EP0657356A1 - Method and apparatus for shrinking a hood of heat shrinkable material onto a palletized load - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for shrinking a hood of heat shrinkable material onto a palletized load Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0657356A1
EP0657356A1 EP94119680A EP94119680A EP0657356A1 EP 0657356 A1 EP0657356 A1 EP 0657356A1 EP 94119680 A EP94119680 A EP 94119680A EP 94119680 A EP94119680 A EP 94119680A EP 0657356 A1 EP0657356 A1 EP 0657356A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
shrinking
hood
load
film
pallet
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Granted
Application number
EP94119680A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0657356B1 (en
Inventor
Kurt C/O Kurt Lachenmeier A/S Lachenmeier
Fleming C/O Kurt Lachenmeier A/S Thomsen
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Signode Denmark ApS
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Kurt Lachenmeier AS
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B53/00—Shrinking wrappers, containers, or container covers during or after packaging
    • B65B53/02—Shrinking wrappers, containers, or container covers during or after packaging by heat
    • B65B53/06—Shrinking wrappers, containers, or container covers during or after packaging by heat supplied by gases, e.g. hot-air jets
    • B65B53/066—Mobile frames, hoods, posts or the like

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a film hood which consists of a shrinkable film material and is shrunk by the action of heat. In this way, the load on the pallet is fixed at the same time and protected against damage in transit. Pulling the film hood over, folding and fixing the hood edge under the load or the pallet, and shrinking, e.g. by radiation burners or hot air blowers, can be done fully automatically or semi-automatically in suitable devices.
  • the load on the pallet can consist of smaller, stacked units, which in turn are surrounded by shrink films or other plastic films.
  • the film hood will melt or stick together with the wrapping material of the smaller units if it is heated in the system and pressed against it under the shrinking effect. The film hood can then no longer be properly separated from the load and the individual packaging can be damaged, which can lead to considerable transport losses.
  • the known method and the device intended for it work on the one hand with a constant air pressure of the blower, on the other hand with a so-called hot blow mast, which is guided in a circle around the stack of goods and shrinks the shrink film over the entire height of the stack, progressively in the circumferential direction .
  • a so-called hot blow mast which is guided in a circle around the stack of goods and shrinks the shrink film over the entire height of the stack, progressively in the circumferential direction .
  • the air trapped in the film hood rises and has a higher temperature in the upper area than below, it is not possible to achieve a uniform, reproducible contact relationship between the inner and outer films over the amount of the charge.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a method of the type mentioned in such a way that the shrunk film hood lies evenly against the load can be without gluing or fusing with foils that surround the cargo units.
  • the use of a pressure blower should be unnecessary.
  • the object is achieved with the features of claim 1 and claim 13.
  • the invention is based on the fact that the expansion of the enclosed air is sufficient for the inflation of the film hood due to the heat supplied for shrinking, and that to achieve the desired effect, the pressure not increased as in the prior art, but must be reduced to a certain level.
  • the level of the internal pressure to be maintained is determined by the shrink force generated by the film hood, which causes the film hood to be placed against the load. Since the shrinking takes place with the help of a vertically moving shrink frame, the pressure conditions that change over the stack height can be compensated.
  • the regulation of the air pressure within the film hood can start from different output variables.
  • a suction blower can be provided which extracts excess air from the interior of the film hood, or the heat supply to the film hood can be controlled by changing the vertical speed of the shrink frame and / or its heat emission. It is also possible to combine different control parameters.
  • a shrinking system for carrying out the method which, in a manner known per se, has a shrinking frame which can be moved vertically along the pallet load and which, according to the invention, has a holding device which fixes the film to the lower edge of the pallet during the shrinking process, and more adjustable devices for lowering the initial air pressure inside the film hood during shrinking.
  • the holding device can advantageously be formed, for example, by grippers on the shrink frame are attached themselves and serve to pull off and open the film but also to hold the film in the area of the lower edge of the pallet so that the film can be fixed to the edge of the pallet by heat.
  • the holding device is attached to a conveyor belt which is used to transport the pallets to the individual processing stations and holds the film on the lower edge of the pallet during the entire shrinking process. If a lifting platform is provided, the holding device can also be provided on the lifting platform in order to ensure that the film of the pallet is fixed during the entire shrinking process.
  • the holding device is advantageously formed by mechanical grippers that press the film against the pallet.
  • the devices used to regulate the air pressure within the film hood can be formed by a suction fan, the output of which is controlled as a function of the desired air pressure within the film hood.
  • devices are also provided in an advantageous manner which detect the shrinking temperature during the shrinking process and keep it at a uniform level while the shrinking frame moves from the lower part of the film hood to the upper part.
  • the shrinking temperature that is to say the temperature which the film has during the shrinking process, is different at different heights of the films. Controlling the shrink temperature to achieve a uniformly shrunk film hood is therefore advisable.
  • a device for regulating the upward movement of the shrink frame can advantageously be provided, the shrink frame remaining at the lower shrink temperature for a longer period of time at the lower edge of the film hood while moving upwards with increasing speed. It must be assumed that the hot air rising during the shrinking process has already preheated the upper part of the film before the shrinking frame reaches this area.
  • the device according to the invention can advantageously have at least two vertical pressure strips, which are arranged at a distance from the two narrow sides of the pallet load in the middle thereof and can be moved toward the load.
  • the air in particular in the corner areas, causes the film hood to swell, so that these particularly vulnerable areas are less exposed to the risk of entering into an adhesive connection with the lower films.
  • 1 denotes a load arranged on a pallet, which can consist of individual pieces stacked one on top of the other, each covered by a film, which must be protected against contact with a heated and / or softened other film.
  • a film hood 2 made of a heat-shrinkable material has already been pulled over.
  • a suction fan can be provided under the pallet at 3.
  • the downward-facing hood edge 4 of the film hood 2 is folded over and fixed inward around the lower edge of the load 1, so that the film does not lift off as a result of the vertical shrinkage forces and the warm air rising upwards.
  • the film on the pallet is shrunk tightly with the aid of hot gas jets directed inwards and downwards, which emanate from a shrinking frame 5.
  • the shrink frame is in its lowest position. It surrounds the load 1 from all sides and can also be equipped in a known manner with gripping devices in order to pull the film hood from a supply, open it and pull it over the load.
  • the hood edge 4 can also be folded over and held under the load with the aid of the gripping devices mentioned.
  • the shrinking frame 5 briefly, e.g. depending on the film thickness for 3 to 5 seconds, remains in its lowest position and releases heat into the space enclosed by it, but to a lesser extent, the film edge shrinks to the edge of the pallet.
  • the heated air is blown against the film and rises, releasing its heat to the film.
  • the air enclosed within the film hood 2 consequently expands, so that an air gap forms between the film hood and the charge enclosed by it, as can be seen from FIG. 3.
  • the film hood 2 shrinks.
  • the heat is released of the shrinking frame 5 increases, and this is simultaneously moved upwards at a predetermined speed.
  • the material of the film hood becomes soft on the one hand, and on the other hand, the trapped air expands further and causes the film hood to expand.
  • the air pressure within the film hood 2 were maintained in the state indicated in FIG. 3, a sufficient shrinkage of the film material would be prevented, so that the film hood 2 could not contact the outer surfaces of the load in the desired manner. According to the invention, the air pressure is therefore reduced to such an extent that it can be overcome by the shrinking force of the film, but this does not come into premature contact with the load, as is shown in FIG. 4.
  • the lowering of the air pressure within the film hood 2 takes place in this case by controlled operation of the suction blower 3, which draws just enough air to maintain the state shown in FIG. that the film is kept at a distance from the load as long as it has not shrunk. Simultaneously with the shrinking, it then attaches itself to the outer surface of the load 1, but there is no more sticking, since cooling also begins at the same time.
  • the enclosed air is heated, but significantly lower than the shrinking or softening temperature of the films, so that this air acts as an insulating layer against the transfer of the shrinking heat to the load.
  • the removal of air is maintained until the finished pallet has been completed as shown in FIG. 5.
  • the shrink frame 5 has then reached its uppermost position, in which it is switched off after completion of the upper shrink, and the film hood 2 lies tightly against the load on all sides, without sticking to further films which possibly surround the load units.
  • the method according to the invention makes it possible to regulate the air pressure prevailing within the film hood 2 in such a way that it can be adapted to the conditions prevailing at any time during the shrinking process. It is therefore advisable in the example described to control the power of the suction fan 3 as a function of the speed of the shrink frame 5 and / or its heat output. The best results are generally obtained if the suction power of the blower is gradually increased during the upward movement of the shrink frame.
  • a suitable procedure can also be achieved in another way that the air pressure within the film hood is kept at the correct value.
  • the speed at which the shrink frame moves up or down can be varied. Simultaneously or alternatively, it is possible to control the heat output emitted by the shrink frame.
  • the shrink temperature which can be measured in a suitable manner, comes into consideration as a further control variable.
  • FIGS. 6 and 7 advantageously prevents the foils from sticking to the vertical edges 6 of the charge stack at which the highest stresses occur in the foil hood.
  • 6 shows a view of the narrow side of the pallet
  • FIG. 7 shows a plan view.
  • the inflated film hood 2 is compressed on the narrow sides of the pallet stack over its entire height along a vertical center line, so that the hood comes close to the load or comes into slight contact with it without but to glue with it.
  • This lateral compression causes an increased inflation of the film hood in the other areas, as is particularly the case is shown in Fig. 7, wherein the film hood is no longer on the side edges 6 of the load. Rather, the system only comes into being when the film hood shrinks, ie when it cools down, so that no gluing takes place at the edges either.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Basic Packing Technique (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method and an apparatus for shrinking a foil hood (2) which consists of heat-shrinkable material and which is drawn over a load (1) located on a pallet. In this case, the object is to avoid bondings or fusions with foils which themselves surround the load units. For this purpose, excess air pressure is generated in a known way within the foil hood, so that the foil hood is kept at a distance from the surface of the load. According to the invention, the excess air pressure within the foil hood is brought about solely by heating the air located in the foil hood, and shrinkage takes place during the vertical movement of a shrinkage frame (5) enclosing the load, the method parameters being regulated in such a way that the shrinkage forces exceed the air pressure within the foil hood during the entire shrinking operation. The air pressure within the hood is thus lowered continuously to a predetermined level. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein verfahren nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a method according to the preamble of claim 1.

Güter, die in größeren Mengen auf Paletten transportiert werden, werden oft mit einer Folienhaube umgeben, die aus einem schrumpffähigen Folienmaterial besteht und durch Wärmeeinwirkung geschrumpft wird. Auf diese Weise wird die auf der Palette befindliche Ladung gleichzeitig festgelegt und gegen Transportschäden geschützt. Das Überziehen der Folienhaube, Umlegen und Festlegen des Haubenrandes unter der Ladung oder der Palette sowie das Schrumpfen, z.B. durch Strahlungsbrenner oder Heißluftgebläse, kann dabei vollautomatisch bzw. teilautomatisch in geeigneten Vorrichtungen erfolgen.Goods that are transported in large quantities on pallets are often surrounded by a film hood, which consists of a shrinkable film material and is shrunk by the action of heat. In this way, the load on the pallet is fixed at the same time and protected against damage in transit. Pulling the film hood over, folding and fixing the hood edge under the load or the pallet, and shrinking, e.g. by radiation burners or hot air blowers, can be done fully automatically or semi-automatically in suitable devices.

Die auf der Palette befindliche Ladung kann aus kleineren, übereinandergestapelten Einheiten bestehen, die ihrerseits von Schrumpffolien oder anderen Kunststoffolien umgeben sind. In einem solchen Fall besteht die Gefahr, daß die Folienhaube mit dem Umhüllungsmaterial der kleineren Einheiten verschmilzt oder verklebt, wenn sie in der Anlage damit erwärmt wird und unter der Schrumpfwirkung dagegen gepreßt wird. Die Folienhaube kann dann nicht mehr einwandfrei von der Ladung getrennt und die Einzelverpackungen können beschädigt werden, was zu erheblichen Transportverlusten führen kann.The load on the pallet can consist of smaller, stacked units, which in turn are surrounded by shrink films or other plastic films. In such a case, there is a risk that the film hood will melt or stick together with the wrapping material of the smaller units if it is heated in the system and pressed against it under the shrinking effect. The film hood can then no longer be properly separated from the load and the individual packaging can be damaged, which can lead to considerable transport losses.

Um den vorgenannten Effekt zu verhindern ist es bekannt, den von der Folienhaube umschlossenen Raum mit Hilfe eines Gebläses unter Überdruck zu setzen, so daß die Haube sich aufbläht, und die Folienhaube dann unter Aufrechterhaltung des Überdrucks von außen mit Wärmeenergie zu beaufschlagen (EP 0116124 B2). Dadurch, daß die Folienhaube quasi aufgeblasen wird, liegt sie während der Erhitzung nicht unmittelbar an den die Ladung umgebenden Folienlagen an, wobei die dazwischen befindliche Luftschicht gleichzeitig eine gewisse Isolierwirkung ausübt, die ein Erweichen der inneren Folienlagen verhindert. Zur Anlage kommt es erst, wenn die Folienhaube beim Abkühlen kontrahiert.In order to prevent the above-mentioned effect, it is known to pressurize the space enclosed by the film hood with the aid of a blower, so that the hood inflates, and then to apply heat energy to the film hood while maintaining the excess pressure (EP 0116124 B2 ). Due to the fact that the film hood is quasi inflated, it does not lie directly against the film layers surrounding the charge during the heating, the air layer located therebetween simultaneously exerting a certain insulating effect which prevents the inner film layers from softening. It only comes into contact when the film hood contracts when it cools down.

Das bekannte Verfahren bzw. die dafür bestimmte Vorrichtung arbeitet einerseits mit einem gleichbleibenden Luftdruck des Gebläses, andererseits mit einem sog. Heißblasmast, der im Kreis um den Gutstapel herumgeführt wird und die Schrumpffolie über die gesamte Höhe des Stapels, in Umfangsrichtung fortschreitend, zum Schrumpfen bringt. Da aber die in der Folienhaube eingeschlossene Luft nach oben steigt und im oberen Bereich eine höhere Temperatur als unten hat, lassen sich über die Höhe der Ladung gesehen keine einheitlichen, reproduzierbaren Kontaktverhältnisse zwischen der inneren und der äußeren Folie erreichen.The known method and the device intended for it work on the one hand with a constant air pressure of the blower, on the other hand with a so-called hot blow mast, which is guided in a circle around the stack of goods and shrinks the shrink film over the entire height of the stack, progressively in the circumferential direction . However, since the air trapped in the film hood rises and has a higher temperature in the upper area than below, it is not possible to achieve a uniform, reproducible contact relationship between the inner and outer films over the amount of the charge.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren der eingangs genannten Art so auszubilden, daß ein gleichmäßiges Anliegen der geschrumpften Folienhaube an der Ladung erreicht werden kann, ohne daß es zu Verklebungen oder Verschmelzungen mit Folien kommt, die die Ladungseinheiten umgeben. Dabei soll der Einsatz eines Druckgebläses entbehrlich sein.The invention has for its object to provide a method of the type mentioned in such a way that the shrunk film hood lies evenly against the load can be without gluing or fusing with foils that surround the cargo units. The use of a pressure blower should be unnecessary.

Die Lösung der Aufgabe erfolgt mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 bzw. des Anspruchs 13. Die Erfindung beruht darauf, daß für das Aufblähen der Folienhaube die Ausdehnung der eingeschlossenen Luft aufgrund der zum Schrumpfen zugeführten Wärme ausreicht, und daß zum Erzielen des gewünschten Effekts der Druck nicht wie beim Stand der Technik erhöht, sondern auf ein bestimmtes Niveau erniedrigt werden muß. Die Höhe des aufrechtzuerhaltenen Innendruckes bestimmt sich dabei nach der von der Folienhaube erzeugten Schrumpfkraft, die das Anlegen der Folienhaube gegen die Ladung bewirkt. Da das Schrumpfen mit Hilfe eines vertikal bewegten Schrumpfrahmens erfolgt, können die über die Stapelhöhe wechselnden Druckverhältnisse ausgeglichen werden.The object is achieved with the features of claim 1 and claim 13. The invention is based on the fact that the expansion of the enclosed air is sufficient for the inflation of the film hood due to the heat supplied for shrinking, and that to achieve the desired effect, the pressure not increased as in the prior art, but must be reduced to a certain level. The level of the internal pressure to be maintained is determined by the shrink force generated by the film hood, which causes the film hood to be placed against the load. Since the shrinking takes place with the help of a vertically moving shrink frame, the pressure conditions that change over the stack height can be compensated.

Die Regelung des Luftdruckes innerhalb der Folienhaube kann von unterschiedliche Ausgangsgrößen ausgehen. So kann ein Sauggebläse vorgesehen sein, das überschüssige Luft aus dem Inneren der Folienhaube absaugt, oder die Wärmezufuhr auf die Folienhaube kann durch Änderung der Vertikalgeschwindigkeit des Schrumpfrahmens und/oder seiner Wärmeabgabe gesteuert werden. Ebenso ist es möglich, verschiedene Regelparameter zu kombinieren.The regulation of the air pressure within the film hood can start from different output variables. For example, a suction blower can be provided which extracts excess air from the interior of the film hood, or the heat supply to the film hood can be controlled by changing the vertical speed of the shrink frame and / or its heat emission. It is also possible to combine different control parameters.

Gemäß der Erfindung wird auch eine Schrumpfanlage zur Durchführung des Verfahrens vorgeschlagen, die in ansich bekannter Weise einen entlang der Palettenladung vertikal bewegbaren Schrumpfrahmen aufweist und welche gemäß der Erfindung eine Festhaltevorrichtung besitzt, die die Folie während des Schrumpfens an dem unteren Palettenrand fixiert, und darüber hinaus regelbare Einrichtungen zum Absenken des anfänglichen Luftdruckes innerhalb der Folienhaube während des Schrumpfens. Die Festhaltevorrichtung kann dabei in vorteilhafter Weise z.B. durch Greifer gebildet sein, die an dem Schrumpfrahmen selbst befestigt sind und zum Abziehen und Öffnen der Folie aber gleichzeitig auch zum Festhalten der Folie im Bereich des unteren Palettenrandes dienen, damit hier die Folie mittels Wärmebeeinflussung am Palettenrand fixiert werden kann. Es kann jedoch vorkommen, daß die aufsteigende Luft zusammen mit den in vertikaler Richtung wirkenden Schrumpfkräften versucht, die Folienhaube von der Palette zu lösen und aufsteigen zu lassen. Dies ist auch deshalb möglich, weil die Folie noch warm ist und eine dauerhafte Fixierung am unteren Palettenrand noch nicht stattgefunden hat. Für einen solchen Fall ist es vorteilhaft, daß die Festhaltevorrichtung an einem Förderband, das zum Transportieren der Paletten zu den einzelnen Bearbeitungsstationen dient, angebracht ist und während des gesamten Schrumpfvorganges die Folie am unteren Palettenrand festhält. Sollte eine Hebebühne vorgesehen sein, kann die Festhaltevorrichtung auch an der Hebebühne vorgesehen sein, um während des gesamten Schrumpfvorganges für eine Fixierung der Folie der Palette zu sorgen. Dabei ist die Festhaltevorrichtung vorteilhaft von mechanischen Greifern gebildet, welche die Folie gegen die Palette drücken.According to the invention, a shrinking system for carrying out the method is also proposed which, in a manner known per se, has a shrinking frame which can be moved vertically along the pallet load and which, according to the invention, has a holding device which fixes the film to the lower edge of the pallet during the shrinking process, and more adjustable devices for lowering the initial air pressure inside the film hood during shrinking. The holding device can advantageously be formed, for example, by grippers on the shrink frame are attached themselves and serve to pull off and open the film but also to hold the film in the area of the lower edge of the pallet so that the film can be fixed to the edge of the pallet by heat. However, it can happen that the rising air, together with the shrinking forces acting in the vertical direction, tries to detach the film hood from the pallet and let it rise. This is also possible because the film is still warm and has not yet been permanently attached to the lower edge of the pallet. In such a case, it is advantageous that the holding device is attached to a conveyor belt which is used to transport the pallets to the individual processing stations and holds the film on the lower edge of the pallet during the entire shrinking process. If a lifting platform is provided, the holding device can also be provided on the lifting platform in order to ensure that the film of the pallet is fixed during the entire shrinking process. The holding device is advantageously formed by mechanical grippers that press the film against the pallet.

Die zur Regelung des Luftdruckes innerhalb der Folienhaube dienenden Einrichtungen können von einem Sauggebläse gebildet sein, dessen Leistung in Abhängigkeit von dem gewünschten Luftdruck innerhalb der Folienhaube gesteuert wird. Schließlich sind auch in vorteilhafter Weise Einrichtungen vorgesehen, die die Schrumpftemperatur während des Schrumpfvorganges erfassen und auf einem gleichmäßigen Niveau halten, während sich der Schrumpfrahmen vom unteren Teil der Folienhaube zum oberen Teil bewegt. Versuche haben nämlich gezeigt, daß die Schrumpftemperatur, das heißt, die Temperatur welche die Folie während des Schrumpfvorganges aufweist in unterschiedlichen Höhen der Folien unterschiedlich ist. Eine Steuerung der Schrumpftemperatur zur Erzielung einer gleichmäßig geschrumpften Folienhaube ist daher sinnvoll.The devices used to regulate the air pressure within the film hood can be formed by a suction fan, the output of which is controlled as a function of the desired air pressure within the film hood. Finally, devices are also provided in an advantageous manner which detect the shrinking temperature during the shrinking process and keep it at a uniform level while the shrinking frame moves from the lower part of the film hood to the upper part. Experiments have shown that the shrinking temperature, that is to say the temperature which the film has during the shrinking process, is different at different heights of the films. Controlling the shrink temperature to achieve a uniformly shrunk film hood is therefore advisable.

Es kann ferner in vorteilhafter Weise eine Einrichtung zum Regeln der Aufwärtsbewegung des Schrumpfrahmens vorgesehen sein, wobei der Schrumpfrahmen bei niedrigerer Schrumpftemperatur über einen größeren Zeitraum am unteren Rand der Folienhaube verweilt, während er sich mit zunehmender Geschwindigkeit nach oben bewegt. Man muß nämlich davon ausgehen, daß durch die während des Schrumpfens aufsteigende heiße Luft der obere Teil der Folie bereits vorgewärmt ist, bevor der Schrumpfrahmen diesen Bereich erreicht.In addition, a device for regulating the upward movement of the shrink frame can advantageously be provided, the shrink frame remaining at the lower shrink temperature for a longer period of time at the lower edge of the film hood while moving upwards with increasing speed. It must be assumed that the hot air rising during the shrinking process has already preheated the upper part of the film before the shrinking frame reaches this area.

Schließlich kann die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung in vorteilhafter Weise wenigstens zwei senkrechte Andrückleisten aufweisen, die im Abstand von den beiden Schmallseiten der Palettenladung in deren Mitte angeordnet und auf die Ladung zubewegbar sind. Auf diese Weise wird in vorteilhafter Weise erreicht, daß die Luft insbesondere in den Eckbereichen ein verstärktes Aufblähen der Folienhaube bewirkt, so daß diese besonders gefärdeten Bereiche weniger der Gefahr ausgesetzt sind, mit den Unterfolien eine klebende Verbindung einzugehen.Finally, the device according to the invention can advantageously have at least two vertical pressure strips, which are arranged at a distance from the two narrow sides of the pallet load in the middle thereof and can be moved toward the load. In this way, it is advantageously achieved that the air, in particular in the corner areas, causes the film hood to swell, so that these particularly vulnerable areas are less exposed to the risk of entering into an adhesive connection with the lower films.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren wird nachfolgend anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels erläutert.The method according to the invention is explained below using an exemplary embodiment.

In der Zeichnung zeigen:

Fig. 1 bis 5
schematisch die einzelnen Stadien des Verfahrensablaufs,
Fig. 6 und 7
eine Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens.
The drawing shows:
1 to 5
schematically the individual stages of the procedure,
6 and 7
an embodiment of the method according to the invention.

In der Zeichnung bezeichnet 1 eine auf einer Palette angeordnete Ladung, die aus übereinandergestapelten, jeweils von einer Folie umhüllten Einzelstücken bestehen kann, die vor Kontakt mit einer erhitzten und/oder erweichten anderen Folie geschützt werden müssen. Über die Ladung 1 ist in einem vorhergehenden Arbeitsgang bereits eine Folienhaube 2 aus einem heißschrumpffähigen Material übergezogen worden. Unter der Palette kann gemäß einer ersten Ausführung bei 3 ein Sauggebläse vorgesehen sein.In the drawing, 1 denotes a load arranged on a pallet, which can consist of individual pieces stacked one on top of the other, each covered by a film, which must be protected against contact with a heated and / or softened other film. About charge 1 is in a previous one A film hood 2 made of a heat-shrinkable material has already been pulled over. According to a first embodiment, a suction fan can be provided under the pallet at 3.

In einem ersten Verfahrensschritt wird der nach unten weisende Haubenrand 4 der Folienhaube 2 um den Unterrand der Ladung 1 nach innen umgefaltet und festgelegt, so daß die Folie nicht infolge der vertikalen Schrumpfkräfte und der nach oben steigenden warmen Luft abhebt. Im vorliegenden Beispiel erfolgt gemäß Fig. 2 ein Festschrumpfen der Folie an der Palette mit Hilfe von nach innen und unten gerichteten heißen Gasstrahlen, die von einem Schrumpfrahmen 5 ausgehen. Der Schrumpfrahmen befindet sich zu diesem Zeitpunkt in seiner untersten Stellung. Er umgibt die Ladung 1 von allen Seiten und kann in bekannter Weise auch mit Greifeinrichtungen ausgestattet sein, um die Folienhaube von einem Vorrat abzuziehen, zu öffnen und über die Ladung zu ziehen.In a first process step, the downward-facing hood edge 4 of the film hood 2 is folded over and fixed inward around the lower edge of the load 1, so that the film does not lift off as a result of the vertical shrinkage forces and the warm air rising upwards. In the present example, according to FIG. 2, the film on the pallet is shrunk tightly with the aid of hot gas jets directed inwards and downwards, which emanate from a shrinking frame 5. At this point the shrink frame is in its lowest position. It surrounds the load 1 from all sides and can also be equipped in a known manner with gripping devices in order to pull the film hood from a supply, open it and pull it over the load.

Das Umlegen und Festhalten des Haubenrandes 4 unter der Ladung kann auch mit Hilfe der genannten Greifeinrichtungen erfolgen.The hood edge 4 can also be folded over and held under the load with the aid of the gripping devices mentioned.

Während der Schrumpfrahmen 5 kurzzeitig, z.B. in Abhängigkeit von der Folienstärke 3 bis 5 Sekunden lang, in seiner untersten Stellung verbleibt und Wärme in den von ihm umschlossenen Raum abgibt, jedoch in verringertem Umfang, erfolgt ein Anschrumpfen des Folienrandes an den Rand der Palette. Die erwärmte Luft wird gegen die Folie geblasen und steigt nach oben, wobei sie ihre Wärme an die Folie abgibt. Die innerhalb der Folienhaube 2 eingeschlossene Luft dehnt sich infolgedessen aus, so daß sich zwischen der Folienhaube und der von ihr eingeschlossenen Ladung ein Luftspalt ausbildet, wie aus Fig. 3 ersichtlich ist.During the shrinking frame 5 briefly, e.g. depending on the film thickness for 3 to 5 seconds, remains in its lowest position and releases heat into the space enclosed by it, but to a lesser extent, the film edge shrinks to the edge of the pallet. The heated air is blown against the film and rises, releasing its heat to the film. The air enclosed within the film hood 2 consequently expands, so that an air gap forms between the film hood and the charge enclosed by it, as can be seen from FIG. 3.

In den in Fig. 3 und 4 dargestellten Verfahrensschritten erfolgt das Schrumpfen der Folienhaube 2. Hierzu wird die Wärmeabgabe des Schrumpfrahmens 5 erhöht, und dieser wird gleichzeitig mit vorgegebener Geschwindigkeit nach oben bewegt. Mit zunehmender Erwärmung wird einerseits das Material der Folienhaube weich, andererseits dehnt sich die eingeschlossene Luft weiter aus und führt zu einem Aufblähen der Folienhaube.In the process steps shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the film hood 2 shrinks. For this purpose, the heat is released of the shrinking frame 5 increases, and this is simultaneously moved upwards at a predetermined speed. With increasing warmth, the material of the film hood becomes soft on the one hand, and on the other hand, the trapped air expands further and causes the film hood to expand.

Wenn in dem in Fig. 3 angedeuteten Zustand der Luftdruck innerhalb der Folienhaube 2 aufrechterhalten bliebe, würde ein ausreichendes Schrumpfen des Folienmaterials verhindert, so daß die Folienhaube 2 sich nicht in gewünschter Weise an die Außenflächen der Ladung anlegen könnte. Erfindungsgemäß wird deshalb der Luftdruck in einem solchen Maß abgesenkt, daß er von der Schrumpfkraft der Folie überwunden werden kann, diese dabei aber nicht vorzeitig zur Anlage an die Ladung kommt, wie es in Fig. 4 dargestellt ist.If the air pressure within the film hood 2 were maintained in the state indicated in FIG. 3, a sufficient shrinkage of the film material would be prevented, so that the film hood 2 could not contact the outer surfaces of the load in the desired manner. According to the invention, the air pressure is therefore reduced to such an extent that it can be overcome by the shrinking force of the film, but this does not come into premature contact with the load, as is shown in FIG. 4.

Das Absenken des Luftdruckes innerhalb der Folienhaube 2 erfolgt in diesem Fall durch geregeltes Betreiben des Sauggebläses 3, das gerade soviel Luft abzieht, daß der in Fig. 4 gezeigte Zustand aufrechterhalten wird, d.h. daß die Folie auf Abstand von der Ladung gehalten wird, so lange sie noch nicht geschrumpft ist. Gleichzeitig mit dem Schrumpfen legt sie sich dann an die Außenfläche der Ladung 1 an, wobei aber kein Anhaften mehr stattfindet, da gleichzeitig auch die Abkühlung einsetzt. Die eingeschlossene Luft ist zwar erwärmt, aber deutlich niedriger als die Schrumpf- oder Erweichungstemperatur der Folien, so daß diese Luft als Isolierschicht gegen den Übertritt der Schrumpfwärme auf die Ladung wirkt.The lowering of the air pressure within the film hood 2 takes place in this case by controlled operation of the suction blower 3, which draws just enough air to maintain the state shown in FIG. that the film is kept at a distance from the load as long as it has not shrunk. Simultaneously with the shrinking, it then attaches itself to the outer surface of the load 1, but there is no more sticking, since cooling also begins at the same time. The enclosed air is heated, but significantly lower than the shrinking or softening temperature of the films, so that this air acts as an insulating layer against the transfer of the shrinking heat to the load.

Das Abführen der Luft wird bis zur endgültigen Fertigstellung der umhüllten Palette gemäß Fig. 5 beibehalten. Der Schrumpfrahmen 5 hat dann seine oberste Stellung erreicht, in der er nach Fertigstellung des Oberschrumpfs abgeschaltet wird, und die Folienhaube 2 liegt allseitig dicht an der Ladung an, ohne dabei mit weiteren Folien zu verkleben, die ggfs. die Ladungseinheiten umgeben.The removal of air is maintained until the finished pallet has been completed as shown in FIG. 5. The shrink frame 5 has then reached its uppermost position, in which it is switched off after completion of the upper shrink, and the film hood 2 lies tightly against the load on all sides, without sticking to further films which possibly surround the load units.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren ermöglicht es, den innerhalb der Folienhaube 2 herrschenden Luftdruck so zu regulieren, daß er während des Schrumpfvorgangs den zu jedem Zeitpunkt herrschenden Bedingungen angepaßt werden kann. So empfiehlt es sich, beim beschriebenen Beispiel die Leistung des Sauggebläses 3 in Abhängigkeit von der Geschwindigkeit des Schrumpfrahmens 5 und/oder dessen Wärmeleistung zu steuern. Dabei werden im allgemeinen die besten Ergebnisse erzielt, wenn die Saugleistung des Gebläses während der Aufwärtsbewegung des Schrumpfrahmens allmählich erhöht wird.The method according to the invention makes it possible to regulate the air pressure prevailing within the film hood 2 in such a way that it can be adapted to the conditions prevailing at any time during the shrinking process. It is therefore advisable in the example described to control the power of the suction fan 3 as a function of the speed of the shrink frame 5 and / or its heat output. The best results are generally obtained if the suction power of the blower is gradually increased during the upward movement of the shrink frame.

Durch geeignete Verfahrensführung kann auch auf andere Weise erreicht werden, daß der Luftdruck innerhalb der Folienhaube auf dem richtigen Wert gehalten wird. Hierzu kann die Geschwindigkeit, mit der sich der Schrumpfrahmen aufwärts oder abwärts bewegt, variiert werden. Gleichzeitig oder alternativ dazu ist es möglich, die vom Schrumpfrahmen abgegebene Wärmeleistung zu steuern. Als weitere Regelgröße kommt die Schrumpftemperatur in Betracht, die in geeigneter Weise gemessen werden kann.A suitable procedure can also be achieved in another way that the air pressure within the film hood is kept at the correct value. To do this, the speed at which the shrink frame moves up or down can be varied. Simultaneously or alternatively, it is possible to control the heat output emitted by the shrink frame. The shrink temperature, which can be measured in a suitable manner, comes into consideration as a further control variable.

Die in Fig. 6 und 7 gezeigte Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens verhindert in vorteilhafter Weise ein Verkleben der Folien an den senkrechten Kanten 6 des Ladungsstapels, an denen die höchsten Spannungen in der Folienhaube auftreten. Dabei zeigt Fig. 6 eine Ansicht der Schmalseite der Palette, während Fig. 7 eine Draufsicht darstellt.The embodiment of the method according to the invention shown in FIGS. 6 and 7 advantageously prevents the foils from sticking to the vertical edges 6 of the charge stack at which the highest stresses occur in the foil hood. 6 shows a view of the narrow side of the pallet, while FIG. 7 shows a plan view.

Hierbei wird während der in den Fig. 3 und 4 dargestellten Verfahrensschritte die aufgeblähte Folienhaube 2 an den Schmalseiten des Palettenstapels über dessen gesamte Höhe entlang einer senkrechten Mittellinie zusammengedrückt, so daß die Haube bis dicht an die Ladung oder in leichte Berührung mit dieser gelangt, ohne jedoch damit zu verkleben. Dieses seitliche Zusammendrücken bewirkt ein verstärktes Aufblähen der Folienhauube in den übrigen Bereichen, wie es insbesondere in Fig. 7 gezeigt ist, wobei die Folienhaube nicht mehr an den Seitenkanten 6 der Ladung anliegt. Zur Anlage kommt es vielmehr erst beim Schrumpfen der Folienhaube, d.h. beim Abkühlen, so daß auch an den Kanten kein Verkleben mehr stattfindet.Here, during the process steps shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the inflated film hood 2 is compressed on the narrow sides of the pallet stack over its entire height along a vertical center line, so that the hood comes close to the load or comes into slight contact with it without but to glue with it. This lateral compression causes an increased inflation of the film hood in the other areas, as is particularly the case is shown in Fig. 7, wherein the film hood is no longer on the side edges 6 of the load. Rather, the system only comes into being when the film hood shrinks, ie when it cools down, so that no gluing takes place at the edges either.

Da das Andrücken der Folienhaube keine großen Kräfte erfordert, genügen hierzu verhältnismäßig schmale und leichte Leisten 7, die den Betrieb und die Wirkung des Schrumpfrahmens 5 nicht behindern.Since the pressing of the film hood does not require great forces, relatively narrow and light strips 7 are sufficient for this, which do not impede the operation and the effect of the shrink frame 5.

Claims (20)

Verfahren zum Schrumpfen einer aus heißschrumpffähigem Material bestehenden Folienhaube, die über eine auf einer Palette befindliche Ladung gezogen ist, mit folgenden Schritten: a) Umlegen und Festlegen des Haubenrandes unter der Ladung oder der Palette, b) Erzeugen eines Luftüberdrucks innerhalb der Folienhaube, c) Schrumpfen der Folienhaube durch Wärmeeinwirkung, um die Folienhaube unter Überwindung des inneren Luftdrucks an die Ladung anzulegen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß d) der Luftüberdruck innerhalb der Folienhaube allein durch Erwärmung der Folienhaube und der in dieser befindlichen Luft bewirkt wird, e) das Schrumpfen während der Vertikalbewegung eines die Ladung umschließenden Schrumpfrahmens erfolgt, f) durch Regelung der Verfahrensparameter während des gesamten Schrumpfvorgangs der Luftdruck innerhalb der Folienhaube soweit abgesenkt wird, daß er höher bleibt als der äußere Luftdruck, jedoch ein Schrumpfen und Anlegen der Folienhaube an die Ladung erlaubt. Process for shrinking a film hood made of heat-shrinkable material, which is pulled over a load on a pallet, with the following steps: a) folding and fixing the edge of the hood under the load or the pallet, b) generating an air overpressure within the film hood, c) shrinking of the film hood by the action of heat in order to apply the film hood to the load while overcoming the internal air pressure, characterized in that d) the air overpressure within the film hood is brought about solely by heating the film hood and the air therein, e) the shrinking takes place during the vertical movement of a shrink frame enclosing the load, f) by regulating the process parameters during the entire shrinking process, the air pressure within the film hood is reduced to such an extent that it remains higher than the external air pressure, but allows the film hood to shrink and fit onto the load. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Regelung mit Hilfe eines Sauggebläses erfolgt, das den Druck innerhalb der Folienhaube in dem erforderlichen Maß absenkt.A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the control is carried out with the aid of a suction fan, which lowers the pressure within the film hood to the required extent. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Leistung des Sauggebläses in Abhängigkeit von der Vertikalgeschwindigkeit des Schrumpfrahmens geregelt wird.A method according to claim 2, characterized in that the power of the suction fan is controlled as a function of the vertical speed of the shrink frame. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Regelung durch Steuern der Vertikalgeschwindigkeit des Schrumpfrahmens erfolgt.A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the regulation is carried out by controlling the vertical speed of the shrink frame. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Regelung durch Steuern der Wärmeleistung des Schrumpfrahmens erfolgt.A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the regulation is carried out by controlling the heat output of the shrink frame. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Regelung in Abhängigkeit von der Schrumpftemperatur erfolgt.Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the regulation takes place as a function of the shrinking temperature. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zwei oder mehr der Regelparameter nach den Ansprüchen 2 bis 6 miteinander kombiniert angewendet werden.Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that two or more of the control parameters according to claims 2 to 6 are used in combination. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Umlegen und Festlegen des Haubenrandes unter der Ladung oder der Palette durch Greifer erfolgt.Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the hood edge is folded over and fixed under the load or the pallet by means of grippers. Verfahren nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Haubenrand nach dem Umlegen von den Greifern während des Schrumpfens der übrigen Haube festgehalten wird.A method according to claim 8 , characterized in that the hood edge is held by the grippers after folding over while the remaining hood is shrinking. Verfahren nach Anspruch 8 oder 9. dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Haubenrand vor dem Schrumpfen der übrigen Haube unter der Ladung angeschrumpft wird.A method according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the hood edge is shrunk under the load before the remaining hood shrinks. Verfahren nach Anspruch 8 und 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Greifer nach dem Anschrumpfen des Haubenrandes und vor dem Schrumpfen der übrigen Haube gelöst werden.A method according to claims 8 and 10, characterized in that the grippers are released after the hood edge is shrunk and before the remaining hood is shrunk. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß während des Schrumpfens die aufgeblähte Folienhaube an den Schmalseiten des Palettenstapels über dessen gesamte Höhe entlang einer senkrechten Mittellinie zusammengedrückt wird.Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that during the shrinking, the inflated film hood on the narrow sides of the pallet stack is compressed over its entire height along a vertical center line. Schrumpfanlage zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, mit einem entlang der Palettenladung (1) vertikal bewegbaren Schrumpfrahmen (5), dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Schrumpfanlage eine Festhaltevorrichtung aufweist, welche die Folie (2) während des Schrumpfens an dem unteren Palettenrand fixiert, und daß regelbare Einrichtungen zum Absenken des anfänglichen Luftdruckes innerhalb der Folienhaube (2) während des Schrumpfens vorgesehen sind.Shrinking system for carrying out the method according to one of the preceding claims, with a shrinking frame (5) which can be moved vertically along the pallet load (1), characterized in that the shrinking system has a holding device which fixes the film (2) to the lower edge of the pallet during shrinking , and that controllable devices for lowering the initial air pressure within the film hood (2) are provided during the shrinking. Schrumpfanlage nach Anspruch 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Festhaltevorrichtung aus Greifern besteht, die an dem Schrumpfrahmen (5) befestigt sind.Shrinking system according to claim 13, characterized in that the holding device consists of grippers which are fastened to the shrinking frame (5). Schrumpfanlage nach Anspruch 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Festhaltevorrichtung an einem Föderband angeordnet ist, das zum Transportieren der Paletten zu den einzelnen Bearbeitungsstationen dient.Shrinking system according to claim 13, characterized in that the holding device is arranged on a conveyor belt which serves to transport the pallets to the individual processing stations. Schrumpfanlage nach Anspruch 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Festhaltevorrichtung an einer Hebebühne für die Palette in der Schrumpfstation angeordnet ist.Shrinking system according to claim 13, characterized in that the holding device is arranged on a lifting platform for the pallet in the shrinking station. Schrumpfanlage nach einem der Ansprüche 13 bis 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die regelbare Einrichtung als unter der Palette angeordnetes Sauggebläse (3) ausgebildet ist.Shrinking plant according to one of claims 13 to 16, characterized in that the controllable device as Suction fan (3) arranged under the pallet is formed. Schrumpfanlage nach einem der Ansprüche 13 bis 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die regelbare Einrichtung als Einrichtung zum Erfassen und Regeln der Schrumpftemperatur ausgebildet ist.Shrinking plant according to one of claims 13 to 16, characterized in that the controllable device is designed as a device for detecting and regulating the shrinking temperature. Schrumpfanlage nach einem der Ansprüche 13 bis 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die regelbare Einrichtung als Einrichtung zum Regeln der Geschwindigkeit des Schrumpfrahmens (5) ausgebildet ist.Shrinking installation according to one of Claims 13 to 16, characterized in that the controllable device is designed as a device for regulating the speed of the shrinking frame (5). Schrumpfanlage nach einem der Ansprüche 13 bis 19, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie zwei senkrechte Andrückleisten (7) aufweist, die im Abstand von den beiden Schmalseiten der Palettenladung (1) in deren Mitte angeordnet und auf die Ladung (1) zu bewegbar sind.Shrinking system according to one of claims 13 to 19, characterized in that it has two vertical pressure strips (7) which are arranged at a distance from the two narrow sides of the pallet load (1) in the middle thereof and can be moved towards the load (1).
EP94119680A 1993-12-13 1994-12-13 Method and apparatus for shrinking a hood of heat shrinkable material onto a palletized load Expired - Lifetime EP0657356B1 (en)

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DE4342490A DE4342490C2 (en) 1993-12-13 1993-12-13 Method and device for shrinking a film hood made of heat-shrinkable material, which is pulled over a load on a pallet
DE4342490 1993-12-13

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FR2816587A1 (en) * 2000-11-16 2002-05-17 Thimon Procedure for covering palleted load with thermo-shrink plastic uses warm air to inflate sleeve as heater descends and fastening bottom edge

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CN114701707B (en) * 2022-04-19 2022-11-04 徐州力能电子科技有限公司 Battery pack packaging machine and packaging method for new energy automobile

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EP0376028A1 (en) * 1988-12-24 1990-07-04 MSK-Verpackungs-Systeme Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Device for packaging a stack of goods put on a pallet
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NL7207219A (en) * 1972-05-27 1973-11-29
EP0283541A1 (en) * 1987-03-26 1988-09-28 VFI Gesellschaft für Verpackungstechnik mbH Method and apparatus for shrinking a plastic hood around a palletized load
EP0376028A1 (en) * 1988-12-24 1990-07-04 MSK-Verpackungs-Systeme Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Device for packaging a stack of goods put on a pallet
FR2644136A1 (en) * 1989-03-08 1990-09-14 Balgros Jacques Hot-air retraction device
DE4311495C1 (en) * 1993-04-07 1994-07-21 Moellers Maschf Gmbh Heat shrink wrapping of items

Cited By (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2816587A1 (en) * 2000-11-16 2002-05-17 Thimon Procedure for covering palleted load with thermo-shrink plastic uses warm air to inflate sleeve as heater descends and fastening bottom edge
EP1207109A1 (en) * 2000-11-16 2002-05-22 Société Thimon Method and device applying and heat-sealing a hood in thermoplastic retractable material in order to obtain a waterproof palletized package

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE4342490C2 (en) 1996-09-26
DE4342490A1 (en) 1995-06-14
DE59403554D1 (en) 1997-09-04
EP0657356B1 (en) 1997-07-30

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