EP0653588B1 - Zirkulierender Wirbelschichtreaktor mit Wärmeaustauschflächenerweiterungen - Google Patents

Zirkulierender Wirbelschichtreaktor mit Wärmeaustauschflächenerweiterungen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0653588B1
EP0653588B1 EP94402508A EP94402508A EP0653588B1 EP 0653588 B1 EP0653588 B1 EP 0653588B1 EP 94402508 A EP94402508 A EP 94402508A EP 94402508 A EP94402508 A EP 94402508A EP 0653588 B1 EP0653588 B1 EP 0653588B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
extensions
reactor
walls
tubes
heat exchange
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP94402508A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0653588A1 (de
Inventor
Jean-Claude Semedard
Pierre Gauville
Pascale Amadieu
Jean Aubry
Jean-Xavier Morin
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Alstom Power Boiler SA
Original Assignee
GEC Alsthom Stein Industrie
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Application filed by GEC Alsthom Stein Industrie filed Critical GEC Alsthom Stein Industrie
Publication of EP0653588A1 publication Critical patent/EP0653588A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0653588B1 publication Critical patent/EP0653588B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B31/00—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus
    • F22B31/0007—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus with combustion in a fluidized bed
    • F22B31/0084—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus with combustion in a fluidized bed with recirculation of separated solids or with cooling of the bed particles outside the combustion bed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B31/00—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus
    • F22B31/0007—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus with combustion in a fluidized bed
    • F22B31/0015—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus with combustion in a fluidized bed for boilers of the water tube type
    • F22B31/003—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus with combustion in a fluidized bed for boilers of the water tube type with tubes surrounding the bed or with water tube wall partitions

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a circulating fluidized bed reactor with heat exchange surface extensions.
  • the circulating fluidized bed reactor is used routinely in thermal power stations and for increasingly higher powers.
  • the invention relates to a circulating fluidized bed reactor comprising a lower zone provided with a fluidization grid, means for injecting primary air below the grid, means for injecting secondary air at above the grid and of fuel introduction means, the walls surrounding this lower zone being provided with heat exchange tubes, and an upper zone surrounded by walls provided with heat exchange tubes.
  • a reactor is known from document FR-A-2 690 512.
  • the present invention solves these erosion and distortion problems while going against the technical prejudice of seeking to increase the surface area of the heat exchange panels of the reactor.
  • At least one wall of at least one of said zones is provided with vertical heat exchange panels known as extensions fixed perpendicular to the wall, formed of heat exchange tubes, internal to the reactor. , horizontal width between 150 and 500 mm and spaced from each other by a distance between 1.5 and 4 times their width.
  • the extensions are not very wide and thus the warping of the walls of the reactor due to mechanical stresses caused by differential expansions is avoided and these extensions are located in the descending layer of the solids, as will be described more precisely below.
  • said width is defined as the distance between the internal face of the fins of the walls and the generator furthest from the most distant extension tube.
  • the extensions are welded continuously to the walls of the zone.
  • the extensions are distant from the wall by a distance of less than 60 mm, this distance being the distance between the internal face of the fins of the walls and the generatrix of the nearest extension tube, the extensions being supported at least in their upper part.
  • the extensions are distributed over the internal perimeter of the reactor.
  • the extensions can be located over the entire height of the reactor.
  • the extensions are arranged over the entire height of the wall of the upper zone.
  • the tube extensions may include auxiliary tubes connected to the free end of the extensions, fixed outside the plane of symmetry of the extensions.
  • the reactor comprises at least one dense internal fluidized bed, in communication with the interior of the reactor through its upper part, which receives the solid matter falling along the walls of the upper zone and returns it to the less in part by overflow towards the lower zone all along and above the discharge walls, this internal bed being fitted with exchange tubes connected at their lower part to a supply inlet and at their upper part to a relief outlet, the extension tubes are used as the outlet outlet tubes for those fitted to this internal bed.
  • Figure 1 is a vertical sectional view of a circulating fluidized bed reactor.
  • Figure 2 is a partial view in vertical section of a reactor wall according to the invention.
  • Figure 3A is a sectional view along III-III of Figure 2 and Figure 3B is a similar sectional view according to a variant.
  • FIG. 4A is a vertical section view of a reactor according to the invention according to an alternative embodiment and FIG. 4B is a detailed view of part IV.
  • FIGS 5, 6 and 7 show in partial sections various arrangements of reactors according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 which corresponds to a conventional functioning of a circulating bed reactor, the latter comprises a lower zone 3 of increasing section upwards and an upper parallelepipedic zone 2.
  • the lower zone 3 is provided with a fluidization grid 11, primary air injection means 12 below the grid 11, secondary air injection means 13 above the grid 11 and fuel introduction means 10.
  • the walls 5 surrounding this lower zone 3 are provided with heat exchange tubes.
  • the upper zone 2 is also surrounded by walls 4 provided with heat exchange tubes.
  • the solid particles rise above the grid 11 towards the top of the reactor according to the arrows 6. These particles tend to spread towards the walls 4, 5 and fall back down. However, a part of the finest particles is re-entrained upwards, according to swirling movements such as 7. The other particles approach the walls 4, 5 and flow along these downwards according to the arrows 8 where they form a dense layer of solids.
  • the invention consists in making extensions of heat exchange surfaces of small width embedded in this layer of descending solids and thus improving the heat exchange coefficients of the walls of the reactor.
  • the extensions according to the invention cause an increase in the thickness of the layer of solids along the walls by what may be called a wedge effect. It is indeed created at the presence of a corner an extra layer thickness due to the rounded shape that naturally takes the layer of solids at this location. Thanks to the extensions in accordance with the invention, a large number of corners are created and the thickness of solids is all the more increased. The average concentration of solids is therefore artificially increased in the cavity delimited between two extensions compared to a simple plane wall, which improves the exchange coefficient.
  • extensions according to the invention have two exchange faces which increases the surface overall exchange of the reactor and therefore also improves the exchange coefficient.
  • FIGS 2 and 3A show an embodiment of an extension according to the invention.
  • extensions are preferably made in a conventional manner, that is to say made up of tubes connected by planar fins.
  • the extension 14 represented comprises three vertical exchange tubes 15 embedded and protected in the upper and lower part by layers of concrete 16.
  • the tubes 15, like the tubes 9 moreover, are connected to one another by planar welded fins 20
  • the tubes 15 are supplied with water-vapor emulsion in the lower part by a supply inlet and in the upper part, they are connected to an outlet 19. In order to avoid differential expansion, these tubes 15 are supplied by an emulsion.
  • the extensions 14 fixed perpendicularly at least to a wall 4, 5 of at least one of the zones 2, 3, formed of tubes 15, internal to the reactor have a horizontal width 1 of between 150 and 500 mm and spaced from each other by a distance D of between 1.5 and 4 times their width, this width being defined as the distance between the internal face of the fins 30 of the wall 4, 5 and the generator furthest from the tube 15A most distant extensions.
  • the extensions can be continuously welded to the wall 4, 5 of the zones 2, 3, as shown in FIG. 2, or be distant from the walls 4, 5 by a distance d of less than 60 mm, this distance being the distance between the internal face of the fins 30 of the walls and the generator of the nearest tube 15B, which amounts to removing the first fin 20A from the extensions and supporting these extensions in their upper part and possibly in their lower part.
  • the extensions 14 of tubes 15 may include auxiliary tubes 15C connected to the free end 14A of the extensions 14, fixed outside the plane of symmetry of the extensions 14, in order to reinforce the mechanical strength of the extensions 14, as for example shown in the Figure 3B.
  • FIG. 4A shows a particularly advantageous arrangement of the extensions according to the invention.
  • the tubes of the extensions 14 according to the invention can be used as outlet tubes for freeing those constituting the walls of these beds 22, 23 and possibly those immersed in these beds 22, 23, which avoids crossing the wall 4 with the risks of erosion that this entails, the release outlet tubes being vertical and no longer horizontal.
  • FIG. 4B shows an example of a connection at the outlet for clearing the exchange tubes 24 equipping the internal bed 22 and the tubes 15 with an extension 14.
  • each internal bed 22, 23 is installed between at least two extensions 14 and this results in another effect and technical advantage of the invention.
  • the spaces between extensions 14 form channels or fall paths 21 of the solids towards the beds 22, 23 and causes an increase in the flow rate of the solids descending towards them.
  • the internal beds 22, 23 being connected to external exchangers, these are supplied with a higher flow rate of solids, which improves the exchange and makes it possible to significantly reduce the size of these external exchangers.
  • FIGS. 5 to 7 several possible arrangements of the extensions 14 are described.
  • the reactor is conventionally provided with a cyclone 31.
  • the extensions 14 equipped with tubes 15 are arranged over the entire height of the wall 4 of the upper zone. 2 of the reactor, on one or more sides of this zone 2. In this case, the extensions leave from the ceiling of the reactor and pass in the lower part of the inclined walls 5 of the lower zone 3. Any erosion problem is then eliminated with respect to in the prior art, no more clear horizontal part being subjected to the flow of particles.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
  • Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Reaktor mit einem umlaufendem Wirbelschichtbett und einer untere Zone (3), die ein Verwirbelungsgitter (11), Mittel (12) zur Einspeisung von Primärluft unterhalb des Gitters (11), Mittel (13) zur Einspeisung von Sekundärluft oberhalb des Gitters (11) sowie Mittel (10) zur Einspeisung eines Brennstoffs besitzt, wobei die diese untere Zone umgebenden Wände (5) mit Wärmetauscherrohren versehen sind, während eine obere Zone (2) von Wänden (4) mit Wärmetauscherrohren (9) umgeben ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß mindestens eine Wand mindestens einer dieser Zonen (2, 3) mit vertikalen Wärmetauschertafeln versehen ist, die Erweiterungen (14) genannt werden und senkrecht zur Wand (4, 5) befestigt sind, wobei diese Erweiterungen von Wärmetauscherrohren (15) innerhalb des Reaktors gebildet werden und eine waagrechte Breite (1) zwischen 150 und 500 mm besitzen sowie voneinander einen Abstand (D) zwischen 1,5 und 4 mal ihrer Breite aufweisen.
  2. Reaktor nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Wärmetauscherrohre (9) der Wände (4, 5) über Rippen (30) miteinander verbunden sind und daß die Breite (1) als der Abstand zwischen der Innenseite der Rippen (30) der Wände (4, 5) und der am weitesten entfernten Mantellinie des am weitesten entfernten Rohrs (15A) der Erweiterungen definiert ist.
  3. Reaktor nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Erweiterungen kontinuierlich an die Wand (4, 5) der Zone (2, 3) angeschweißt sind.
  4. Reaktor nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Erweiterungen (14) von der Wand (4, 5) einen Abstand (d) von weniger als 60 mm besitzen, der der Abstand zwischen der Innenseite der Rippen (30) der Wände und der Mantellinie des nächstliegenden Rohrs (15B) der Erweiterungen ist und die Erweiterungen zumindest in ihrem oberen Bereich gestützt werden.
  5. Reaktor nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Erweiterungen (14) über den inneren Umfang des Reaktors verteilt sind.
  6. Reaktor nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Erweiterungen (14) über die ganze Höhe des Reaktors angeordnet sind.
  7. Reaktor nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Erweiterungen (14) über die ganze Höhe der Wand (4) der oberen Zone (2) verteilt angeordnet sind.
  8. Reaktor nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Erweiterungen (14) mit Rohren (15) versehen sind und Hilfsrohre (15C) besitzen, die an das freie Ende (14A) der Erweiterungen (14) angeschlossen sind und außerhalb der Symmetrieebene der Erweiterungen (14) befestigt sind.
  9. Reaktor nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß er mindestens ein inneres, dichtes Wirbelschichtbett (22, 23) in Kontakt mit der Innenseite des Reaktors über dessen oberen Bereich besitzt, auf das die Feststoffe entlang der Wände (4) der oberen Zone (2) absinken und das sie mindestens teilweise durch Überlauf in die untere Zone (3) entlang und über eine Überlaufwand (28, 29) umlenkt, wobei dieses innere Wirbelschichtbett (22, 23) Wärmetauscherrohre enthält, die in ihrem unteren Bereich mit einer Zufuhrleitung und in ihrem oberen Bereich an einen Freigabeausgang angeschlossen sind, und daß die Rohre (15) der Erweiterungen (14) als Ausgangsrohre für die Rohre des inneren Wirbelschichtbetts (22, 23) verwendet werden.
EP94402508A 1993-11-10 1994-11-07 Zirkulierender Wirbelschichtreaktor mit Wärmeaustauschflächenerweiterungen Expired - Lifetime EP0653588B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9313476A FR2712378B1 (fr) 1993-11-10 1993-11-10 Réacteur à lit fluidisé circulant à extensions de surface d'échange thermique.
FR9313476 1993-11-10

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0653588A1 EP0653588A1 (de) 1995-05-17
EP0653588B1 true EP0653588B1 (de) 1997-07-23

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EP94402508A Expired - Lifetime EP0653588B1 (de) 1993-11-10 1994-11-07 Zirkulierender Wirbelschichtreaktor mit Wärmeaustauschflächenerweiterungen

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Country Link
US (1) US5707591A (de)
EP (1) EP0653588B1 (de)
CN (1) CN1073882C (de)
AT (1) ATE155867T1 (de)
CA (1) CA2135460C (de)
CZ (1) CZ290558B6 (de)
DE (1) DE69404423T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2104310T3 (de)
FI (1) FI103299B (de)
FR (1) FR2712378B1 (de)
GR (1) GR3024601T3 (de)
PL (1) PL178960B1 (de)
RU (1) RU2119119C1 (de)
SK (1) SK135594A3 (de)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN100480580C (zh) * 2003-05-28 2009-04-22 阿尔斯通技术有限公司 其加固件是热交换器的燃烧设备的构件
WO2011086233A1 (en) 2010-01-15 2011-07-21 Foster Wheeler Energia Oy Steam generation boiler

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DE10254780B4 (de) * 2002-11-22 2005-08-18 Alstom Power Boiler Gmbh Durchlaufdampferzeuger mit zirkulierender atmosphärischer Wirbelschichtfeuerung
FR2884900B1 (fr) 2005-04-26 2007-11-30 Alstom Technology Ltd Reacteur a lit fluidise avec double extension de paroi
CN101225954B (zh) * 2008-01-07 2010-06-23 西安热工研究院有限公司 内凹式循环流化床锅炉二次风供风方法及其装置
SE532301C2 (sv) * 2008-04-23 2009-12-08 Metso Power Ab En ångpanna försedd med kyld anordning
SE533545C2 (sv) * 2009-04-24 2010-10-19 Metso Power Ab En panna försedd med kyld skärmvägg i rökgången
FI121638B (fi) * 2009-06-12 2011-02-15 Foster Wheeler Energia Oy Leijupetireaktori
FI123548B (fi) 2010-02-26 2013-06-28 Foster Wheeler Energia Oy Leijupetireaktorijärjestely
US8800289B2 (en) 2010-09-08 2014-08-12 General Electric Company Apparatus and method for mixing fuel in a gas turbine nozzle
CN102466223B (zh) 2010-10-29 2014-08-20 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 一种循环流化床锅炉
US9010083B2 (en) 2011-02-03 2015-04-21 General Electric Company Apparatus for mixing fuel in a gas turbine
US9506654B2 (en) 2011-08-19 2016-11-29 General Electric Company System and method for reducing combustion dynamics in a combustor
US8984887B2 (en) 2011-09-25 2015-03-24 General Electric Company Combustor and method for supplying fuel to a combustor
US8801428B2 (en) 2011-10-04 2014-08-12 General Electric Company Combustor and method for supplying fuel to a combustor
US8550809B2 (en) 2011-10-20 2013-10-08 General Electric Company Combustor and method for conditioning flow through a combustor
US9188335B2 (en) 2011-10-26 2015-11-17 General Electric Company System and method for reducing combustion dynamics and NOx in a combustor
US9004912B2 (en) 2011-11-11 2015-04-14 General Electric Company Combustor and method for supplying fuel to a combustor
US8894407B2 (en) 2011-11-11 2014-11-25 General Electric Company Combustor and method for supplying fuel to a combustor
US9033699B2 (en) 2011-11-11 2015-05-19 General Electric Company Combustor
US9322557B2 (en) 2012-01-05 2016-04-26 General Electric Company Combustor and method for distributing fuel in the combustor
US9052112B2 (en) 2012-02-27 2015-06-09 General Electric Company Combustor and method for purging a combustor
US8511086B1 (en) 2012-03-01 2013-08-20 General Electric Company System and method for reducing combustion dynamics in a combustor
US9121612B2 (en) 2012-03-01 2015-09-01 General Electric Company System and method for reducing combustion dynamics in a combustor
US9249734B2 (en) 2012-07-10 2016-02-02 General Electric Company Combustor
US8904798B2 (en) 2012-07-31 2014-12-09 General Electric Company Combustor
JP6196979B2 (ja) * 2012-10-16 2017-09-13 住友重機械工業株式会社 流動床燃焼炉
US9353950B2 (en) 2012-12-10 2016-05-31 General Electric Company System for reducing combustion dynamics and NOx in a combustor
US9273868B2 (en) 2013-08-06 2016-03-01 General Electric Company System for supporting bundled tube segments within a combustor
US10145561B2 (en) 2016-09-06 2018-12-04 General Electric Company Fuel nozzle assembly with resonator
US10473120B2 (en) * 2017-03-09 2019-11-12 Denso International America, Inc. Blower assembly having resonators and resonator assembly

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN100480580C (zh) * 2003-05-28 2009-04-22 阿尔斯通技术有限公司 其加固件是热交换器的燃烧设备的构件
WO2011086233A1 (en) 2010-01-15 2011-07-21 Foster Wheeler Energia Oy Steam generation boiler
JP2013517444A (ja) * 2010-01-15 2013-05-16 フォスター ホイーラー エナージア オサケ ユキチュア 蒸気発生ボイラ
KR101378347B1 (ko) * 2010-01-15 2014-03-27 포스터 휠러 에너지아 오와이 증기 발생 보일러

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
RU94040179A (ru) 1996-11-10
CZ276294A3 (en) 1995-06-14
US5707591A (en) 1998-01-13
DE69404423T2 (de) 1997-12-04
FI103299B1 (fi) 1999-05-31
FI945229A (fi) 1995-05-11
CN1073882C (zh) 2001-10-31
CZ290558B6 (cs) 2002-08-14
CA2135460C (fr) 1998-11-03
PL305777A1 (en) 1995-05-15
CA2135460A1 (fr) 1995-05-11
GR3024601T3 (en) 1997-12-31
ES2104310T3 (es) 1997-10-01
FR2712378A1 (fr) 1995-05-19
DE69404423D1 (de) 1997-09-04
ATE155867T1 (de) 1997-08-15
FI103299B (fi) 1999-05-31
CN1174095A (zh) 1998-02-25
FI945229A0 (fi) 1994-11-07
PL178960B1 (pl) 2000-07-31
SK135594A3 (en) 1995-06-07
EP0653588A1 (de) 1995-05-17
FR2712378B1 (fr) 1995-12-29
RU2119119C1 (ru) 1998-09-20

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