EP0656521B1 - Smoke charge having two components - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a smoke impact body with a fast-burning, a spontaneous fog-producing deceptive component and a slow-burning, permanent fog-producing camouflage component, which can be closed off from the fog thrower body, with an exhaust charge and with an ignition system for igniting the exhaust charge, the camouflage component and the deceptive component the preamble of claim 1.

Nebulization is a frequently used tactical and operational measure, whereby to protect a vehicle there is a need for an infrared-covering fog, which can be achieved with the help of two pyrotechnic components. In this case, a deceptive component is implemented abruptly, thereby achieving immediate coverage of the vehicle to be protected by a spontaneous fog, while the implementation of a camouflage component enables a longer-lasting effect by approaching a permanent fog. Thus, the deceptive component must be as short as possible and the camouflage component delayed and in close proximity to the Deceptive components come into effect, which can only be achieved with the temporally and spatially precisely coordinated functional sequence of the smoke nozzle.

For example, from DE 41 25 355 C1 (see the preamble of claim 1) a smoke-throwing body of the type mentioned is known, in which a safety line system enables the camouflage component to lie below the breakdown point of the deceptive component and from there to develop its effect. In this case, deceptive and camouflage components remain in contact with the launch site after being fired from a throwing body via a safety line, the length of which corresponds to the desired firing range. As soon as the desired firing range is reached and the safety line is tensioned, a propellant charge is initiated mechanically, so that first the deceptive component and after a well-defined delay time the camouflage component is implemented. It is disadvantageous, however, that the safety line system cannot be used, particularly in the case of small-caliber ammunition, such as 76 or 66 mm, due to lack of space.

DE 28 30 119 A1 also discloses a mist-casting body of the type mentioned at the outset, with only a sub-body being ejected here.

Both DE 30 35 799 C2 and the Norwegian patent specification R 8000 disclose two-component smoke projectors in which the deceptive component is shot from a launch tube in front of the camouflage component and spatially implemented closer than the camouflage component at the launch site, so that no spontaneous fog collocation occurs and permanent fog takes place. Rather, both publications solve the task of increasing the functional reliability of a smoke nozzle, even when used in damp areas.

Furthermore, DE 38 44 300 A1 discloses a one-component mist ejection body which has an elongated tube which, on the one hand, can be inserted into a throwing cup and, on the other hand, from which active mass can be fired. The elongated tube thus forms a secondary throwing cup, the use of which prevents contamination and damage to the actual throwing cup. In addition, the elongated tube enables larger amounts of the active masses to be fired with the same range, while the recoil force is reduced due to the internal ballistic properties of the elongated tube.

The invention has for its object to provide a generic smoke throwing body that overcomes the above disadvantages and whose function can be precisely coordinated in terms of time and space, so that a collocation of spontaneous fog and permanent fog takes place. Furthermore, contamination and damage to a throwing body in which the fog throwing body can be used should essentially be avoided.

According to the invention, this object is achieved in the projectile according to the invention by the features mentioned in the characterizing part of patent claim 1.

Particular embodiments of the invention are the subject of claims 2 to 14.

The invention is based on the surprising finding that an infrared-covering fog can be produced by means of a second-component smoke sausage body in that a deceptive component separates from a camouflage component when it is fired and accelerates relative to it and, in terms of time, comes into effect before it, so that the im have substantially approached the ballistic trajectories of the two components at the target, which run separately from one another, to the extent that a collocation of a spontaneous fog and a permanent fog approaching the same with a delay occurs. For this purpose, the pressure released when an ejection charge is implemented is passed between the camouflage component and the deceptive component in order to cause a delay in the camouflage component and at the same time an acceleration of the deceptive component, which is caused by an additional separating charge between the camouflage component and the deceptive component and / or the addition of resistance coefficients to the Camouflage component and / or the deceptive component can be reinforced. An elongated sleeve forming a secondary throwing cup together with a contact head also enables precise adjustment of the trajectories of the camouflage component and the deceptive component and at the same time serves to protect the actual throwing cup.

Fig. 1

einen Längsschnitt durch einen erfindungsgemäßen Nebelwurfkörper; und

Fig. 2

eine Skizze zur Erläuterung der Funktionsweise des verschossenen Nebelwurfkörpers von Fig. 1.

Further features and advantages of the invention result from the following description, in which an embodiment of the invention is explained in detail with reference to the schematic drawing. It shows:

Fig. 1

a longitudinal section through a smoke nozzle according to the invention; and

Fig. 2

1 shows a sketch to explain the mode of operation of the fired smoke throwing member from FIG. 1.

1 illustrates an example of the ammunition principle of a smoke missile 2 according to the invention, which comprises a camouflage component 4 and a deceptive component 6.

The housing of the mist throwing body 2 is essentially cup-shaped, is composed of a contact head 10 and a sleeve 20 connected to it and forms a secondary throwing cup, which is in a conventional throwing cup, not shown, such as. B. a "Wegmann cup" is insertable. However, the sleeve 20 is longer than conventional throwing cups, whereby the secondary throwing cup, when loaded into a primary throwing cup, projects beyond the latter.

The ignition system of the mist launcher 2 comprises an exhaust charge 30 in an ignition chamber 40, which is connected via a channel 50 axially crossing the camouflage body 4 to a relief chamber 60 between the camouflage component 4 and the deceptive component 6. Also between the camouflage component 4 and the deceptive component 6 is a separating charge 70 in an ignition chamber 80, the separating charge 70 being connected on the one hand to the relief chamber 60 and on the other hand to a channel 90 which extends axially over at least part of the length of the deceptive component 6.

In addition, the deceptive component 6 is arranged within a can 100, which is essentially flush with the sleeve 10, so that the mist body 2 is sealed only in Area of the mouth between the can 100 and the sleeve 20, for example, a sealing ring, not shown, is arranged or the fake component 6, for example, is crimped against the seal with a sleeve protrusion.

The camouflage component 4 is preferably designed in the form of compacts, which can act as a point mist in succession or simultaneously mist off over the floor.

The principle of operation of the mist launcher 2 just described is described below with reference to FIG. 2, which shows a launching location 200, a ballistic trajectory 206 of the deceptive component 6 and the location 216 of the spontaneous fog arising after the deception component 6 is fired and a ballistic trajectory 204 of the camouflage component 4 as well as the location 214 of the permanent fog that arises after the camouflage component 4 is ignited:

The smoke missile 2 is in the first step in a throw cup, not shown, for. B. "Wegmann cup", inserted, two not shown, along the contact head 10 extending, contact rings forming metal strips come into contact with the ignition system of the throwing cup, not shown, and at the contact head 10 opposite end, the sleeve 20 protrudes from the throwing cup.

To initiate the mist launcher 2, an electrical ignition pulse is next supplied to the metal strips of the mist launcher 2, as a result of which the ejection charge 30 is ignited via an electrical igniter (not shown).

• a) Beim Zünden der Ausstoßladung 30 entstehen Treibgase in der Zündkammer 40, durch die die Tarnkomponente 4 samt der Täuschkomponente 6 aus der Hülse 20 abgeschossen werden. Die verlängerte Hülse 20 wirkt dabei als Führung und dient zugleich der Stabilität der Munition. Beim Abschießen der Tarnkomponente 4 sowie der Täuschkomponente 6 aus der Hülse 20 kommt es nicht zu einer Beschädigung des Zündsystems des Wurfbechers, da einerseits die zwischen dem Wurfbecher und den Komponenten 4, 6 angeordnete Hülse 20 eine Knautschzone bildet und andererseits die große Länge der Hülse 20 eine Verringerung des Rückstoßes bewirkt.
• b) Die beim Zünden der Ausstoßladung 30 freigesetzten Treibgase können sich außerdem von der Zündkammer 40 durch den Kanal 50 in den Entlastungsraum 60 ausbreiten, was zur Folge hat, daß die Täusch-komponente 6 beschleunigt und die Tarnkomponente 4 gleichzeitig verzögert wird, was schließlich zu einer Trennung der beiden Komponenten beim Abschuß führt.
• c) Besagte Treibgase initiieren auch einen nicht gezeigten, mechanischen oder pyrotechnischen Anzünder, um die Trennladung 70 zu zünden. Sobald die Trennladung 70 ihrerseits gezündet wird, steigt der Druck in der Zündkammer 80 so an, daß die Täuschkomponente 6 nochmals relativ zur Tarnkomponente 4 beschleunigt wird.
• d) Ferner zündet die gezündete Ausstoßladung 30 ein nicht gezeigtes, erstes, genau bemessenes Verzögerungsstück an, das zu einer nicht gezeigten, ersten Anzündzerlegerladung in der Tarnkomponente 4 führt.
• e) Schließlich wird durch das Zünden der Ausstoßladung 30 auch ein nicht gezeigtes, zweites, genau bemessenes Verzögerungsstück, das zu einer nicht gezeigten, zweiten Anzündzerlegerladung in der Täuschkomponente 6 führt, gezündet.

Firing the discharge charge 30 triggers five processes:

• a) When the exhaust charge 30 is ignited, propellant gases are generated in the ignition chamber 40, through which the camouflage component 4 together with the deceptive component 6 are fired from the sleeve 20. The elongated sleeve 20 acts as a guide and also serves the stability of the ammunition. When the camouflage component 4 and the deceptive component 6 are fired from the sleeve 20, there is no damage to the ignition system of the throwing cup, since on the one hand the sleeve 20 arranged between the throwing cup and the components 4, 6 forms a crumple zone and on the other hand the great length of the sleeve 20 causes a reduction in recoil.
• b) The propellant gases released when the ejection charge 30 is ignited can also spread from the ignition chamber 40 through the channel 50 into the relief space 60, with the result that the deceptive component 6 is accelerated and the camouflage component 4 is simultaneously decelerated, which ultimately leads to a separation of the two components during launch.
• c) Said propellant gases also initiate a mechanical or pyrotechnic igniter (not shown) in order to ignite the separating charge 70. As soon as the separating charge 70 is ignited, the pressure in the ignition chamber 80 increases so that the deceptive component 6 is accelerated again relative to the camouflage component 4.
• d) Furthermore, the ignited ejection charge 30 ignites a first, precisely dimensioned delay piece, not shown, which leads to a first ignition disassembly charge, not shown, in the camouflage component 4.
• e) Finally, by firing the ejection charge 30, a second, precisely dimensioned deceleration piece, not shown, becomes a second one, not shown Anzezerzer charge leads in the fake component 6, ignited.

The deceptive component 6 thus leaves the sleeve 20 after the ejection charge 30 has been ignited separately from and relatively accelerates towards the camouflage component 4, so that the ballistic trajectory 204 of the camouflage component 4 runs differently from the ballistic trajectory 206 of the deceptive component 6.

The sleeve 20 itself and the contact head 10, on the other hand, do not leave the launch site 200 after the two components 4, 6 have been fired and remain in the throwing cup.

The difference between the two ballistic tracks 204, 206 is dependent on the aerodynamic design of the components 4, 6, the dimensioning and placement of the ignition chamber 40, the channel 50 and the relief chamber 60 and the separating charge 70.
It has proven to be particularly preferred for a 7.6 cm infrared-covering smoke throwing body if the ignition space 40 between the ejection charge 30 and the camouflage component 4 has an axial height of approximately 10 mm, the axially extending channel 50 arranged centrally above the ejection charge 30 has a minimum diameter of 5 mm - 10 mm and the relief space 60 has an axial height of preferably 5 mm.

As soon as the second igniter charge is ignited via the second delay piece, the spontaneous mist 216 arises. With a time delay, the permanent fog 214 occurs after the ignition of the first igniter charge via the first delay piece. The two delay pieces are dimensioned, with knowledge of the ballistic trajectories 204, 206, in such a way that the deceptive component 6 is ignited in front of the camouflage component 4 and the camouflage component 4 comes to rest under the breakdown point of the deceptive component 6 as well as their effect there, in order to provide a longer-lasting fog from the ground by approaching and thus to allow the spontaneous fog 216 of the permanent fog 214 to collapse. When the camouflage component 4 hits the ground, the compacts forming the camouflage charge 4 can be distributed, as a result of which the permanent fog region 214 is enlarged when the latter burns down.

Before reloading the throwing cup, only the secondary throwing cup, which is composed of the contact head 10 and the sleeve 20, has to be removed, which is easily possible and leaves a clean and undamaged throwing cup.

• i) Der Nebelwurfkörper muß nur im Bereich der Mundöffnung des Sekundär-Wurfbechers und im Bereich der Kontaktringe desselben abgedichtet werden.
• ii) Eine Verschmutzung sowie Beschädigung des eigentlichen Wurfbechers wird vermieden, was die Anzahl der Störungen und/oder Unfälle beim Zünden des Nebelwurfkörpers reduziert.
• iii) Die Stabilität der Munition ist durch die Hülse des Sekundär-Wurfbechers gewährleistet, selbst wenn durch neuartige Munition ein Überstand über einen üblichen Wurfbecher entsteht.
• iv) Durch die längere Führung der Hülse sind die Flugbahnen der Komponenten stabiler.
• v) Eine Kollokation von Spontannebel und Dauernebel kann selbst beim Einsatz kleinkalibriger Munition erzielt werden.

The present invention has the following advantages:

• i) The nebulizer must only be sealed in the area of the mouth opening of the secondary throwing cup and in the area of the contact rings.
• ii) Contamination and damage to the actual throwing cup is avoided, which reduces the number of faults and / or accidents when the mist launcher is ignited.
• iii) The stability of the ammunition is ensured by the sleeve of the secondary throwing cup, even if a projection of a conventional throwing cup is created by new ammunition.
• iv) The longer guidance of the sleeve makes the trajectories of the components more stable.
• v) A collocation of spontaneous fog and permanent fog can be achieved even when using small-caliber ammunition will.

The two components or modules of the smoke ejection body according to the invention can each be composed such that, after ignition, they lead to visual or infrared-covering and / or radar-effective fog, any conceivable combination being possible.

Claims (14)

1. A smoke charge comprising a quick-burning decoy component (6) producing spontaneous smoke and a slow-burning camouflage component (4) producing permanent smoke, both adapted to be fired from the smoke charge;

   an ejection charge (30); and

   an ignition system for igniting the ejection charge (30), the camouflage component (4) and the decoy component (6), wherein after the smoke charge has been primed, the decoy component (6) operates in air before the camouflage component (4) and the spontaneous smoke (216) and the permanent smoke (214) are substantially collocated at the target,

   characterised in that

   a relief chamber (60) is disposed between the camouflage component (4) and the decoy component (6) and is connected via a first duct to an ignition chamber (40) adjoining the ejection charge (30), the diameter of this first duct (50) being so adapted to the volume of the ignition chamber (40) and the relief chamber (60) that, when the ejection charge (30) is ignited, the resulting pressure separates the decoy component (6) from the camouflage component (4), and accelerates it relatively to the camouflage component (4), so that the decoy component (6) and the camouflage component (4) move along different ballistic paths (204, 106) with the result that the decoy component (6) and the camouflage component (4) approach one another at the target, and

   the ignition system (10, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90) comprises a first delay means and a first ignition and disintegration charge for igniting the camouflage component (4) and a second delay means and a second ignition and disintegration charge for igniting the decoy component (6), the two delay members being so dimensioned relatively to the ballistic paths (204, 206) that the decoy component (6) is ignited before the camouflage component (4) and the camouflage component (4) comes to rest below the decoy component (6) disintegration point, so that the spontaneous smoke (216) generated by the decoy component and the camouflage smoke (214) generated by the camouflage component (4) are collocated without mechanically connecting the camouflage component (4) and the decoy component (6).
2. A smoke charge according to claim 1, characterised in that a separating charge (70) is provided between the camouflage component (4) and the decoy component (6) and can be so primed via the ignition system (10, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90) that it accelerates the decoy component (6) relatively to the camouflage component (4).
3. A smoke charge according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that the camouflage component (4) and/or the decoy component (6) have an air-resistance coefficient such that the decoy component (6) moves faster than the camouflage component (4) after firing.
4. A smoke charge according to claim 3, characterised in that the camouflage component (4) is equipped with a braking mechanism, such as extending wings or the like.
5. A smoke charge according to any of the preceding claims, characterised by a contact head (10) and an elongated sleeve (20) connected to the contact head (10), the contact head (10) and the sleeve (20) being insertable into a launcher cup and forming a secondary launcher cup from which the decoy component (6) and the camouflage component (4) can be fired after transmission of an ignition pulse to the contact head (10), whereas the contact head (10) and the sleeve (20) remain in the launcher cup.
6. A smoke charge according to claim 5, characterised in that the sleeve (20), at its end remote from the contact head (10), is substantially flush with the decoy component (6), and thus encloses all the necessary components of the smoke charge (2).
7. A smoke charge according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that a second duct (90) is connected to the relief chamber (60) and is at least partly situated in the region of the decoy component (6).
8. A smoke charge according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that the contact head (10) is connected by contact rings or a coil to a first electric igniter, such as a priming capsule or the like, for igniting the ejection charge (30).
9. A smoke charge according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that the ammunition is modular in construction, each module being connected to the ignition system (10, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90) and a first module comprising the camouflage component (4) and a second module comprising the decoy component (6).
10. A smoke charge according to claim 9, characterised in that in each module an interface (50), which is an electric and/or pyrotechnic interface, is fixed relatively to the next module.
11. A smoke charge according to claim 10,
    characterised in that an electric interface leads to at least one second electric igniter such as a priming capsule or the like.
12. A smoke charge according to claim 10 or 11,
    characterised in that a pyrotechnic interface (50) comprises at least one pyroline, such as a fuse or the like.
13. A smoke charge according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that the decoy component (6) is surrounded by a can (100).
14. A smoke charge according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that the camouflage component (4) is in the form of mouldings, which spread when the camouflage component lands on the ground.

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