EP0663062B1 - Procede et regenerateur de transfert thermique - Google Patents

Procede et regenerateur de transfert thermique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0663062B1
EP0663062B1 EP93920868A EP93920868A EP0663062B1 EP 0663062 B1 EP0663062 B1 EP 0663062B1 EP 93920868 A EP93920868 A EP 93920868A EP 93920868 A EP93920868 A EP 93920868A EP 0663062 B1 EP0663062 B1 EP 0663062B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fluidized bed
circulating fluidized
regenerator
solids
flow
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP93920868A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0663062A1 (fr
Inventor
Seppo Ruottu
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Neste Oyj
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Neste Oyj
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/18—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
    • B01J8/24—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles according to "fluidised-bed" technique
    • B01J8/26—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles according to "fluidised-bed" technique with two or more fluidised beds, e.g. reactor and regeneration installations
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D13/00—Heat-exchange apparatus using a fluidised bed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D19/00—Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus in which the intermediate heat-transfer medium or body is moved successively into contact with each heat-exchange medium
    • F28D19/02—Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus in which the intermediate heat-transfer medium or body is moved successively into contact with each heat-exchange medium using granular particles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method of regenerative heat transfer from one flow to another based on the use of circulating fluidized bed reactors.
  • the method can be employed to solve problems associated with conventional fixed-element, fixed-bed and fluidized-bed heat regenerators.
  • Heat transfer from one flow to another is one of the basic unit processes in process and energy technology.
  • heat transfer is implemented chiefly using two heat exchanger types called recuperative or regenerative according to their operating principle.
  • recuperative heat exchangers heat transfer takes place via a nonpermeable wall which isolates the flows from each other.
  • thermal energy is conducted directly through the wall from one flow to another.
  • a specific subgroup of recuperative heat exchangers is formed by the so-called intermediate circulation recuperators in which a heat transfer medium is recirculated between two recuperative heat exchangers.
  • Such heat exchangers are employed in, e.g., nuclear power plants in which it is necessary to assure that the high-activity flow cannot mix with the secondary circulation in accident situations.
  • recuperative heat exchangers are related to the erosion, corrosion and temperature of the heat exchanger vessel wall materials. Today, no practical wall materials are available for conditions exhibiting high mechanical or chemical stresses.
  • recuperators The highest allowable temperature in recuperators is often limited by the strength properties of the wall material. Moreover, recuperators are expensive and restricted in their control possibilities. Good controllability can, however, be achieved in intermediate-circulation recuperators.
  • Regenerative heat exchangers thermal energy is transferred by way of allowing the heated heat-transferring medium to release energy into a colder flow and then reheating the cooled heat-transferring medium in a hotter flow.
  • Regenerative heat exchangers are further divided into cyclically and continuously operating types on the basis of their operating principle.
  • regenerators In continuously operating regenerators the heat-storing medium is continually recirculated from one flow to another.
  • the best-known type of continuously operating regenerator is the Ljungström regenerator in which a rotating, cylindrically shaped heat exchanger disc transfers thermal energy from one material flow to another.
  • This regenerator type has been modified for different applications such as, for example, the air-conditioning regenerator which additionally provides moisture transfer on surfaces coated with lithium chloride paste.
  • regenerators based on granular heat transfer media are known in the art.
  • regenerators having the granular heat transfer medium in the fixed-bed state and the heat transfer medium is then mechanically recirculated between the layers of the bed.
  • German patent DE 3,225,838 /A/ employs a granulated heat transfer medium (e.g., porcelain pellets) for heat transfer between the gas flows.
  • the granular bed material is fluidized, whereby the pellets remain clean and clogging of the heat exchanger is avoided.
  • US patent 4,307,773 discloses another type of process and apparatus in which a regenerator system based on bubbling fluidized bed layers is employed for heat recovery from contaminating gases.
  • different types of regenerators are known based on alternate heating/cooling of granular material in separate, parallel, bubbling fluidized bed layers.
  • UK patent 2,118,702 A discloses a regenerator based on downward dribbling fixed bed layers.
  • regenerators based on a fixed heat transfer element and fixed layered zones of granular material is how to keep them clean. Also the prevention of flows from mixing with each other causes sealing problems in these regenerators. Furthermore, the temperature differentials formed into the heat transfer material impose mechanical stresses which limit the life of the heat transfer element or material.
  • a drawback of the layered fixed bed regenerator is the channelling of flows in the fixed bed layers. Moreover, the fixed bed layers obviously develop inevitable temperature gradients in the direction of the flow and the temperature of a layer is difficult to control.
  • the flow velocities In fluidized bed reactors the flow velocities must be adapted according to the physical properties of the heat transfer material employed, and the control range of the regenerator is limited between the minimum fluidization velocity and the pneumatic transportation velocity. In practice this means that the heat transfer medium of the regenerator must have a coarse granular size, or alternatively, the flow velocities employed must be kept low. Furthermore, the recirculation of the heat transfer medium between the fluidized bed layers in a manner avoiding excessive mixing of the layers is problematic. This problem is accentuated at high pressure differentials between the heat-transferring flows. Herein, it is generally necessary to use mechanical valves whose wear and temperature limitations eliminate an essential portion of the benefits of this regenerator type.
  • Prior-art fluidized-bed and fixed-bed regenerators require the use of a mechanical or pneumatic conveyor for recycling the heat transfer medium from the lower unit to the upper unit.
  • a mechanical or pneumatic conveyor for recycling the heat transfer medium from the lower unit to the upper unit.
  • such conveyors are almost impossible to implement.
  • the recycling system of the granular heat transfer medium is a characterizing property of the present regenerator invention.
  • Fig. 1 shows the basic construction of a regenerator according to the invention comprised of two circulating fluidized bed regenerators A and B, each comprised of a chamber 1, a cyclone 2 and a return channel 3, while the regenerators are connected as illustrated in Fig. 1.
  • the flows participating in the heat transfer enter the regenerator via nozzles 9 and mix with the particles recirculated in the circulating fluidized bed reactor in the lower part of chambers 1.
  • the temperature differentials between the flow and the recirculated particles is rapidly equalized and the flow in practice assumes the temperature of the isothermic chamber.
  • the flow carries the particles upward through the chambers 1 into inlet channels 10 of cyclones 2, through which the suspended medium enters the cyclone chamber 2 tangentially.
  • the particles are separated from the gas flow which next exits via a central pipe 11.
  • the separated particles land on the bottom of the cyclone chamber 2, where the upper surfaces 12 are kept at a desired level.
  • the levels of the surfaces 12 are determined so that the surface in one cyclone is adjusted to an accurately controlled level, while the surface level in the other cyclone varies within predetermined limits dictated by the amount of recirculated material and the running conditions.
  • From the cyclones the recirculated material is routed into channels 3 and 4 as shown in Fig. 1. A portion of the recirculated material is directed via the channels 3 and a pneumatic valve 6 back to chamber 1.
  • the internal recirculations of the reactors A and B can be used for controlling the amount of particles contained in the chambers 1, whereby in comparison to a situation without internal recirculations, a lower chamber can be employed, for instance.
  • the internal recirculations can also be utilized to assure the cleanliness of the regenerator chambers at low volume rates of the recirculating material between the chambers.
  • From the bottom part of the channel 4, a portion of the recirculating particles of reactor A are transferred via a pneumatic valve 8 to reactor B.
  • the operation of the pneumatic valves 6 and 8 is based on the control of the supporting reactive force at the lower part of the fixed bed layers with the help of a gas flow of very low volume rate.
  • the channel 4 can be advantageously tilted in some cases, thus permitting horizontal transfer of the particles, yet preventing in the above-described manner the flows from mixing with each other. If a pressure differential between the units of the regenerator configuration is very high, in some cases the channel 4 can be divided into several series-connected sections to avoid the regenerator height from becoming excessive.
  • the configuration of two parallel connected reactors can be replaced by multiple parallel-connected reactors operating at different temperature levels, whereby their mutual gas and solids flows can be connected in varied ways.
  • reactor units can also be operated in a series connection.
  • desired kinds of chemical processes can be implemented.
  • the described regenerator can also be employed for implementing a chemical or physical process, particularly when an accurate temperature control is crucial for running the process.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
  • Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Other Air-Conditioning Systems (AREA)

Claims (8)

  1. Un procédé de transfert thermique régénératif d'un flux à un autre,
    dans lequel le régénérateur comprend deux réacteurs de circulation à lit fluidisé ou plus connectés en parallèle, dans chacun desquels le flux participant au cycle de transfert thermique est acheminé jusqu'à la partie inférieure d'une chambre (1) où le flux participant au cycle de transfert thermique est mis en contact avec le milieu de solides pulvérisés transférant la chaleur qui entre dans la chambre à la fois depuis un canal d'entrée (4) des circulations externes d'un ou plusieurs réacteurs de circulation à lit fluidisé du régénérateur et depuis un canal d'entrée (3) de la circulation interne dudit réacteur de circulation à lit fluidisé et ledit milieu de solides est élevé en même temps que le flux participant au cycle de transfert thermique à travers la chambre (1) dans l'intérieur d'un cyclone (2) du même réacteur de circulation à lit fluidisé, d'où le milieu de solides séparé est acheminé jusqu'à l'extrémité supérieure du canal (4) le long duquel une portion du flux de solides est enlevée, à un taux volumique désiré, jusqu'à l'autre réacteur de circulation à lit fluidisé du régénérateur et le reste du flux de solides séparé dans le cyclone est enlevé le long du canal (3) en retour jusqu'à la partie inférieure du même réacteur de circulation à lit fluidisé et le flux participant au cycle de transfert thermique, maintenant exempt des particules du milieu de solides, sort par l'intermédiaire d'une conduite (11) du réacteur de circulation à lit fluidisé.
  2. Un procédé tel que défini dans la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce que le milieu de solides se déplace vers le bas dans un état de lit fixe dans au moins une certaine section du canal (4) connectant les réacteurs de circulation à lit fluidisé du régénérateur.
  3. Un procédé tel que défini dans la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce que la surface supérieure du lit de solides (12) dans l'un des réacteurs de circulation à lit fluidisé est ajustée par l'intermédiaire d'un dispositif de commande de niveau constant, tandis que la surface supérieure du lit de solides (12) dans l'autre des réacteurs de circulation à lit fluidisé est autorisée à s'auto-ajuster librement selon la quantité de milieu de solides mis en recirculation et les conditions de marche.
  4. Un procédé tel que défini dans la revendication 3,
    caractérisé en ce que, dans au moins un des réacteurs de circulation à lit fluidisé du régénérateur, l'ajustement de la surface supérieure du lit de solides (12) dans l'un des réacteurs de circulation à lit fluidisé a lieu en dirigeant le flux de milieu de solides séparé par le cyclone (2) d'abord jusque dans le canal (4) d'où une portion désirée est contrôlée à l'aide de la valve de commande (8) du milieu de circulation jusqu'à l'autre réacteur de circulation à lit fluidisé du régénérateur, tandis que le reste du flux de milieu de solides est acheminé sous forme d'un débordement jusque dans le canal (3).
  5. Un procédé tel que défini dans une quelconque revendication précédente,
    caractérisé en ce que le contrôle des valves (6) et (8) de milieu de circulation se fait en affectant les réactions de force de support formées aux parties inférieures des couches de lit fixe dans les canaux (3) et (4) au moyen d'un flux de gaz.
  6. Un procédé tel que défini dans la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce que les flux de milieu de solides du régénérateur, qui comprend trois réacteurs de circulation à lit fluidisé ou plus, forment des boucles incorporant au moins trois réacteurs de circulation à lit fluidisé.
  7. Un procédé tel que défini dans la revendication 1 ou 6,
    caractérisé en ce que le flux de sortie de solides d'au moins un réacteur de circulation à lit fluidisé du régénérateur, qui comprend trois réacteurs de circulation à lit fluidisé ou plus, est relié au flux d'entrée de solides d'un autre réacteur de circulation à lit fluidisé du régénérateur.
  8. Un procédé tel que défini dans la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce que les réactions chimiques ont lieu dans au moins un des réacteurs de circulation à lit fluidisé du système de régénérateur.
EP93920868A 1992-10-02 1993-09-24 Procede et regenerateur de transfert thermique Expired - Lifetime EP0663062B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI924438A FI96136C (fi) 1992-10-02 1992-10-02 Menetelmä lämmön siirtämiseksi regeneratiivisesti
FI924438 1992-10-02
PCT/FI1993/000387 WO1994008194A1 (fr) 1992-10-02 1993-09-24 Procede et regenerateur de transfert thermique

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0663062A1 EP0663062A1 (fr) 1995-07-19
EP0663062B1 true EP0663062B1 (fr) 1998-01-28

Family

ID=8535961

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP93920868A Expired - Lifetime EP0663062B1 (fr) 1992-10-02 1993-09-24 Procede et regenerateur de transfert thermique

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US6276441B1 (fr)
EP (1) EP0663062B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH08501869A (fr)
AT (1) ATE162886T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU671296B2 (fr)
CA (1) CA2145084C (fr)
DE (1) DE69316763T2 (fr)
FI (1) FI96136C (fr)
WO (1) WO1994008194A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2937875A1 (fr) * 2008-11-04 2010-05-07 Jean Xavier Morin Procede et dispositif de capture de dioxyde de carbone sur des gaz industriels a basse temperature

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FI101133B (fi) 1996-08-30 1998-04-30 Fortum Oil Oy Laitteisto kemiallisiin ja fysikaalisiin prosesseihin
AT505526B1 (de) * 2007-08-14 2010-09-15 Univ Wien Tech Wirbelschichtreaktorsystem
AT509586B8 (de) * 2010-06-11 2011-12-15 Univ Wien Tech Verbessertes wirbelschichtreaktorsystem
EP2644257B1 (fr) * 2012-03-30 2016-03-30 Alstom Technology Ltd Réacteur de carbonatation à circulation de flux à haute teneur en solides
CN106824094B (zh) * 2017-02-28 2019-06-14 南京师范大学 一种利用改性煤矸石脱除电厂烟气co2的系统及其实施方法

Family Cites Families (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1500636A (fr) * 1963-04-10 1967-11-03 Vni Pi Aljuminievoi Magnievoi échangeur thermique pour produits pulvérulents en suspension dans des gaz
FR1603327A (fr) * 1967-03-24 1971-04-05
US3508986A (en) * 1967-04-05 1970-04-28 Robertshaw Controls Co Method of sonically welded channel plates
JPS55439B2 (fr) * 1973-08-18 1980-01-08
SU842381A1 (ru) * 1975-09-03 1981-06-30 Донецкий Филиал Всесоюзного Научно-Ис-Следовательского И Проектного Институтапо Очистке Технологических Газов,Сточ-Ных Вод И Использованию Вторичных Энерго-Ресурсов Предприятий Черной Металлур-Гии Теплообменник с кип щим слоем проме-жуТОчНОгО ТЕплОНОСиТЕл
US4307773A (en) * 1978-08-28 1981-12-29 Smith Richard D Fluid bed heat exchanger for contaminated gas
DE3038447A1 (de) * 1980-10-11 1982-05-06 L. & C. Steinmüller GmbH, 5270 Gummersbach Waermeuebertragende elemente fuer regenerativen waermeaustausch
AU539929B2 (en) * 1980-10-29 1984-10-25 Exxon Research And Engineering Company Fluid-solid contacting using fluidised bed of magnetic particles
DE3214958C2 (de) * 1982-04-22 1986-10-30 L. & C. Steinmüller GmbH, 5270 Gummersbach Regenerativer Gas-Gas-Wärmetauscher in Kolonnenbauweise mit wärmeübertragenden Elementen als Wirbelschicht
FR2526182B1 (fr) * 1982-04-28 1985-11-29 Creusot Loire Procede et dispositif de controle de la temperature d'un lit fluidise
FR2563119B1 (fr) * 1984-04-20 1989-12-22 Creusot Loire Procede de mise en circulation de particules solides a l'interieur d'une chambre de fluidisation et chambre de fluidisation perfectionnee pour la mise en oeuvre du procede
LU86352A1 (fr) * 1986-03-12 1987-11-11 Belge Etat Echangeur de chaleur gaz-gaz
US4896717A (en) * 1987-09-24 1990-01-30 Campbell Jr Walter R Fluidized bed reactor having an integrated recycle heat exchanger

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2937875A1 (fr) * 2008-11-04 2010-05-07 Jean Xavier Morin Procede et dispositif de capture de dioxyde de carbone sur des gaz industriels a basse temperature
WO2010052400A1 (fr) * 2008-11-04 2010-05-14 Jean-Xavier Morin Procede et dispositif de capture de dioxyde de carbone sur des gaz industriels a basse temperature

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA2145084A1 (fr) 1994-04-14
WO1994008194A1 (fr) 1994-04-14
DE69316763T2 (de) 1998-07-09
ATE162886T1 (de) 1998-02-15
AU671296B2 (en) 1996-08-22
US6276441B1 (en) 2001-08-21
EP0663062A1 (fr) 1995-07-19
DE69316763D1 (de) 1998-03-05
FI96136B (fi) 1996-01-31
FI96136C (fi) 1996-05-10
JPH08501869A (ja) 1996-02-27
FI924438A (fi) 1994-04-03
AU4821393A (en) 1994-04-26
FI924438A0 (fi) 1992-10-02
CA2145084C (fr) 2005-04-05

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