EP0487053A1 - Antenne - Google Patents

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Publication number
EP0487053A1
EP0487053A1 EP91119764A EP91119764A EP0487053A1 EP 0487053 A1 EP0487053 A1 EP 0487053A1 EP 91119764 A EP91119764 A EP 91119764A EP 91119764 A EP91119764 A EP 91119764A EP 0487053 A1 EP0487053 A1 EP 0487053A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
conductive
unit
conductive sections
wide
sections
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP91119764A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Geza Dienes
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Commscope Technologies AG
Commscope Technologies LLC
Original Assignee
Andrew AG
Andrew LLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Andrew AG, Andrew LLC filed Critical Andrew AG
Publication of EP0487053A1 publication Critical patent/EP0487053A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/20—Non-resonant leaky-waveguide or transmission-line antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/206—Microstrip transmission line antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/08—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart the units being spaced along or adjacent to a rectilinear path
    • H01Q21/10—Collinear arrangements of substantially straight elongated conductive units
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q25/00—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns
    • H01Q25/005—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns providing two patterns of opposite direction; back to back antennas

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to antennas for radio frequency communication and, more particularly, to polarized antennas for radio communication in frequency ranges above about 100 MHz.
  • antenna structures While numerous antenna structures have been designed with the above objectives in mind, each has compromised cost and/or performance.
  • This type of antenna system is costly to manufacture and maintain due to the number of dipoles and related mounting components.
  • a general object of the present invention is to provide an improved antenna structure that is reliable, accurate and cost-effective to manufacture and sell.
  • a more specific object of the present invention is to provide an improved antenna structure that may be manufactured using a pair of opposing sheets of conductive material, which may be punched or etched from a single piece of sheet metal.
  • first conductive section having alternating wide and narrow portions
  • second conductive section having alternating wide and narrow portions which are arranged opposite the narrow and wide portions, respectively, of the first conductive section.
  • the first and second conductive sections are secured together with a gap formed therebetween such that the first and second conductive sections form an elongated unit having a first end and a second end.
  • a coaxial cable is electrically coupled to the first and second conductive sections for coupling a radio frequency (RF) signal to the antenna.
  • RF radio frequency
  • at least one end of the unit is terminated, and a radome is used to enclose the unit.
  • the unit is terminated by a conductor at only one end, and the other end of the unit is used for interfacing to the coaxial cable.
  • the unit is shorted at both ends, and a coaxial cable is electrically coupled to the first and second conductive sections, near the center of the unit, for coupling the radio frequency signal to the antenna.
  • the present invention is directed to radio frequency antenna applications in which signals are transmitted and/or received in the frequency range of about 100 MHz. to 10,000 (or higher) MHz.
  • Some of the intended uses for the present invention concern signal transmission or reception at RF base stations in cellular telephone systems, personal communication network systems (e.g., operating between 1700-1900 MHz.), microwave distribution systems and multipoint distribution systems.
  • each conductive section 10 and 12 includes alternating wide and narrow portions (or elements).
  • the narrow elements are depicted 14a-17a, and the wide elements are depicted 18a-21a.
  • the wide elements are depicted 14b-17b, and the narrow elements are depicted 18b-21b.
  • the wide elements for the first conductive section 10 are arranged opposite the narrow elements for the second conductive section 12, and vice-versa, to provide radiation from the sections 10 and 12 having a polarization that is parallel to the length of the structure shown.
  • Each conductive section 10 or 12 is preferably punched or etched from a metallic plate, e.g., a 1/32 inch thick brass plate, so that the two conductive sections may be arranged substantially parallel to one another.
  • the wide elements are preferably shaped and arranged in order to inhibit capacitance building up in the gap between the sections 10 and 12. This may be accomplished using obtuse-angled corners forming a non-rectangular shape for each wide element, with top and bottom edges 24 and 26 being rounded or angled.
  • a plastic radome is used to enclose the elongated unit comprising the sections 10 and 12, as depicted by 51 of FIG. 2.
  • the gap may be maintained between the first and second conductive sections 10 and 12 using nonconductive screws (or bolts) 30, such as nylon screws, with a spacer 32 separating the sections 10 and 12 and a nut 34 securing the spacer 32.
  • nonconductive screws or bolts
  • such screw-spacer-nut assemblies are located at every other pair of opposing elements 14-21.
  • nonconductive foam-like material 40 with a low dielectric constant may be placed in the gap and adhered to the inside surfaces of the first and second conductive sections 10 and 12, for example, using glue, to maintain the gap therebetween.
  • Such material 40 may be used to fill the gap or may be selectively placed therein to provide the requisite support.
  • the desired gap may be approximated by viewing each wide and narrow element pair as a microstrip line structure.
  • Z0 as the characteristic impedance in Ohms
  • W being the width of the narrow conductor
  • E r being the relative dielectric constant of the material in the space between the conductors
  • a coaxial cable having a diameter chosen so as not to exceed the width of the narrow element, is preferably electrically coupled to the first and second conductive sections for coupling a radio frequency signal to the antenna of FIG. 1.
  • This coupling may be implemented using end feeding or center feeding.
  • coaxial cable is preferably run along the sections adjacent and inside the radome; thus, the cable may be an integral part of the antenna structure thereby eliminating the difficulties encountered in coaxial colinear antenna arrays where the feeding cable must not be allowed to re-radiate RF signals and must be electrically isolated from the radiating elements.
  • the present invention therefore obviates the need for RF chokes and/or similar devices required by the prior art.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 illustrate an end feeding implementation with a conventional SMA coaxial connector 42 coupling the coaxial cable 43 to the sections 10 and 12.
  • a tear-drop-shaped extension 44 of the section 10 which may be used as a balanced feeding network to couple energy onto the sections 10 and 12.
  • a narrow portion 45 of the section 12 extends down on the opposite side of the extension 44 so that the inner conductor of the cable 43 may be soldered thereto.
  • the outer conductor, via the connector 42, is soldered (or otherwise secured) to the extension 44 in an aperture through the extension 44.
  • the inner conductor of the cable 43 is exposed in the gap between the sections 10 and 12.
  • the unit comprising sections 10 and 12 may be terminated using a short or an open at the pair of elements at the end opposite the feeding.
  • shorting termination is provided using a conductive rod (or block) 50 electrically connected and secured to the sections 10 and 12.
  • the conductive rod 50 should be located at the center of elements 14a and 14b.
  • an open termination may be implemented simply in the absence of any termination elements.
  • FIGS. 6 and 7 illustrate center feeding for coupling a radio frequency signal to the antenna of FIG. 1.
  • a conventional SMA coaxial connector 42 is used to couple the coaxial cable 43 to the sections 10 and 12.
  • the coaxial connector 42 is secured directly to the sections 10 and 12, via an aperture through the section 10 centered at the approximate point at which the middle, wide element meets the middle, narrow element.
  • termination for the center feeding structure of FIGS. 6 and 7 may be implemented in essentially the same manner, preferably using a conductive rod 50 electrically connected and secured to the sections 10 and 12, as illustrated in FIGS. 4 and 5. However, rather than at only one end of the unit, this termination should be implemented at the centers of the elements at both ends.
  • the practical bandwidth of the structures shown in FIGS. 1-7 is determined principally by the length of the structure. For maximum gain, the entire structure should be close to resonance. Keeping the antenna gain change within 0.5 dB, the bandwidth for a 6 wavelength long antenna is about 10 percent, and the bandwidth for a 10 wavelength long antenna is about 6 percent.
  • Two exemplary embodiments operating at a 2300 MHz. center frequency were designed. The first is an end-fed array of six (pairs of) elements, the second is a center-fed array of twelve (pairs of) elements.
  • a center frequency of 2500 Mhz. was used and the length of elements were based on a 100 percent velocity of propagation. The difference between center frequencies was due to the capacitive loading of the wide elements and the dielectric between the antenna halves.
  • the measured elevation patterns for the 12 element array are illustrated in FIG. 8.
  • the patterns which are usable over a 10 percent range, exhibit a shape and beamwidth with sidelobes slightly higher than a perfect antenna would have.
  • the measured directivity at 2300 MHz. (using pattern integration) is 8.15 dBd compared with 8.40 dBd of ra perfect antenna of the same aperture.
  • the directivity exceeds 7.4 dBd over a 10 percent bandwidth which is better than competitive antennas with similar directivities.
  • the Azimuth pattern of the antenna is omnidirectional and will become increasingly oblong as the width of the wide element exceeds four times the width of the narrow element or 0.25 wavelength.
  • the shape of the Azimuth pattern is essentially constant with frequency within a 10 percent band.
  • the element admittance is also important since the sum of the admittances of all elements should be about equal to the characteristic admittance of the antenna structure. This facilitates tuning and improves broadband performance for the pattern and input VSWR.
  • the radiation resistance (that is, the part of the RF energy that is radiated) is dependent on the following factors:
  • the input impedance of the twelve element array is shown in FIGS. 9 and 10.
  • the process of compressing the impedance variation from that shown on FIG. 9 was achieved by (a) increasing the element admittance by changing the element width from 1 inch to 1.5 inches and final to 2 inches; and (b) by reducing the capacitive loading between elements by shaping the wide element as shown in FIGS. 2, 4 and 6.
  • the final result is such that a simple impedance transformer is all that is needed to produce an input VSWR from about 1.5:1, as shown in FIG. 9 to 1.35:1 as shown FIG. 10.
  • the gap between the sections 10 and 12 at 0.125 inch
  • the height of each element e.g., element 14, at 2.36 inches
  • the width of the wide elements e.g., 18a and 15b, at 1.00 inch
  • the width of the narrow elements e.g., 18b and 15a, at 0.250 inch.
  • the present invention provides a cost-effective and accurate antenna structure for RF communication. While the inventive antenna structure has been particularly shown and described with reference to certain embodiments, it will be recognized by those skilled in the art that modifications and changes may be made to the present invention described above without departing from the spirit and scope thereof.

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  • Details Of Aerials (AREA)
EP91119764A 1990-11-23 1991-11-19 Antenne Withdrawn EP0487053A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US61815290A 1990-11-23 1990-11-23
US618152 1990-11-23

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0487053A1 true EP0487053A1 (fr) 1992-05-27

Family

ID=24476523

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP91119764A Withdrawn EP0487053A1 (fr) 1990-11-23 1991-11-19 Antenne

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0487053A1 (fr)
AU (1) AU8799291A (fr)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2263581A (en) * 1992-01-23 1993-07-28 Andrew Corp Microwave antenna with a tubular radome
EP0618637A1 (fr) * 1993-04-02 1994-10-05 Andrew A.G. Structure d'antenne
EP0757406A1 (fr) * 1995-08-03 1997-02-05 Globalstar L.P. Structure d'antenne pour terminal de communication par satellites
EP0855760A2 (fr) * 1997-01-22 1998-07-29 Radio Frequency Systems, Inc Antenne microruban et colinéaire
WO2000011748A2 (fr) * 1998-08-19 2000-03-02 Allgon Ab Antenne comprenant des organes de connexion coulissants
EP1611638A2 (fr) * 2003-04-08 2006-01-04 Centurion Wireless Technologies, Inc. Reseaux d'antennes et leurs procedes de fabrication
WO2006086658A1 (fr) 2005-02-11 2006-08-17 Cornwell, James Systeme d'antenne
JP2011066778A (ja) * 2009-09-18 2011-03-31 Nec Corp コリニアアンテナ
WO2014073355A1 (fr) * 2012-11-07 2014-05-15 株式会社村田製作所 Antenne réseau
WO2024074821A1 (fr) * 2022-10-05 2024-04-11 Far Field Exploits Limited Antenne radiofréquence améliorée

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2632772A1 (de) * 1976-07-21 1978-01-26 Licentia Gmbh Mikrowellen-richtantenne
GB2142475A (en) * 1983-06-29 1985-01-16 Decca Ltd Wide beam microwave antenna

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2632772A1 (de) * 1976-07-21 1978-01-26 Licentia Gmbh Mikrowellen-richtantenne
GB2142475A (en) * 1983-06-29 1985-01-16 Decca Ltd Wide beam microwave antenna

Non-Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 1, no. 35 (1864)(E-76), 15 April 1977; & JP - A - 51132058 (MITSUBISHI DENKI) 16.11.1976 *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 3, no. 60 (26)(E-112), 23 May 1979; & JP - A - 5437663 (MITSUBISHI DENKI) 20.03.1979 *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 3, no. 66 (2)(E-115) 7 June 1979; & JP - A - 5443446 (MITSUBISHI DENKI) 04.06.1979 *
TRANS. INS. ELECTR. & COMM. ENGINEERS OF JAPAN vol. E63, no. 1, January 1980, pages 58-60; M. ONO et al.: "A High-Gain Omnidirectional Antenna Made of a Printed Element" *

Cited By (25)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2263581A (en) * 1992-01-23 1993-07-28 Andrew Corp Microwave antenna with a tubular radome
GB2263581B (en) * 1992-01-23 1995-10-04 Andrew Corp Parallel conductor transmission line antenna
EP0618637A1 (fr) * 1993-04-02 1994-10-05 Andrew A.G. Structure d'antenne
AU675824B2 (en) * 1993-04-02 1997-02-20 Andrew Corporation Improved antenna structure
EP0757406A1 (fr) * 1995-08-03 1997-02-05 Globalstar L.P. Structure d'antenne pour terminal de communication par satellites
EP0855760A2 (fr) * 1997-01-22 1998-07-29 Radio Frequency Systems, Inc Antenne microruban et colinéaire
EP0855760A3 (fr) * 1997-01-22 1998-08-05 Radio Frequency Systems, Inc Antenne microruban et colinéaire
US5963168A (en) * 1997-01-22 1999-10-05 Radio Frequency Systems, Inc. Antenna having double-sided printed circuit board with collinear, alternating and opposing radiating elements and microstrip transmission lines
GB2357637B (en) * 1998-08-19 2003-07-16 Allgon Ab Antenna device comprising sliding connector means
WO2000011748A3 (fr) * 1998-08-19 2000-06-02 Allgon Ab Antenne comprenant des organes de connexion coulissants
GB2357637A (en) * 1998-08-19 2001-06-27 Allgon Ab Antenna device comprising sliding connector means
US6392604B1 (en) * 1998-08-19 2002-05-21 Allgon Ab Antenna device comprising sliding connector means
WO2000011748A2 (fr) * 1998-08-19 2000-03-02 Allgon Ab Antenne comprenant des organes de connexion coulissants
EP1611638A2 (fr) * 2003-04-08 2006-01-04 Centurion Wireless Technologies, Inc. Reseaux d'antennes et leurs procedes de fabrication
EP1611638A4 (fr) * 2003-04-08 2006-04-19 Centurion Wireless Tech Inc Reseaux d'antennes et leurs procedes de fabrication
US7518554B2 (en) 2003-04-08 2009-04-14 Centurion Wireless Technologies, Inc. Antenna arrays and methods of making the same
EP1856767A4 (fr) * 2005-02-11 2008-08-13 Cornwell James Systeme d'antenne
EP1856767A1 (fr) * 2005-02-11 2007-11-21 James Cornwell Systeme d'antenne
WO2006086658A1 (fr) 2005-02-11 2006-08-17 Cornwell, James Systeme d'antenne
EP2363916A3 (fr) * 2005-02-11 2011-11-09 Kaonetics Technologies, Inc. Système d'antenne
US8149174B2 (en) 2005-02-11 2012-04-03 Kaonetics Technologies, Inc. Antenna system
JP2011066778A (ja) * 2009-09-18 2011-03-31 Nec Corp コリニアアンテナ
WO2014073355A1 (fr) * 2012-11-07 2014-05-15 株式会社村田製作所 Antenne réseau
US9698487B2 (en) 2012-11-07 2017-07-04 Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Array antenna
WO2024074821A1 (fr) * 2022-10-05 2024-04-11 Far Field Exploits Limited Antenne radiofréquence améliorée

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU8799291A (en) 1992-05-28

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