EP0661420A1 - Cover for the sound-insulating of an oil sump of an internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Cover for the sound-insulating of an oil sump of an internal combustion engine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0661420A1
EP0661420A1 EP94117062A EP94117062A EP0661420A1 EP 0661420 A1 EP0661420 A1 EP 0661420A1 EP 94117062 A EP94117062 A EP 94117062A EP 94117062 A EP94117062 A EP 94117062A EP 0661420 A1 EP0661420 A1 EP 0661420A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
overpan
cover
sound
parts
oil pan
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP94117062A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0661420B1 (en
Inventor
Rudolf Unger
Heinz Povolny
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
MAN Truck and Bus Osterreich AG
Original Assignee
Steyr Nutzfahrzeuge AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Steyr Nutzfahrzeuge AG filed Critical Steyr Nutzfahrzeuge AG
Publication of EP0661420A1 publication Critical patent/EP0661420A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0661420B1 publication Critical patent/EP0661420B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01M—LUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; LUBRICATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING
    • F01M11/00—Component parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01M1/00 - F01M9/00
    • F01M11/0004—Oilsumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B77/00—Component parts, details or accessories, not otherwise provided for
    • F02B77/11—Thermal or acoustic insulation
    • F02B77/13—Acoustic insulation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01M—LUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; LUBRICATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING
    • F01M11/00—Component parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01M1/00 - F01M9/00
    • F01M11/0004—Oilsumps
    • F01M2011/0054—Fastening to the cylinder block

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an overpan for oil pan engine noise encapsulation, in which the overpan surrounds the oil pan at a distance and the overpan is connected to the internal combustion engine with fastening screws, the fastening screws having rubber elements for structure-borne noise decoupling.
  • an overpan which surrounds the oil pan at a distance and which serves to dampen the sound emitted by the oil pan.
  • the overpan is made in one piece and is vertically shaped in the production by deep-drawing processes.
  • the overpan is connected to the flange of the oil pan with the interposition of rubber elements.
  • a disadvantage of such an overpan can be seen in the fact that it can only be pulled up to the upper edge of the oil pan. It is not possible to pull it up to the side walls of a crankcase, since the overpan does not allow undercuts due to the production in the deep-drawing process, in order to prevent projecting components of the crankcase, e.g. to encase the injection pump.
  • the object of the invention is to design the overpan so that it can be pulled up to the side walls of the crankcase and fastened there so that its sound radiation can also be suppressed.
  • this object is achieved in that the overpan is divided into two parts by a separating joint running in the longitudinal direction of the engine and vertically, and both parts of the overpan are connected to the separating joint by means of screws, that the two parts of the overpan are each formed horizontally during manufacture, and that the overpan is pulled up over the top of the oil pan to the side parts of the crankcase.
  • the two parts of the overpan can be formed horizontally during deep drawing.
  • protruding parts of the crankcase can be easily encased.
  • a structure-borne noise-insulated attachment of the overpan can easily be done on the side walls of the crankcase using fastening screws.
  • a further development of the invention is characterized in that the encapsulation has recesses for encapsulating auxiliary units and that these recesses are closed with a cover.
  • An overpan 1 shown in side view in FIG. 1 has, according to the invention, a vertical parting line 2 running in the longitudinal axis of the engine.
  • the two halves 1a, 1b (Fig. 2) of the overpan 1 become detachable, e.g. connected by means of screws 3.
  • the overpan 1 is led up over an oil pan upper edge 4 to the side walls of a crankcase, not shown here, and is locked there with fastening screws 5.
  • a cover 8 is provided which covers a recess 9 and which is connected to the overpan 1 by screws 10.
  • FIG. 2 shows a front view of the overpan 1 and the crankcase 11.
  • the overpan 1 simultaneously surrounds an oil pan 12 and side walls 13 of the crankcase 11.
  • the overpan 1 is designed according to the invention in two parts 1a and 1b, which are joined together at a parting line 2 running in the longitudinal axis of the engine and vertically.
  • the parts 1a and 1b are preferably connected by screws 3.
  • the overpan 1 can be pulled up over the top of the oil pan 4 and still covers the Side walls 13 of the crankcase 11, where the overpan 1 is connected to structure-borne sound insulation via the fastening screws 5.
  • the cantilever auxiliary unit 6 is surrounded by a cover 8 which closes the recess 9 in the overpan 1 that can be seen in FIG. 1.
  • the manufacture of the two halves 1 a, 1 b of the over-tub 1 is very advantageous in the transverse deep-drawing process, since the sheet metal parts do not have to be drawn as deep in terms of width as would be the case in a one-piece construction and vertical design, and also have undercuts that could not be achieved by vertical deep drawing.
  • the screws 5 have rubber elements to achieve structure-borne noise decoupling.
  • Such a screw 5 is shown in detail in FIG. 3.
  • the screw 5 is connected to the side part 13 of the crankcase 11 (Fig. 2).
  • a rubber element 14 is provided to achieve a decoupling of screw 5 and overpan 1.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Lubrication Details And Ventilation Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a cover (1) for sound-insulating the oil sump of an engine. Oil sumps of internal combustion engines are surrounded by vertically shaped covers (1) to suppress sound radiation. Covers of this kind have the disadvantage that they can only be drawn up to the top edge (4) of the oil sump. According to the invention, the cover (1) is divided by a vertical joint (2). This has the advantage that manufacture of the two parts (1a, 1b) of the cover (1) by deep drawing is made easier. With the split cover (1), it is furthermore possible to cover auxiliary units (6) since, with horizontal shaping, undercuts (as seen from above) are also possible. It is possible to cover relatively large auxiliary units (6) by providing the cover (1) with cut-outs (9) which are closed by means of a cap (8). By virtue of the fact that the cover (1) also covers the side walls (13) of the crankcase (1), optimum sound insulation is achieved. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Überwanne zur Ölwanne-Motorschallkapselung, bei der die Überwanne mit Abstand die Ölwanne umgibt und die Überwanne mit Befestigungsschrauben mit der Brennkraftmaschine verbunden ist, wobei die Befestigungsschrauben Gummielemente zur Körperschallentkoppelung aufweisen.The invention relates to an overpan for oil pan engine noise encapsulation, in which the overpan surrounds the oil pan at a distance and the overpan is connected to the internal combustion engine with fastening screws, the fastening screws having rubber elements for structure-borne noise decoupling.

Aus der DE-PS 39 29 592 ist eine Überwanne bekannt, welche die Ölwanne mit Abstand umgibt und die der Dämpfung des von der Ölwanne abgestrahlten Schalles dient. Die Überwanne ist einteilig ausgeführt und wird in der Herstellung durch Tiefziehverfahren vertikal ausgeformt. Die Überwanne wird unter Zwischenschaltung von Gummielementen mit dem Flansch der Ölwanne verbunden. Ein Nachteil einer derartigen Überwanne ist darin zu sehen, daß sie nur bis zur Oberkante der Ölwanne hochgezogen werden kann. Ein Hochziehen bis zu den Seitenwänden eines Kurbelgehäuses ist nicht möglich, da die Überwanne aufgrund der Herstellung im Tiefziehverfahren keine Hinterschneidungen zuläßt, um vorspringende Bauteile des Kurbelgehäuses, wie z.B. die Einspritzpumpe zu umhüllen.From DE-PS 39 29 592 an overpan is known which surrounds the oil pan at a distance and which serves to dampen the sound emitted by the oil pan. The overpan is made in one piece and is vertically shaped in the production by deep-drawing processes. The overpan is connected to the flange of the oil pan with the interposition of rubber elements. A disadvantage of such an overpan can be seen in the fact that it can only be pulled up to the upper edge of the oil pan. It is not possible to pull it up to the side walls of a crankcase, since the overpan does not allow undercuts due to the production in the deep-drawing process, in order to prevent projecting components of the crankcase, e.g. to encase the injection pump.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, die Überwanne so auszubilden, daß diese bis zu den Seitenwänden des Kurbelgehäuses hochgezogen und dort so befestigt werden kann, daß auch deren Schallabstrahlung unterdrückbar ist.The object of the invention is to design the overpan so that it can be pulled up to the side walls of the crankcase and fastened there so that its sound radiation can also be suppressed.

Erfindungsgemäß wird diese Aufgabe dadurch gelöst, daß die Überwanne durch eine in Motorlängsrichtung und vertikal verlaufende Trennfuge in zwei Teile aufgeteilt ist und beide Teile der Überwanne an der Trennfuge mittels Schrauben verbunden sind, daß die beiden Teile der Überwanne in der Herstellung jeweils horizontal ausgeformtwerden, und daß die Überwanne über die Ölwannenoberkante bis zu Seitenteilen des Kurbelgehäuses hochgezogen ist.According to the invention, this object is achieved in that the overpan is divided into two parts by a separating joint running in the longitudinal direction of the engine and vertically, and both parts of the overpan are connected to the separating joint by means of screws, that the two parts of the overpan are each formed horizontally during manufacture, and that the overpan is pulled up over the top of the oil pan to the side parts of the crankcase.

Durch die Teilung der Überwanne in einer vertikalen Ebene können die beiden Teile der Überwanne beim Tiefziehen horizontal ausgeformt werden. Dadurch können vorspringende Teile des Kurbelgehäuses ohne weiteres umhüllt werden. Eine körperschallisolierte Befestigung der Überwanne kann mittels Befestigungsschrauben problemlos an den Seitenwänden des Kurbelgehäuses erfolgen.By dividing the overpan in a vertical plane, the two parts of the overpan can be formed horizontally during deep drawing. As a result, protruding parts of the crankcase can be easily encased. A structure-borne noise-insulated attachment of the overpan can easily be done on the side walls of the crankcase using fastening screws.

Eine Weiterbildung der Erfindung zeichnet sich dadurch aus, daß zur Verkapselung von Nebenaggregaten die Überwanne Aussparungen aufweist und daß diese Aussparungen mit einem Deckel verschlossen werden.A further development of the invention is characterized in that the encapsulation has recesses for encapsulating auxiliary units and that these recesses are closed with a cover.

Durch die mit Deckel verschlossene Aussparung der Überwanne können selbst größere Nebenaggregate problemlos verkapselt werden, ohne daß es beim Tiefziehen der Überwanne zu Problemen kommt.Due to the recess in the overflow tub, which is closed with a lid, even larger auxiliary units can be encapsulated without problems, without causing problems when deep-drawing the overflow tub.

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist in Zeichnungen dargestellt. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
eine Seitenansicht der Überwanne,
Fig. 2
in Vorderansicht die geteilte Ölwanne und das Kurbelgehäuse, und
Fig. 3
ein Detail einer Befestigungsschraube mit Gummielement.
An embodiment of the invention is shown in drawings. Show it:
Fig. 1
a side view of the tub,
Fig. 2
in front view the divided oil pan and the crankcase, and
Fig. 3
a detail of a fastening screw with rubber element.

Eine in Fig. 1 in Seitenansicht dargestellte Überwanne 1 weist erfindungsgemäß eine vertikale, in Motorlängsachse verlaufende Trennfuge 2 auf. Die beiden Hälften 1a, 1b (Fig. 2) der Überwanne 1 werden lösbar, z.B. mittels Schrauben 3 miteinander verbunden. Die Überwanne 1 ist über eine Ölwannenoberkante 4 bis zu hier nicht näher dargestellten Seitenwänden eines Kurbelgehäuses hochgeführt und wird dort mit Befestigungsschrauben 5 arretiert.An overpan 1 shown in side view in FIG. 1 has, according to the invention, a vertical parting line 2 running in the longitudinal axis of the engine. The two halves 1a, 1b (Fig. 2) of the overpan 1 become detachable, e.g. connected by means of screws 3. The overpan 1 is led up over an oil pan upper edge 4 to the side walls of a crankcase, not shown here, and is locked there with fastening screws 5.

Um ein weit überkragendes Nebenaggregat 6 zu verkapseln, ist ein Deckel 8 vorgesehen, welcher eine Aussparung 9 abdeckt und der mit Schrauben 10 mit der Überwanne 1 verbunden ist.In order to encapsulate a far projecting auxiliary unit 6, a cover 8 is provided which covers a recess 9 and which is connected to the overpan 1 by screws 10.

Eine Vorderansicht der Überwanne 1 und des Kurbelgehäuses 11 zeigt Fig. 2. Die Überwanne 1 umgibt gleichzeitig eine Ölwanne 12 und Seitenwände 13 des Kurbelgehäuses 11.FIG. 2 shows a front view of the overpan 1 and the crankcase 11. The overpan 1 simultaneously surrounds an oil pan 12 and side walls 13 of the crankcase 11.

Die Überwanne 1 wird erfindungsgemäß in zwei Teilen 1a und 1b ausgeführt, welche an einer in Motorlängsachse und vertikal verlaufenden Trennfuge 2 zusammengefügt werden. Die Teile 1a und 1b werden vorzugsweise durch Schrauben 3 verbunden. Zur Verbesserung der Schalldämmung kann die Überwanne 1 über die Ölwannenoberkante 4 hochgezogen werden und verkleidet noch die Seitenwände 13 des Kurbelgehäuses 11, wo die Überwanne 1 körperschallisoliert über die Befestigungsschrauben 5 angeschlossen wird.The overpan 1 is designed according to the invention in two parts 1a and 1b, which are joined together at a parting line 2 running in the longitudinal axis of the engine and vertically. The parts 1a and 1b are preferably connected by screws 3. To improve the sound insulation, the overpan 1 can be pulled up over the top of the oil pan 4 and still covers the Side walls 13 of the crankcase 11, where the overpan 1 is connected to structure-borne sound insulation via the fastening screws 5.

Das überkragende Nebenaggregat 6 wird von einem Deckel 8 umgeben, der die aus Fig. 1 zu ersehende Aussparung 9 in der Überwanne 1 verschließt.The cantilever auxiliary unit 6 is surrounded by a cover 8 which closes the recess 9 in the overpan 1 that can be seen in FIG. 1.

Da die Überwanne 1 keine Dichtfunktion ausübt, kommt man bei der Trennfuge 2 wie auch beim Deckel 8 ohne jegliche Dichtung aus.Since the overpan 1 has no sealing function, the parting line 2 and the cover 8 do not require any seal.

Die Herstellung der beiden Hälften 1a, 1b der Überwanne 1 gestaltet sich im Quer-Tiefziehverfahren sehr vorteilhaft, da die Blechteile gemessen an der Breite nicht so tief gezogen werden müssen, als dies in einteiliger Bauweise und vertikaler Ausführung der Fall wäre, und außerdem Hinterschneidungen aufweisen können, die durch vertikales Tiefziehen nicht realisierbar wären.The manufacture of the two halves 1 a, 1 b of the over-tub 1 is very advantageous in the transverse deep-drawing process, since the sheet metal parts do not have to be drawn as deep in terms of width as would be the case in a one-piece construction and vertical design, and also have undercuts that could not be achieved by vertical deep drawing.

Die Schrauben 5 weisen Gummielemente auf, um eine Körperschallentkoppelung zu erreichen.The screws 5 have rubber elements to achieve structure-borne noise decoupling.

Eine derartige Schraube 5 ist im Detail in Fig. 3 dargestellt. Die Schraube 5 ist mit dem Seitenteil 13 des Kurbelgehäuses 11 (Fig. 2) verbunden. Um eine Entkoppelung von Schraube 5 und Überwanne 1 zu erreichen wird ein Gummielement 14 vorgesehen.Such a screw 5 is shown in detail in FIG. 3. The screw 5 is connected to the side part 13 of the crankcase 11 (Fig. 2). To achieve a decoupling of screw 5 and overpan 1, a rubber element 14 is provided.

Claims (2)

Überwanne zur Ölwanne-Motorschallkapselung, bei der die Überwanne mit Abstand die Ölwanne umgibt und die Überwanne mit Befestigungsschrauben mit der Brennkraftmaschine verbunden ist, wobei die Befestigungsschrauben Gummielemente zur Körperschallentkoppelung aufweisen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Überwanne (1) durch eine in Motorlängsrichtung und vertikal verlaufende Trennfuge (2) in zwei Teile (1a, 1b) aufgeteilt ist und beide Teile (1a, 1b) der Überwanne (1) an der Trennfuge (2) lösbar miteinander verbunden sind, daß die beiden Teile (1a, 1b) der Überwanne (1) in der Herstellung jeweils horinzontal ausgeformt werden, und daß die Überwanne (1) über die Ölwannenoberkante (4) bis zu den Seitenwänden (13) des Kurbelgehäuses (11) hochgezogen ist.Overpan for oil pan engine noise encapsulation, in which the overpan surrounds the oil pan at a distance and the overpan is connected to the internal combustion engine with fastening screws, the fastening screws having rubber elements for decoupling structure-borne noise, characterized in that the overpan (1) has a vertical and vertical direction in the engine Parting line (2) is divided into two parts (1a, 1b) and both parts (1a, 1b) of the overpan (1) are detachably connected to one another at the parting line (2) such that the two parts (1a, 1b) of the overpan ( 1) are formed horizontally in the manufacture, and that the overpan (1) over the oil pan upper edge (4) up to the side walls (13) of the crankcase (11) is raised. Überwanne nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zur Verkapselung von Nebenaggregaten (6) die Überwanne (1) Aussparungen (9) aufweist und daß diese Aussparungen (9) mit einem Deckel (8) verschlossen werden.Overpan according to claim 1, characterized in that for encapsulating auxiliary units (6) the overpan (1) has recesses (9) and that these recesses (9) are closed with a cover (8).
EP19940117062 1993-12-14 1994-10-28 Cover for the sound-insulating of an oil sump of an internal combustion engine Expired - Lifetime EP0661420B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT252493A AT402537B (en) 1993-12-14 1993-12-14 POOL AROUND THE OIL PAN OF AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE
AT2524/93 1993-12-14

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0661420A1 true EP0661420A1 (en) 1995-07-05
EP0661420B1 EP0661420B1 (en) 1996-09-11

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ID=3535820

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19940117062 Expired - Lifetime EP0661420B1 (en) 1993-12-14 1994-10-28 Cover for the sound-insulating of an oil sump of an internal combustion engine

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EP (1) EP0661420B1 (en)
AT (1) AT402537B (en)
DE (1) DE59400634D1 (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1741883A1 (en) * 2005-06-09 2007-01-10 Mann+Hummel Gmbh Oil pump for an internal combustion engine
DE102019112758A1 (en) * 2019-05-15 2020-11-19 Otto-Von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg Light oil pan with integrated thermal insulation and vibration damping

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP4033075B1 (en) 2021-01-22 2024-08-07 Liebherr-Components Colmar SAS Oil pan assembly
EP4033076B1 (en) 2021-01-22 2024-08-07 Liebherr-Components Colmar SAS Sealing arrangement

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2123358A (en) * 1937-01-29 1938-07-12 Fairbanks Morse & Co Engine silencing hood
US4068646A (en) * 1975-09-15 1978-01-17 Hnojsky Joseph F Crank case oil pan
AT376015B (en) * 1977-10-21 1984-10-10 List Hans INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE WITH SOUND-INSULATING PANELING
EP0167967A2 (en) * 1984-07-07 1986-01-15 MAN Nutzfahrzeuge Aktiengesellschaft Sound-insulated oil sump for an internal-combustion engine
DE3835809A1 (en) * 1988-10-21 1990-04-26 Pelzer Helmut Noise capsule for an internal combustion engine

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT328229B (en) * 1971-09-03 1976-03-10 List Hans COMBUSTION MACHINE WITH SOUND-INSULATING CASING
JPS5950864B2 (en) * 1977-11-26 1984-12-11 日産自動車株式会社 automotive engine
AT397288B (en) * 1989-02-09 1994-03-25 Steyr Nutzfahrzeuge Oil sump, in particular for the crankcase of an internal combustion engine
DE3929592A1 (en) * 1989-09-06 1991-03-28 Man Nutzfahrzeuge Ag SOUND-INSULATED SHEET OIL PAN FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2123358A (en) * 1937-01-29 1938-07-12 Fairbanks Morse & Co Engine silencing hood
US4068646A (en) * 1975-09-15 1978-01-17 Hnojsky Joseph F Crank case oil pan
AT376015B (en) * 1977-10-21 1984-10-10 List Hans INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE WITH SOUND-INSULATING PANELING
EP0167967A2 (en) * 1984-07-07 1986-01-15 MAN Nutzfahrzeuge Aktiengesellschaft Sound-insulated oil sump for an internal-combustion engine
DE3835809A1 (en) * 1988-10-21 1990-04-26 Pelzer Helmut Noise capsule for an internal combustion engine

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1741883A1 (en) * 2005-06-09 2007-01-10 Mann+Hummel Gmbh Oil pump for an internal combustion engine
US7481196B2 (en) 2005-06-09 2009-01-27 Mann & Hummel Gmbh Oil pan useful for an internal combustion engine
DE102019112758A1 (en) * 2019-05-15 2020-11-19 Otto-Von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg Light oil pan with integrated thermal insulation and vibration damping

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE59400634D1 (en) 1996-10-17
EP0661420B1 (en) 1996-09-11
AT402537B (en) 1997-06-25
ATA252493A (en) 1996-10-15

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