EP0651668B1 - Atemvorrichtung - Google Patents

Atemvorrichtung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0651668B1
EP0651668B1 EP93917601A EP93917601A EP0651668B1 EP 0651668 B1 EP0651668 B1 EP 0651668B1 EP 93917601 A EP93917601 A EP 93917601A EP 93917601 A EP93917601 A EP 93917601A EP 0651668 B1 EP0651668 B1 EP 0651668B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
bag
conduit
wearer
breathing device
flexible hose
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP93917601A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0651668A1 (de
Inventor
Eric Bramham
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV
Original Assignee
Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV filed Critical Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV
Priority to EP93917601A priority Critical patent/EP0651668B1/de
Publication of EP0651668A1 publication Critical patent/EP0651668A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0651668B1 publication Critical patent/EP0651668B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
    • A62B7/00—Respiratory apparatus

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a breathing device, for example for use in an emergency situation. It is well known that exhaled breath still contains sufficient oxygen for a person to breathe in and out several times the same breath. In an emergency situation it can be of vital importance for such person to have a breathing device at his disposition, which device allows the person to exhale and subsequently inhale his breath several times until conditions are safe for normal breathing. Such an emergency situation can for example occur when a person in an aircraft cast in the sea following an accident is carried underwater before being able to free himself from the aircraft, or in case of a fire when a person has to escape through smoke which prevents normal breathing.
  • EP-A-0 361 626 discloses a breathing device consisting of a bag to which a flexible hose provided with a mouthpiece is connected. During normal circumstances the bag is empty, whereas in case of an emergency the wearer uses the bag to exhale and inhale the same breath several times by breathing through the mouthpiece.
  • a problem of the known device is that during a submerged position of the wearer the flexible hose can become shut-off at the connection to the bag due to the water pressure acting on the bag.
  • Another problem of the known device is that water which has entered the bag can block fluid communication between the air in the bag and the mouthpiece.
  • a breathing device comprising a bag of flexible material and a flexible hose in fluid communication with the interior of the bag, the flexible hose being provided with a mouthpiece so as to allow a wearer of the device to exhale into the bag and to inhale from the bag via said mouthpiece and said flexible hose, wherein the hose is in fluid communication with the interior of the bag at a plurality of locations mutually spaced across the bag.
  • the flexible hose is in fluid communication with the interior of the bag via a manifold having a plurality of passages, each passage being in fluid communication with the interior of the bag at a respective one of said locations mutually spaced across the bag.
  • the manifold extends externally from the bag and comprises a main conduit which is at one end thereof connected to the flexible hose and which is at the other end thereof closed, and a plurality of branch conduits, each branch conduit extending from the main conduit to the bag and forming a respective one of said passages.
  • the manifold in another preferred embodiment of the breathing device, includes a conduit extending within the bag, said passages of the manifold being formed by a plurality of openings provided in the wall of said conduit.
  • the breathing device of Fig. 1 includes a flexible watertight bag 1 arranged at the interior of an immersion suit 3 of a wearer (not shown).
  • the bag 1 is attached to the immersion suit by attachment means (not shown) which keep the bag 1 close to the lung centroid position of the wearer.
  • the maximum air volume in the bag 1 when inflated is limited to approximately the lung capacity of the wearer.
  • a flexible watertight hose 4 is at one end thereof connected to the bag 1 via a manifold 5 and at the other end provided with a mouthpiece 6.
  • the mouthpiece 6 is in fluid communication with the interior of the bag 1 via the flexible hose 4 and the manifold 5.
  • the manifold 5 includes a main conduit 7 arranged exterior from the immersion suit 3, which main conduit is at one end connected to the flexible hose 4 and at the other end provided with a relief valve 9.
  • Three branch conduits 10, 11, 13 extend from the main conduit 7 through the immersion suit 3 into the bag 1 at mutually spaced locations thereof.
  • the immersion suit 3 is sealed with respect to each branch conduit 10, 11, 13 to prevent seawater entering the immersion suit 3 at the locations of the branch conduits 10, 11, 13.
  • Each branch conduit 10, 11, 13 has an end part 15, 17, 19 extending in the bag, the end part 15, 17, 19 having an open end 21, 23, 25 and a plurality of openings 27, 29, 31 in the wall thereof.
  • Each end part 15, 17, 19 is provided with an annular shoulder in the form of a primary ring 33, 35, 37 adjacent said open end 21, 23, 25 and a secondary ring 39, 41, 43 adjacent the wall of the bag 1, each ring 33, 35, 37, 39, 41, 43 extending around the end part, the rings being located such that the openings 27, 29, 31 are arranged between the primary ring 33, 35, 37 and the secondary ring 39, 41, 43.
  • the mouthpiece 6 is provided with a directional valve (not shown) which can be operated by means of a handle 50 to switch the valve between a first and a second mode of operation.
  • a directional valve (not shown) which can be operated by means of a handle 50 to switch the valve between a first and a second mode of operation.
  • the valve In the first mode of operation the valve provides fluid communication between the breathing opening (not shown) of the mouthpiece 6 and the flexible hose 5 so as to allow the wearer to exhale into the bag 1 and to inhale from the bag 1, and in the second mode of operation the valve provides fluid communication between the breathing opening and atmosphere.
  • the bag 1 is attached to the interior of the immersion suit of the wearer in a deflated state.
  • the flexible hose 5 and the mouthpiece 6 are attached to the exterior of the immersion suit.
  • the rings 39, 41, 43 prevent the manifold 5 from being accidentally pulled out of the immersion suit.
  • one or more of the openings 21, 23, 25 may become shut-off by the wall of the bag opposite the branch conduits 10, 11, 13.
  • the wearer is able to breathe in and out from the bag via the openings 27, 29, 31 provided in the branch conduits 10, 11, 13.
  • the rings 33, 35, 37 serve to prevent shut-off of the openings 27, 29, 31 by the wall of the bag 1 opposite the branch conduits 10, 11, 13.
  • the wearer is still able to breathe since the spaced arrangement of the branch conduits 10, 11, 13 ensures that the remaining air in the bag 1 is still in fluid communication with the mouthpiece 6.
  • the relief valve 9 opens automatically and thereby allows some of the contents of the bag 1 to escape.
  • the wearer reaches the water surface and floats with his face clear from the water surface he can operate the handle 50 to switch the two way valve to the second mode of operation thereby providing fluid communication between the breathing opening of the mouthpiece 6 and atmosphere.
  • Fig. 2 is shown another embodiment of a breathing device according to the invention, including a flexible watertight bag 60 having along its outer circumference a seam which is provided with openings 64 for attaching the breathing device to an immersion suit of a wearer.
  • a flexible watertight hose 66 is at one end 68 thereof sealingly connected to the bag 60 and at the other end 70 to a mouthpiece 72 which is similar to the mouthpiece 6 described with reference to Fig. 1.
  • a manifold in the form of a conduit 74 extends through the interior of the bag 60, said conduit 74 being provided with a plurality of openings 76 at mutually spaced locations along the conduit 74.
  • the conduit 74 is at one end thereof connected to the end 68 of the flexible hose 66 via an opening (not shown) in the wall of the bag 60, and rests in an elastically deformed state against the inner surface of the wall of the bag 60.
  • Normal operation of the breathing device shown in Fig. 2 is similar to normal operation of the breathing device described with reference to Fig. 1.
  • the bag 60 becomes partially flattened by the pressure of the water acting thereon, some of the openings 76 of the conduit 74 may become shut-off by the wall of the bag being pressed against the conduit. In such case the wearer is able to breathe in and out from the bag via remaining openings 76 which are not shut-off.
  • breathing is still possible via openings 76 in a part of the conduit 74 which is not in contact with the water.
  • the breathing device allows the wearer to breathe during an emergency situation whereby overpressuring of the bag is prevented by the limited internal volume of the bag and by the position of the bag as close to the lung centroid position of the wearer as possible. Furthermore, shut-off of the air passage between the mouthpiece and the interior of the bag due to partial flattening of the bag is prevented.
  • the hydrostatic pressure acting on the bag is well within physiological limits with regard to breathing resistance and lung overpressure.
  • the above described breathing device can suitably be combined with an enclosed respiratory system including a substance which reacts with carbon dioxide and water present in the exhaled air to liberate oxygen therefrom.
  • the breathing device is of relatively small size, it can suitably be combined with an inflatable life jacket to provide buoyancy to the wearer.
  • a life jacket is applied which is asymmetrically shaped by being provided with a small lobe and a large lobe, the lobes being interconnected by a collar which fits around the neck of the wearer.
  • the lobes and the collar enclose a common buoyancy chamber so that upon inflation of the jacket, the lobes and the collar are inflated simultaneously.
  • the collar is arranged around the neck of the wearer, and the lobes are located substantially in front of the wearer and at opposite sides of an imaginary line of symmetry of the wearer.
  • the small lobe and the large lobe provide unequal buoyancy forces to the wearer when said lobes are submerged, the wearer rotates until the lobes float substantially on the water surface so that the wearer becomes in a face-upward position.

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Pulmonology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Respiratory Apparatuses And Protective Means (AREA)
  • External Artificial Organs (AREA)
  • Massaging Devices (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Atemvorrichtung, die einen Beutel (1) aus flexiblem Material und einen mit dem Inneren des Beutels in Strömungsverbindung stehenden flexiblen Schlauch umfaßt, wobei der flexible Schlauch (4) mit einem Mundstück (6) versehen ist, damit ein Benutzer der Vorrichtung über das Mundstück (6) und den flexiblen Schlauch (4) in den Beutel ausatmen und aus dem Beutel einatmen kann, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sich der Schlauch (4) an mehreren über den Beutel (1) voneinander beabstandeten Stellen in Strömungsverbindung mit dem Inneren des Beutels (1) befindet.
  2. Atemvorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, bei der sich der flexible Schlauch (4) über einen Verteiler (5) mit mehreren Durchgängen (10, 11, 13) mit dem Inneren des Beutels (1) in Strömungsverbindung befindet, wobei jeder Durchgang an einer jeweiligen der über den Beutel (1) voneinander beabstandeten Stellen mit dem Inneren des Beutels (1) in Strömungsverbindung steht.
  3. Atemvorrichtung nach Anspruch 2, bei der sich der Verteiler (5) außerhalb des Beutels (1) erstreckt und eine Hauptleitung (7), die an ihrem einen Ende mit dem flexiblen Schlauch (4) verbunden und an ihrem anderen Ende geschlossen ist, und mehrere Zweigleitungen (10, 11, 13) umfaßt, wobei sich jede Zweigleitung (10, 11, 13) von der Hauptleitung (7) zum Beutel (1) erstreckt und einen jeweiligen der Durchgänge bildet.
  4. Atemvorrichtung nach Anspruch 3, bei der mindestens eine Zweigleitung (10, 11, 13) ein Endteil (15, 17, 19) aufweist, das sich in dem Beutel (1) erstreckt, wobei jedes Endteil (15, 17, 19) mindestens eine in seiner Wand ausgebildete Öffnung (27, 29, 31) aufweist.
  5. Atembeutel nach Anspruch 4, bei der das Endteil (15, 17, 19) der Zweigleitung (10, 11, 13) mit einer ringförmigen Schulter versehen ist, die den von der Zweigleitung gebildeten Durchgang umgibt und am nach innen weisenden Ende der Zweigleitung angeordnet ist.
  6. Atemvorrichtung nach Anspruch 2, bei der der Verteiler eine sich in dem Beutel (60) erstreckende Leitung (74) enthält, wobei die Durchgänge des Verteilers von mehreren in der Wand der Leitung (74) ausgebildeten Öffnungen (76) geformt werden.
  7. Atembeutel nach Anspruch 6, bei dem die Leitung (74) in einem elastisch verformten Zustand an der Innenfläche der Wand des Beutels (60) anliegt.
  8. Atemvorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 2 - 7, bei der der flexible Schlauch (4) und der Verteiler einstückig geformt sind.
  9. Atemvorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 - 8, bei der das Mundstück 6 mit einem Wegeventil versehen ist, das in seiner ersten Betriebsart dem Benutzer gestattet, in den Beutel (1, 60) auszuatmen und aus dem Beutel (1, 60) einzuatmen, und in seiner zweiten Betriebsart dem Benutzer gestattet, aus der Atmosphäre zu atmen.
  10. Atemvorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 - 9, die weiterhin Mittel (64) zum Befestigen des Beutels (1, 60) an einem Unterwasseranzug des Benutzers umfaßt.
EP93917601A 1992-07-21 1993-07-19 Atemvorrichtung Expired - Lifetime EP0651668B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP93917601A EP0651668B1 (de) 1992-07-21 1993-07-19 Atemvorrichtung

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP92306647 1992-07-21
EP92306647 1992-07-21
PCT/EP1993/001916 WO1994002206A1 (en) 1992-07-21 1993-07-19 Breathing device
EP93917601A EP0651668B1 (de) 1992-07-21 1993-07-19 Atemvorrichtung

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0651668A1 EP0651668A1 (de) 1995-05-10
EP0651668B1 true EP0651668B1 (de) 1996-10-16

Family

ID=8211440

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP93917601A Expired - Lifetime EP0651668B1 (de) 1992-07-21 1993-07-19 Atemvorrichtung

Country Status (8)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0651668B1 (de)
AU (1) AU669730B2 (de)
CA (1) CA2140523C (de)
DE (1) DE69305520T2 (de)
DK (1) DK0651668T3 (de)
NZ (1) NZ254755A (de)
SG (1) SG86972A1 (de)
WO (1) WO1994002206A1 (de)

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4324234A (en) * 1980-05-21 1982-04-13 Maness Samuel G Dual chamber personal flotation device
JPH0169552U (de) * 1987-10-23 1989-05-09
DE3832876A1 (de) * 1988-09-28 1990-04-05 Hoechst Ceram Tec Ag Bauteile aus silizium-infiltriertem siliziumcarbid mit poroeser oberflaeche und verfahren zu ihrer herstellung
GB8822945D0 (en) * 1988-09-30 1988-11-09 Shell Int Research Dual compartment bag for use as artifical lung

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU4700593A (en) 1994-02-14
DE69305520T2 (de) 1997-04-10
DK0651668T3 (da) 1997-04-01
WO1994002206A1 (en) 1994-02-03
EP0651668A1 (de) 1995-05-10
SG86972A1 (en) 2002-03-19
NZ254755A (en) 1996-02-27
CA2140523C (en) 2005-03-29
AU669730B2 (en) 1996-06-20
DE69305520D1 (de) 1996-11-21
CA2140523A1 (en) 1994-02-03

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