EP0651206A1 - Dispositif d'allumage - Google Patents

Dispositif d'allumage Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0651206A1
EP0651206A1 EP93913671A EP93913671A EP0651206A1 EP 0651206 A1 EP0651206 A1 EP 0651206A1 EP 93913671 A EP93913671 A EP 93913671A EP 93913671 A EP93913671 A EP 93913671A EP 0651206 A1 EP0651206 A1 EP 0651206A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
housing
air
fuel
flare
circular
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP93913671A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0651206A4 (fr
Inventor
Igor Ivanovich Vlasov
Rafik Gumarovich Khairullin
Vladimir Mikhailovich Shkedov
Ravil Abdullovich Muslimov
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
TATARSKOE PROIZVODSTVENNOE OBIEDINENIE ENERGETIKI I ELEKTRIFIKATSII " TATENERGO"
Original Assignee
TATARSKOE PROIZVODSTVENNOE OBIEDINENIE ENERGETIKI I ELEKTRIFIKATSII " TATENERGO"
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by TATARSKOE PROIZVODSTVENNOE OBIEDINENIE ENERGETIKI I ELEKTRIFIKATSII " TATENERGO" filed Critical TATARSKOE PROIZVODSTVENNOE OBIEDINENIE ENERGETIKI I ELEKTRIFIKATSII " TATENERGO"
Publication of EP0651206A1 publication Critical patent/EP0651206A1/fr
Publication of EP0651206A4 publication Critical patent/EP0651206A4/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/02—Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2207/00—Ignition devices associated with burner

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to means of lightning up burners of power boiler units, petrochemical plants as well as other furnace plants, and, more specifically, to ignition devices.
  • the known iginition devices are marked first of all by an inadequately well organized operational process.
  • Said ignition devices display a low reliability of operation: a part of the flare is concealed in the housing, which reduces the effectiveness of the thermo-chemical effect on the flare to be ignited; a low-pressure flare is insufficiently stable in cocurrent flows and more so in deviating flows, with the ignition device located at an angle to the burner axis; there is a possibility of explosions in the ignition device housing during an attempt to trigger it, which reduces the reliabilty in the flare formation by the ignition device; a dependence of the ignition device operational mode and the reliability of its inflammation on the pressure in the furnace.
  • Ignition devices with internal burning require a higher air pressure since they have to overcome losses in the total pressure, associated with the heat release inside the through part of the ignition device.
  • Any attempts to increase the length of the ignition devices with internal burning for the burners of power boilers of a high capacity the required length of ignition devices can amount up to 5000 mm) has resulted in problems, incident to the dynamic instability of the process, during which, as a rule, there are two types of instability observed: periodic (monotonic drawing-in of the flare inside the housing of the device) and oscillatory instability, when low-frequency sound oscillations are generated, accompanied by oscillations of the flare (instability of the thermo-acoustic nature).
  • the ionization indicators are sensitive to the presence of condensate and moisture in the flow, running through the ignition device, whereas the optical annunciators are sensitive to other sources of radiation in addition to the flare to be checked.
  • an ignition device comprising a housing, a branch pipe supplying a flammable mixture, and a combustion chamber with a circular partition, provided with holes for transfer of the mixture into the chamber, a flame-conductor, made up in a shape of a perforated pipe with stabilizing head-pieces on its side end, a means of making a flare, having a form of a nozzle and a stabilizing washer, mounted in the housing after the flame-conductor side end, an inspection eye-piece and a hole to fire the mixture, manufactured in the combustion chamber housing (SU- A- 932116).
  • the device operates as follows.
  • a mixture prepared of gas and air is supplied into the branch pipe; a part of the mixture gets via a hole of a circular partition into the combustion chamber, while the other part flows through a perforated pipe of the flame-conductor, and in the process the gas-air mixture gets inside the housing via a hole in the pipe.
  • the mixture in said chamber starts burning and the flame extends down the flow in the circular channel, formed by the internal surface of the housing and the external surface of the flame-conductor. Further, the flame transfer results in the ignition of the mixture, flowing out of the flame-conductor pipe, a stable burning is maintained by stabilizing head-pieces.
  • the ignition of the mixture is accomplished via a hole from an external source of flame, which can be provided only in case the ignition device is mounted in the furnace, where a low rarefaction is effective. In case the furnace operates under pressure charging or on a balanced draft, ignition is difficult to be achieved.
  • Said ignition device displays a low reliability in operation, that is in functioning as an ignition device (detonations of the mixture are possible in the housing, since the pipe of the flame-conductor and the internal channel of the device are filled with a gas-air mixture of one and the same composition approximately with a stoichiometric gas-air ratio, insufficiently full utilization of the flame, since the most effective root part of the latter is concealed in the housing; a low total pressure in the flare, and, as a result, its breaks in the cocurrent and deviating flows; a low design reliability (the heating of the outlet part of the ignition device, deposition of soot particles and dust on the inspection eye-piece), and also it has a limited length, pertaining to unfeasibility of the flame transfer to a great distances in the circular channel, formed by the perforated pipe of the flame-conductor and the housing, since a flow rate in the circular channel is increased because of the distribution of the mass coming through the pipe opening, and after the flow rate becomes equal to a certain value
  • an ignition device comprising a housing with air branch pipes supplying air and gas fuel to the housing cavity, a flare forming means at the operating side end of the housing and a detonation pipe, an inlet end of which is linked with the housing cavity, its outlet end is located in the zone of the gas-air mixture outlet from the housing cavity, and which is equipped with an electrical ignition plug, connected to a high-voltage source (SU, A, 1121547).
  • a high-voltage source SU, A, 1121547
  • the device operates as follows.
  • Air and gas are supplied into the housing and a detonation pipe with internal burning. Because of the impulse nature of burning in the pipe and characteristic jumps of pressure in it, a detonation wave is formed in the pipe. At the pipe outlet a short-time flame (discharge) appears that ignites the gas-air flow. The discharge takes place in a semiclosed volume, limited by the walls of the housing, nozzle and a fire-interception grate. Burning proceeds in the ceramic channel behind the nozzle. The flare of the ignition device is recorded by a photo sensor.
  • the means of flare shaping in said device are a nozzle, fire-interception grate and a ceramic channel, disposed after them.
  • Said device in comparison with the aforedescribed ignition device is not sensitive to the furnace pressure, since it is equipped with a reliable air ventilation of the detonation pipe at any pressure differentials.
  • the length of the detonation pipe, and along with it the length of the whole device, is considerably greater and the rate of flow inside the detonation pipe is constant along its length.
  • the flare shaping means having the form of a nozzle, a fire-interception grate and a ceramic tunnel, operates so that during ignition of the mixture in the space between the nozzle and the grate the products of combustion escape from the nozzle, getting into the eddy zones behind the grate, which hinders the delivery of fresh fuel-air mixture into said eddy zones and thus reduces the reliability of ignition and operation.
  • the device does not ensure against breaks of flare during the repeated operation of the detonation pipe.
  • thermo-chemical action of the ignition device on the flow to be ignited is reduced thanks to the concealment of the root, most active part of the flare in the ceramic tunnel.
  • Said device features a low design reliability, associated with the heating of the ignition device elements by the flare and the effect of the products of combustion, soot particles and other products of thermal destruction of the fuel on the flare presence indicator.
  • the foundation of the present invention is a purpose of creating an ignition device with a flare forming means, made up so as to considerably increase the reliability of said device functioning and structural manufacture, to increase the degree of the thermo-chemical effect on the flare of a burner to be fired, to ensure the stability of the ignition device flare in cocurrent and deviating flows, and, as a consequence, to reduce the time required for firing and starting up burner devices, to exclude a possibility of explosions in the furnace chambers in the course of automatically controlled firing and to reduce the operational expenses for maintenance.
  • said ignition device comprising a housing with air and gas supply branch pipes into the housing cavity, a flare forming means at the operating side end of the housing and a detonation pipe, the inlet end of which is linked with the housing cavity and the outlet end of which is disposed in the zone of the gas-air flow outlet in the housing cavity and which is equipped with an electrical ignition plug, connected to a high-voltage source with the flare forming means made as a generator of an intermittent-circular fuel-air mixture stream.
  • the intermittent-circular fuel-air mixture stream generator is preferably manufactured as a partition, having a shape of an axisymmetrical body of revolution, provided with through holes around the circumference, located along the circular line, and a flat side end from the side of the fuel-air mixture flow outlet.
  • the through channels can be made as holes in the disk body, disposing them in line with said body.
  • the partition can also have a shape of a two-stage cylinder, whereas the through hole can be manufactured as grooves in the body of a stage with a bigger diameter, disposed from the side of the housing cavity.
  • the device with a mixing chamber, located outside of the housing and linked with said chamber by means of an air by-pass branch pipe, equipped with a metering orifice, and a fuel-air mixture by-pass branch pipe, with the inlet end of the detonation pipe, appropriately located in the mixing chamber, while the outlet end of said detonation pipe, located in the additional channel, made in the partition body in a close vicinity to one of the through channels and in line with the latter.
  • the device with a flare presence indicator, made as a contact thermo-sensitive element, disposed on the flat side end of the intermittent-circular stream generator and in line with the latter.
  • the applied ignition device ensures a reduction in losses, associated with a breakage or an idle time during repairs of the expensive power equipment due to explosions in furnaces of the fuel-air mixtures, and makes it possible to considerably reduce the operational expenses (high overhaul service life, insensitivity to pressure changes in the furnace, reliable selective flame checking).
  • the applied device permits also the reduction of fuel consumption in the course of firing thanks to the reduction of time, required for the ignition of burners and the automation of the firing procedure, as well as the reduction of operational expenses, associated with the absence of separate air pressure sources (compressors, oil and moisture separators) and with a possibility of work with low-head forced-draft fans of the furnace plant.
  • An ignition device comprises a housing 1 (Figs.1 and 2), having a branch pipe 2 supplying air to the housing 1 cavity along arrow B and a branch pipe 3 supplying gas fuel to the housing 1 cavity along arrow C.
  • a detonation pipe 4 (Fig.2), an inlet 5 of which via a mixing chamber 6 is linked with a fuel-air mixture by-pass branch pipe 7 from the cavity of the housing 1.
  • the mixing chamber 6 is connected with the housing 1 by means of an air by-pass branch pipe 8, having at the inlet to the chamber 6 a metering orifice 9, and is connected with a draining branch pipe 10, mounted outside the housing 1 and fixed on a flange 11.
  • the closest to the inlet 5 part 12 of the pipe 4 is disposed outside the housing 1.
  • the part 12 of the pipe 4 mounts the electrical ignition plug 13, connected to a high-voltage source 14.
  • the cavity of the housing 1 accomodates a flare shaping means 15, disposed from the side of an operating side end 16 of the housing 1 and a flare presence indicator 17.
  • the flare shaping means 15 (Figs.1 and 2) is made up as an fuel-air mixture intermittent-circular stream generator 18.
  • the generator 18 (Figs.1 to 3) where the fuel-air intermittent-circular stream is produced is a partition, having a form of an axisymmetrical body of revolution, provided with through channels 19 around the periphery, located on the circular line, and a flat side end 20 from the side of the fuel-air mixture stream outlet.
  • the partition is made up as a disk with stages, having a stage 21 of a greater diameter, disposed from the side of the housing 1 surface, and a stage 22 of a smaller diameter, having a flat side end 20.
  • the through channels are manufactured as grooves 19 in the stage 21 body.
  • the outlet 23 (Fig.2) of the detonation pipe 4 is located in the channel 24, made in the partition body in a close vicinity to one of the through channels 19 (grooves 19'), as is shown in Fig.4.
  • radial holes 26 (Fig.5) appropriate to the number of the grooves 19', disposed opposite to the middle of the spans between the grooves 19'.
  • the flare presence indicator 17 (Figs.2 and 6) of the ignition device according to the invention is made in a form of a contact thermo-sensitive element 27, mounted on the flat side end 20 of the axisymmetrical body of revolution of the intermittent-circular stream generator 18 in line with the latter, thanks to which provided is a checking selectivity of the ignition device flare.
  • the aforedescribed embodiment of the invention is expediently employed for firing the furnace burners of steam and water-heating boilers of different capacities, operating under pressurization or with a balanced draft as well as in the automatically controlled systems for explosion-proof ignition of the furnace chambers in energetics and other spheres, requiring reliable firing and stable checking of the flame.
  • the body of revolution of the intermittent-circular fuel-air mixture stream generator 18 (Fig.7) is in the shape of a disk 28, whereas the through channels have a form of holes 19'' in the body of said disk 28.
  • the operational principle of the ignition device according to the invention consists in the following.
  • Air is supplied to the branch pipe 2 (Fig.2) along the arrow B, while gas fuel is delivered to the branch pipe 3 along the arrow C.
  • a rich fuel-air mixture is created in the housing 1, starting from the branch pipe 3 in the direction of the flare shaping device 15 of the ignition device, whereas from the branch pipe 2 in the direction of the mixing chamber 6 there is practically a clear air.
  • the fuel-air mixture via the branch pipe 7 out of the housing 1 cavity flows into the mixing chamber 6 and becomes leaner with fresh air via the air by-pass branch pipe 8 and the metering orifice 9 until the stoichiometric ratio is obtained.
  • the fuel-air mixture from the mixing chamber 6 is supplied to the inlet 5 of the detonation pipe 4.
  • the fuel-air mixture from the housing 1 flows out in the shape of a thin intermittent-circular stream via the through channels 19 and also becomes leaner down to the required ratio via the radial holes 26.
  • the fuel-air mixture explodes and by means of the detonation pipe 4 and the channel 24 into the return current recycling zone 29 (Fig.6) a firing shot is effected.
  • the fuel-air mixture behind the operational side end 16 is ignited.
  • the products of combustion, created in the process in the mixing chamber 6 (Fig.2) are drained from it via the draining branch pipe 10 and the detonation pipe 4 into the furnace chamber.
  • thermo-sensitive element 27 of the flare presence indicator 17 of the ignition device is screened by a stable recycling zone 29 (Fig.6) of return currents, formed by a cool intermittent-circular fuel-air mixture flowing from the ignition device, and does not react to the flares of closely located burning devices and the radiation of the furnace chamber.
  • the intermittent-circular stream directly at the outlet of the generator 18 (Fig.6), consisting of a group of individual flows, distributed along the circle at the periphery of the generator, produces a recycling zone 29 behind the generator 18, which functions as a burning stabilizer.
  • Such a stabilizer operates within a wide range of rate variations of individual flow runs, with the limits of stability in the stabilizer operation depending on the height of an individual flow at the generator 18 outlet versus the diameter of the intermittent-circular stream. If required to extend the limits, said ratio should be reduced.
  • Burning in the recycling zone 29 is a standby source for the flare lightning-up. Between the recycling zone 29 (Fig.8) and a flare burning visual zone 30, there is a transitional zone 31 in which the visible burning of the flare during operation on lean mixtures may be absent.
  • the secondary air flows into at the portion between the intermittent-circular stream generator 18 outlet and the border of the individual flows closing into a circular stream. Thanks to this fact, the excessive air coefficient in the recycling zone 29 is always greater and the mixture is leaner than in the mouths of individual flows and in the housing of the ignition device.
  • the secondary air is sucked in via radial holes 26 due to rarefaction behind the projections between the grooves 19' (Fig.6).
  • the flows of the intermittent-circular stream close in into a circular stream "c" (Fig.8).
  • the cross-section of the holes 26 determines the consumption of the secondary air, which is used during the adjustment of the ignition device according to the invention.
  • the air by-pass branch pipe 8 (Fig.2), the flow rate through which is determined by the metering orifice 9, serves for the air delivery to the mixing chamber 6, into which at the same time is delivered a fuel-air mixture from the housing 1, thanks to which the mixture in the mixing chamber 6 becomes leaner and with a properly selected metering orifice 9 the excessive air coefficient in the mixing chamber 6 does not differ from the excessive air coefficient in the mixture, present in the recycling zone 29 (Fig.6) behind the intermittent-circular stream generator 18.
  • the two-stage leaning of the mixture makes it possible to prevent mixture explosions in the housing 1.
  • the first stage of leaning is common: the gas is thinned by air in the housing 1 of the ignition device.
  • the second stage of leaning for the firing stream is an additional thinning of the mixture in the mixing chamber 6 (Fig.2), whereas for the main stage is sucking in of the second air along the arrow "a" (Fig.8) and along the arrow "d” (Fig.9) in case the holes 26 are absent.
  • the detonation pipe outlet has a different disposition, for instance, coaxial with the intermittant-circular stream generator, the discharge takes place in opposition to the flow lines in the recycling zone, the lightning up becomes less reliable.
  • the reliability and a high selectivity of the flare presence indicator 17 (Fig.6) of the ignition device are based on the specific features in operation of the flare shaping device 15.
  • the essence lies in the fact that the flare can be lightened up only in case the flame impulse is delivered to the recycling zone 29, that is, under the intermittent-cicular stream. Since the recycling zone 29 is screened by a high-rate stream, the lightning up of the flare and its stable burning with no burning in the recycling zone 29 is impossible.
  • thermo-sensitive element 27 performs the role of a secondary converter of information.
  • thermo-sensitive element is a contact type one, that is, reacting to the ambient temperature in the recycling zone 29, is favourable to the flame check selectivity under the conditions of multi-burner furnaces.
  • the mounting of the element 27 coaxially with the body of the intermittent-circular stream generator 18 makes the products of combustion in the recycling zone 29 flow in the direction of the arrow "e" over the thermo-sensitive element 27, which improves the heat-exchange conditions of the element 27 with the medium in said zone 29.
  • the applied ignition device provides for a high reliability of fuctioning within a wide range of pressure variations of air and gas fuel, and excludes a probability of mixture explosions in the housing of the device.
  • the employment of the intermittent-circular stream generator in said ignition device makes it possible to ensure stable burning of the flare outside the housing and at the same time provides for the operation of the ignition device with richer fuel-air mixtures which fill the housing, thereupon excluding explosions of the fuel-air mixture in the housing.
  • the intermittent-circular stream generator as a metering device of the fuel-air mixture consumption, and, consequently, of the air consumption, the share of which prevails in the total consumption of the fuel-air mixture.
  • a metering device By disposing such a metering device at the outlet of the ignition device and selecting a sufficiently high ratio of cross-section areas of the branch pipe 2 and the housing 1, on one part, and of the generator 18, on the other, it is possible to ensure reliable operation of the ignition device with the values of air pressure being small as well as high (the permissible range of pressure variations is over 12, for instance, of the air from 0.5 kPa to 6.0 kPa and of the natural gas from 3.0 kPa to 36 kPa ; with the air pressure being constant the pressure change of gas may not exceed 3 times, for instance, at an air pressure of 1.5 kPa, the device reliably functions at a gas pressure of from 9 kPa to 27 kPa.
  • the applied device ensures a high reliability at variable pressures in furnaces of power boiler plants.
  • the applied ignition device operates with a low-pressure air taken off from the outlet of the furnace forced-draft fans and other sources. A constant air flow through
  • the ignition device protects the structure against over-heating during the furnace operation, which ensures a high structural reliability.
  • the applied device is characterized by an absence of explosions in the housing and breaks of the flare during multiple discharges of the detonation pipe.
  • the device according to the invention shows a high reliability in the course of long operation in the cocurrent and deviating flows and ensures selective checking of the flare flame, irrespective of the mode of operation of its flare.
  • the ignition device can be employed preferably in the automatic furnace control systems of power boiler plants, petrochemical plants and other furnace plants, since said ignition device on command from the control system delivers an igniting flare and indicates the presence or absence of said flare irrespective of the burner mode of operation.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Nitrogen And Oxygen Or Sulfur-Condensed Heterocyclic Ring Systems (AREA)
EP19930913671 1993-05-19 1993-05-19 Dispositif d'allumage. Withdrawn EP0651206A4 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/RU1993/000115 WO1994027091A1 (fr) 1993-05-19 1993-05-19 Dispositif d'allumage

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0651206A1 true EP0651206A1 (fr) 1995-05-03
EP0651206A4 EP0651206A4 (fr) 1997-07-08

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19930913671 Withdrawn EP0651206A4 (fr) 1993-05-19 1993-05-19 Dispositif d'allumage.

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EP (1) EP0651206A4 (fr)
WO (1) WO1994027091A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101871751A (zh) * 2010-06-04 2010-10-27 武汉人天包装技术有限公司 民爆行业导爆管喷码及视觉自动检测装置
DE102010029578A1 (de) 2010-06-01 2011-12-01 BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH Kältegerät mit innen liegendem Verdampfer

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU490160B2 (en) * 1975-06-18 1976-12-23 Pruzansky Kcmpressorny Zavod Gas burner
US4732093A (en) * 1986-02-11 1988-03-22 J. R. Tucker And Associates Annular nozzle burner and method of operation
US5083917A (en) * 1990-05-15 1992-01-28 Cat Eye Co., Ltd. Single port inshot target burner

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1356255A (en) * 1970-07-02 1974-06-12 Radiation Ltd Gas appliance and ignition jet therefor
US4285664A (en) * 1979-04-02 1981-08-25 Voorheis James T Burner for a plurality of fluid streams
SU1121547A1 (ru) * 1983-04-01 1984-10-30 Институт высоких температур АН СССР Запальное устройство
SU1252617A1 (ru) * 1985-03-26 1986-08-23 Харьковский Ордена Ленина Авиационный Институт Им.Н.Е.Жуковского Запальное устройство
SU1373981A1 (ru) * 1986-08-20 1988-02-15 Научно-Производственное Объединение По Автоматизации Горнорудных,Металлургических Предприятий И Энергетических Объектов Черной Металлургии "Днепрчерметавтоматика" Электрозапальное устройство

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU490160B2 (en) * 1975-06-18 1976-12-23 Pruzansky Kcmpressorny Zavod Gas burner
US4732093A (en) * 1986-02-11 1988-03-22 J. R. Tucker And Associates Annular nozzle burner and method of operation
US5083917A (en) * 1990-05-15 1992-01-28 Cat Eye Co., Ltd. Single port inshot target burner

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
DATABASE WPI Section PQ, Week 8519 Derwent Publications Ltd., London, GB; Class Q73, AN 85-115377 XP002033793 & SU 1 121 547 A (AS USSR HIGH TEMP) , 30 October 1984 *
See also references of WO9427091A1 *

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102010029578A1 (de) 2010-06-01 2011-12-01 BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH Kältegerät mit innen liegendem Verdampfer
EP2392875A2 (fr) 2010-06-01 2011-12-07 BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH Appareil frigorifique doté d'un évaporateur posé à l'intérieur
CN101871751A (zh) * 2010-06-04 2010-10-27 武汉人天包装技术有限公司 民爆行业导爆管喷码及视觉自动检测装置
CN101871751B (zh) * 2010-06-04 2012-12-26 武汉人天包装技术有限公司 民爆行业导爆管喷码及视觉自动检测装置

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EP0651206A4 (fr) 1997-07-08
WO1994027091A1 (fr) 1994-11-24

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