EP0657694A2 - Method for disposal of contaminated adsorbents from flue gas purification - Google Patents
Method for disposal of contaminated adsorbents from flue gas purification Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0657694A2 EP0657694A2 EP94119577A EP94119577A EP0657694A2 EP 0657694 A2 EP0657694 A2 EP 0657694A2 EP 94119577 A EP94119577 A EP 94119577A EP 94119577 A EP94119577 A EP 94119577A EP 0657694 A2 EP0657694 A2 EP 0657694A2
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- adsorbent
- burned
- grate
- ground
- loaded
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/006—General arrangement of incineration plant, e.g. flow sheets
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
- F23J15/02—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
- F23G2201/80—Shredding
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2202/00—Combustion
- F23G2202/10—Combustion in two or more stages
- F23G2202/106—Combustion in two or more stages with recirculation of unburned solid or gaseous matter into combustion chamber
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J2219/00—Treatment devices
- F23J2219/30—Sorption devices using carbon, e.g. coke
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for the combustion of pollutants loaded with exhaust gas cleaning adsorbents, in particular carbon-containing absorbents, such as. B. activated coke, an incinerator for household waste or household-like waste, with pre- and post-separation of the pollutants liberated during combustion, an adsorbent, in particular brown coal coke, being used in the post-separation to separate organic pollutants and / or inorganic residues.
- adsorbents in particular carbon-containing absorbents, such as. B. activated coke, an incinerator for household waste or household-like waste, with pre- and post-separation of the pollutants liberated during combustion, an adsorbent, in particular brown coal coke, being used in the post-separation to separate organic pollutants and / or inorganic residues.
- activated coke loaded with pollutants is normally legally declared as hazardous waste, it must be disposed of in a hazardous waste incineration plant, unless it can be proven that the additional incineration in the plant does not increase the pollutant load.
- the combustion of coal dust-containing substances and also of activated coke is known from DE-OS 3036504, but in the known systems there is the disadvantage that unburned substances containing pollutants can get onto the grate or into the ash funnel, so that the pollutants additionally cause the amount of pollutants in the Increase ash and are therefore not to be treated in the sense of the statutory exemption. In other words, the ashes would have to be cleaned or special constructions should be chosen.
- the object of the invention is therefore to overcome the disadvantages and to carry out the combustion or the preparation for the combustion in such a way that no additional organic pollutants, in particular dioxins and furans on the gas or solids side, are released.
- the invention is characterized in that the adsorbent loaded in the adsorber is ground before it is burned, in particular to a particle size distribution of 90% less than 90 ⁇ m, and via a burner, which is aimed at a main furnace, in particular waste incineration grate, before it comes into contact with the grate ash is already completely burned.
- the ground adsorbent is burned via a burner with auxiliary firing.
- the adsorbent is preferably burned in a calorific value ratio of approximately 1: 100.
- an exhaust gas laden with dust and gaseous pollutants is generated, which is first cleaned dry, for example in an electrostatic filter 2, and then wet in a gas scrubber.
- the gas, which still contains residual pollutants, is freed of the residual pollutants in a solid filter 4, for example adsorber, which can be designed as an activated coke filter, and finally fed to the chimney 6 and thus to the free atmosphere via a fan 5.
- a solid filter 4 for example adsorber, which can be designed as an activated coke filter, and finally fed to the chimney 6 and thus to the free atmosphere via a fan 5.
- the solid matter filter 4 the solid matter (activated coke) is loaded with the pollutants and drawn off, the amount withdrawn being replaced by fresh adsorbent via the feed 7.
- the loaded solid is stored in the intermediate storage 8 and fed to a grinding device 9, in which the coarse grain is ground to a grain size in which 90% are less than 90 ⁇ m.
- the ground solid is again stored in an intermediate storage 10 and continuously fed from there to the combustion chamber 1, the combustion of the loaded adsorbent being carried out at normal waste incineration temperature, for example 800 ° C., with a minimum residence time of 2 seconds, the combustion being carried out in such a way that the adsorbent is burned before it comes into contact with the grate or the fuel mixed with ash on the grate or before it comes into contact with the ash, so that no pollutants from the adsorbent combustion get into the ashes.
- Activated coke in particular lignite coke or a solid with a high active surface, the organic portion of which can be completely burned, can be used as the adsorbent. So that the firing can be carried out continuously and the streak formation of the resulting pollutant is minimized, it is on a main firing such.
- the combustion rate of the adsorbent is chosen so that the calorific value ratio of the burned adsorbent to that of the main furnace is approximately 1: 100.
- the adsorbent combustion Preheated air is fed via line 11 to accelerate the oxidation.
- 1 to 10 kg of loaded dust-like adsorbent is burned per ton of waste burned on the grate.
- the invention is not only limited to waste incineration plants, but can also in metal melting plants such.
- B. shaft furnaces, blast furnaces are used, especially in the treatment of scrap metal when chlorine-containing scrap is used and the exhaust gases contain dioxins and / or furans.
- the adsorbent loaded with pollutants is placed on the melt and oxidized there and thereby becomes a partial deoxidizing agent, especially when activated carbon is used.
- non-oxidizable pollutants such as SOx and / or HCl not accumulate in the system, it is essential that 4 pollutant sinks such as z.
- B. electrostatic precipitators (mainly for heavy metal dusts) and also wet scrubbers for separating the volatile heavy metals and acid-forming pollutants, such as SO2 and HCl, may be provided in several stages using different absorbents, to which the majority of the pollutants are absorbed and thus separated.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
- Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Verbrennung von mit Schadstoffen aus der Abgasreinigung beladenen Adsorbentien, insbesondere kohlenstoffhältigen Absorbentien, wie z. B. Aktivkoks, einer Verbrennungsanlage für Hausmüll oder hausmüllähnlichem Abfall, mit Vor- und Nachabscheidung der bei der Verbrennung frei werdenden Schadstoffe, wobei in der Nachabscheidung ein Adsorbens, insbesondere Braunkohlenkoks, zur Abscheidung von organischen Schad- und/oder anorganischen Reststoffen verwendet wird.The invention relates to a method for the combustion of pollutants loaded with exhaust gas cleaning adsorbents, in particular carbon-containing absorbents, such as. B. activated coke, an incinerator for household waste or household-like waste, with pre- and post-separation of the pollutants liberated during combustion, an adsorbent, in particular brown coal coke, being used in the post-separation to separate organic pollutants and / or inorganic residues.
Da mit Schadstoff beladener Aktivkoks im Normalfall als Sondermüll gesetzlich deklariert ist muß derselbe in einer Sondermüllverbrennungsanlage entsorgt werden, es sei denn es wird nachgewiesen, daß durch die zusätzliche Verbrennung in der eigenen Anlage die Schadstoffbelastung nicht erhöht wird. Die Verbrennung kohlenstaubhaltiger Substanzen und auch von Aktivkoks ist aus der DE-OS 3036504 bekannt, doch entsteht bei den bekannten Anlagen der Nachteil, daß unverbrannte schadstoffhaltige Substanzen auf den Rost, bzw. in den Aschentrichter gelangen können, sodaß die Schadstoffe zusätzlich das Schadstoffaufkommen in der Asche erhöhen und damit nicht im Sinne der gesetzlichen Ausnahmeregelung zu behandeln sind. Mit anderen Worten, die Aschen müßten einer zusätzlichen Reinigung zugeführt werden bzw. spezielle Konstruktionen gewählt werden.Since activated coke loaded with pollutants is normally legally declared as hazardous waste, it must be disposed of in a hazardous waste incineration plant, unless it can be proven that the additional incineration in the plant does not increase the pollutant load. The combustion of coal dust-containing substances and also of activated coke is known from DE-OS 3036504, but in the known systems there is the disadvantage that unburned substances containing pollutants can get onto the grate or into the ash funnel, so that the pollutants additionally cause the amount of pollutants in the Increase ash and are therefore not to be treated in the sense of the statutory exemption. In other words, the ashes would have to be cleaned or special constructions should be chosen.
Die Erfindung hat es sich daher zur Aufgabe gestellt, den Nachteilen zu begegnen und die Verbrennung bzw. die Vorbereitung zur Verbrennung so zu führen, daß keine zusätzliche organische Schadstoffbelastung, insbesondere Dioxine und Furane an der Gas- bzw. Feststoffseite, freigesetzt wird.The object of the invention is therefore to overcome the disadvantages and to carry out the combustion or the preparation for the combustion in such a way that no additional organic pollutants, in particular dioxins and furans on the gas or solids side, are released.
Zur Entsorgung anfallender Schadstoffe in Form von Schlämmen und Aschen ist es gemäß DE-OS 40 02 741 bekannt, schadstoffbelastete Aufbereitungsschlämme in Schmelzkammerfeuerungen zur Beeinflussung der Ascheschmelzung zu verbrennen. Derartige Feuerungen sind infolge des inhomogenen Brennstoffes Müll bei Müllverbrennungsanlagen nur schwer vorstellbar. Gemäß DD-PS 249.854 werden Aschen in einem Feuerungsabgasreinigungsverfahren aus Kalkbasis zur Adsorption von SO₂ und SO₃ und NOx zur Verminderung des Kalkverbrauches verwendet. Beide Verfahren betreffen nicht die Entsorgung von Koks durch Verbrennung.For the disposal of accumulating pollutants in the form of sludges and ashes, it is known according to DE-OS 40 02 741 to burn contaminated processing sludges in furnace furnaces to influence the ash melting. Such furnaces are difficult to imagine due to the inhomogeneous fuel waste in waste incineration plants. According to DD-PS 249.854, ashes are used in a lime-based combustion exhaust gas cleaning process for the adsorption of SO₂ and SO₃ and NO x to reduce the lime consumption. Neither process affects the disposal of coke by incineration.
Die Erfindung ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das im Adsorber beladene Adsorbens vor seiner Verbrennung, insbesondere auf eine Korngrößenverteilung von 90 % kleiner als 90µm, gemahlen und über einen Brenner, der auf eine Hauptfeuerung, insbesondere Müllverbrennungsrost, gerichtet ist, vor der Berührung mit der Rostasche bereits vollständig verbrannt wird. Insbesondere wird das gemahlene Adsorbens über einen Brenner mit Stützfeuerung verbrannt wird. Vorzugsweise wird das Adsorbens im Heizwertverhältnis von etwa 1:100 verbrannt. Weitere wesentliche Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen 4 - 7 angegeben.The invention is characterized in that the adsorbent loaded in the adsorber is ground before it is burned, in particular to a particle size distribution of 90% less than 90 µm, and via a burner, which is aimed at a main furnace, in particular waste incineration grate, before it comes into contact with the grate ash is already completely burned. In particular, the ground adsorbent is burned via a burner with auxiliary firing. The adsorbent is preferably burned in a calorific value ratio of approximately 1: 100. Further essential refinements of the invention are specified in subclaims 4-7.
In der angeschlossenen Figur ist das Schaltbild einer Rauchgasreinigungsanlage nach einer Verbrennungsanlage für Hausmüll beispielsweise dargestellt.In the attached figure, the circuit diagram of a flue gas cleaning system after an incinerator for household waste is shown, for example.
In der Verbrennungskammer 1 des Müllverbrennungskessels wird ein mit staub- und gasförmigen Schadstoffen beladenes Abgas erzeugt, welches zuerst trocken beispielsweise in einem Elektrofilter 2 und anschließend naß in einem Gaswäscher gereinigt wird. Das noch Restschadstoffe enthaltene Gas wird in einem Feststoffilter 4 beispielsweise Adsorber, der als Aktivkoksfilter ausgebildet sein kann, von den Restschadstoffen befreit und schließlich über ein Gebläse 5 dem Kamin 6 und damit der freien Atmosphäre zugeleitet. Im Feststoffilter 4 wird der Feststoff (Aktivkoks) mit den Schadstoffen beladen und abgezogen, wobei die abgezogene Menge durch frisches Adsorbens über die Zuführung 7 ersetzt wird. Der beladene Feststoff wird im Zwischenlager 8 gelagert und einer Mahleinrichtung 9 zugeführt, in welcher das Grobkorn auf eine Korngröße bei der 90 % kleiner als 90µm sind, gemahlen wird. Der gemahlene Feststoff wird nochmals in einer Zwischenlagerung 10 zwischengelagert und von dort kontinuierlich der Verbrennungskammer 1 zugeführt, wobei die Verbrennung des beladenen Adsorbens bei normaler Müllverbrennungstemperatur also beispielsweise 800° C mit einer Mindestverweildauer von 2 sek durchgeführt wird, wobei die Verbrennung so durchgeführt wird, daß das Adsorbens vor seiner eventuellen Berührung mit dem Rost bzw. dem am Rost liegenden mit Asche versetzten Brennstoff oder vor seiner Berührung mit der Asche verbrannt ist, sodaß keine Schadstoffe aus der Adsorbensverbrennung in die Asche gelangen. Als Adsorbens kann Aktivkoks insbesondere Braunkohlenkoks oder auch ein Feststoff mit hoher aktiver Oberfläche verwendet werden, dessen organischer Anteil vollständig verbrannt werden kann. Damit die Feuerung kontinuierlich durchgeführt werden kann und die Strähnenbildung des entstehenden Schadstoffes minimiert ist, ist sie auf eine Hauptfeuerung wie z. B. Müllverbrennungsrost gerichtet oder die Verbrennung erfolgt über eine Stützfeuerung. Die Verbrennungsrate des Adsorbens ist so gewählt, daß das Heizwertverhältnis des verbrannten Adsorbens zu jenen der Hauptfeuerung etwa 1:100 ist. Ferner kann der Adsorbensverbrennung zur Beschleunigung der Oxidation vorgewärmte Luft über die Leitung 11 zugeführt werden. In einer Müllverbrennungsanlage wird beispielsweise je Tonne am Rost verbrannten Müll 1 bis 10 kg beladenes staubförmiges Adsorbens verbrannt.In the
Die Erfindung ist nicht nur auf Müllverbrennungsanlagen beschränkt, sondern kann auch bei Metallerschmelzungsanlagen wie z. B. Schachtöfen, Hochöfen verwendet werden, insbesondere bei der Altmetallaufbereitung, wenn chlorhaltiger Schrott verwendet wird und in den Abgasen Dioxine und/oder Furane enthalten sind. In diesem Fall wird das mit Schadstoff beladene Adsorbens auf die Schmelze aufgegeben und oxidiert dort und wird dadurch zum Teil Deoxidationsmittel, insbesondere dann wenn Aktivkohle verwendet wird.The invention is not only limited to waste incineration plants, but can also in metal melting plants such. B. shaft furnaces, blast furnaces are used, especially in the treatment of scrap metal when chlorine-containing scrap is used and the exhaust gases contain dioxins and / or furans. In this case, the adsorbent loaded with pollutants is placed on the melt and oxidized there and thereby becomes a partial deoxidizing agent, especially when activated carbon is used.
Damit sich die nichtoxidierbaren Schadstoffe wie z. B. SOx und/oder HCl sich nicht in der Anlage anreichern, ist es wesentlich, daß vor dem Feststoffilter 4 Schadstoffsenken wie z. B. Elektrofilter (hauptsächlich für Schwermetallstäube) und auch Naßwäscher zur Abscheidung der flüchtigen Schwermetalle und Säure bildenden Schadstoffe, wie SO₂ und HCl, eventuell in mehreren Stufen unter Verwendung von verschiedenen Absorbentien vorgesehen sind, an welchen die Hauptmenge der Schadstoffe absorbiert und damit abgeschieden werden.So that the non-oxidizable pollutants such. B. SOx and / or HCl not accumulate in the system, it is essential that 4 pollutant sinks such as z. B. electrostatic precipitators (mainly for heavy metal dusts) and also wet scrubbers for separating the volatile heavy metals and acid-forming pollutants, such as SO₂ and HCl, may be provided in several stages using different absorbents, to which the majority of the pollutants are absorbed and thus separated.
Claims (7)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT251093A AT402339B (en) | 1993-12-13 | 1993-12-13 | METHOD FOR THE COMBUSTION OF ADSORBENTS LOADED WITH POLLUTANTS FROM THE EXHAUST GAS PURIFICATION |
AT2510/93 | 1993-12-13 | ||
AT251093 | 1993-12-13 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0657694A2 true EP0657694A2 (en) | 1995-06-14 |
EP0657694A3 EP0657694A3 (en) | 1996-05-01 |
EP0657694B1 EP0657694B1 (en) | 1999-07-07 |
Family
ID=3535584
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP19940119577 Expired - Lifetime EP0657694B1 (en) | 1993-12-13 | 1994-12-10 | Method for disposal of contaminated adsorbents from flue gas purification |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0657694B1 (en) |
AT (1) | AT402339B (en) |
DE (1) | DE59408470D1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0770821A3 (en) * | 1995-10-26 | 1998-09-02 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Method and apparatus for simultaneous disposal of finely divided bulk goods and other waste in thermal treatment plants |
EP2305365A3 (en) * | 2009-09-30 | 2011-10-12 | Hitachi Ltd. | Carbon dioxide capture power generation system |
CN108105783A (en) * | 2018-01-29 | 2018-06-01 | 深圳市地质局(深圳市地质灾害应急抢险技术中心) | Oxygen blast burning zero discharge treatment garbage apparatus |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3620687A1 (en) * | 1986-06-20 | 1987-12-23 | Rheinische Braunkohlenw Ag | Process for removing NO/NO2 from substantially desulphurised flue gases |
DE3929663A1 (en) * | 1989-09-07 | 1990-12-06 | Rheinische Braunkohlenw Ag | Flue gas purification - in thermal treatment of earth contg. pollutants at lower temps. than for combustion |
EP0426054A1 (en) * | 1989-11-03 | 1991-05-08 | Hugo Petersen Ges. für verfahrenstechn. Anlagenbau mbH & Co KG | Method of removing sulphur dioxide and if applicable nitrogen oxides and other impurities from the exhaust gas of waste incineration |
DE3941894A1 (en) * | 1989-12-19 | 1991-06-20 | Steinmueller Gmbh L & C | Organic fume pollutants collection - by washing gas from refuse incinerators then removing pollutants by using adsorbent e.g. active coke |
US5172644A (en) * | 1991-12-12 | 1992-12-22 | Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. | Method and apparatus for enhanced suppression of the multiple pollutants produced by a combusted fuel |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3036504C2 (en) * | 1980-09-27 | 1983-08-18 | Rheinische Braunkohlenwerke Ag, 5000 Koeln | Process for removing pollutants rich in fluorine and / or sulfur from gaseous and liquid media |
DD249854A1 (en) * | 1986-06-09 | 1987-09-23 | Leipzig Energiekombinat | METHOD FOR SMOKE GAS CLEANING |
DE4002741A1 (en) * | 1990-01-31 | 1991-08-01 | Rwe Energie Ag | System for operating coal fired power station plant - in which slurry from system is fed into furnace with coal to lower ash fusion point |
-
1993
- 1993-12-13 AT AT251093A patent/AT402339B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1994
- 1994-12-10 EP EP19940119577 patent/EP0657694B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-12-10 DE DE59408470T patent/DE59408470D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3620687A1 (en) * | 1986-06-20 | 1987-12-23 | Rheinische Braunkohlenw Ag | Process for removing NO/NO2 from substantially desulphurised flue gases |
DE3929663A1 (en) * | 1989-09-07 | 1990-12-06 | Rheinische Braunkohlenw Ag | Flue gas purification - in thermal treatment of earth contg. pollutants at lower temps. than for combustion |
EP0426054A1 (en) * | 1989-11-03 | 1991-05-08 | Hugo Petersen Ges. für verfahrenstechn. Anlagenbau mbH & Co KG | Method of removing sulphur dioxide and if applicable nitrogen oxides and other impurities from the exhaust gas of waste incineration |
DE3941894A1 (en) * | 1989-12-19 | 1991-06-20 | Steinmueller Gmbh L & C | Organic fume pollutants collection - by washing gas from refuse incinerators then removing pollutants by using adsorbent e.g. active coke |
US5172644A (en) * | 1991-12-12 | 1992-12-22 | Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. | Method and apparatus for enhanced suppression of the multiple pollutants produced by a combusted fuel |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
VGB KRAFTWERKSTECHNIK, Bd. 72, Nr. 11, November 1992 ESSEN, DE, Seiten 991-994, XP 000323388 J. STUBENVOLL 'DIE M]LLVERBRENNUNGSANLAGE DES UNIVERSIT[TSKLINIKUMS HEIDELBERG' * |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0770821A3 (en) * | 1995-10-26 | 1998-09-02 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Method and apparatus for simultaneous disposal of finely divided bulk goods and other waste in thermal treatment plants |
EP2305365A3 (en) * | 2009-09-30 | 2011-10-12 | Hitachi Ltd. | Carbon dioxide capture power generation system |
US8500881B2 (en) | 2009-09-30 | 2013-08-06 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Carbon dioxide capture power generation system |
CN108105783A (en) * | 2018-01-29 | 2018-06-01 | 深圳市地质局(深圳市地质灾害应急抢险技术中心) | Oxygen blast burning zero discharge treatment garbage apparatus |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE59408470D1 (en) | 1999-08-12 |
EP0657694B1 (en) | 1999-07-07 |
ATA251093A (en) | 1996-08-15 |
AT402339B (en) | 1997-04-25 |
EP0657694A3 (en) | 1996-05-01 |
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