EP0655032B1 - Anti-copy film or coating for documents - Google Patents
Anti-copy film or coating for documents Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0655032B1 EP0655032B1 EP93915945A EP93915945A EP0655032B1 EP 0655032 B1 EP0655032 B1 EP 0655032B1 EP 93915945 A EP93915945 A EP 93915945A EP 93915945 A EP93915945 A EP 93915945A EP 0655032 B1 EP0655032 B1 EP 0655032B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- film
- layer
- screens
- copy
- coating
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
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- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004922 lacquer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 claims description 2
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Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
- B41M3/00—Printing processes to produce particular kinds of printed work, e.g. patterns
- B41M3/14—Security printing
- B41M3/148—Transitory images, i.e. images only visible from certain viewing angles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
- B42D25/40—Manufacture
- B42D25/45—Associating two or more layers
- B42D25/465—Associating two or more layers using chemicals or adhesives
- B42D25/47—Associating two or more layers using chemicals or adhesives using adhesives
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
- B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
- B42D25/40—Manufacture
- B42D25/405—Marking
- B42D25/415—Marking using chemicals
- B42D25/42—Marking using chemicals by photographic processes
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
- G03C5/00—Photographic processes or agents therefor; Regeneration of such processing agents
- G03C5/08—Photoprinting; Processes and means for preventing photoprinting
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G21/00—Arrangements not provided for by groups G03G13/00 - G03G19/00, e.g. cleaning, elimination of residual charge
- G03G21/04—Preventing copies being made of an original
- G03G21/043—Preventing copies being made of an original by using an original which is not reproducible or only reproducible with a different appearence, e.g. originals with a photochromic layer or a colour background
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
- G09F3/00—Labels, tag tickets, or similar identification or indication means; Seals; Postage or like stamps
- G09F3/02—Forms or constructions
- G09F3/0291—Labels or tickets undergoing a change under particular conditions, e.g. heat, radiation, passage of time
- G09F3/0292—Labels or tickets undergoing a change under particular conditions, e.g. heat, radiation, passage of time tamper indicating labels
-
- B42D2033/04—
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- B42D2033/08—
-
- B42D2033/14—
-
- B42D2035/34—
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
- B42D25/40—Manufacture
- B42D25/45—Associating two or more layers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10S428/913—Material designed to be responsive to temperature, light, moisture
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10S428/914—Transfer or decalcomania
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24802—Discontinuous or differential coating, impregnation or bond [e.g., artwork, printing, retouched photograph, etc.]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24802—Discontinuous or differential coating, impregnation or bond [e.g., artwork, printing, retouched photograph, etc.]
- Y10T428/24826—Spot bonds connect components
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24802—Discontinuous or differential coating, impregnation or bond [e.g., artwork, printing, retouched photograph, etc.]
- Y10T428/24851—Intermediate layer is discontinuous or differential
- Y10T428/24868—Translucent outer layer
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
Definitions
- the invention consists in an anti-copying film or a layer for documents, against copying the same in a copying device, consisting of at least one film or at least one layer of transparent material with a multiplicity of at least partially opaque areas arranged at intervals from one another.
- the planes of which are arranged in approximately the same predetermined position relative to the surfaces of the film or layer, so that the anti-copying film or layer is from an approximately perpendicular viewing angle on the surfaces of the film (s) or layer (s) is substantially opaque and the anti-copy film or layer is substantially transparent from a predetermined viewing angle on the surfaces of the film (s) or layer (s), and that each region is made of at least first opaque covers on one the surfaces of the film (s) or layer (s) and at least second impervious proper covers are formed on at least one of the other of the surfaces of the film (s) or layer (s), and that the at least first and second covers are arranged substantially horizontally.
- such an anti-copying film is a transparent plastic film with an opaque surface or with an indented or sawtooth-shaped surface, in which a first oblique or vertical surface is either black or reflective with respect to a vertical viewing angle, based on the plane of the film or the document, and the other oblique surface is transparent from a different angle, so that the information or characters are legible.
- Such notched or sawtooth-shaped surfaces are very difficult to produce, since the surfaces first have to be embossed or hammered in, and then the inclined surfaces a black or reflective material must be provided, the accuracy of these operations must be so great that the transparent surfaces are not affected, that is also partially provided with black and reflective material. Practical manufacturing designs are not described for the theoretical inclined surface formation within the film.
- An anti-copy medium for writing or printing is known from AU-A-610 614, in which the medium contains a photosensitive color system which, when irradiated in a photocopier, makes the writing illegible or makes the copy clearly distinguishable from the original so that either the original becomes worthless or clearly recognizable as copied.
- Such an anti-copying film is known from NL-A-86 01 250, which consists of at least one layer of a transparent material, on the surfaces of which there are opaque line patterns arranged relative to one another, so that light radiation incident at a certain small angle is not allowed through.
- the line width should correspond approximately to the distance between the lines, so that there is no overlap of the lines on the two opposite surfaces with respect to a radiation incident perpendicularly.
- the distance between the two surfaces bearing the line pattern should be approximately twice the line width.
- an anti-copying film or layer for documents against copying the same in a copying device, consisting of at least one film or at least one layer of transparent material with a multiplicity of at least partially opaque areas arranged at intervals from one another, the planes of which are arranged in approximately the same predetermined position with respect to the surfaces of the film or layer, so that the anti-copying film or layer is from an approximately perpendicular viewing angle on the surfaces of the film (s) or layer (s) is substantially opaque and from a predetermined viewing angle on the surfaces of the film (s) or layer (s) the anti-copy film or the layer is substantially transparent, and that any area of at least first opaque covers on one of the surfaces of the film (s) or layer (s) and at least second opaque covers on at least one of the other surfaces of the film (s Films) or the layer (s) is formed, and that the at least first and second covers are arranged substantially horizontally, solved in that with a total thickness of the film (s) or layer (s) between 5 micro
- a first version of the anti-copying film is given when the first and second covers have approximately the same width on the two surfaces and are arranged with overlaps on a gap of a defined width.
- the defined widths of the gaps between the first and second covers are approximately between 50% and 90% of the widths of the covers.
- first and second covers can have different widths, within the limits specified.
- angle of the connecting straight line between the ends of the width of superimposed first and second covers is in the range from approximately 30 ° to approximately 73 °, in particular approximately 45 ° to approximately 60 °.
- the at least one film or the at least one layer can also be transparently connected to a transparent carrier film.
- the thickness of the carrier film can expediently be at least 70%, in particular 100%, of the thickness of the film (or films) or the layer (s).
- the at least partially opaque covers can have an essentially strip shape and can be arranged approximately parallel and equally spaced from one another.
- a simple and economical method of production is provided by a method for producing an anti-copying film, in which at least one transparent film or at least one transparent layer is produced on at least partially opaque, linear or strip-shaped covers on both sides in a defined manner when the Covers in the defined staggered arrangements on the film in terms of printing technology and / or phototechnology by applying a photosensitive layer on one side of the film, exposing the layer through a mask and then developing and applying a further photosensitive layer on the other side of the film, exposing through a mask and subsequent development are made.
- Developing is understood to mean the development of a photographic emulsion or the hardening of a plastic layer with color components and / or photoinitiators.
- a practical process training is given in that a first photosensitive layer is applied to a transparent film on the one hand, directly exposed and developed and after that a second photosensitive layer is applied to the transparent film on the other hand, indirectly through the first developed photosensitive layer and the film is exposed and developed.
- Another method variant is that a line or stripe structure is applied to a transparent film on the one hand and a photosensitive layer is applied on the other hand, and the photosensitive layer is exposed and developed through the line or stripe structure.
- the exposure can advantageously take place by means of parallel or divergent radiation, so that there is either almost no or a slight overlap of the covers or just a substantial overlap of the covers.
- An advantageous embodiment of the method results if, on the one hand, a negative resist layer is applied to a transparent film and a positive resist layer is applied to the other side and both layers are formed by exposure through a line structure mask from the side of the negative resist layer and washing out of both layers are.
- the photosensitive layer material can expediently be a photographic emulsion or else a plastic layer with photoinitiators and possibly with color components.
- a non-opaque layer material is made opaque before application, in particular by adding colors.
- a non-opaque layer material can be coated with opaque material after application, exposure and development at the raised or recessed areas, e.g. Color.
- the finished layers with the covers can then be sealed against damage using a transparent lacquer coating.
- An anti-copying film which is produced according to the method steps according to the invention, consists practically in that a first photosensitive layer is applied on the one hand to a transparent film, directly exposed and developed, and thus the first covers are produced, and then a second photosensitive layer on the other hand, applied to the transparent film, indirectly exposed and developed through the first developed photosensitive layer and through the film, and thus the second covers are produced.
- an anti-copying film is produced by the process according to the invention if, on the one hand, a line structure is applied as the first cover and on the other hand a photosensitive layer is applied to a transparent film, the photosensitive layer is exposed through the line structure and then developed, and thus the second covers are made.
- an anti-copying film defined above is exposed by means of parallel radiation, so that almost no or at most a slight overlap of the covers is produced, or if the exposure is carried out by means of divergent light radiation, so that a substantial overlap of the covers is generated.
- an anti-copying film is given according to the method according to the invention if it consists of a negative resist layer applied to a transparent film on the one hand and a positive resist layer applied to the other side, both layers by exposure the first and second covers are produced through a line structure mask from the side of the negative resist layer and washing out of both layers.
- these covers are intended to cover optically.
- a very thin opaque and possibly additionally reflective layer is sufficient for this.
- the layer thickness can reach without further film thickness.
- a plurality of light sources e.g. photodiode arrangement [array]
- the plurality of light sources also being able to be generated optically, for example by diffraction gratings.
- Every corpuscular radiation e.g. electron beams.
- the layers should be black or reflective.
- the copy protection film can be attached to the original to be protected using adhesive or other types of adhesive.
- the oblique opaque planes should be approximately 2.5 ⁇ m thick and approximately 25 ⁇ m apart. The implementation of such a theoretical copy protection film is not described.
- FIG. 1b shows a copy protection film 11 described in the same US Pat. No. 3,887,742 with a plastic material Z which has a sawtooth-shaped surface 12 which is likewise made of transparent plastic.
- the oblique tooth flanks V should be black or reflective, while the vertical flanks W are transparent.
- the information on an original is erased or hidden when viewed vertically or copied and the information is made visible when viewed obliquely (angular range ⁇ as stated above).
- FIGS. 2a and 2b Embodiments of the present invention are shown schematically in FIGS. 2a and 2b.
- the present invention takes the following route.
- Anti-copy films or layers here consist of a transparent film or a transparent layer S (hereinafter referred to as film S), which is provided with approximately parallel and strip-shaped covers A, the above (A1) and below (A2) on the film surfaces and with gaps L to each other and serve as optical covers at defined (approx. vertical) viewing angles and at other viewing angles approx. 30-73 °, in particular approx. 45 ° to approx. 60 °, as optical openings should.
- film S transparent film or a transparent layer S
- covers A the above (A1) and below (A2) on the film surfaces and with gaps L to each other and serve as optical covers at defined (approx. vertical) viewing angles and at other viewing angles approx. 30-73 °, in particular approx. 45 ° to approx. 60 °, as optical openings should.
- the covers A1 and A2 are arranged essentially horizontally, which means that, although slight deviations from the horizontal plane are harmless, they are not necessary in the sense of the invention, such as the inclined plane arrangement in FIGS. 1a and 1b.
- the covers A1 and A2 have the same or different dimensions as can be seen from the comparison of FIGS. 2a and 2b.
- Figure 2a essentially the same widths of A1 and A2 are used at the top and bottom, while in Figure 2b, the widths of the covers A2 'are larger than those of the covers A1'.
- the film thickness s is in the large range from approximately 5 ⁇ m to approximately 300 ⁇ m, in particular between approximately 20 ⁇ m and 100 ⁇ m.
- the film thickness s is practically in the range of 5 ⁇ m ⁇ s ⁇ 100 ⁇ m.
- the longer path (h) of the light rays must also take into account the fact that, in addition to the visible area, there is also an invisible area a on document D which is "optically switched off" by covers A1, A2.
- the value has the maximum value for a a ⁇ 0.3 dg.
- the anti-copy films 13 and 14 can be printed using all suitable printing methods with the parallel line structures (covers) A1, L; Manufacture A2, L or A1 ', L' and A2 ', L' simultaneously on one or both sides.
- the exact positioning of the covers A1 and A1 'relative to their counterparts A2 and A2' is assumed and depends on the respectively given viewing angle ⁇ .
- the thickness of the printing layers is of the order of magnitude of less than 1 ⁇ m, so that the above fear of obtaining enlarged invisible regions a becomes irrelevant.
- layer B1 in a suitable technique, e.g. Laminating, spraying, etc., applied, then exposed through a mask M1 and developed in a suitable manner.
- a suitable technique e.g. Laminating, spraying, etc.
- the layer B2 is then applied, exposed through M2 (which corresponds to M1 and can also be M1) and then developed. Exposure of layer B2 can also expediently take place through layer B1 that has already been exposed and developed. This would make the mask M2 obsolete.
- the exposure is carried out with suitable light sources and is symbolized by the arrows b.
- FIG. 4 shows a variant for producing the anti-copying film 15 in FIG. 3 using the anti-copying film 16.
- the line structure LS is applied to one side of the film S in terms of printing technology.
- the photosensitive layer B is then exposed through the print line structure, which thus takes over the mask function.
- exposure is carried out with parallel light radiation (collimated light) or divergent light.
- parallel light the arrangement of the covers A1 and A2 does not overlap on the gap (FIG. 2a) and overlap in the case of divergent light, such as in Figure 2b.
- FIG. 5 shows an anti-copy film 17 with a photosensitive layer BN and FIG. 6 shows an anti-copy film 18 with a photosensitive layer BP.
- BN stands for negative photoresist material and BP for positive resist material.
- Negative-working photoresists are generally based on photopolymerizable mixtures which, in addition to a polymeric binder, contain a photopolymerizable compound with a photoinitiator.
- Such mixtures contain e.g. partially cyclized polyisoprene as a polymerizable compound and a diazide compound as a photosensitive difunctional crosslinker (photoinitiator).
- Partially cyclized polybutadiene is also known as a polymerizable compound and diazides (see above).
- Positive-working photoresists are conventional systems consisting of a photo-insensitive alkali-soluble matrix based on novolaks and a photosensitive component which acts as a solubility inhibitor and is converted into alkali-soluble products by exposure, so that the entire exposed areas become soluble in the alkaline development solvent.
- Resists for the short-wave UV range are also known, for example, polymethyl methacrylate, copolymers of methyl methacrylate and indenone and of methyl methacrylate and 3-oximino-2-butanone as a photoactive component.
- polymethyl methacrylate copolymers of methyl methacrylate and indenone and of methyl methacrylate and 3-oximino-2-butanone as a photoactive component.
- Suitable photoresist materials can optionally be selected for the purpose of the invention using suitable transparent adhesives or adhesives and can be used with advantage.
- the washed-out spaces R1-R3 in Figure 5c and R4-R5 can be filled with opaque material, e.g. Color pigments or the like can be filled out in a suitable manner, so that in this case the covers are realized by the spaces R1-R5. In these cases, however, the resist material must be transparent.
- FIG. 7 A further production method for an anti-copying film 19 is shown in FIG. 7, the upper layer being a negative resist layer BN and the lower one being a positive resist layer BP.
- the layer BN After exposure of the layer BN and development, after which the hardened parts N1 and N2 remain, is again exposed from above (arrows b) through the finished upper layer, which serves as a mask for the lower layer BP in the exposure process, so that after the parts P1-P3 remain standing during development.
- the negative resist material of the layer BN must be opaque or the same by exposure and washing out, or a mask M must be used or the parts N1 and N2 must be colored opaque before the second exposure by one Cover layer AS, as indicated in Fig. 7b.
- either the raised parts N1, N2 and P1-P3 must be colored opaque, or the gaps, as described for FIGS. 5c, 6c, must be made opaque when the parts N1, N2 and P1 -P3 are transparent.
- the photosensitive layers are applied to the film S in a conventional manner. It is e.g. known to apply very thin layers by adsorptive or adhesive techniques. In general, it can be assumed that the photographically or photopolymerically produced layers are in the thickness range from approximately 0.1 ⁇ m to approximately 10 ⁇ m or only slightly above.
- electrostatic or adhesive forces can of course also be used to attach the films.
- FIG. 10 shows a further variant of the anti-copying films according to the invention, which is distinguished by a multilayer arrangement of individual films or layers.
- 3 individual films or layers S1-S3, each of which has covers A on one side only, can be transparently connected to one another.
- 2 individual films or layers S1 and S2 can also be transparently connected to one another and to a carrier film F.
- the films S1 and S2 would be different in that film S1 or S2 should be provided with covers A on both sides and the other film S2 should only be formed with covers A (below) and S1 only with covers A (above). Multi-layer arrangements are also conceivable.
- transparent such as films, layers, adhesive or adhesive layers
- T ph ⁇ 1 the theoretical maximum value of transparency
- O ph of the materials referred to as "opaque” or light "opaque” Covers should be as large as possible.
- a large light scatter or light reflection of the material that is to act as a cover can also be as advantageous in the sense of the present invention as a material with a large opacity if the incident light quantity J o is very much larger than the transmitted light quantity J ( J o >> J).
- an anti-copying film or layer for originals or documents consists of transparent film material with a large number of spaced-apart, at least partially opaque and possibly reflecting areas which act as covers on the film surfaces essentially in horizontal planes, in particular in parallel are offset from one another, are arranged so that information of an underlying original is covered in an approximately vertical viewing direction and the information is visible in the direction of a predetermined viewing angle.
- Appropriate manufacturing methods enable the use of photo techniques.
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Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung besteht in einem Anti-Kopier-Film oder einer -Schicht für Dokumente, gegen Kopieren derselben in einer Kopiereinrichtung, bestehend aus mindestens einem Film oder mindestens einer Schicht aus transparentem Material mit einer Vielzahl von mit Abständen zueinander angeordneten, zumindest teilweise undurchsichtigen Bereichen, deren Ebenen in etwa derselben vorbestimmten Lage gegenüber den Oberflächen des Films oder der Schicht angeordnet sind, so da0 aus einem etwa senkrechten Sichtwinkel auf die Oberflächen des Films (der Filme) oder der Schicht(en) der Anti-Kopier-Film oder die -Schicht im wesentlichen undurchsichtig ist und aus einem vorbestimmten Sichtwinkel auf die Oberflächen des Films (der Filme) oder der Schicht(en) der Anti-Kopier-Film oder die -Schicht im wesentlichen durchsichtig ist, und daß jeder Bereich aus mindestens ersten undurchsichtigen Abdeckungen auf einer der Oberflächen des Films (der Filme) oder der Schicht(en) und mindestens zweiten undurchsichtigen Abdeckungen auf wenigstens einer der anderen der Oberflächen des Films (der Filme) oder der Schicht(en) gebildet ist, und daß die mindestens ersten und zweiten Abdeckungen im wesentlichen horizontal angeordnet sind.The invention consists in an anti-copying film or a layer for documents, against copying the same in a copying device, consisting of at least one film or at least one layer of transparent material with a multiplicity of at least partially opaque areas arranged at intervals from one another. the planes of which are arranged in approximately the same predetermined position relative to the surfaces of the film or layer, so that the anti-copying film or layer is from an approximately perpendicular viewing angle on the surfaces of the film (s) or layer (s) is substantially opaque and the anti-copy film or layer is substantially transparent from a predetermined viewing angle on the surfaces of the film (s) or layer (s), and that each region is made of at least first opaque covers on one the surfaces of the film (s) or layer (s) and at least second impervious proper covers are formed on at least one of the other of the surfaces of the film (s) or layer (s), and that the at least first and second covers are arranged substantially horizontally.
Ein Anti-Kopie-Film der oben bezeichneten Art ist in der US-A 3 887 742 beschrieben. Ein solcher Film, der kopiersichere Dokumente ermöglichen soll, ist wirksam, graphische Informationen und/oder Zeichen eines Dokumentes oder allgemein eines Schriftstücks zu verdecken in senkrechter Blickrichtung, wie sie in einem Kopiergerät vorliegt, und die graphischen Informationen und/oder Zeichen unter einem vorbestimmten anderen Blickwinkel, bezogen auf die Ebene des Dokumentes, sichtbar zu machen.An anti-copy film of the type identified above is described in US-A-3,887,742. Such a film, which is intended to enable copy-proof documents, is effective to cover up graphic information and / or characters of a document or generally of a document in the vertical direction of view, as is present in a copying machine, and the graphic information and / or characters under a predetermined other To make the point of view visible in relation to the level of the document.
Praktisch ist ein solcher Anti-Kopier-Film eine transparente Kunststoff-Folie mit darin befindlichen undurchsichtigen oder mit einer beliebig eingekerbten oder im Querschnitt sägezahnförmigen Oberfläche, worin eine erste schräge oder senkrechte Fläche entweder schwarz oder reflektiv ist in bezug auf einen senkrechten Blickwinkel, bezogen auf die Ebene der Folie oder des Dokumentes, und die andere schräge Fläche durchsichtig ist unter einem anderen Blickwinkel, so daß die Informationen bzw. Zeichen lesbar sind. Solche eingekerbten oder sägezahnförmigen Oberflächen sind sehr schwierig herstellbar, da zuerst die Oberflächen geprägt oder eingeschlagen werden müssen, und dann die Schrägflächen mit einem schwarzen oder reflektierenden Material versehen werden müssen, wobei die Genauigkeit dieser Arbeitsgänge so groß sein muß, daß die Transparentflächen nicht in Mitleidenschaft gezogen, d.h. ebenfalls teilweise mit schwarzem und reflektierendem Material versehen werden. Für die theoretische Schrägflächenausbildung innerhalb der Folie sind praktische Herstellausführungen nicht beschrieben.In practice, such an anti-copying film is a transparent plastic film with an opaque surface or with an indented or sawtooth-shaped surface, in which a first oblique or vertical surface is either black or reflective with respect to a vertical viewing angle, based on the plane of the film or the document, and the other oblique surface is transparent from a different angle, so that the information or characters are legible. Such notched or sawtooth-shaped surfaces are very difficult to produce, since the surfaces first have to be embossed or hammered in, and then the inclined surfaces a black or reflective material must be provided, the accuracy of these operations must be so great that the transparent surfaces are not affected, that is also partially provided with black and reflective material. Practical manufacturing designs are not described for the theoretical inclined surface formation within the film.
Ein Anti-Kopier-Medium für Geschriebenes oder Gedrucktes ist aus der AU-A-610 614 bekannt, worin das Medium ein photoempfindliches Farbsystem enthält, das bei Bestrahlung in einem Photokopierer die Schrift unlesbar macht oder die Kopie vom Original deutlich unterscheidbar macht, so daß entweder das Original wertlos wird oder klar als kopiert erkennbar wird.An anti-copy medium for writing or printing is known from AU-A-610 614, in which the medium contains a photosensitive color system which, when irradiated in a photocopier, makes the writing illegible or makes the copy clearly distinguishable from the original so that either the original becomes worthless or clearly recognizable as copied.
Aus der NL-A-86 01 250 ist eine derartige Anti-Kopier-Folie bekannt, die aus zumindest einer Lage eines durchsichtigen Materials besteht, auf dessen Oberflächen relativ zueinander angeordnete undurchsichtige Linienmuster vorhanden sind, so daß eine unter einem bestimmten kleinen Winkel auftreffende Lichtstrahlung nicht durchgelassen wird. Dabei soll die Linienbreite ungefähr dem Abstand zwischen den Linien entsprechen, so daß eine Überlappung der Linien auf den zwei gegenüberliegenden Oberflächen in Bezug auf eine senkrecht auftreffende Strahlung nicht erfolgt. Der Abstand zwischen den die Linienmuster tragenden zwei Oberflächen soll etwa das Doppelte der Linienbreite betragen. Diese bekannte Anti-Kopier-Folie soll durch graphische oder fotographische Aufbringung der Linien auf transparentes Material herstellbar sein.Such an anti-copying film is known from NL-A-86 01 250, which consists of at least one layer of a transparent material, on the surfaces of which there are opaque line patterns arranged relative to one another, so that light radiation incident at a certain small angle is not allowed through. The line width should correspond approximately to the distance between the lines, so that there is no overlap of the lines on the two opposite surfaces with respect to a radiation incident perpendicularly. The distance between the two surfaces bearing the line pattern should be approximately twice the line width. This known anti-copy film is said to be able to be produced by graphic or photographic application of the lines to transparent material.
Es ist Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, einen Anti-Kopier-Film oder eine -Schicht bereitzustellen, der bzw. die eine optimale Charakteristik aufweist und einfacher herstellbar und wirtschaftlicher ist.It is an object of the present invention to provide an anti-copying film or layer which has an optimal characteristic and is easier to produce and more economical.
Die Aufgabe wird mit einem Anti-Kopier-Film oder einer -Schicht für Dokumente, gegen Kopieren derselben in einer Kopiereinrichtung, bestehend aus mindestens einem Film oder mindestens einer Schicht aus transparentem Material mit einer Vielzahl von mit Abständen zueinander angeordneten, zumindest teilweise undurchsichtigen Bereichen, deren Ebenen in etwa derselben vorbestimmten Lage gegenüber den Oberflächen des Films oder der Schicht angeordnet sind, so daß aus einem etwa senkrechten Sichtwinkel auf die Oberflächen des Films (der Filme) oder der Schicht(en) der Anti-Kopier-Film oder die -Schicht im wesentlichen undurchsichtig ist und aus einem vorbestimmten Sichtwinkel auf die Oberflächen des Films (der Filme) oder der Schicht(en) der Anti-Kopier-Film oder die -Schicht im wesentlichen durchsichtig ist, und daß jeder Bereich aus mindestens ersten undurchsichtigen Abdeckungen auf einer der Oberflächen des Films (der Filme) oder der Schicht(en) und mindestens zweiten undurchsichtigen Abdeckungen auf wenigstens einer der anderen der Oberflächen des Films (der Filme) oder der Schicht(en) gebildet ist, und daß die mindestens ersten und zweiten Abdeckungen im wesentlichen horizontal angeordnet sind, dadurch gelöst, daß bei einer Gesamtdicke des Films (der Filme) oder der Schicht(en) zwischen 5 µm und 100 µm und einem effektiven optischen Öffnungswinkel einer Kopiereinrichtung zwischen 12° und 108° die Breiten der Abdeckungen im Bereich von 1,75 µm bis 180 µm, insbesondere zwischen 8,75 µm bis 90 µm und die Breiten der Lücken zwischen den Abdeckungen im Bereich von 1,0 µm und 82,5 µm liegen.The object is achieved with an anti-copying film or layer for documents, against copying the same in a copying device, consisting of at least one film or at least one layer of transparent material with a multiplicity of at least partially opaque areas arranged at intervals from one another, the planes of which are arranged in approximately the same predetermined position with respect to the surfaces of the film or layer, so that the anti-copying film or layer is from an approximately perpendicular viewing angle on the surfaces of the film (s) or layer (s) is substantially opaque and from a predetermined viewing angle on the surfaces of the film (s) or layer (s) the anti-copy film or the layer is substantially transparent, and that any area of at least first opaque covers on one of the surfaces of the film (s) or layer (s) and at least second opaque covers on at least one of the other surfaces of the film (s Films) or the layer (s) is formed, and that the at least first and second covers are arranged substantially horizontally, solved in that with a total thickness of the film (s) or layer (s) between 5 microns and 100 microns and an effective optical opening angle of a copying device between 12 ° and 108 °, the widths of the covers in the range from 1.75 μm to 180 μm, in particular between 8.75 μm to 90 μm and the widths of the gaps between the covers in the range from 1, 0 µm and 82.5 µm.
Damit ergibt sich ein optimaler Schutz der Dokumente durch einen Anti-Kopier-Film oder eine Anti-Kopier-Schicht, in der die Charakteristiken der Kopiereinrichtung mit der Ausbildung und Anordnung der Abdeckungen und Lücken dazwischen des Anti-Kopier-Films optimiert wurden, unter der Zielrichtung einer wirtschaftlichen Herstellbarkeit.This results in an optimal protection of the documents by an anti-copying film or an anti-copying layer, in which the characteristics of the copying device were optimized with the formation and arrangement of the covers and gaps between the anti-copying film, under which Goal of an economic producibility.
Eine erste Version des Anti-Kopier-Films ist gegeben, wenn auf den zwei Oberflächen die ersten und zweiten Abdeckungen etwa dieselbe Breite aufweisen und auf Lücke mit einer definierten Breite mit Überlappungen angeordnet sind.A first version of the anti-copying film is given when the first and second covers have approximately the same width on the two surfaces and are arranged with overlaps on a gap of a defined width.
Es ist zweckmäßig, wenn die definierten Breiten der Lücken zwischen den ersten und zweiten Abdeckungen etwa zwischen 50 % und 90 % der Breiten der Abdeckungen betragen.It is expedient if the defined widths of the gaps between the first and second covers are approximately between 50% and 90% of the widths of the covers.
Überraschend ist es auch, daß die ersten und zweiten Abdeckungen unterschiedliche Breiten aufweisen können, im Rahmen der angegebenen Grenzen.It is also surprising that the first and second covers can have different widths, within the limits specified.
Es ist auch vorteilhaft, wenn der Winkel der Verbindungsgeraden zwischen den Enden der Breite übereinanderliegender erster und zweiter Abdeckungen im Bereich von etwa 30° bis etwa 73°, insbesondere bei etwa 45° bis etwa 60° liegt.It is also advantageous if the angle of the connecting straight line between the ends of the width of superimposed first and second covers is in the range from approximately 30 ° to approximately 73 °, in particular approximately 45 ° to approximately 60 °.
Es kann auch zweckmäßig sein, wenn wenigstens zwei, insbesondere drei Einzelfilme oder -schichten transparent miteinander verbunden sind und den Anti-Kopier-Film bzw. die Anti-Kopier-Schicht bilden.It can also be expedient if at least two, in particular three, individual films or layers are transparently connected to one another and form the anti-copying film or the anti-copying layer.
Es kann der zumindest eine Film oder die zumindest eine Schicht auch mit einer transparenten Trägerfolie transparent verbunden sein.The at least one film or the at least one layer can also be transparently connected to a transparent carrier film.
Es wurde gefunden, daß dabei zweckmäßig die Dicke der Trägerfolie mindestens 70 %, insbesondere 100 %, der Dicke des Films (bzw. der Filme) oder der Schicht(en) betragen kann.It has been found that the thickness of the carrier film can expediently be at least 70%, in particular 100%, of the thickness of the film (or films) or the layer (s).
In praktischer Ausführung können die zumindest teilweise undurchsichtigen Abdeckungen im wesentlichen Streifenform aufweisen und etwa parallel und gleich abständig voneinander angeordnet sein.In a practical embodiment, the at least partially opaque covers can have an essentially strip shape and can be arranged approximately parallel and equally spaced from one another.
Eine einfache und wirtschaftliche Herstellweise wird durch ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Anti-Kopier-Films, bei dem auf wenigstens einen transparenten Film oder wenigstens eine transparente Schicht beidseitig zumindest teilweise undurchsichtige, linien- oder streifenförmige Abdeckungen definiert zueinander versetzt hergestellt werden, bereitgestellt, wenn die Abdeckungen in den definiert versetzten Anordnungen auf den Film drucktechnisch und/oder phototechnisch durch Auftragen einer photosensitiven Schicht auf der einen Seite des Films, Belichten der Schicht durch eine Maske und anschließendes Entwickeln und Auftragen einer weiteren photosensitiven Schicht auf der anderen Seite des Films, Belichten durch eine Maske und anschließendes Entwickeln hergestellt werden.A simple and economical method of production is provided by a method for producing an anti-copying film, in which at least one transparent film or at least one transparent layer is produced on at least partially opaque, linear or strip-shaped covers on both sides in a defined manner when the Covers in the defined staggered arrangements on the film in terms of printing technology and / or phototechnology by applying a photosensitive layer on one side of the film, exposing the layer through a mask and then developing and applying a further photosensitive layer on the other side of the film, exposing through a mask and subsequent development are made.
Unter "Entwickeln" wird dabei das Entwickeln einer photographischen Emulsion oder das Härten einer Kunststoffschicht mit Farbanteilen und/oder Photoinitiatoren verstanden."Developing" is understood to mean the development of a photographic emulsion or the hardening of a plastic layer with color components and / or photoinitiators.
Dadurch vereinfacht sich die Herstellung eines solchen, ansonsten mechanisch und/oder chemisch herzustellenden Films beträchtlich, und es ergeben sich beträchtliche Variationsmöglichkeiten je nach der gerade angestrebten Anwendung.This considerably simplifies the production of such a film, which is otherwise to be produced mechanically and / or chemically, and there are considerable possibilities of variation depending on the intended application.
Eine praktische Verfahrensausbildung ist dadurch gegeben, daß eine erste photosensitive Schicht einerseits auf einen transparenten Film aufgebracht, direkt belichtet und entwickelt wird und daß danach eine zweite photosensitive Schicht andererseits auf den transparenten Film aufgebracht, indirekt durch die erste entwickelte, photosensitive Schicht und den Film hindurch belichtet und entwickelt wird.A practical process training is given in that a first photosensitive layer is applied to a transparent film on the one hand, directly exposed and developed and after that a second photosensitive layer is applied to the transparent film on the other hand, indirectly through the first developed photosensitive layer and the film is exposed and developed.
Das ist für die Massenherstellung solcher Filme und Schichten eine sehr günstige Herstellbarkeit.This is a very cheap producibility for the mass production of such films and layers.
Eine weitere Verfahrensvariante besteht darin, daß auf einen transparenten Film einerseits eine Linien- oder Streifenstruktur und andererseits eine photosensitive Schicht aufgebracht wird, und die photosensitive Schicht durch die Linien- oder Streifenstruktur hindurch belichtet und entwickelt wird.Another method variant is that a line or stripe structure is applied to a transparent film on the one hand and a photosensitive layer is applied on the other hand, and the photosensitive layer is exposed and developed through the line or stripe structure.
Dabei kann die Belichtung vorteilhaft mittels paralleler oder divergenter Strahlung erfolgen, so daß entweder annähernd keine oder eine geringe Überlappung der Abdeckungen oder gerade eine wesentliche Überlappung der Abdeckungen erfolgt.The exposure can advantageously take place by means of parallel or divergent radiation, so that there is either almost no or a slight overlap of the covers or just a substantial overlap of the covers.
Eine vorteilhafte Verfahrensausführung ergibt sich, wenn auf einen transparenten Film einerseits eine Negativ-Resistschicht und auf die andere Seite eine Positiv-Resistschicht aufgebracht ist und beide Schichten durch Belichten durch eine Linienstruktur-Maske von der Seite der Negativ-Resistschicht hindurch und Auswaschen beider Schichten gebildet sind.An advantageous embodiment of the method results if, on the one hand, a negative resist layer is applied to a transparent film and a positive resist layer is applied to the other side and both layers are formed by exposure through a line structure mask from the side of the negative resist layer and washing out of both layers are.
Das photosensitive Schichtmaterial kann zweckmäßig eine photographische Emulsion oder auch eine Kunststoffschicht mit Photoinitiatoren und ggfs. mit Farbanteilen sein.The photosensitive layer material can expediently be a photographic emulsion or else a plastic layer with photoinitiators and possibly with color components.
Es ist auch vorteilhaft, wenn ein nicht undurchsichtiges Schichtmaterial, vor dem Auftrag undurchsichtig gemacht wird, insbesondere durch Farbzumischung.It is also advantageous if a non-opaque layer material is made opaque before application, in particular by adding colors.
Dabei kann ein nicht undurchsichtiges Schichtmaterial nach dem Auftragen, Belichten und Entwickeln an den erhabenen oder vertieften Stellen mit undurchsichtigen Material, z.B. Farbe, versehen werden.A non-opaque layer material can be coated with opaque material after application, exposure and development at the raised or recessed areas, e.g. Color.
Die fertigen Schichten mit den Abdeckungen können anschließend noch mittels eines transparenten Lacküberzugs gegen Beschädigung versiegelt werden.The finished layers with the covers can then be sealed against damage using a transparent lacquer coating.
Ein Anti-Kopier-Film, der nach erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrensschritten hergestellt ist, besteht praktisch darin, daß eine erste photosensitive Schicht einerseits auf einen transparenten Film aufgebracht, direkt belichtet und entwickelt ist und damit die ersten Abdeckungen hergestellt sind und bei dem danach eine zweite photosensitive Schicht andererseits auf den transparenten Film aufgebracht, indirekt durch die erste entwickelte photosensitive Schicht und den Film hindurch belichtet und entwickelt ist und damit die zweiten Abdeckungen hergestellt sind.An anti-copying film, which is produced according to the method steps according to the invention, consists practically in that a first photosensitive layer is applied on the one hand to a transparent film, directly exposed and developed, and thus the first covers are produced, and then a second photosensitive layer on the other hand, applied to the transparent film, indirectly exposed and developed through the first developed photosensitive layer and through the film, and thus the second covers are produced.
In weiterer Ausbildung ist ein Anti-Kopier-Film nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren hergestellt, wenn auf einen transparenten Film einerseits eine Linienstruktur als erste Abdeckungen und andererseits eine photosensitive Schicht aufgebracht ist, die photosensitive Schicht durch die Linienstruktur hindurch belichtet und danach entwickelt ist und damit die zweiten Abdeckungen herstellt sind.In a further embodiment, an anti-copying film is produced by the process according to the invention if, on the one hand, a line structure is applied as the first cover and on the other hand a photosensitive layer is applied to a transparent film, the photosensitive layer is exposed through the line structure and then developed, and thus the second covers are made.
Vorteilhafte Ausführungen sind praktisch auch gegeben, wenn ein vorstehend definierter Anti-Kopier-Film mittels paralleler Strahlung belichtet ist, so daß annähernd keine oder höchstens eine geringe Überlappung der Abdeckungen erzeugt ist, oder, wenn die Belichtung mittels divergenter Lichtstrahlung erfolgt ist, so daß eine wesentliche Überlappung der Abdeckungen erzeugt ist.Advantageous embodiments are also practically given if an anti-copying film defined above is exposed by means of parallel radiation, so that almost no or at most a slight overlap of the covers is produced, or if the exposure is carried out by means of divergent light radiation, so that a substantial overlap of the covers is generated.
Eine weitere, sehr vorteilhafte Ausbildung eines Anti-Kopier-Films ist gemäß Verfahren nach der Erfindung gegeben, wenn derselbe aus einer auf einen transparenten Film einerseits aufgebrachten Negativ-Resistschicht und einer auf die andere Seite aufgebrachten Positiv-Resistschicht besteht, wobei beide Schichten durch Belichten durch eine Linienstruktur-Maske von der Seite der Negativ-Resistschicht hindurch und Auswaschen beider Schichten die ersten und zweiten Abdeckungen erzeugt sind.A further, very advantageous embodiment of an anti-copying film is given according to the method according to the invention if it consists of a negative resist layer applied to a transparent film on the one hand and a positive resist layer applied to the other side, both layers by exposure the first and second covers are produced through a line structure mask from the side of the negative resist layer and washing out of both layers.
Die Erfindung ist anhand von Zeichnungen in einzelnen Ausführungsformen nachfolgend beschrieben.The invention is described below with reference to drawings in individual embodiments.
Es zeigen
- Fig. 1, a und b
Ausführungen von Kopier-Sicherungsfolien nach dem Stand der Technik mit Schrägflächen - Fig. 2, a und b
erfindungsgemäße Anti-Kopier-Filme mit Abdeckungen - Fig. 3
erfindungsgemäße Abdeckungen, durch beidseitige photosensitive Schichten erzeugt - Fig. 4
erfindungsgemäße Abdeckungen gebildet durch Belichtung einer photosensitiven Schicht durch eine Druck-Maske hindurch - Fig. 5, a-c
schematische Herstellung von erfindungsgemäßen Abdeckungen mittels Negativ-Resist-Materials - Fig. 6, a-c
schematische Herstellung wie nach Fig. 5, a-c jedoch mittels Positiv-Resist-Materials - Fig. 7, a und b
schematische Herstellung von beidseitigen erfindungsgemäßen Abdeckungen durch gleichzeitige Verwendung von Negativ- und Positiv-Resist-Material - Fig. 8 und 9
schematische geometrische Darstellungen eines erfindungsgemäßen Anti-Kopier-Films - Fig. 10
eine Mehrfach-Film-Ausführung des erfindungsgemäßen Anti-Kopier-Films
- Fig. 1, a and b
Versions of copy security films according to the state of the art with inclined surfaces - Fig. 2, a and b
Anti-copy films according to the invention with covers - Fig. 3
covers according to the invention, produced by double-sided photosensitive layers - Fig. 4
Covers according to the invention formed by exposure of a photosensitive layer through a print mask - Fig. 5, ac
schematic production of covers according to the invention by means of negative resist material - Fig. 6, ac
schematic production as in FIG. 5, ac, however, by means of positive resist material - Fig. 7, a and b
schematic production of double-sided covers according to the invention by simultaneous use of negative and positive resist material - 8 and 9
schematic geometric representations of an anti-copy film according to the invention - Fig. 10
a multiple film version of the anti-copy film according to the invention
Im Sinne der Erfindung sollen diese Abdeckungen optisch abdecken. Dafür ist im Extremfall eine sehr dünne lichtundurchlässige und ggf. zusätzlich reflektierende Schicht ausreichend. Die Schichtdicke kann dabei ohne weiteres Foliendicke erreichen.For the purposes of the invention, these covers are intended to cover optically. In extreme cases, a very thin opaque and possibly additionally reflective layer is sufficient for this. The layer thickness can reach without further film thickness.
Kann durch optische Masken hindurch erfolgen, wobei diese auf die zu belichtende Schicht aufgelegt wird (im Kontakt).Can be done through optical masks, which are placed on the layer to be exposed (in contact).
Kann auch kontaktlos erfolgen mittels Abtasters (Scanners), mehrerer Lichtquellen (z.B. Photodioden-Anordnung [Array], wobei die mehreren Lichtquellen auch optisch, z.B. durch Beugungsgitter, erzeugbar sind.Can also be done contactlessly by means of scanners, a plurality of light sources (e.g. photodiode arrangement [array]), the plurality of light sources also being able to be generated optically, for example by diffraction gratings.
ist jede Strahlung emittierende Vorrichtung.is any radiation emitting device.
wird erzeugt durch alle elektromagnetischen Quellen, schließt auch jede Korpuskular-Strahlung (z.B. Elektronenstrahlen) ein.is generated by all electromagnetic sources, including every corpuscular radiation (e.g. electron beams).
Chemische Entwicklung bei photographischen Schichten und Auswaschen mittels geeignetem Lösungsmittel oder Wasser bei photosensitiven Kunststoffen.Chemical development in photographic layers and washing out with a suitable solvent or water in photosensitive plastics.
Figur 1a zeigt eine bekannte theoretische Kopierschutzfolie, bestehend aus einem dünnen durchsichtigen Kunststoff-Material Q auf einem transparenten Trägermaterial G, wobei im Material Q eine Reihe von parallelen und gleichabständigen, undurchsichtigen, schrägen Ebenen im Winkelbereich von γ = 50 bis 70°, vorzugsweise von 60° zur Oberfläche des Materials Q vorgesehen sind. Die Ebenen sollen schwarz oder reflektierend sein. Die Kopierschutzfolie kann über Kleben oder andere Haftarten auf dem zu schützenden Original angebracht werden. Die schrägen opaken Ebenen sollen etwa 2,5 µm dick sein und etwa im Abstand von 25 µm angeordnet sein. Die Realisation einer derartigen theoretischen Kopierschutzfolie ist nicht beschrieben.Figure 1a shows a known theoretical copy protection film, consisting of a thin transparent plastic material Q on a transparent carrier material G, wherein in the material Q a number of parallel and equally spaced, opaque, oblique planes in the angular range of γ = 50 to 70 °, preferably of 60 ° to the surface of the material Q are provided. The layers should be black or reflective. The copy protection film can be attached to the original to be protected using adhesive or other types of adhesive. The oblique opaque planes should be approximately 2.5 µm thick and approximately 25 µm apart. The implementation of such a theoretical copy protection film is not described.
Figur 1b zeigt eine in derselben US-A-3 887 742 beschriebene Kopierschutzfolie 11 mit einem Kunststoffmaterial Z, das eine Sägezahnform-Oberfläche 12 aufweist, die ebenfalls aus transparentem Kunststoff besteht. Dabei sollen die schrägen Zahnflanken V (s. dickere Strichstärke) schwarz oder reflektierend sein, während die senkrechten Flanken W transparent sind.FIG. 1b shows a
Es ergibt sich wie im obigen Beispiel ein Auslöschen oder Verdecken der Informationen auf einem Original bei senkrechter Blick- oder Kopierrichtung und ein Sichtbarmachen der Informationen bei schräger Blickrichtung (Winkelbereich γ wie oben angegeben).As in the example above, the information on an original is erased or hidden when viewed vertically or copied and the information is made visible when viewed obliquely (angular range γ as stated above).
Ausführungen der vorliegenden Erfindung sind in Figuren 2a und 2b schematisch dargestellt.Embodiments of the present invention are shown schematically in FIGS. 2a and 2b.
Im Unterschied zu den bekannten Kopierschutzfolien in Figuren 1a und 1b, in denen ausnahmslos schräge Ebenen oder Flächen als optische Verdeckungsmittel ausgenutzt werden, geht die vorliegende Erfindung den folgenden Weg.In contrast to the known copy protection films in FIGS. 1a and 1b, in which, without exception, inclined planes or surfaces are used as optical concealment means, the present invention takes the following route.
Anti-Kopier-Filme oder -Schichten bestehen hierbei aus einem transparenten Film oder einer transparenten Schicht S (im folgenden wird nur vom Film S gesprochen), der bzw. die mit etwa parallelen und streifenförmigen Abdeckungen A versehen ist, die oben (A1) und unten (A2) auf den Filmoberflächen und mit Lücken L zueinander angebracht sind und unter definierten (ca. senkrechten) Blickwinkeln als optische Abdeckungen und unter anderen Blickwinkeln ca. 30-73°, insbesondere etwa 45° bis etwa 60°, als optische Öffnungen dienen sollen.Anti-copy films or layers here consist of a transparent film or a transparent layer S (hereinafter referred to as film S), which is provided with approximately parallel and strip-shaped covers A, the above (A1) and below (A2) on the film surfaces and with gaps L to each other and serve as optical covers at defined (approx. vertical) viewing angles and at other viewing angles approx. 30-73 °, in particular approx. 45 ° to approx. 60 °, as optical openings should.
Die Abdeckungen A1 und A2 sind im wesentlichen horizontal angeordnet, was bedeutet, daß zwar geringe Abweichungen aus der Horizontalebene unschädlich sind, aber im Sinne der Erfindung nicht notwendig sind, wie etwa die schräge Ebenenanordnung in Figur 1a und 1b.The covers A1 and A2 are arranged essentially horizontally, which means that, although slight deviations from the horizontal plane are harmless, they are not necessary in the sense of the invention, such as the inclined plane arrangement in FIGS. 1a and 1b.
Die Abdeckungen A1 und A2 haben gleiche oder unterschiedliche Abmessungen wie aus dem Vergleich von Figuren 2a und 2b hervorgeht. In Figur 2a sind oben und unten im wesentlichen gleiche Breiten von A1 und A2 benutzt, während in Figur 2b, die Breiten der Abdeckungen A2' größer als die der Abdeckungen A1' sind.The covers A1 and A2 have the same or different dimensions as can be seen from the comparison of FIGS. 2a and 2b. In Figure 2a, essentially the same widths of A1 and A2 are used at the top and bottom, while in Figure 2b, the widths of the covers A2 'are larger than those of the covers A1'.
Die für eine praktische Anwendung solcher Filme mit Abdeckungen notwendigen geometrischen Betrachtungen werden im folgenden anhand der Schemaskizzen der Figuren 8 und 9 erläutert.
- φ:
- Effektiver Öffnungswinkel der marktüblichen Kopiergeräte 6°≦ φ/2 ≦ 54°
- dg:
- Breite der Abdeckungen A1, A2
- do:
- Breite der Lücke L zwischen den Abdeckungen
- s:
- Dicke des Films S
- h:
- Dicke einer eventuellen Trägerfolie F
- x:
- Überlappungsbreite der Abdeckungen A1 und A2
- p:
- Summe der Breiten dg und do
- α:
- Mittlerer Betrachtungswinkel zum Lesen
- T:
- Transmission der Anordnung
- φ:
- Effective opening angle of standard copiers 6 ° ≦ φ / 2 ≦ 54 °
- dg:
- Width of covers A1, A2
- do:
- Width of the gap L between the covers
- s:
- Thickness of film S
- H:
- Thickness of a possible carrier film F
- x:
- Overlap width of covers A1 and A2
- p:
- Sum of the widths dg and do
- α:
- Medium viewing angle for reading
- T:
- Transmission of the arrangement
Es ergibt sich aus der Geometrie der Skizze (Fig. 8):
Mit
ergibt sich
surrendered
Mit dem Winkelbereich 6° ≦ φ/2 ≦ 54° wird die Systemparamter-Ungleichung
Wird der Winkelbereich auf 6° ≦ φ/2 ≦ 12° begrenzt, ergibt sich
Für den Betrachtungswinkelbereich wird angenommen
Die Filmdicke s liegt im großen Bereich von ca. 5 µm bis ca. 300 µm, insbesondere zwischen etwa 20 µm und 100 µm.The film thickness s is in the large range from approximately 5 μm to approximately 300 μm, in particular between approximately 20 μm and 100 μm.
Die Filmdicke s liegt für dieses Rechenbeispiel praktisch im Bereich von
Daraus folgen für do und dg die Bereiche:
Die Werte von do und dg zeigen, welch großen Einfluß der Betrachtungswinkel α für die Dimensionierung besitzt.The values of do and dg show the great influence that the viewing angle α has for the dimensioning.
Wird eine Trägerfolie F benutzt, so muß durch den längeren Weg (h) der Lichtstrahlen noch berücksichtigt werden, daß es außer dem sichtbaren Bereich auch einen durch die Abdeckungen A1, A2 selbst "optisch abgeschalteten" unsichtbaren Bereich a auf dem Dokument D gibt.If a carrier film F is used, the longer path (h) of the light rays must also take into account the fact that, in addition to the visible area, there is also an invisible area a on document D which is "optically switched off" by covers A1, A2.
Es ergibt sich die Beziehung:
Bei Vergrößerung von h strebt a gegen Null, was anzustreben ist.When h is increased, a tends towards zero, which is desirable.
Als Höchstwert für a hat sich der Wert
Damit wird ein sehr kleiner unsichtbarer Bereich a erhalten. Zur Verdeutlichung wurden die Werte von h min in obige Tabelle aufgenommen, wobei sich an den unterschiedlichen Werten auch der beträchtliche Einfluß von A bzw. α auf h min zeigt.A very small invisible area a is thus obtained. For clarification, the values of h min were included in the table above, the different values also showing the considerable influence of A and α on h min.
Bei obiger Betrachtung wurde die Dicke der Abdeckungen, die den Wert a noch vergrößern könnten, vernachlässigt.In the above consideration, the thickness of the covers, which could increase the value a, was neglected.
Zur Herstellung der erfindungsgemäßen Anti-Kopier-Filme oder -Folien wird beispielhaft folgendes beschrieben.For the production of the anti-copying films or foils according to the invention, the following is described by way of example.
Die Anti-Kopier-Filme 13 und 14 lassen sich einmal drucktechnisch mittels aller geeigneter Druckverfahren mit den Parallel-Linienstrukturen (Abdeckungen) A1, L; A2, L bzw. A1', L' sowie A2', L' einseitig oder beidseitig gleichzeitig herstellen. Das genaue Positionieren der Abdeckungen A1 bzw. A1' zu ihren Pendants A2 bzw. A2' wird dabei vorausgesetzt und hängt vom jeweilig vorgegebenen Sichtwinkel α ab.The
Die Dicke der Druckschichten liegt dabei in der Größenordnung von unter 1 µm, so daß obige Befürchtung, dadurch vergrößerte unsichtbare Bereiche a zu erhalten, gegenstandslos wird.The thickness of the printing layers is of the order of magnitude of less than 1 μm, so that the above fear of obtaining enlarged invisible regions a becomes irrelevant.
In Figur 3 werden die Parallel-Linienstrukturen A1, L; A2, L bzw. A1', L' und A2', L' photographisch hergestellt durch Auftragen bzw. Beschichten von photosensitiven Schichten B1 bzw. B2 nacheinander auf beide Seiten des Films S.In Figure 3, the parallel line structures A1, L; A2, L or A1 ', L' and A2 ', L' produced photographically by applying or coating photosensitive layers B1 or B2 in succession on both sides of the film S.
Zunächst wird z.B. die Schicht B1 in geeigneter Technik, z.B. Aufkaschieren, Aufspritzen usw., aufgebracht, dann durch eine Maske M1 hindurch belichtet und in geeigneter Weise entwickelt.First, e.g. layer B1 in a suitable technique, e.g. Laminating, spraying, etc., applied, then exposed through a mask M1 and developed in a suitable manner.
Anschließend wird die Schicht B2 aufgebracht, durch M2 (die M1 entspricht und auch M1 sein kann) hindurch belichtet und dann entwickelt. Zweckmäßig kann die Belichtung der Schicht B2 auch durch die bereits belichtete und entwickelte Schicht B1 hindurch erfolgen. Die Maske M2 wäre dadurch hinfällig.The layer B2 is then applied, exposed through M2 (which corresponds to M1 and can also be M1) and then developed. Exposure of layer B2 can also expediently take place through layer B1 that has already been exposed and developed. This would make the mask M2 obsolete.
Die Belichtung wird mit geeigneten Lichtquellen vorgenommen und ist durch die Pfeile b symbolisiert.The exposure is carried out with suitable light sources and is symbolized by the arrows b.
In Figur 4 wird eine Variante zur Herstellung des Anti-Kopier-Films 15 in Figur 3 anhand des Anti-Kopier-Films 16 dargestellt. Zuerst wird drucktechnisch die Linienstruktur LS auf eine Seite des Films S aufgebracht. Danach wird die photosensitive Schicht B durch die Druck-Linienstruktur hindurch belichtet, die damit die Maskenfunktion übernimmt. Je nach gewünschtem Überlappungsbereich der Abdeckungen A1 und A2 erfolgt die Belichtung mit Parallel-Licht-Strahlung (kollimiertem Licht) oder divergentem Licht. Bei parallelem Licht erhält man die Anordnung der Abdeckungen A1 und A2 auf Lücke nicht überlappt (Fig. 2a) und bei divergentem Licht überlappt, wie z.B. in Figur 2b.FIG. 4 shows a variant for producing the
Figur 5 zeigt einen Anti-Kopier-Film 17 mit einer photosensitiven Schicht BN und Figur 6 einen Anti-Kopier-Film 18 mit einer photosensitiven Schicht BP.FIG. 5 shows an
BN steht für Negativ-Photoresist-Material und BP für Positiv-Resist-Material.BN stands for negative photoresist material and BP for positive resist material.
Diese Materialien unterscheiden sich funktionell dadurch, daß der Negativ-Resist an den belichteten Stellen aushärtet und der Positiv-Resist an den belichteten Stellen besser löslich, also auswaschbar, wird.These materials differ functionally in that the negative resist hardens at the exposed areas and the positive resist becomes more soluble, ie washable, at the exposed areas.
Negativ arbeitende Photoresists basieren im allgemeinen auf photopolymerisierbaren Gemischen, die neben einem polymeren Bindemittel eine photopolymerisierbare Verbindung mit einem Photoinitiator enthalten. Derartige Gemische enthalten z.B. partiell cyclisiertes Polyisopren als polymerisierbare Verbindung und eine Diazid-Verbindung als lichtempfindlichen difunktionellen Vernetzer (Photoinitiator). Es sind auch teilcyclisiertes Polybutadien als polymerisierbate Verbindung und Diazide (s.o.) bekannt.Negative-working photoresists are generally based on photopolymerizable mixtures which, in addition to a polymeric binder, contain a photopolymerizable compound with a photoinitiator. Such mixtures contain e.g. partially cyclized polyisoprene as a polymerizable compound and a diazide compound as a photosensitive difunctional crosslinker (photoinitiator). Partially cyclized polybutadiene is also known as a polymerizable compound and diazides (see above).
Positiv arbeitende Photoresists sind konventionelle Systeme aus einer photounempfindlichen alkalilöslichen Matrix auf Basis von Novolaken und einer photoempfindlichen Komponente, die als Löslichkeitsinhibitor wirkt und durch Belichtung in alkalilösliche Produkte umgewandelt wird, so daß die gesamten belichteten Bereiche in dem alkalischen Entwicklungslösungsmittel löslich werden.Positive-working photoresists are conventional systems consisting of a photo-insensitive alkali-soluble matrix based on novolaks and a photosensitive component which acts as a solubility inhibitor and is converted into alkali-soluble products by exposure, so that the entire exposed areas become soluble in the alkaline development solvent.
Als Resiste für den kurzwelligen UV-Bereich sind auch z.B. Polymethyl-methacrylat, Copolymere aus Methylmethacrylat und Indenon sowie aus Methylmethacrylat und 3-Oximino-2-butanon als photoaktive Komponente bekannt. Ebenfalls sind auch Zweikomponentensysteme aus einer Poly-methyl-methacrylat-co-methacrylsäure-Matrix und o-Nitrobenzylestern bekannt, z.B. Estern der Cholsäure, als Löslichkeitsinhibitoren.Resists for the short-wave UV range are also known, for example, polymethyl methacrylate, copolymers of methyl methacrylate and indenone and of methyl methacrylate and 3-oximino-2-butanone as a photoactive component. There are also two-component systems made of a poly-methyl-methacrylate-co-methacrylic acid matrix and o-nitrobenzyl esters, for example esters of cholic acid, are known as solubility inhibitors.
Geeignete Photoresist-Materialien können für den Zweck der Erfindung ggf. unter Verwendung geeigneter transparenter Klebe- oder Haftmittel ausgewählt und mit Vorteil verwendet werden.Suitable photoresist materials can optionally be selected for the purpose of the invention using suitable transparent adhesives or adhesives and can be used with advantage.
In Figur 5, nach der Belichtung mit einer Strahlung (Pfeile b) durch eine Maske M hindurch, bleiben nach der Entwicklung von der Negativ-Resist-Schicht BM die Teile M1 und M2 als gehärtete Teile, die die Abdeckungen bilden, stehen (Fig. 5b).In FIG. 5, after exposure to radiation (arrows b) through a mask M, after the development of the negative resist layer BM, the parts M1 and M2 remain as hardened parts which form the covers (FIG. 5b).
In Figur 6 bleiben nach der Belichtung mit einer Strahlung (Pfeile b) durch eine Maske M hindurch und nachfolgender Entwicklung die nicht belichteten Teile P1, P2 und P3 der Schicht BP stehen und bilden die Abdeckungen. (Fig. 6b).In FIG. 6, after exposure to radiation (arrows b) through a mask M and subsequent development, the unexposed parts P1, P2 and P3 of the layer BP remain and form the covers. (Fig. 6b).
Falls in diesen beiden Fällen die Materialien der Resistschichten BN und BP nicht undurchsichtig oder opak sind, können die ausgewaschenen Zwischenräume R1-R3 in Figur 5c und R4-R5 mit opakem Material, z.B. Farbpigmenten oder Ähnlichem, in geeigneter Weise ausgefüllt werden, so daß in diesem Fall die Abdeckungen durch die Zwischenräume R1-R5 realisiert werden. Das Resistmaterial muß in diesen Fällen jedoch transparent sein.If in these two cases the materials of the resist layers BN and BP are not opaque or opaque, the washed-out spaces R1-R3 in Figure 5c and R4-R5 can be filled with opaque material, e.g. Color pigments or the like can be filled out in a suitable manner, so that in this case the covers are realized by the spaces R1-R5. In these cases, however, the resist material must be transparent.
In Figur 7 ist noch eine weitere Herstellungsmethode für einen Anti-Kopier-Film 19 dargestellt, wobei die obere Schicht eine Negativ-Resistschicht BN und die untere eine Positiv-Resistschicht BP ist.A further production method for an
Nach Belichten der Schicht BN und Entwickeln, wonach die gehärteten Teile N1 und N2 stehenbleiben, wird noch einmal wieder von oben (Pfeile b) durch die fertige obere Schicht, die als Maske für die untere Schicht BP beim Belichtungsprozeß dient, belichtet, so daß nach dem Entwickeln die Teile P1-P3 stehen bleiben. In diesem Fall muß entweder das Negativ-Resist-Material der Schicht BN opak sein oder dasselbe durch Belichten und Auswaschen werden, oder es muß doch eine Maske M benutzt werden oder die Teile N1 und N2 müssen vor der zweiten Belichtung opak eingefärbt werden, durch eine Abdeckschicht AS, wie in Fig. 7b angedeutet.After exposure of the layer BN and development, after which the hardened parts N1 and N2 remain, is again exposed from above (arrows b) through the finished upper layer, which serves as a mask for the lower layer BP in the exposure process, so that after the parts P1-P3 remain standing during development. In this case, either the negative resist material of the layer BN must be opaque or the same by exposure and washing out, or a mask M must be used or the parts N1 and N2 must be colored opaque before the second exposure by one Cover layer AS, as indicated in Fig. 7b.
Je nachdem, welche Möglichkeit benutzt wird, müssen entweder die erhabenen Teile N1, N2 und P1-P3 opak gefärbt werden, oder es müssen die Zwischenräume, wie zu Figur 5c, 6c beschrieben, opak gemacht werden, wenn die Teile N1, N2 und P1-P3 transparent sind.Depending on which option is used, either the raised parts N1, N2 and P1-P3 must be colored opaque, or the gaps, as described for FIGS. 5c, 6c, must be made opaque when the parts N1, N2 and P1 -P3 are transparent.
Es ist in allen Fällen der Figuren 2 bis 7 auch möglich, nach Herstellung der Anti-Kopier-Filme die fertigen Abdeck-Schichten noch mit einem, vorzugsweise transparenten, Schutzlack zu überziehen.In all cases of FIGS. 2 to 7, it is also possible to coat the finished cover layers with a preferably transparent protective lacquer after the anti-copying films have been produced.
Das Auftragen der photosensitiven Schichten auf den Film S erfolgt in konventioneller Weise. Es ist z.B. bekannt, sehr dünne Schichten durch adsorptive oder adhäsive Techniken aufzutragen. Im allgemeinen kann man wohl davon ausgehen, daß die photographisch oder photopolymerisch hergestellten Schichten im Dickenbereich von ca. 0,1 µm bis ca. 10 µm oder nur wenig darüber liegen.The photosensitive layers are applied to the film S in a conventional manner. It is e.g. known to apply very thin layers by adsorptive or adhesive techniques. In general, it can be assumed that the photographically or photopolymerically produced layers are in the thickness range from approximately 0.1 μm to approximately 10 μm or only slightly above.
Um die beschriebenen Anti-Kopier-Filme auf den Dokumenten oder allgemein Originalen oder auch Kopien zu befestigen, sind ebenfalls handelsübliche Klebe- und Haftmittel verwendbar.In order to attach the anti-copying films described on the documents or generally originals or copies, commercially available adhesives and adhesives can also be used.
Es sind prinzipiell natürlich auch elektrostatische oder adhäsive Kräfte für die Anbringung der Filme ausnutzbar.In principle, electrostatic or adhesive forces can of course also be used to attach the films.
In Figur 10 ist eine weitere Variante der erfindungsgemäßen Anti-Kopier-Filme dargestellt, die sich durch eine mehrlagige Anordnung von Einzelfilmen oder -Schichten auszeichnet.FIG. 10 shows a further variant of the anti-copying films according to the invention, which is distinguished by a multilayer arrangement of individual films or layers.
Wie bezeichnet, können 3 Einzelfilme oder -Schichten S1-S3, die jeweils nur einseitig oben die Abdeckungen A besitzen, transparent miteinander verbunden sein.As indicated, 3 individual films or layers S1-S3, each of which has covers A on one side only, can be transparently connected to one another.
Es können aber auch 2 Einzelfilme oder -Schichten S1 und S2 transparent miteinander und mit einer Trägerfolie F verbunden sein. Dabei wären die Filme S1 und S2 insofern verschieden ausgebildet, als Film S1 oder S2 mit beidseitigen Abdeckungen A versehen und der jeweils andere Film S2 nur mit Abdeckungen A (unten) bzw. S1 nur mit Abdeckungen A (oben) ausgebildet sein müßte. Mehrlagigere Anordnungen sind ebenfalls denkbar.However, 2 individual films or layers S1 and S2 can also be transparently connected to one another and to a carrier film F. The films S1 and S2 would be different in that film S1 or S2 should be provided with covers A on both sides and the other film S2 should only be formed with covers A (below) and S1 only with covers A (above). Multi-layer arrangements are also conceivable.
Die physikalische Transparenz (Lichtdurchlässigkeit) ist definiert als das Verhältnis der durchgelassenen Lichtmenge J zur auffallenden Lichtmenge Jo
Die Opazität (die Lichtundurchlässigkeit) ist der reziproke Wert davon
Die hierin als "transparent" bezeichneten Materialien, wie Filme, Schichten, Kleb- oder Haftschichten sollen dem theoretischen Höchstwert der Transparenz Tph ∼ 1 möglichst nahekommen, so wie die Lichtundruchlässigkeit Oph der als "opak" oder licht"undurchsichtig" bezeichneten Materialien der Abdeckungen möglichst groß sein soll. Eine große Lichtstreuung oder Lichtreflexion des Materials, das als Abdeckung wirken soll, kann im Sinne der vorliegenden Erfindung dann ebenfalls so vorteilhaft sein wie auch ein Material mit großer Opazität, wenn die auffallende Lichtmenge Jo sehr viel größer ist, als die durchgelassene Lichtmenge J (Jo >> J).The materials referred to herein as "transparent", such as films, layers, adhesive or adhesive layers, should come as close as possible to the theoretical maximum value of transparency T ph ∼ 1, as should the opacity O ph of the materials referred to as "opaque" or light "opaque" Covers should be as large as possible. A large light scatter or light reflection of the material that is to act as a cover can also be as advantageous in the sense of the present invention as a material with a large opacity if the incident light quantity J o is very much larger than the transmitted light quantity J ( J o >> J).
Hierin verwendete Begriffe wie zumindest "teilweise undurchsichtige Bereiche" sind also als zumindest "teilweise opak" oder "teilweise lichtreflektierend" in dem Sinne zu verstehen, daß das Licht eines Kopiegerätes nur in für den Kopiervorgang zu geringer Lichtmenge durch den Anti-Kopier-Film oder die -Schicht hindurch zum Original gelangt. Ebenso ist der Begriff "im wesentlichen durchsichtig" wieder im Sinne der physikalischen Transparenz als möglichst lichtdurchlässig zu verstehen.Terms used here, such as at least "partially opaque areas", are therefore to be understood as at least "partially opaque" or "partially light reflecting" in the sense that the light from a copier only in too little light for the copying process through the anti-copying film or through the layer to the original. Likewise, the term "essentially transparent" is again to be understood as translucent as possible in the sense of physical transparency.
Ein Anti-Kopier-Film oder eine -Schicht für Originale oder Dokumente besteht erfindungsgemäß aus transparentem Folienmaterial mit einer Vielzahl von mit Abständen zueinander angeordneten, zumindest teilweise undurchsichtigen und ggf. reflektierenden Bereichen, die als Abdeckungen auf den Folienoberflächen im wesentlichen in Horizontalebenen, insbesondere parallel zueinander versetzt, angeordnet sind, so daß in etwa senkrechter Blickrichtung Informationen eines darunterliegenden Originals verdeckt und in Richtung eines vorgegebenen Betrachtungswinkels die Informationen sichtbar sind. Zweckmäßige Herstellungsweisen ermöglichen die Anwendung von Photo-Techniken.According to the invention, an anti-copying film or layer for originals or documents consists of transparent film material with a large number of spaced-apart, at least partially opaque and possibly reflecting areas which act as covers on the film surfaces essentially in horizontal planes, in particular in parallel are offset from one another, are arranged so that information of an underlying original is covered in an approximately vertical viewing direction and the information is visible in the direction of a predetermined viewing angle. Appropriate manufacturing methods enable the use of photo techniques.
Claims (26)
- A process for the production of an anti-copy film or layer (S) for documents, against copying the latter in a copying apparatus, comprising at least one film or at least one layer (S) of transparent material having a multiplicity of at least partially opaque line- or strip-like screens which are arranged at distances from one another and whose planes are arranged in approximately the same predefined position relative to the surfaces of the film or layer (S), or which are produced with a defined offset to one another, so that the anti-copy film is essentially opaque at a viewing angle perpendicular to the surfaces of the film(s) or layer(s) (S) of the anti-copy film and is essentially transparent at a predefined viewing angle to the surfaces of the film(s) or layer(s) (S) of the anti-copy film, which comprises producing the screens (A1, A2) in the defined offset arrangements on the film or layer (S) by printing and/or photographically by applying a photosensitive coating (B1) to one side of the film or layer (S), exposing the coating through a mask (M1) and subsequently developing the exposed coating, and applying a further photosensitive coating (B2) to the other side of the film or layer (S), exposing the coating through a mask (M2) and subsequently developing the exposed coating.
- A process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the further photosensitive coating (B2) is exposed through the first, already developed coating (B1).
- A process as claimed in claim 1, wherein a line or strip structure (LS) is applied to one side and a photosensitive coating (B) to the other side of a transparent film or layer (S), and the photosensitive coating (B) is exposed through the line or strip structure (LS) and then developed.
- A process as claimed in one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the exposure is carried out by means of parallel radiation, so that, to an approximation, there is no, or at most only slight, overlapping of the screens (A1, A2).
- A process as claimed in one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the exposure is carried out by means of divergent light radiation, so that there is essentially overlapping of the screens (A1', A2').
- A process as claimed in claim 1, wherein a negative resist coating (BN) is applied to one side and a positive resist coating (BP) to the other side of a transparent film or layer (S), and the screens (A1, A2, A1', A2') are formed by exposure of the two coatings through a mask (M) from the negative resist coating (BN) side and by washing out the two coatings (BN, BP).
- A process as claimed in one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the photosensitive coating material is a photographic emulsion.
- A process as claimed in one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the photosensitive coating material is a plastic coating containing photoinitiators.
- A process as claimed in one of claims 1 to 6 wherein a non-opaque coating material is rendered opaque before application, in particular by admixing a colorant.
- A process as claimed in claim 1, wherein a non-opaque coating material is provided with opaque material, at the raised or indented areas, after application, exposure and development.
- A process as claimed in one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the finished coatings containing the screens are sealed by means of a transparent coat of lacquer.
- An anti-copy film or layer (S) for documents, against copying the latter in a copying apparatus, comprising at least one film or at least one layer of transparent material having a multiplicity of at least partially opaque areas which are arranged at distances from one another and whose planes are arranged in approximately the same predefined position relative to the surfaces of the film or layer (S), so that the anti-copy film is essentially opaque at a viewing angle approximately perpendicular to the surfaces of the film(s) or layer(s) (S) of the anti-copy film and is essentially transparent at a predefined viewing angle to the surfaces of the film(s) or layer(s) (S) of the anti-copy film, and so that each area is formed from at least first opaque screens (A1) on one of the surfaces of the film(s) or layer(s) (S) and at least second opaque screens (A2) on at least one of the other surfaces of the film(s) or layer(s) (S), and so that the at least first and second screens (A1 and A2) are arranged essentially horizontally, wherein, for an overall thickness of the film(s) or the layer(s) (S) of from 5 to 100 µm and an effective optical aperture angle of a copying apparatus of from 12 to 108°, the widths (dg) of the screens (A1, A2) are in the range from 1.75 to 180 µm, in particular from 8.75 to 90 µm, and the widths (do) of the gaps (L) between the screens (A1, A2) are in the range from 1.0 to 165 µm, in particular from 8.0 to 82.5 µm.
- An anti-copy film as claimed in claim 12, wherein the first and second screens have approximately the same width (dg) and are arranged over gaps (L) having a width (do) in an overlapping manner.
- An anti-copy film as claimed in claim 12 or 13, wherein the widths (do) of the gaps (L) between the first and second screens (A1, A2) are from 50% to 90% of the widths (dg) of the screens (A1, A2).
- An anti-copy film as claimed in claim 12, wherein the first and second screens (A1' and A2') have different widths (dg).
- An anti-copy film as claimed in any one of claims 12 to 15, wherein the angle between the straight lines connecting the ends of the width (dg) of screens (A1, A2) lying one on top of the other is in the range from about 30° to about 73°, in particular from about 45° to about 60°.
- An anti-copy film as claimed in any one of claims 12 to 16, wherein at least two (S1, S2), in particular three (S1, S3), individual films or layers are transparently bonded to one another.
- An anti-copy film as claimed in any one of claims 12 to 17, wherein the at least one film or one layer (S) has been bonded transparently to a transparent base film (F).
- An anti-copy film as claimed in claim 18, wherein the thickness of the base film (F) is at least 70% of the thickness (s) of the film(s) or layer(s) (S).
- An anti-copy film as claimed in claim 18, wherein the thickness (s) of the film(s) or layer(s) (S) corresponds approximately to the thickness (h) of the base film (F).
- An anti-copy film as claimed in any one of claims 12 to 20, wherein the at least partially opaque screens (A1, A1', A2, A2') have an essentially striped form (ST) and are arranged approximately parallel to and at equal distances from one another.
- An anti-copy film as claimed in any of claims 12 to 21, wherein a first photosensitive coating (B) has been applied to one side of a transparent film or layer (S), exposed directly and developed, producing the first screens (A1), and wherein a second photosensitive coating (B2) has then been applied to the other side of the transparent film or layer (S), exposed indirectly through the first developed photosensitive coating (B) and the film (S), and developed, producing the second screens (A2).
- An anti-copy film as claimed in claims 12 to 17, wherein a line structure (LS) as first screens (A1) has been applied to one side and a photosensitive coating (B) to the other side of a transparent film or layer (S), and the photosensitive coating (B) has been exposed through the line structure (LS) and then developed, producing the second screens (A2).
- An anti-copy film as claimed in claim 23, wherein the exposure has been carried out by means of parallel radiation, so that, to an approximation, there is no, or at most only slight, overlapping of the screens (A1, A2).
- An anti-copy film as claimed in claim 23, wherein the exposure has been carried out by means of divergent light radiation, so there is essentially overlapping of the screens (A1', A2').
- An anti-copy film as claimed in any one of claims 12 to 21, wherein a negative resist coating (BN) has been applied to one side and a positive resist coating (BP) to the other side of a transparent film or layer (S), and the first and second screens (A1, A2, A1', A2') are formed by exposure of the two coatings through a line-structure mask (M) from the negative resist coating (BN) side and by washing out the two coatings (BN, BP).
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE4226906 | 1992-08-14 | ||
DE4226906A DE4226906A1 (en) | 1992-08-14 | 1992-08-14 | Anti-copy film or layer for documents |
PCT/EP1993/001891 WO1994004367A1 (en) | 1992-08-14 | 1993-07-17 | Anti-copy film or coating for documents |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0655032A1 EP0655032A1 (en) | 1995-05-31 |
EP0655032B1 true EP0655032B1 (en) | 1996-10-09 |
Family
ID=6465534
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP93915945A Expired - Lifetime EP0655032B1 (en) | 1992-08-14 | 1993-07-17 | Anti-copy film or coating for documents |
Country Status (14)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5728449A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0655032B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP3309318B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR100268156B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN1060118C (en) |
AT (1) | ATE143870T1 (en) |
BR (1) | BR9306906A (en) |
DE (2) | DE4226906A1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK0655032T3 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2094554T3 (en) |
GR (1) | GR3022252T3 (en) |
RU (1) | RU2102244C1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1994004367A1 (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA935912B (en) |
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DE4324087A1 (en) * | 1993-07-17 | 1995-01-19 | Basf Magnetics Gmbh | Process for producing an anti-copying film |
WO1996038307A1 (en) * | 1995-05-30 | 1996-12-05 | Detar Tamas | Films, printing forms and producing process thereof |
DE29714381U1 (en) * | 1997-05-21 | 1997-11-06 | EMTEC Magnetics GmbH, 67059 Ludwigshafen | Anti-copy film for documents against copying them in a copier with a defined opening angle |
DE19721170A1 (en) | 1997-05-21 | 1998-11-26 | Emtec Magnetics Gmbh | Method and device for producing a film or a layer with a surface structure on both sides |
WO1999008161A1 (en) * | 1997-08-12 | 1999-02-18 | Emtec Matgnetics Gmbh | Anticopy film for preventing document reproduction in a duplicating attachment with a given aperture angle |
DE19749789A1 (en) * | 1997-11-11 | 1999-05-12 | Bundesdruckerei Gmbh | Security feature for a value or security document with a fractal lamella system |
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ES2174673B1 (en) * | 1999-07-12 | 2003-08-01 | Vijay Atawane | SECURITY SYSTEM TO AVOID DOCUMENT PHOTOCOPYING. |
DE10044465A1 (en) * | 2000-09-08 | 2002-03-21 | Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh | Data carrier with an optically variable element |
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BRPI0608856A2 (en) * | 2005-03-09 | 2010-02-02 | 3M Innovative Properties Co | microreplicated article, method of producing a microreplicated article and optical monitor |
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WO2006098940A1 (en) * | 2005-03-09 | 2006-09-21 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Microreplicated article with moire reducing surface |
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US7467873B2 (en) * | 2005-10-14 | 2008-12-23 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Privacy film |
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ATE452764T1 (en) * | 2006-08-11 | 2010-01-15 | Nat Bank Of Belgium | HIDDEN PICTURE |
DE102006050047A1 (en) * | 2006-10-24 | 2008-04-30 | Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh | Transparent security element for security papers, data carrier, particularly valuable documents such as bank note, identification card and for falsification of goods, has transparent substrate and marking layer applied on substrate |
CN101290501B (en) * | 2007-04-20 | 2011-07-20 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | Copying-proof film based on organic membrane structure and its preparation |
DE102008012423A1 (en) * | 2007-10-31 | 2009-05-07 | Bundesdruckerei Gmbh | Process for producing a polymer layer composite and polymer layer composite with colored security feature |
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ATE500069T1 (en) * | 2008-01-31 | 2011-03-15 | Nat Bank Of Belgium | COLOR SWITCHING |
US20090236844A1 (en) * | 2008-02-14 | 2009-09-24 | Documotion Research, Inc. | Tamper evident materials for securely carrying information |
DE102009033762A1 (en) * | 2009-07-17 | 2011-01-27 | Leonhard Kurz Stiftung & Co. Kg | Method for producing a multilayer body and multilayer body |
DE102009053925A1 (en) * | 2009-11-19 | 2011-05-26 | Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh | Security element with microstructure |
GB2480227A (en) * | 2010-03-01 | 2011-11-16 | Rue De Int Ltd | Optical security device with spaced microlines |
DE102010022123C5 (en) | 2010-05-20 | 2023-03-02 | Leonhard Kurz Stiftung & Co. Kg | security element |
DE102011006191A1 (en) * | 2011-03-28 | 2012-10-04 | Bundesdruckerei Gmbh | Laminate body formed from at least three laminate layers, process for its preparation and its use |
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GB201117523D0 (en) * | 2011-10-11 | 2011-11-23 | Rue De Int Ltd | Security devices and methods of manufacture thereof |
CN102658741B (en) * | 2012-03-21 | 2017-02-15 | 刘峰 | Visual-cryptography-based visible anti-copying technique |
CN103526646A (en) * | 2013-09-26 | 2014-01-22 | 昆山市长宏印刷厂 | Anti-copying computer printing paper |
GB2568077A (en) * | 2017-11-03 | 2019-05-08 | De La Rue Int Ltd | Security document and method of manufacture thereof |
US10976483B2 (en) * | 2019-02-26 | 2021-04-13 | Facebook Technologies, Llc | Variable-etch-depth gratings |
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-
1992
- 1992-08-14 DE DE4226906A patent/DE4226906A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1993
- 1993-07-17 KR KR1019950700554A patent/KR100268156B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-07-17 DK DK93915945T patent/DK0655032T3/en active
- 1993-07-17 RU RU95109101/12A patent/RU2102244C1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-07-17 AT AT93915945T patent/ATE143870T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-07-17 BR BR9306906A patent/BR9306906A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-07-17 EP EP93915945A patent/EP0655032B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-07-17 ES ES93915945T patent/ES2094554T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-07-17 DE DE59304143T patent/DE59304143D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-07-17 JP JP50582594A patent/JP3309318B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-07-17 WO PCT/EP1993/001891 patent/WO1994004367A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1993-07-18 US US08/381,917 patent/US5728449A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-08-13 ZA ZA935912A patent/ZA935912B/en unknown
- 1993-08-14 CN CN93109674A patent/CN1060118C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1997
- 1997-01-09 GR GR970400019T patent/GR3022252T3/en unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR100268156B1 (en) | 2000-10-16 |
GR3022252T3 (en) | 1997-04-30 |
JP3309318B2 (en) | 2002-07-29 |
JPH08503788A (en) | 1996-04-23 |
DE59304143D1 (en) | 1996-11-14 |
RU95109101A (en) | 1996-12-10 |
US5728449A (en) | 1998-03-17 |
ATE143870T1 (en) | 1996-10-15 |
WO1994004367A1 (en) | 1994-03-03 |
DK0655032T3 (en) | 1996-11-18 |
BR9306906A (en) | 1998-12-08 |
ES2094554T3 (en) | 1997-01-16 |
DE4226906A1 (en) | 1994-02-17 |
RU2102244C1 (en) | 1998-01-20 |
ZA935912B (en) | 1995-02-13 |
EP0655032A1 (en) | 1995-05-31 |
CN1060118C (en) | 2001-01-03 |
CN1086479A (en) | 1994-05-11 |
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