EP0661496B1 - Brûleur à gaz et bandes à flamme pour celui-ci - Google Patents

Brûleur à gaz et bandes à flamme pour celui-ci Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0661496B1
EP0661496B1 EP19940120642 EP94120642A EP0661496B1 EP 0661496 B1 EP0661496 B1 EP 0661496B1 EP 19940120642 EP19940120642 EP 19940120642 EP 94120642 A EP94120642 A EP 94120642A EP 0661496 B1 EP0661496 B1 EP 0661496B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
flame
strip
slots
gas burner
gas
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP19940120642
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0661496A2 (fr
EP0661496A3 (fr
Inventor
Michael Cafferty
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BRAY TECHNOLOGIES PLC
Original Assignee
BRAY TECHNOLOGIES PLC
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by BRAY TECHNOLOGIES PLC filed Critical BRAY TECHNOLOGIES PLC
Publication of EP0661496A2 publication Critical patent/EP0661496A2/fr
Publication of EP0661496A3 publication Critical patent/EP0661496A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0661496B1 publication Critical patent/EP0661496B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/26—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid with provision for a retention flame
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/02—Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone
    • F23D14/04—Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone induction type, e.g. Bunsen burner
    • F23D14/045—Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone induction type, e.g. Bunsen burner with a plurality of burner bars assembled together, e.g. in a grid-like arrangement
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
    • F23D14/48—Nozzles
    • F23D14/58—Nozzles characterised by the shape or arrangement of the outlet or outlets from the nozzle, e.g. of annular configuration
    • F23D14/583—Nozzles characterised by the shape or arrangement of the outlet or outlets from the nozzle, e.g. of annular configuration of elongated shape, e.g. slits

Definitions

  • This invention relates to gas burners, particularly but not exclusively to those gas burners which are termed atmospheric burners and are used in, for example, cookers, boilers and central heating systems.
  • the invention also extends to flamestrips for such burners.
  • gas burners to which the invention relates mainly consume gaseous fuel which may be methane, butane, propane, ethane or others, and also blends thereof, but more rarely can consume liquid fuel and the fuel is mixed with air to provide a combustible mixture which can support the burner flame.
  • gas burner is used herein to cover all forms of useable fuels.
  • a perennial difficulty with gas burners is that they create toxic emissions and much work and development has been done in an effort to reduce these emissions which principally are in the form of nitrogen oxides (referred to generally in the art and hereinafter as NOx). Some carbon monoxide is also created but this tends to be in lesser concentrations than NOx. Examples of technological developments which have been proposed for the reduction of NOx emissions from gas burners are set forth in European Patent Applications Nos. 0521024 and 0494888 and International Patent Application No. WO92/01196, but there still remains room for improvement.
  • primary air is so called because it is the first air which is mixed with the fuel to produce the mixture which is fed to flame ports at which the flame is sustained.
  • Secondary air is that air which is induced and/or forced into the flame to assist in the combustion of unburnt fuel.
  • the gas burners according to the invention utilise primary and secondary air for the support of the combustion of the fuel.
  • the present invention is a proposal for gas burner flame port design whereby the conventional gas burners can be caused to run at reduced NOx emission levels compared to the current in excess of 100ppm levels.
  • the invention envisages providing gas burners which run at NOx emission levels of 60ppm or less.
  • the invention furthermore envisages achievement of the reduction in NOx emission levels without substantial increase in the cost of the burner.
  • a gas burner comprising a burner body defining at least one elongated strip which has flame slots spaced along the length of the strip and on which the burner flame in use is supported, characterised in that each of said flame slots tapers from a narrow end to a wide end to produce a semi-lifted flame.
  • the said slots are preferably evenly spaced along the length of said strip and preferably are parallel to one another.
  • the said slots furthermore preferably are arranged to lie transverse to said strip length with the narrow ends lying at or closer to the centre of the strip than the wide ends.
  • the said slots preferably extend from the centre of the strip, widening to where the strip edges meet the burner body sides and preferably extending marginally into said sides.
  • Adoption of a flame port whose width varies along its length and especially the tapered slot flameport produces a non- uniform discharge velocity profile of the gas/air mixture along the port, the velocity being greater at the wider end of the taper compared with the narrow end which is as a result of the increase in flow resistance through the port from the wider to the narrower end of the taper, resulting from the tapered nature of the port.
  • an additional retention port may also be provided in a position adjacent the narrow end of each tapered port to give supporting adhesion of the flame root to the burner strip surface.
  • the semi-lifted flame benefits in terms of reduced NOx emission from a greater degree of interaction with secondary air passing up around the outside of the burner body. This has the effect of enhanced cooling of the combustion reactions, and improved mixing of the secondary air to complete the combustion process. These effects reduce the residence time at high temperatures of the materials responsible for NOx formation, thus lowering the NOx emission levels.
  • the invention therefore, has considerable environmental advantage.
  • bar burners, as well as the bladed variety referred to above may be perforated with varying width, tapered, slots to provide the desired flame profile and the commensurate reduced NOx emission level may embody the invention.
  • the invention may be embodied in any and all suitable new and existing burners.
  • the invention also has an advantage economically in that it provides a means of adapting existing burners with the minimum amount of modification such that they can function within the same apparatus more effectively and desirably.
  • the invention will be preferably embodied in multiple bar or blade burners wherein the bars or blades are arranged in parallel to provide a plurality of parallel flamestrips which together make up a flame area.
  • the invention can be applied where the burner is of a different configuration e.g. it may be annular or cylindrical, depending upon the application.
  • the invention also provides flamestrips with the appropriate slot pattern, for use in gas burners as aforesaid.
  • a gas burner 10 which is an atmospheric gas burner of the bladed type in that it has a plurality of flat blade elements or bodies 12, 14, 16, 18, and so on which are arranged in parallel planes as shown, and are mounted on a common plenum chamber 20 so as to be in fluid communication with chamber 20.
  • Chamber 20 receives a mixture of the gaseous fuel and primary air through chamber end 22, and the coupling pipe 24 and gas injector 26 provide that the gas is introduced and the primary air is caused by a venturi effect to be drawn into the chamber 20 where it mixes with the gas.
  • the top edge 34 is provided with a plurality of flame ports 36 to one side of the centre of the edge 34, and a further plurality 38 of said ports to the opposite side of the edge.
  • the ports 36 and 38 are parallel and are aligned as shown, and each of the ports 36, 38 is in the form of an elongated slot having a narrow inner end 36A, and a wider outer end 36B.
  • Reference numerals 38A and 38B indicate the narrow and wide portions of the slots 38.
  • a flame retention port 40 which is of circular configuration.
  • the slots 36 and 38 lie as shown in Fig. 2 transverse to the length direction of the edge 34, and the wide portions 36B and 38B in fact are turned over slightly into the sides 30 and 32.
  • Figs. 4 and 5 It is possible to vary the arrangement of the slots 36 and 38 and two modifications are shown in Figs. 4 and 5.
  • Fig. 4 it is shown that the slots 36 and 38 are not aligned transversely of the edge 34, but are offset and interspaced.
  • the gas retention ports 40 remain on the centre line 42 of edge 34, but in the arrangement of Fig. 5, not only are the slots 36 and 38 offset and interspaced in a manner similar to the arrangement of Fig. 4, but each slot 36 and 38 and its aligned retention port 40 are overlapped so that the ports 40 are displaced to opposite sides of the centre line 42.
  • slightly different dimensional arrangements are adopted for the slots, and in this connection it may well be necessary to vary the slot configurations and dimensions depending upon the slot arrangement and distribution, provided that the slots are tapered to provide wide and narrow portions.
  • FIG. 6 indicates the advantageous effect of providing the tapered slots shown in Figs. 2 and 3.
  • the gas/air mixture 44 is supplied to the interior 28 of each blade element, so that mixture is forced through the slots 36 and 38, but because each of the said slots is of tapered configuration, the mixture issuing from these slots 36 and 38 will have a velocity distribution along the length of the slot.
  • the velocity of the mixture issuing from the narrowest part of the slot will be smaller than that issuing from the widest portion of the slot due to the increased resistance caused by the slot edge.
  • the vectors 46, 48, 50 and 52 are intended to be representative of the respective velocities of the different portions of the mixture which issues from the slots 36 and 38.
  • the flame front indicated for example by reference 54 will take up a lifted configuration in relation to the wide end of the slot, but will be nearer the blade element edge 34 at the narrower end of the slot.
  • This lifted configuration enables secondary air indicated by arrows 56 to be entrained and induced into the flame to assist in further combustion of unburned gas, with a view to reducing noxious emissions.
  • the retention ports 40 serve in known manner to stabilise the flame 54. By the induction and flow of the secondary air 56 into the flame 54, so the flames of adjacent burner bar elements can be restrained from impinging upon one another which creates undesirable carbon monoxide production.
  • Fig. 8 shows an alternative embodiment of the invention and indicates that a plurality of flamestrips 34 can be formed on a single body having sides 30 and 32 corresponding to the sides of the body shown in Fig. 2.
  • the flamestrips 34 extend transversely of the length of the body, and are spaced by air induction grooves or gaps 33 so that to the edges of each flamestrip 34 there are groove sides 33A and 33B. Secondary air is induced up these sides during the functioning of the burner, and the flamestrip 34 in each case is provided with the slot pattern according to any of the embodiments referred to herein.
  • the illustration of Fig. 8 shows the slot pattern similar to that of Fig. 2.
  • Each strip 34 does have a length direction, and the slots 36 and 38 are again arranged transversely to this direction. It would be appreciated that other modified forms of construction may be provided.
  • Figs. 1, 2, 6 and 8 the burner element edges are shown as being slightly curved, with the slots 36 and 38 extending slightly into the burner sides 30 and 32. It is not necessary that this arrangement should apply, and Fig. 7 shows a modified form wherein the slots 36 and 38 are in a flat edge 34, and do not extend into the sides 30 and 32 of the blade element.
  • the injection arrangement for injecting the fuel and primary air into the plenum chamber or burner if burner bars are used may be of any appropriate design.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Gas Burners (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Un brûleur à gaz comprenant un corps de brûleur (12) définissant une bande allongée (34) au moins dont les fentes à flamme (36, 38) sont espacées sur la longueur de la bande, et sur laquelle la flamme de brûleur (54) en utilisation peut brûler, lesdites fentes à flamme (36, 38) étant positionnées en travers de la bande (34), caractérisé en ce que chacune desdites fentes à flamme (36, 38) a une forme conique qui va d'une extrémité étroite (36A, 38A) à une extrémité large (36B, 38B), afin de produire une flamme semi-relevée.
  2. Un brûleur à gaz, selon les stipulations de la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que chacune desdites fentes se prolonge à partir de la région centrale (42) de ladite bande (34) vers l'extérieur jusqu'à une zone de bordure (30, 32) de ladite bande (34).
  3. Un brûleur à gaz, selon les stipulations de la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que l'extrémité étroite (36A, 38A) de chaque fente à flamme se trouve plus près de ladite zone centrale (42) que ladite extrémité large (36B, 38B).
  4. Un brûleur à gaz, selon les stipulations de l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé par un orifice de rétention de gaz (40) dans ladite bande (34) adjacent à l'extrémité étroite (36A, 38A) de chaque fente à flamme (36, 38).
  5. Un brûleur à gaz, selon les stipulations de la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que les orifices de rétention de gaz (40) sont alignés en une rangée qui se situe sur la zone centrale de la bande (34).
  6. Un brûleur à gaz, selon les stipulations de la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que les orifices de rétention de gaz (40) sont agencés le long de la bande (34) de telle sorte que des orifices alternants (40) se situent sur les côtés opposés de la zone centrale (42) de la bande (34).
  7. Un brûleur à gaz, selon les stipulations de l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les fentes à flamme (36, 38) sont disposées par paires sur les côtés opposés de la zone centrale (42) de la bande (34).
  8. Un brûleur à gaz, selon les stipulations de la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que les fentes à flamme (36, 38) de chaque paire sont alignées en travers de la bande (34).
  9. Un brûleur à gaz, selon les stipulations de la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que les fentes à flamme (36, 38) de chaque paire sont décalées dans le sens de la longueur de la bande (34).
  10. Un brûleur à gaz, selon les stipulations de l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la bande (34) est définie par une tôle métallique qui comporte sur elle les orifices à flamme (36, 38) et les orifices de rétention (40) (quand ils sont prévus).
  11. Un brûleur à gaz, selon les stipulations de la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce que la tôle métallique est recourbée de telle sorte que la bande (34) est un bord supérieur qui se recourbe en deux parois latérales (30, 32) et lesdites fentes à flamme se prolongent partiellement dans lesdites parois latérales (30, 32).
  12. Un brûleur à gaz, selon les stipulations de l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le corps du brûleur (12) est allongé et que la bande (34) se prolonge dans le sens de la longueur du corps de brûleur (12).
  13. Un brûleur à gaz, selon les stipulations de l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes 1 à 11, caractérisé en ce que le corps du brûleur (12) est allongé et possède une pluralité desdites bandes (34) se prolongeant en travers du sens de la longueur du corps de brûleur (12).
  14. Un brûleur à gaz, selon les stipulations de l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par une pluralité desdits corps de brûleur (12, 14, 16, 18) qui sont disposés côte à côte.
  15. Une bande à flamme pour un corps de brûleur, ladite bande à flamme étant allongée et comportant des fentes à flamme (36, 38) espacées le long de la longueur de la bande et sur laquelle la flamme de brûleur (54) en utilisation peut brûler, lesdites fentes à flamme (36, 38) étant positionnées en travers de la bande (34), caractérisée en ce que chacune desdites fentes à flamme (36, 38) a une forme conique qui va d'une extrémité étroite (36A, 38A) à une extrémité large (36B, 38B), afin de produire une flamme semi-relevée.
EP19940120642 1994-01-04 1994-12-24 Brûleur à gaz et bandes à flamme pour celui-ci Expired - Lifetime EP0661496B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9400007 1994-01-04
GB9400007A GB9400007D0 (en) 1994-01-04 1994-01-04 Improvements relating to gas burners

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0661496A2 EP0661496A2 (fr) 1995-07-05
EP0661496A3 EP0661496A3 (fr) 1996-01-03
EP0661496B1 true EP0661496B1 (fr) 1999-03-17

Family

ID=10748356

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19940120642 Expired - Lifetime EP0661496B1 (fr) 1994-01-04 1994-12-24 Brûleur à gaz et bandes à flamme pour celui-ci

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EP (1) EP0661496B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE69417198D1 (fr)
GB (1) GB9400007D0 (fr)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2740202B1 (fr) * 1995-10-19 1997-12-12 Leblanc Sa E L M Perfectionnements apportes a un bruleur de chauffe-eau, chauffe-bain, chaudiere a gaz
ITUB20155086A1 (it) * 2015-11-05 2017-05-05 Aldo Polidoro BRUCIATORE DI GAS COMBUSTIBILE, IN PARTICOLARE PER CALDAIE E SCALDABAGNI, A BASSA EMISSIONE DI NOx E CO

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1510134A (fr) * 1966-12-08 1968-01-19 Sourdillon Ets Perfectionnements apportés aux brûleurs à gaz ou analogues
US3780954A (en) * 1970-05-15 1973-12-25 Robertshaw Controls Co Burner construction
GB1386442A (en) * 1972-02-24 1975-03-05 Worth Eng Works Ltd Gas burners
DE3043215A1 (de) * 1980-11-15 1982-06-24 Robert Bosch Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart Atomphaerischer allgasbrenner, insbesondere fuer gasbeheizte haushaltgeraete
JPH02219901A (ja) * 1989-02-22 1990-09-03 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 燃焼装置
GB8922086D0 (en) * 1989-09-30 1989-11-15 Bray Burners Ltd Improvements relating to gas burners

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0661496A2 (fr) 1995-07-05
EP0661496A3 (fr) 1996-01-03
DE69417198D1 (de) 1999-04-22
GB9400007D0 (en) 1994-03-02

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