EP0660068A1 - Firearm percussion device - Google Patents

Firearm percussion device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0660068A1
EP0660068A1 EP94402871A EP94402871A EP0660068A1 EP 0660068 A1 EP0660068 A1 EP 0660068A1 EP 94402871 A EP94402871 A EP 94402871A EP 94402871 A EP94402871 A EP 94402871A EP 0660068 A1 EP0660068 A1 EP 0660068A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
percussion
striker
valve
channel
face
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP94402871A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Jean-François Lescure
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
CTA International SAS
Original Assignee
Giat Industries SA
CTA International SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Giat Industries SA, CTA International SAS filed Critical Giat Industries SA
Publication of EP0660068A1 publication Critical patent/EP0660068A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A19/00—Firing or trigger mechanisms; Cocking mechanisms
    • F41A19/06—Mechanical firing mechanisms, e.g. counterrecoil firing, recoil actuated firing mechanisms
    • F41A19/13—Percussion or firing pins, i.e. fixed or slidably-mounted striker elements; Mountings therefor

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a percussion device for a firearm, of the type comprising a chamber for loading ammunition, the base of which is provided with a primer, this device comprising a movable unit in translation consisting of a striker equipped with '' a percussion point and associated with a part or valve in which the striker is guided axially and which is itself guided in axial displacement in a channel of a percussion body located at the rear of the loading chamber and which comprises, on one face or front face, a firing bowl on which the base of the ammunition is normally applied, and means for moving the striker between an arming position where its percussion point is recessed inside the percussion body channel and a firing position where its percussion point protrudes from the percussion body shot bowl to strike the primer.
  • a percussion device of the aforementioned type is described in particular in document FR-A-2 678 057 in the name of the Applicant.
  • the percussion device described in this prior document is equipped with means which make it possible to compensate for a relatively large longitudinal clearance which can exist in the chamber of the weapon between the firing bowl and the base of the ammunition, for example due to the accumulation of dimensional tolerances, a differential thermal expansion and a recovery of humidity, when the ammunition casings are made of non-metallic materials.
  • the play between the firing bowl and the base of the ammunition can then be greater than the projection of the percussion point on the firing bowl and the firing of the ammunition does not occur.
  • a percussion device is relatively complex due to the high number of parts that you have to put them together. This results in machining and assembly operations which are difficult to carry out and which must therefore be carried out by qualified personnel.
  • the main object of the invention is to design a percussion device which has a simplified structure limiting the machining operations, facilitating the assembly operations and while guaranteeing, during operation, the take-up of the play that may exist between the bowl. and the base of the ammunition.
  • the invention provides a percussion device of the aforementioned type, which is characterized in that the striker and the valve which form the mobile assembly of the percussion device, are respectively mounted by the front and rear faces of the body of percussion and assembled to each other by a removable bayonet type connecting device.
  • the striker comprises a body extended axially on one side by the percussion tip and on the other side by a tail which cooperates with the means of displacement of the striker
  • the valve comprises a body traversed by a channel for the free passage of the percussion point
  • the removable connecting device between the striker and the valve comprises a first connecting element with a straight cross section of oval shape supported by the percussion point and located in the vicinity of the body of the striker, and a second assembly element constituted by a recess machined in the body of the valve and which opens, at the rear face of the valve facing the striker, by an opening forming a buttonhole complementary to that of the first assembly element to engage inside the recess this first assembly element oriented substantially at 90 ° relative to to its assembly position with the valve, assembly position which is then obtained by pivoting the striker through 90 °.
  • the first assembly element has a thickness less than the axial length of the recess forming the second assembly element and is located at a sufficient distance from the body of the striker, to obtain a relative displacement of the striker relative to the valve and allow the percussion tip to protrude from the front of the valve when the striker is in the firing position.
  • the first assembly element consists of a flange on which are machined two flats opposite one another.
  • the percussion device also comprises a first device for immobilizing the valve in rotation, once the latter is mounted in the channel of the percussion body, while allowing axial movement of the valve to allow it to be able to protrude from the shooting bowl.
  • the first immobilization device is constituted by a flat machined in the body of the valve and by an immobilizing pin intended to engage in this flat.
  • the percussion device comprises a second device for immobilizing the striker in rotation, once the latter is assembled to the valve, while allowing axial movement of the striker to allow the percussion tip to protrude from the front face of the valve.
  • the second immobilization device comprises a plate fixed to the rear face of the percussion body beyond which the tail of the striker projects, said plate coming to engage, on one side, in a notch in the tail of the striker which has a polygonal cross section, for example square, this notch extending axially over a length greater than the thickness of the immobilization plate.
  • the two aforementioned devices for immobilizing the valve and the striker in rotation maintain these two elements in the assembly position, when the percussion device moves between its cocking position and its firing position.
  • a return spring is mounted around the body of the striker, this spring bearing on one side on a shoulder provided in the channel of the percussion body and on the other side on a face d 'A boss provided on the body of the striker, and is intended to automatically return the percussion device to the cocking position.
  • the striker moves alone in the direction of the firing bowl as long as the rear face of its body is not in contact with the rear face of the valve. During this movement, the percussion point protrudes from the front face of the valve. Then, the striker-valve mobile assembly moves towards the base of the ammunition, the valve then protruding from the firing cup to come into contact with the base of the ammunition and cause the percussion to strike the primer.
  • the mounting and assembly of the valve and of the striker in the percussion body are carried out in a very simple manner, without in particular requiring a preassembly of parts before mounting in the body of percussion.
  • the simplicity of the assembly and disassembly operations of the percussion device facilitates maintenance operations, in particular in the case where it is necessary to change the percussion device.
  • the simplicity of the percussion device makes it possible in particular to be able to quickly check its operating state and to detect a machining error.
  • the percussion device consists of a reduced number of parts which are simple and inexpensive to manufacture.
  • the percussion device 1 as shown in Figure 1 according to an embodiment of the invention, comprises a fixed percussion body 2 pierced with a central channel 4 in which is mounted a movable assembly in translation.
  • the movable assembly consists of a striker 5 associated with a part called a valve 7 in which it is guided axially and which is itself guided in axial movement in the channel 4 of the percussion body 2.
  • the percussion body 2 has a front end whose front face is slightly concave and delimits a firing bowl 10.
  • the channel 4 opens into the central part of the bowl 10 by an enlarged end 12 of frustoconical shape machined in the body 2.
  • the striker 5 consists of a body 15, for example cylindrical, one end of which is extended axially on one side by a percussion point 17 and on the other opposite side by a shank 19 with interposition of a boss 20 of cylindrical shape with a diameter greater than that of the body 15.
  • the tail 19 of the striker 5 has a cross section of polygonal shape, for example square, and has a notch 19a of square shape adjacent to the casing 20 of the body 15. This notch 19a is intended to cooperate with a plate 22 for immobilizing the striker in rotation 5. More specifically, the plate 22 (FIG. 2) is presented in the form of a half-disc whose rectilinear side is intended to engage in the notch 19a of the tail 19 of the striker 5.
  • the plate 22 is intended to be attached to the rear face of the valve 7 and to be fixed to the latter by means of screws 23.
  • the axial length of the notch 19a of the tail 19 is greater than the thickness of the plate 22 to allow the striker 5 to move axially.
  • a return spring 25 is intended to be mounted around the body 15 of the striker 5 and to bear against a face of the boss 20 and against a shoulder 27 provided in the channel 4 of the percussion body 2.
  • the valve 7 consists of a cylindrical body 28 of the same diameter as the body 15 of the striker 5. This body 28 is crossed by a central channel 30 in which is intended to freely engage the percussion point 17, and has a enlarged front end 31 of frustoconical shape. The widened front ends 12 and 31 of the channel 4 and of the body 28 have frustoconical shapes complementary to each other.
  • a flat 33 is machined at the periphery of the body 28 and is intended to receive a pin 35 to immobilize the valve 7 in rotation while allowing the latter to move axially over a predetermined length.
  • the assembly of the striker 5 and the valve 7 is carried out using a removable connection device 40 of the bayonet type illustrated in FIG. 3.
  • This device 40 comprises a first assembly element consisting of a flange 42 secured to the percussion point 17, and a second assembly element constituted by a recess 44 machined at the rear part of the valve 7.
  • the collar 42 is located near the body 15 of the striker 5 and at a distance d therefrom. Two flats 42a opposite one another are machined on the collar 42, so as to give it a substantially oval shape.
  • the recess 44 which communicates with the channel 30 of the valve 7, opens to the rear face of the valve 7 through an opening 46 forming a buttonhole.
  • This opening 46 has a shape complementary to the profile of the collar 42 and is dimensioned to allow the latter, previously oriented in an appropriate manner, to freely engage in the recess 44, before rotating the striker 90 ° by relative to the valve 7, to obtain the assembly position in which the flange 42 is retained inside the recess 44.
  • the recess 44 extends axially over a length D greater than the thickness e of the flange 42, so as to allow the striker 5 to have a relative displacement relative to the valve 7.
  • the percussion body 2 is intended to be mounted in the breech of a firearm to close the loading chamber containing a munition M to be fired (FIG. 4).
  • the base of the ammunition M is provided with a primer 50 and, when the ammunition is loaded into the chamber, the base is normally in abutment against the firing bowl 10 of the body 2 whose channel 4 is substantially axially aligned with the primer 50.
  • the valve 7 is mounted by the front face of the percussion body 2. More specifically, the rear part of the valve 7 is engaged in the end of the channel 4 which opens into the firing cup 10. The pin 35 is then engaged in the flat part 33 of the valve 7 to immobilize it in rotation.
  • the striker 5 is mounted from the rear of the percussion body 2. More precisely, the return spring 25 is mounted around the body 15 of the striker 5 before engaging the percussion point 17 in the channel 4 of the body 2, then in the channel 30 of the valve 7. During from its introduction, the striker 5 must be oriented so that its flange 42 can penetrate inside the recess 44 of the valve 7.
  • the immobilization plate 22 is positioned against the rear face of the valve 7 so as to engage it in the notch 19a of the tail 19 of the striker 5.
  • the plate 22 is advantageously received in a cavity 48 provided in the rear face of the percussion body 2.
  • the striker 5 and plate 22 assembly is pivoted by 90 ° to ensure the assembly of the striker 5 and of the valve 7 by trapping the flange 42 in the recess 44 of the valve 7, and the plate 22 is fixed to the percussion body 2 by the screws 23 in order to immobilize the striker 5 in rotation and to maintain its assembly with the valve 7.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Lock And Its Accessories (AREA)
  • Percussive Tools And Related Accessories (AREA)
  • Portable Nailing Machines And Staplers (AREA)

Abstract

Percussion device for a firearm of the type comprising a chamber for loading a munition (M), the base of which is provided with a fuse (50), this device comprising an assembly movable in translational motion and consisting of a striker (5) equipped with a percussion tip (17) and associated with a component or valve (7), in which it is guided axially and which is itself guided in axial displacement in a channel (4) of a percussion body (2) located at the rear of the loading chamber. The striker (5) and the valve (7) are mounted respectively via the front and rear faces of the percussion body (2) and are assembled with one another by means of a removable connection device (42, 44) of the bayonet type. <IMAGE>

Description

L'invention concerne un dispositif de percussion pour une arme à feu, du type comprenant une chambre de chargement d'une munition dont le culot est muni d'une amorce, ce dispositif comprenant un équipage mobile en translation constitué d'un percuteur équipé d'une pointe de percussion et associé à une pièce ou soupape dans laquelle le percuteur est guidé axialement et qui est elle-même guidée en déplacement axial dans un canal d'un corps de percussion situé à l'arrière de la chambre de chargement et qui comporte, sur une face ou face avant, une cuvette de tir sur laquelle est normalement appliqué le culot de la munition, et des moyens de déplacement du percuteur entre une position d'armement où sa pointe de percussion est en retrait à l'intérieur du canal du corps de percussion et une position de tir où sa pointe de percussion fait saillie sur la cuvette du tir du corps de percussion pour frapper l'amorce.The invention relates to a percussion device for a firearm, of the type comprising a chamber for loading ammunition, the base of which is provided with a primer, this device comprising a movable unit in translation consisting of a striker equipped with '' a percussion point and associated with a part or valve in which the striker is guided axially and which is itself guided in axial displacement in a channel of a percussion body located at the rear of the loading chamber and which comprises, on one face or front face, a firing bowl on which the base of the ammunition is normally applied, and means for moving the striker between an arming position where its percussion point is recessed inside the percussion body channel and a firing position where its percussion point protrudes from the percussion body shot bowl to strike the primer.

Un dispositif de percussion du type précité est notamment décrit dans le document FR-A-2 678 057 au nom de la Demanderesse.A percussion device of the aforementioned type is described in particular in document FR-A-2 678 057 in the name of the Applicant.

D'une manière générale, le dispositif de percussion décrit dans ce document antérieur est équipé de moyens qui permettent de compenser un jeu longitudinal relativement important qui peut exister dans la chambre de l'arme entre la cuvette de tir et le culot de la munition, par exemple en raison de l'accumulation de tolérances dimensionnelles, d'un différentiel de dilatation thermique et d'une reprise d'humidité, lorsque les douilles des munitions sont en matériaux non-métalliques. Le jeu entre la cuvette de tir et le culot de la munition peut être alors supérieur à la saillie de la pointe de percussion sur la cuvette de tir et la mise à feu de la munition ne se produit pas.In general, the percussion device described in this prior document is equipped with means which make it possible to compensate for a relatively large longitudinal clearance which can exist in the chamber of the weapon between the firing bowl and the base of the ammunition, for example due to the accumulation of dimensional tolerances, a differential thermal expansion and a recovery of humidity, when the ammunition casings are made of non-metallic materials. The play between the firing bowl and the base of the ammunition can then be greater than the projection of the percussion point on the firing bowl and the firing of the ammunition does not occur.

Cependant, un dispositif de percussion est relativement complexe du fait d'un nombre élevé de pièces qu'il faut assembler les unes aux autres. Il en résulte des opérations d'usinage et d'assemblage délicates à réaliser et qui doivent donc être effectuées par un personnel qualifié.However, a percussion device is relatively complex due to the high number of parts that you have to put them together. This results in machining and assembly operations which are difficult to carry out and which must therefore be carried out by qualified personnel.

Le but principal de l'invention est de concevoir un dispositif de percussion qui présente une structure simplifiée limitant les opérations d'usinage, facilitant les opérations d'assemblage et tout en garantissant, lors du fonctionnement, le rattrapage du jeu pouvant exister entre la cuvette de tir et le culot de la munition.The main object of the invention is to design a percussion device which has a simplified structure limiting the machining operations, facilitating the assembly operations and while guaranteeing, during operation, the take-up of the play that may exist between the bowl. and the base of the ammunition.

A cet effet, l'invention propose un dispositif de percussion du type précité, qui est caractérisé en ce que le percuteur et la soupape qui forment l'équipage mobile du dispositif de percussion, sont respectivement montés par les faces avant et arrière du corps de percussion et assemblés l'un à l'autre par un dispositif de liaison démontable du type à baïonnette.To this end, the invention provides a percussion device of the aforementioned type, which is characterized in that the striker and the valve which form the mobile assembly of the percussion device, are respectively mounted by the front and rear faces of the body of percussion and assembled to each other by a removable bayonet type connecting device.

D'une manière générale, le percuteur comprend un corps prolongé axialement d'un côté par la pointe de percussion et de l'autre côté par une queue qui coopère avec les moyens de déplacement du percuteur, la soupape comprend un corps traversé par un canal pour le libre passage de la pointe de percussion et, selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, le dispositif de liaison démontable entre le percuteur et la soupape comprend un premier élément d'assemblage à section droite de forme ovale supporté par la pointe de percussion et situé au voisinage du corps du percuteur, et un deuxième élément d'assemblage constitué par un chambrage usiné dans le corps de la soupape et qui débouche, à la face arrière de la soupape en regard du percuteur, par une ouverture formant boutonnière de forme complémentaire à celle du premier élément d'assemblage pour engager à l'intérieur du chambrage ce premier élément d'assemblage orienté sensiblement à 90° par rapport à sa position d'assemblage avec la soupape, position d'assemblage qui est obtenue ensuite par pivotement du percuteur à 90°.Generally, the striker comprises a body extended axially on one side by the percussion tip and on the other side by a tail which cooperates with the means of displacement of the striker, the valve comprises a body traversed by a channel for the free passage of the percussion point and, according to another characteristic of the invention, the removable connecting device between the striker and the valve comprises a first connecting element with a straight cross section of oval shape supported by the percussion point and located in the vicinity of the body of the striker, and a second assembly element constituted by a recess machined in the body of the valve and which opens, at the rear face of the valve facing the striker, by an opening forming a buttonhole complementary to that of the first assembly element to engage inside the recess this first assembly element oriented substantially at 90 ° relative to to its assembly position with the valve, assembly position which is then obtained by pivoting the striker through 90 °.

Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, le premier élément d'assemblage a une épaisseur inférieure à la longueur axiale du chambrage formant le second élément d'assemblage et est situé à une distance suffisante du corps du percuteur, pour obtenir un déplacement relatif du percuteur par rapport à la soupape et permettre à la pointe de percussion de faire saillie à l'avant de la soupape lorsque le percuteur est en position de tir.According to another characteristic of the invention, the first assembly element has a thickness less than the axial length of the recess forming the second assembly element and is located at a sufficient distance from the body of the striker, to obtain a relative displacement of the striker relative to the valve and allow the percussion tip to protrude from the front of the valve when the striker is in the firing position.

Selon un exemple de réalisation, le premier élément d'assemblage est constitué par une collerette sur laquelle sont usinés deux méplats opposés l'un à l'autre.According to an exemplary embodiment, the first assembly element consists of a flange on which are machined two flats opposite one another.

Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, le dispositif de percussion comprend également un premier dispositif d'immobilisation en rotation de la soupape, une fois celle-ci montée dans le canal du corps de percussion, tout en permettant un déplacement axial de la soupape pour permettre à celle-ci de pouvoir faire saillie sur la cuvette de tir.According to another characteristic of the invention, the percussion device also comprises a first device for immobilizing the valve in rotation, once the latter is mounted in the channel of the percussion body, while allowing axial movement of the valve to allow it to be able to protrude from the shooting bowl.

Selon un exemple de réalisation, le premier dispositif d'immobilisation est constitué par un méplat usiné dans le corps de la soupape et par une goupille d'immobilisation destinée à s'engager dans ce méplat.According to an exemplary embodiment, the first immobilization device is constituted by a flat machined in the body of the valve and by an immobilizing pin intended to engage in this flat.

Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, le dispositif de percussion comprend un second dispositif d'immobilisation en rotation du percuteur, une fois celui-ci assemblé à la soupape, tout en permettant un déplacement axial du percuteur pour permettre à la pointe de percussion de faire saillie sur la face avant de la soupape.According to another characteristic of the invention, the percussion device comprises a second device for immobilizing the striker in rotation, once the latter is assembled to the valve, while allowing axial movement of the striker to allow the percussion tip to protrude from the front face of the valve.

Selon un exemple de réalisation, le second dispositif d'immobilisation comprend une plaque fixée à la face arrière du corps de percussion au-delà de laquelle fait saillie la queue du percuteur, ladite plaque venant s'engager, par un côté, dans une encoche de la queue du percuteur qui présente une section droite polygonale, par exemple carrée, cette encoche s'étendant axialement sur une longueur supérieure à l'épaisseur de la plaque d'immobilisation.According to an exemplary embodiment, the second immobilization device comprises a plate fixed to the rear face of the percussion body beyond which the tail of the striker projects, said plate coming to engage, on one side, in a notch in the tail of the striker which has a polygonal cross section, for example square, this notch extending axially over a length greater than the thickness of the immobilization plate.

Ainsi, les deux dispositifs précités d'immobilisation en rotation de la soupape et du percuteur maintiennent ces deux éléments en position d'assemblage, lorsque le dispositif de percussion se déplace entre sa position d'armement et sa position de tir.Thus, the two aforementioned devices for immobilizing the valve and the striker in rotation maintain these two elements in the assembly position, when the percussion device moves between its cocking position and its firing position.

Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, un ressort de rappel est monté autour du corps du percuteur, ce ressort prenant appui d'un côté sur un épaulement prévu dans le canal du corps de percussion et de l'autre côté sur une face d'un bossage prévu sur le corps du percuteur, et est destiné à rappeler automatiquement le dispositif de percussion en position d'armement.According to another characteristic of the invention, a return spring is mounted around the body of the striker, this spring bearing on one side on a shoulder provided in the channel of the percussion body and on the other side on a face d 'A boss provided on the body of the striker, and is intended to automatically return the percussion device to the cocking position.

Ainsi, lorsque les moyens de déplacement du percuteur sont actionnés, le percuteur se déplace seul en direction de la cuvette de tir tant que la face arrière de son corps n'est pas au contact de la face arrière de la soupape. Au cours de ce déplacement, la pointe de percussion fait saillie sur la face avant de la soupape. Ensuite, l'équipage mobile percuteur-soupape se déplace en direction du culot de la munition, la soupape faisant alors saillie sur la cuvette de tir pour venir au contact du culot de la munition et entraîner la percussion de l'amorce par le percuteur.Thus, when the means for moving the striker are actuated, the striker moves alone in the direction of the firing bowl as long as the rear face of its body is not in contact with the rear face of the valve. During this movement, the percussion point protrudes from the front face of the valve. Then, the striker-valve mobile assembly moves towards the base of the ammunition, the valve then protruding from the firing cup to come into contact with the base of the ammunition and cause the percussion to strike the primer.

D'une manière générale, la fiabilité de fonctionnement d'un dispositif de percussion est notamment liée à la présence de la saillie de la pointe de percussion sur la face avant de la soupape, ce qui nécessite une cotation précise de certaines pièces.In general, the operating reliability of a percussion device is notably linked to the presence of the projection of the percussion point on the front face of the valve, which requires a precise listing of certain parts.

Aussi, selon un avantage important de l'invention, pour assurer la présence de la saillie de la pointe de percussion sur la face avant de la soupape, seules deux cotations doivent être respectées, à savoir : la cote de la pointe de percussion lorsque le corps du percuteur vient au contact de la face arrière de la soupape au cours de son déplacement vers sa position de tir, et la cote de la soupape entre sa face avant et sa face arrière.Also, according to an important advantage of the invention, to ensure the presence of the projection of the percussion point on the front face of the valve, only two dimensions must be respected, namely: the dimension of the percussion point when the body of the striker comes into contact with the rear face of the valve during its displacement towards its firing position, and the dimension of the valve between its front face and its rear face.

Selon un autre avantage important de l'invention, le montage et l'assemblage de la soupape et du percuteur dans le corps de percussion s'effectuent d'une manière très simple, sans nécessiter notamment un préassemblage de pièces avant montage dans le corps de percussion.According to another important advantage of the invention, the mounting and assembly of the valve and of the striker in the percussion body are carried out in a very simple manner, without in particular requiring a preassembly of parts before mounting in the body of percussion.

Selon un autre avantage de l'invention, la simplicité des opérations de montage et de démontage du dispositif de percussion facilite les opérations de maintenance, notamment dans le cas où il faut procéder au changement du dispositif de percussion.According to another advantage of the invention, the simplicity of the assembly and disassembly operations of the percussion device facilitates maintenance operations, in particular in the case where it is necessary to change the percussion device.

Selon un autre avantage de l'invention, la simplicité du dispositif de percussion permet notamment de pouvoir contrôler rapidement son état de fonctionnement et de déceler une erreur d'usinage.According to another advantage of the invention, the simplicity of the percussion device makes it possible in particular to be able to quickly check its operating state and to detect a machining error.

Selon encore un autre avantage de l'invention, le dispositif de percussion est constitué d'un nombre réduit de pièces qui sont d'une fabrication simple et peu coûteuse.According to yet another advantage of the invention, the percussion device consists of a reduced number of parts which are simple and inexpensive to manufacture.

D'autres avantages, caractéristiques et détails de l'invention ressortiront de la description explicative qui va suivre faite en référence aux dessins annexés, donnés uniquement à titre d'exemple et dans lesquels :

  • la figure 1 est une vue en coupe longitudinale partielle d'un dispositif de percussion selon l'invention et représenté en position d'armement,
  • la figure 2 est une vue en bout suivant la flèche II de la figure 1,
  • la figure 3 est une vue en perspective éclatée de l'équipage mobile du dispositif de percussion, et
  • la figure 4 est une vue en coupe longitudinale partielle semblable à celle de la figure 1, mais avec le dispositif de percussion représenté en position de tir.
Other advantages, characteristics and details of the invention will emerge from the explanatory description which follows, given with reference to the appended drawings, given solely by way of example and in which:
  • FIG. 1 is a view in partial longitudinal section of a percussion device according to the invention and shown in the cocking position,
  • Figure 2 is an end view along the arrow II of FIG. 1,
  • FIG. 3 is an exploded perspective view of the mobile assembly of the percussion device, and
  • Figure 4 is a partial longitudinal sectional view similar to that of Figure 1, but with the percussion device shown in the firing position.

Le dispositif de percussion 1, tel que représenté à la figure 1 selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention, comprend un corps de percussion fixe 2 percé d'un canal central 4 dans lequel est monté un équipage mobile en translation.The percussion device 1, as shown in Figure 1 according to an embodiment of the invention, comprises a fixed percussion body 2 pierced with a central channel 4 in which is mounted a movable assembly in translation.

L'équipage mobile est constitué d'un percuteur 5 associé à une pièce dénommée soupape 7 dans laquelle il est guidé axialement et qui est elle-même guidée en déplacement axial dans le canal 4 du corps de percussion 2.The movable assembly consists of a striker 5 associated with a part called a valve 7 in which it is guided axially and which is itself guided in axial movement in the channel 4 of the percussion body 2.

Le corps de percussion 2 comporte une extrémité avant dont la face frontale est légèrement concave et délimite une cuvette de tir 10. Le canal 4 débouche dans la partie centrale de la cuvette 10 par une extrémité élargie 12 de forme tronconique usinée dans le corps 2.The percussion body 2 has a front end whose front face is slightly concave and delimits a firing bowl 10. The channel 4 opens into the central part of the bowl 10 by an enlarged end 12 of frustoconical shape machined in the body 2.

Le percuteur 5 est constitué d'un corps 15, par exemple cylindrique, dont une extrémité se prolonge axialement d'un côté par une pointe de percussion 17 et de l'autre côté opposé par une queue 19 avec interposition d'un bossage 20 de forme cylindrique d'un diamètre supérieur à celui du corps 15. La queue 19 du percuteur 5 présente une section droite de forme polygonale, par exemple carrée, et comporte une encoche 19a de forme carrée adjacente au boassage 20 du corps 15. Cette encoche 19a est destinée à coopérer avec une plaque 22 d'immobilisation en rotation du percuteur 5. Plus précisément, la plaque 22 (figure 2) se présente sous la forme d'un demi-disque dont le côté rectiligne est destiné à s'engager dans l'encoche 19a de la queue 19 du percuteur 5. La plaque 22 est destinée à être rapportée sur la face arrière de la soupape 7 et être fixée à cette dernière au moyen de vis 23. La longueur axiale de l'encoche 19a de la queue 19 est supérieure à l'épaisseur de la plaque 22 pour permettre au percuteur 5 de se déplacer axialement.The striker 5 consists of a body 15, for example cylindrical, one end of which is extended axially on one side by a percussion point 17 and on the other opposite side by a shank 19 with interposition of a boss 20 of cylindrical shape with a diameter greater than that of the body 15. The tail 19 of the striker 5 has a cross section of polygonal shape, for example square, and has a notch 19a of square shape adjacent to the casing 20 of the body 15. This notch 19a is intended to cooperate with a plate 22 for immobilizing the striker in rotation 5. More specifically, the plate 22 (FIG. 2) is presented in the form of a half-disc whose rectilinear side is intended to engage in the notch 19a of the tail 19 of the striker 5. The plate 22 is intended to be attached to the rear face of the valve 7 and to be fixed to the latter by means of screws 23. The axial length of the notch 19a of the tail 19 is greater than the thickness of the plate 22 to allow the striker 5 to move axially.

Un ressort de rappel 25 est destiné à être monté autour du corps 15 du percuteur 5 et à prendre appui contre une face du bossage 20 et contre un épaulement 27 prévu dans le canal 4 du corps de percussion 2.A return spring 25 is intended to be mounted around the body 15 of the striker 5 and to bear against a face of the boss 20 and against a shoulder 27 provided in the channel 4 of the percussion body 2.

La soupape 7 est constituée d'un corps cylindrique 28 de même diamètre que le corps 15 du percuteur 5. Ce corps 28 est traversé par un canal central 30 dans lequel est destinée à s'engager librement la pointe de percussion 17, et présente une extrémité avant élargie 31 de forme tronconique. Les extrémités avant élargies 12 et 31 du canal 4 et du corps 28 ont des formes tronconiques complémentaires l'une de l'autre. Un méplat 33 est usiné à la périphérie du corps 28 et est destiné à recevoir une goupille 35 pour immobiliser en rotation la soupape 7 tout en permettant à cette dernière de se déplacer axialement sur une longueur prédéterminée.The valve 7 consists of a cylindrical body 28 of the same diameter as the body 15 of the striker 5. This body 28 is crossed by a central channel 30 in which is intended to freely engage the percussion point 17, and has a enlarged front end 31 of frustoconical shape. The widened front ends 12 and 31 of the channel 4 and of the body 28 have frustoconical shapes complementary to each other. A flat 33 is machined at the periphery of the body 28 and is intended to receive a pin 35 to immobilize the valve 7 in rotation while allowing the latter to move axially over a predetermined length.

L'assemblage du percuteur 5 et de la soupape 7 est réalisé à l'aide d'un dispositif de liaison démontable 40 du type à baïonnette illustré à la figure 3. Ce dispositif 40 comprend un premier élément d'assemblage constitué d'une collerette 42 solidaire de la pointe de percussion 17, et un second élément d'assemblage constitué d'un chambrage 44 usiné à la partie arrière de la soupape 7.The assembly of the striker 5 and the valve 7 is carried out using a removable connection device 40 of the bayonet type illustrated in FIG. 3. This device 40 comprises a first assembly element consisting of a flange 42 secured to the percussion point 17, and a second assembly element constituted by a recess 44 machined at the rear part of the valve 7.

La collerette 42 est située à proximité du corps 15 du percuteur 5 et à une distance d de celui-ci. Deux méplats 42a opposés l'un à l'autre sont usinés sur la collerette 42, de manière à lui donner une forme sensiblement ovale.The collar 42 is located near the body 15 of the striker 5 and at a distance d therefrom. Two flats 42a opposite one another are machined on the collar 42, so as to give it a substantially oval shape.

Le chambrage 44, qui communique avec le canal 30 de la soupape 7, débouche à la face arrière de la soupape 7 par une ouverture 46 formant boutonnière. Cette ouverture 46 a une forme complémentaire du profil de la collerette 42 et est dimensionnée pour permettre à cette dernière, préalablement orientée d'une manière appropriée, de s'engager librement dans le chambrage 44, avant de faire pivoter le percuteur de 90° par rapport à la soupape 7, pour obtenir la position d'assemblage dans laquelle la collerette 42 est retenue à l'intérieur du chambrage 44. Le chambrage 44 s'étend axialement sur une longueur D supérieure à l'épaisseur e de la collerette 42, de manière à permettre au percuteur 5 d'avoir un déplacement relatif par rapport à la soupape 7.The recess 44, which communicates with the channel 30 of the valve 7, opens to the rear face of the valve 7 through an opening 46 forming a buttonhole. This opening 46 has a shape complementary to the profile of the collar 42 and is dimensioned to allow the latter, previously oriented in an appropriate manner, to freely engage in the recess 44, before rotating the striker 90 ° by relative to the valve 7, to obtain the assembly position in which the flange 42 is retained inside the recess 44. The recess 44 extends axially over a length D greater than the thickness e of the flange 42, so as to allow the striker 5 to have a relative displacement relative to the valve 7.

D'une manière générale, le corps de percussion 2 est destiné à être monté dans la culasse d'une arme à feu pour fermer la chambre de chargement contenant une munition M à tirer (figure 4). Le culot de la munition M est muni d'une amorce 50 et, lorsque la munition est chargée dans la chambre, le culot est normalement en appui contre la cuvette de tir 10 du corps 2 dont le canal 4 est sensiblement axialement aligné avec l'amorce 50.Generally, the percussion body 2 is intended to be mounted in the breech of a firearm to close the loading chamber containing a munition M to be fired (FIG. 4). The base of the ammunition M is provided with a primer 50 and, when the ammunition is loaded into the chamber, the base is normally in abutment against the firing bowl 10 of the body 2 whose channel 4 is substantially axially aligned with the primer 50.

On va décrire maintenant le principe de montage et d'assemblage du percuteur 5 et de la soupape 7 dans le corps de percussion 2.We will now describe the principle of mounting and assembling the striker 5 and the valve 7 in the percussion body 2.

La soupape 7 est montée par la face avant du corps de percussion 2. Plus précisément, la partie arrière de la soupape 7 est engagée dans l'extrémité du canal 4 qui débouche dans la cuvette de tir 10. La goupille 35 est ensuite engagée dans le méplat 33 de la soupape 7 pour l'immobiliser en rotation.The valve 7 is mounted by the front face of the percussion body 2. More specifically, the rear part of the valve 7 is engaged in the end of the channel 4 which opens into the firing cup 10. The pin 35 is then engaged in the flat part 33 of the valve 7 to immobilize it in rotation.

Le percuteur 5 est monté par l'arrière du corps de percussion 2. Plus précisément, le ressort de rappel 25 est monté autour du corps 15 du percuteur 5 avant d'engager la pointe de percussion 17 dans le canal 4 du corps 2, puis dans le canal 30 de la soupape 7. Lors de son introduction, le percuteur 5 doit être orienté de manière à ce que sa collerette 42 puisse pénétrer à l'intérieur du chambrage 44 de la soupape 7.The striker 5 is mounted from the rear of the percussion body 2. More precisely, the return spring 25 is mounted around the body 15 of the striker 5 before engaging the percussion point 17 in the channel 4 of the body 2, then in the channel 30 of the valve 7. During from its introduction, the striker 5 must be oriented so that its flange 42 can penetrate inside the recess 44 of the valve 7.

Ensuite, la plaque 22 d'immobilisation est positionnée contre la face arrière de la soupape 7 de manière à l'engager dans l'encoche 19a de la queue 19 du percuteur 5. La plaque 22 est avantageusement reçue dans une cavité 48 prévue dans la face arrière du corps de percussion 2. Enfin, l'ensemble percuteur 5 et plaque 22 est pivoté de 90° pour assurer l'assemblage du percuteur 5 et de la soupape 7 en emprisonnant la collerette 42 dans le chambrage 44 de la soupape 7, et la plaque 22 est fixée au corps 2 de percussion par les vis 23 pour immobiliser en rotation le percuteur 5 et maintenir son assemblage avec la soupape 7.Then, the immobilization plate 22 is positioned against the rear face of the valve 7 so as to engage it in the notch 19a of the tail 19 of the striker 5. The plate 22 is advantageously received in a cavity 48 provided in the rear face of the percussion body 2. Finally, the striker 5 and plate 22 assembly is pivoted by 90 ° to ensure the assembly of the striker 5 and of the valve 7 by trapping the flange 42 in the recess 44 of the valve 7, and the plate 22 is fixed to the percussion body 2 by the screws 23 in order to immobilize the striker 5 in rotation and to maintain its assembly with the valve 7.

Le dispositif de percussion 1 se trouve ainsi en position d'armement représentée à la figure 1 et dans laquelle :

  • la partie avant tronconique 31 de la soupape 7 est en contact avec la partie avant tronconique 12 du canal 30, si bien que la face frontale avant de la soupape 7 est en affleurement aligné avec la cuvette de tir 10 du corps de percussion 2,
  • la collerette 42 du percuteur 5 est en appui sur la face arrière du chambrage 44,
  • la face arrière du bossage central 20 du percuteur n'est pas au contact de la plaque 22 d'immobilisation en rotation du percuteur 5, et la goupille 35 n'est pas au contact de l'extrémité avant du méplat 33 de la soupape 7 pour obtenir l'affleurement aligné de la face avant de la soupape 7 et la cuvette de tir 10,
  • le ressort de rappel 25 est légèrement bandé,
  • la face avant du corps 15 du percuteur 5 est située à distance de la face arrière de la soupape 7, et
  • la pointe de percussion 17 est en retrait à l'intérieur du canal 30 de la soupape 7.
The percussion device 1 is thus in the cocking position shown in FIG. 1 and in which:
  • the frustoconical front part 31 of the valve 7 is in contact with the frustoconical front part 12 of the channel 30, so that the front end face of the valve 7 is flush aligned with the firing cup 10 of the percussion body 2,
  • the flange 42 of the striker 5 bears on the rear face of the recess 44,
  • the rear face of the central boss 20 of the striker is not in contact with the plate 22 for immobilizing the striker 5 in rotation, and the pin 35 is not in contact with the front end of the flat part 33 of the valve 7 to obtain aligned alignment of the front face of the valve 7 and the firing cup 10,
  • the return spring 25 is slightly bandaged,
  • the front face of the body 15 of the striker 5 is located at a distance from the rear face of the valve 7, and
  • the percussion point 17 is set back inside the channel 30 of the valve 7.

Par suite de l'action de moyens de déplacement (non représentés) qui agissent sur l'extrémité arrière de la queue 19 du percuteur 5, selon la flèche F de la figure 4, le percuteur 5 se déplace axialement en direction de la cuvette de tir 10. Dans un premier temps, le percuteur 5 se déplace seul avec compression simultanée du ressort de rappel 25, la pointe de percussion 17 faisant progressivement saillie à la face avant de la soupape 7. Dans un deuxième temps, lorsque la face avant du corps 15 du percuteur 5 vient en appui sur la face arrière de la soupape 7, celle-ci est déplacée axialement en faisant progressivement saillie sur la cuvette de tir 10. L'équipage mobile constitué du percuteur 5 et de la soupape 7 se déplace simultanément, jusqu'à ce que la face avant de la soupape vienne au contact du culot de la munition M pour permettre la percussion de l'amorce 50 par la pointe 17.As a result of the action of displacement means (not shown) which act on the rear end of the tail 19 of the striker 5, according to the arrow F in FIG. 4, the striker 5 moves axially in the direction of the bowl of shot 10. Initially, the striker 5 moves alone with simultaneous compression of the return spring 25, the percussion point 17 gradually protruding from the front face of the valve 7. In a second step, when the front face of the valve body 15 of the striker 5 comes to bear on the rear face of the valve 7, the latter is moved axially by gradually projecting from the firing bowl 10. The movable assembly consisting of the striker 5 and of the valve 7 moves simultaneously , until the front face of the valve comes into contact with the base of the munition M to allow the percussion of the primer 50 by the point 17.

Dès que les moyens d'actionnement ne sont plus appliqués sur la queue 19 du percuteur 5, le ressort de rappel 25 ramène le dispositif de percussion 1 dans sa position d'armement représentée à la figure 1.As soon as the actuating means are no longer applied to the tail 19 of the striker 5, the return spring 25 returns the percussion device 1 to its cocking position shown in FIG. 1.

Claims (9)

Dispositif de percussion pour une arme à feu du type comprenant une chambre de chargement d'une munition (M) dont le culot est muni d'une amorce (50), ce dispositif comprenant un équipage mobile en translation constitué d'un percuteur (5) équipé d'une pointe de percussion (17) et associé à une pièce ou soupape (7) dans laquelle il est guidé axialement et qui est elle-même guidée en déplacement axial dans un canal (4) d'un corps (2) de percussion situé à l'arrière de la chambre de chargement et qui comporte, sur une face ou face avant, une cuvette de tir (10) sur laquelle est normalement appliqué le culot de la munition (M), et des moyens de déplacement du percuteur (5) entre une position d'armement où sa pointe de percussion (17) est en retrait à l'intérieur du canal (4) du corps (2) et une position de tir où sa pointe de percussion (17) fait saillie sur la cuvette de tir (10) du corps (2) de percussion pour frapper l'amorce, caractérisé en ce que le percuteur (5) et la soupape (7) sont respectivement montés par les faces avant et arrière du corps (2) de percussion et assemblés l'un à l'autre par un dispositif de liaison démontable (40) du type à baïonnette.Percussion device for a firearm of the type comprising an ammunition loading chamber (M), the base of which is provided with a primer (50), this device comprising a movable unit in translation consisting of a striker (5 ) equipped with a percussion point (17) and associated with a part or valve (7) in which it is guided axially and which is itself guided in axial displacement in a channel (4) of a body (2) percussion located at the rear of the loading chamber and which comprises, on one face or front face, a firing cup (10) on which the base of the ammunition (M) is normally applied, and means for moving the striker (5) between an arming position where its percussion point (17) is recessed inside the channel (4) of the body (2) and a firing position where its percussion point (17) projects on the firing cup (10) of the percussion body (2) for striking the primer, characterized in that the striker (5 ) and the valve (7) are respectively mounted by the front and rear faces of the percussion body (2) and assembled to one another by a removable connecting device (40) of the bayonet type. Dispositif de percussion selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le percuteur (5) comprend un corps (15) prolongé axialement d'un côté par la pointe de percussion (17) et de l'autre côté par une queue (19) qui coopère avec les moyens de déplacement du percuteur (5), et dans lequel la soupape (7) comprend un corps (28) traversé par un canal (30) pour le libre passage de la pointe de percussion (17), caractérisé en ce que le dispositif de liaison (40) entre le percuteur (5) et la soupape (7) comprend un premier élément d'assemblage (42) à section droite de forme ovale supporté par la pointe de percussion (17) et situé au voisinage du corps (15) du percuteur (5), et un deuxième élément d'assemblage constitué par un chambrage (44) usiné dans le corps (28) de la soupape (7) et qui débouche, à la face d'extrémité de la soupape (7) en regard du percuteur (5), par une ouverture (46) formant boutonnière de forme complémentaire à celle du premier élément d'assemblage pour engager à l'intérieur du chambrage (44) ledit premier élément d'assemblage orienté sensiblement à 90° par rapport à sa position d'assemblage avec la soupape (7), position d'assemblage qui est obtenue ensuite par pivotement du percuteur (5) de 90°.Percussion device according to claim 1, in which the striker (5) comprises a body (15) extended axially on one side by the percussion tip (17) and on the other side by a shank (19) which cooperates with the striker displacement means (5), and in which the valve (7) comprises a body (28) through which a channel (30) passes for the free passage of the percussion point (17), characterized in that the device connecting (40) between the striker (5) and the valve (7) comprises a first connecting element (42) with an oval cross section supported by the percussion point (17) and located in the vicinity of the body (15 ) of the striker (5), and a second assembly element constituted by a recess (44) machined in the body (28) of the valve (7) and which opens, at the end face of the valve (7) opposite the striker (5), by an opening (46) forming a buttonhole of a shape complementary to that of the first assembly element for engaging inside the recess (44) said first assembly element oriented substantially at 90 ° relative to its assembly position with the valve (7), assembly position which is then obtained by pivoting the striker (5) by 90 °. Dispositif de percussion selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que le premier élément d'assemblage (42) a une épaisseur (e) inférieure à la longueur axiale du chambrage (44) formant le second élément d'assemblage, pour obtenir un déplacement relatif du percuteur (5) par rapport à la soupape (7) et permettre à la pointe de percussion (17) de faire saillie sur la face avant de la soupape (7).Percussion device according to claim 2, characterized in that the first assembly element (42) has a thickness (e) less than the axial length of the recess (44) forming the second assembly element, in order to obtain a relative displacement of the striker (5) relative to the valve (7) and allow the percussion tip (17) to protrude from the front face of the valve (7). Dispositif de percussion selon la revendication 2 ou 3, caractérisé en ce que le premier élément d'assemblage (42) est constitué par une collerette sur laquelle sont usinés deux méplats (42a) opposés l'un à l'autre.Percussion device according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the first assembly element (42) consists of a flange on which are machined two flats (42a) opposite one another. Dispositif de percussion selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend un premier dispositif d'immobilisation en rotation de la soupape (7), une fois celle-ci montée dans le canal (4) du corps (2) de percussion, tout en autorisant un déplacement axial de la soupape (7) pour permettre à celle-ci de faire saillie sur la cuvette de tir (10).Percussion device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a first device for immobilizing in rotation the valve (7), once the latter is mounted in the channel (4) of the body (2 ) of percussion, while allowing an axial displacement of the valve (7) to allow it to protrude from the firing cup (10). Dispositif de percussion selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que le premier dispositif d'immobilisation est constitué par un méplat (33) usiné dans le corps (28) de la soupape (7) et par une goupille (35) d'immobilisation destinée à s'engager dans ledit méplat (33).Percussion device according to claim 5, characterized in that the first immobilization device consists of a flat (33) machined in the body (28) of the valve (7) and by an immobilization pin (35) intended to commit in said flat (33). Dispositif de percussion selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend un second dispositif d'immobilisation en rotation du percuteur (5), une fois celui-ci assemblé à la soupape (7), tout en autorisant un déplacement axial du percuteur (5) pour permettre à sa pointe de percussion (17) de faire saillie sur la face avant de la soupape (7).Percussion device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a second device for immobilizing the striker in rotation (5), once the latter has been assembled to the valve (7), while allowing a axial movement of the striker (5) to allow its percussion point (17) to protrude from the front face of the valve (7). Dispositif de percussion selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif d'immobilisation comprend une plaque (22) fixée à la face arrière du corps (2) de percussion au-delà de laquelle fait saillie la queue (19) du percuteur (5), ladite plaque (22) sous la forme d'un demi-disque par exemple, étant destinée à s'engager par son côté rectiligne dans une encoche (19a) de la queue (19) du percuteur présentant une section droite polygonale, par exemple carrée, ladite encoche (19a) s'étendant axialement sur une longueur supérieure à l'épaisseur de la plaque d'immobilisation (22).Percussion device according to claim 7, characterized in that the immobilization device comprises a plate (22) fixed to the rear face of the percussion body (2) beyond which the tail (19) of the striker protrudes ( 5), said plate (22) in the form of a half-disc for example, being intended to engage by its rectilinear side in a notch (19a) of the tail (19) of the striker having a polygonal cross section, for example square, said notch (19a) extending axially over a length greater than the thickness of the immobilization plate (22). Dispositif de percussion selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'un ressort de rappel (25) est monté autour du corps (15) du percuteur (5), ce ressort (25) prenant appui d'un côté sur un épaulement (27) prévu dans le canal (4) du corps (2) de percussion et de l'autre côté sur une face d'un bossage (20) prévu sur le corps (15) du percuteur (5).Percussion device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a return spring (25) is mounted around the body (15) of the striker (5), this spring (25) being supported on one side on a shoulder (27) provided in the channel (4) of the percussion body (2) and on the other side on one face of a boss (20) provided on the body (15) of the striker (5).
EP94402871A 1993-12-21 1994-12-13 Firearm percussion device Withdrawn EP0660068A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9315374 1993-12-21
FR9315374A FR2714161B1 (en) 1993-12-21 1993-12-21 Improved percussion device for a firearm.

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EP (1) EP0660068A1 (en)
FR (1) FR2714161B1 (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR3094472A1 (en) * 2019-03-29 2020-10-02 Cta International Valve sleeve for CT40 barrel
WO2020200511A3 (en) * 2019-03-29 2021-12-16 Cta International Valve sheath for ct40 cannon
US11614295B2 (en) 2019-03-29 2023-03-28 Cta International Valve sleeve for CT40 cannon

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FR2714161A1 (en) 1995-06-23
FR2714161B1 (en) 1996-02-09
US5604326A (en) 1997-02-18

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