EP0651398A1 - Refroidissement par vaporisation de la fenêtre d'un accélérateur de particules - Google Patents

Refroidissement par vaporisation de la fenêtre d'un accélérateur de particules Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0651398A1
EP0651398A1 EP93308518A EP93308518A EP0651398A1 EP 0651398 A1 EP0651398 A1 EP 0651398A1 EP 93308518 A EP93308518 A EP 93308518A EP 93308518 A EP93308518 A EP 93308518A EP 0651398 A1 EP0651398 A1 EP 0651398A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
window
cooling
electron beam
heat
heat pipes
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP93308518A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Joseph R. Lovin
David S. Shevick
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
WR Grace and Co Conn
Original Assignee
WR Grace and Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by WR Grace and Co filed Critical WR Grace and Co
Priority to EP93308518A priority Critical patent/EP0651398A1/fr
Publication of EP0651398A1 publication Critical patent/EP0651398A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21K—TECHNIQUES FOR HANDLING PARTICLES OR IONISING RADIATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; IRRADIATION DEVICES; GAMMA RAY OR X-RAY MICROSCOPES
    • G21K5/00—Irradiation devices
    • G21K5/04—Irradiation devices with beam-forming means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J33/00—Discharge tubes with provision for emergence of electrons or ions from the vessel; Lenard tubes
    • H01J33/02—Details
    • H01J33/04—Windows

Definitions

  • This invention relates generally to the art of electron beam accelerators and more particularly to the art of cooling such electron beam accelerators.
  • Electron beam accelerators are used in a variety of environments.
  • the most readily known environment is that of cathode ray tubes which in and of themselves have an extremely diverse variety of applications.
  • cathode ray tubes maintain accelerated electrons within the environment of the tube enclosure
  • Windows utilized in conventional electron beam accelerators in such applications are generally formed of a foil which is reasonably transparent to an electron beam.
  • foils are formed of titanium or titanium alloys that are very thin, e.g. approximately 0.4 to 1.5 mils in thickness.
  • a preferred alloy is formed of 96% (weight percent) titanium with 3% aluminum and 1% vanadium.
  • a more effective method of window cooling utilizes a high velocity jet of air which passes over the exterior window surface.
  • Windows cooled in this manner have long service lives, but there is a problem associated with the production of ozone when such air is irradiated by the electrons passing therethrough.
  • the heat pipes eliminate the need for air cooling and thus reduce or eliminate the production of ozone.
  • FIG. 1 of the drawings illustrates schematically the operation of a heat pipe.
  • Figure 2 of the drawings illustrates schematically an electron beam accelerator in association with an x-ray target or product to be irradiated.
  • FIG. 3 of the drawings is an isometric view of an electron beam accelerator window assembly in accordance with this invention.
  • the window of an electron beam accelerator may be cooled by the placement thereon of heat pipes for the conduction of heat away therefrom. It is most surprising in accordance with this invention that heat pipes function without deterioration in the environment of an electron beam accelerator.
  • Heat pipes have been utilized in a variety of applications since their inception. They have been most utilized in the art of injection molding but also utilized in the nuclear reactor art.
  • a heat pipe is generally a hollow tube having a volatile substance therein.
  • the heat pipe is normally formed of thermally conductive material and upon placement of the tube within a heat environment, the volatile liquid within the heat pipe vaporizes and absorbs the heat energy from the portion of the heat pipe subjected to the heat load. This causes the liquid at that point to boil and enter a vapor state. When that happens, the liquid picks up the latent heat of vaporization in passing from the liquid to vapor state.
  • the gas which then has a higher pressure moves toward the center of the sealed container and away from the heat source to a cooler location where it is condensed by external means of cooling. When the gas is condensed, it gives up the latent heat of vaporization. The liquid medium is then returned toward the heat source through the heat pipe wick.
  • the heat pipe thus functions to transfer heat from the input to output end of the heat pipe with effective thermal conductivities many thousands of times that of copper heat sinks.
  • a heat pipe is described in U.S. Patent No. 4,601,331 which utilizes a heat pipe in the environment of a microwave tube collector. Such patent is hereby incorporated by reference.
  • FIG. 2 of the drawings illustrates an electron beam accelerator and/or x-ray generator of the type applicable to the current invention.
  • an electron beam accelerator 1 and an x-ray generator 3.
  • the electron beam accelerator generally has a filament 5 from which electrons are emitted and passed through a high voltage divider network 7 through a plurality of anodes 9 to arrive in a scan coil assembly 11. In passing through the scan coil assembly, the electrons are scanned through a scanning horn 13 to contact a window 15 such as that described above.
  • An electron 17 is illustrated as having passed through the window and headed toward a metal x-ray target 21 or product to be irradiated.
  • the high speed electrons After traversing through the window the high speed electrons interact with the stream of air being used to cool the window resulting in ionization of the air molecules and consequently the formation of ozone and NO x products.
  • a window assembly 31 having a window mounting bracket 33, foil window 35 and a plurality of heat pipes illustrated here as 37, 39 and 41. Heat pipes 37, 39 and 41 rest upon window 35 for the conducting of heat away therefrom. There is illustrated also as a part of the window assembly 31, external cooling means 45 which are preferably water cooling for the heat pipes 37, 39 and 41.
  • a preferred heat pipe for utilization with this invention is a heat pipe from Noren Company of Menlow Park, California, which utilizes either mercury or water as the volatile liquid. Surprisingly, both have been found to operate in the environment of the electron accelerator.
  • One of the advantages associated with the use of heat pipes for cooling an electron window is that the entire electron beam x-ray generator or product irradiation chamber may be isolated in nitrogen and generally the entire environment is isolated except for the cooling water. Therefore, there are no adverse affects to the environment associated with ozone production.
  • the generally inert surrounding of nitrogen also provides for the likelihood of a longer life of all equipment in that environment.
  • this invention provides a significant improvement in the cooling of electron beam accelerator windows. It further seen that this improvement eliminates the production of ozone which has heretofore been associated with electron beam accelerators. As many variations become apparent to those of skill in the art from a reading of the foregoing description, such variations are embodied within the spirit and scope of this invention as defined by the following appended claims.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Apparatus For Disinfection Or Sterilisation (AREA)
EP93308518A 1993-10-26 1993-10-26 Refroidissement par vaporisation de la fenêtre d'un accélérateur de particules Withdrawn EP0651398A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP93308518A EP0651398A1 (fr) 1993-10-26 1993-10-26 Refroidissement par vaporisation de la fenêtre d'un accélérateur de particules

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP93308518A EP0651398A1 (fr) 1993-10-26 1993-10-26 Refroidissement par vaporisation de la fenêtre d'un accélérateur de particules

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0651398A1 true EP0651398A1 (fr) 1995-05-03

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EP93308518A Withdrawn EP0651398A1 (fr) 1993-10-26 1993-10-26 Refroidissement par vaporisation de la fenêtre d'un accélérateur de particules

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0957506A1 (fr) * 1998-05-15 1999-11-17 Philips Patentverwaltung GmbH Source à rayons X avec cible à métal liquide

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3105916A (en) * 1960-09-08 1963-10-01 High Voltage Engineering Corp Radiation beam window
SU679089A1 (ru) * 1977-10-17 1981-07-23 Предприятие П/Я А-7904 Выпускное окно ускорител электронов
US4409511A (en) * 1981-02-23 1983-10-11 Rpc Industries Phase transition cooled window for broad beam electron gun

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3105916A (en) * 1960-09-08 1963-10-01 High Voltage Engineering Corp Radiation beam window
SU679089A1 (ru) * 1977-10-17 1981-07-23 Предприятие П/Я А-7904 Выпускное окно ускорител электронов
US4409511A (en) * 1981-02-23 1983-10-11 Rpc Industries Phase transition cooled window for broad beam electron gun

Non-Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
DATABASE INSPEC INSTITUTE OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS, STEVENAGE, GB; "BASSETT ET AL. : High power microwave window design" *
DATABASE INSPEC INSTITUTE OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS, STEVENAGE, GB; "COLWELL ET AL.: Performance of a heat pipe in a microwave field" *
DATABASE WPI Week 8149, Derwent World Patents Index; AN 81-M5523D *
JOURNAL OF MICROWAVE POWER, vol. 10, no. 4, December 1975 (1975-12-01), pages 369 - 390 *
MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM. DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS , 12-14 JUNE 1974, ATLANTA, USA, pages 145 - 147 *

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0957506A1 (fr) * 1998-05-15 1999-11-17 Philips Patentverwaltung GmbH Source à rayons X avec cible à métal liquide
KR19990088266A (ko) * 1998-05-15 1999-12-27 요트.게.아. 롤페즈 액체금속표적을구비하는엑스선소스

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