8. Procédé de fabrication d'une antenne à couches ayant une matrice linéaire d'éléments ou orifices rayonnants, l'antenne comprenant un premier plan de masse à orifices, un diélectrique sur lequel est imprimé un circuit d'alimentation et un second plan de masse, le diélectrique étant placé à distance des plans de masse, caractérisé en ce qu'une structure initialement plate à microbande ou plaque triple est mise en forme autour d'un axe longitudinal parallèle à un axe longitudinal de la matrice linéaire d'éléments de manière que la configuration de l'antenne ne soit pas plane et permette le réglage de la largeur du faisceau de la matrice.
  9. Procédé de réception et d'émission de signaux radioélectriques dans un ensemble cellulaire comprenant une matrice d'antenne selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6.
EP19950300819 1994-02-10 1995-02-09 Antenne Expired - Lifetime EP0667649B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP19950300819 EP0667649B1 (fr) 1994-02-10 1995-02-09 Antenne

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9402550 1994-02-10
GB9402550A GB9402550D0 (en) 1994-02-10 1994-02-10 Antenna
EP95300211 1995-01-13
EP95300211 1995-01-13
EP19950300819 EP0667649B1 (fr) 1994-02-10 1995-02-09 Antenne

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0667649A1 EP0667649A1 (fr) 1995-08-16
EP0667649B1 true EP0667649B1 (fr) 1998-09-30

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19950300819 Expired - Lifetime EP0667649B1 (fr) 1994-02-10 1995-02-09 Antenne

Country Status (1)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0667649B1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2308012B (en) * 1995-12-05 1999-11-17 Northern Telecom Ltd A radiation shielding device

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1398262A (en) * 1971-08-05 1975-06-18 Emi Ltd Aerials
FR2505097A1 (fr) * 1981-05-04 1982-11-05 Labo Electronique Physique Element rayonnant ou recepteur de signaux hyperfrequences a polarisations circulaires et antenne plane hyperfrequence comprenant un reseau de tels elements
GB2261554B (en) * 1991-11-15 1995-05-24 Northern Telecom Ltd Flat plate antenna

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0667649A1 (fr) 1995-08-16

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