EP0650764A1 - Spray device - Google Patents

Spray device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0650764A1
EP0650764A1 EP94402473A EP94402473A EP0650764A1 EP 0650764 A1 EP0650764 A1 EP 0650764A1 EP 94402473 A EP94402473 A EP 94402473A EP 94402473 A EP94402473 A EP 94402473A EP 0650764 A1 EP0650764 A1 EP 0650764A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sleeve
core
internal
face
external element
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP94402473A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0650764B1 (en
Inventor
Jean-Louis Bougamont
Pierre Dumont
Hervé Lompech
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
S O F A B
Silgan Dispensing Systems Le Treport SAS
Original Assignee
S O F A B
Sofab SA
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Publication date
Application filed by S O F A B, Sofab SA filed Critical S O F A B
Publication of EP0650764A1 publication Critical patent/EP0650764A1/en
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Publication of EP0650764B1 publication Critical patent/EP0650764B1/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B1/00—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
    • B05B1/34—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl
    • B05B1/3405—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl
    • B05B1/341—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl before discharging the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. in a swirl chamber upstream the spray outlet
    • B05B1/3421—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl before discharging the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. in a swirl chamber upstream the spray outlet with channels emerging substantially tangentially in the swirl chamber
    • B05B1/3431—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl before discharging the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. in a swirl chamber upstream the spray outlet with channels emerging substantially tangentially in the swirl chamber the channels being formed at the interface of cooperating elements, e.g. by means of grooves
    • B05B1/3436—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl before discharging the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. in a swirl chamber upstream the spray outlet with channels emerging substantially tangentially in the swirl chamber the channels being formed at the interface of cooperating elements, e.g. by means of grooves the interface being a plane perpendicular to the outlet axis

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a spraying device.
  • the fluids and in particular the liquids are taken from the tank and then sprayed in the form of a mist of micro droplets after dispersion at the level of a head comprising an expansion chamber where the dispenser orifice opens out and which communicates by minus an exhaust pipe with a nozzle.
  • the nozzle consists of an insert which is generally in the form of a cup with a central orifice and which is mounted on the head.
  • This nozzle defines with the elements of the head on which it rests, a network of vortex channels.
  • the assembly faults are mainly due to a bad positioning of the nozzle which is not caught nor compensated by the corresponding elements of the head because of their rigidity and their irremovable nature.
  • the present invention aims to solve this technical problem satisfactorily.
  • a spraying device intended to be mounted on a fluid distributor connected to a reservoir; of the type comprising a head provided with an expansion chamber into which the ejection orifice of said distributor opens; and which communicates by at least one discharge conduit with a nozzle, characterized in that said nozzle consists of an articulated internal element which is at least partially housed in the discharge conduit and of an external element fixed in support tight against said internal element to define, between their respective surfaces in contact, a network of vortex channels communicating with the discharge pipe and opening to the outside through a spray orifice formed through the external element.
  • said articulated internal element comprises a central core and a peripheral sleeve disposed coaxially and delimiting between them a distribution enclosure inside the evacuation duct, said core and sleeve being connected by at least one deformable transverse fin. resiliently to allow relative movement of said core by bearing contact of said external element.
  • said peripheral sleeve consists of a cylindrical front part extending towards the rear by an annular radial shoulder which comes to bear in a corresponding recess formed in the internal wall of the evacuation duct while said central core has a front end provided with a contact face with the external element which extends in a plane substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the internal element and a rear end with a tapered or rounded profile.
  • the external element comprises a cylindrical internal housing adapted to receive the front part of said sleeve; the side wall of said housing terminating towards the rear by a fixing flange on the internal wall of the evacuation duct which abuts against the radial shoulder of said sleeve of the internal element.
  • said external element is formed of a cup, the flat rear face of which comes into bearing contact against the respective front faces of the core and of the sleeve.
  • the sleeve of the internal element is made in one piece with the head and in this case, the fins are provided at the rear of the core and are merged with the wall of the expansion chamber. .
  • said network of vortex channels is delimited on the one hand by the front and rear faces respectively of the internal element and the external element and, on the other hand, by an axial ring interspersed with grooves produced on the front face of the core of the internal element or on the rear face of the element external.
  • Said crown forms a spacer or a contact stop between the internal element and the external element and borders a central cavity supplied from the discharge duct by said grooves and which opens directly to the outside through the orifice spray.
  • said grooves cross tangentially said crown so as to produce turbulence in said central cavity.
  • said axial ring is produced on the front face of said core of the internal element and the bottom of the central cavity is located in the plane containing the front edge of said sleeve.
  • said axial ring is produced on the rear face of said external element.
  • the length of the core is greater than that of the sleeve so that its rear end protrudes inside the evacuation duct in the direction of the expansion chamber.
  • the quality of the spraying (orientation, homogeneity, etc.) is significantly improved since the swirling and turbulent movements of the fluids are no longer disturbed.
  • the path traveled by the fluids between the dispenser ejection orifice and the spray orifice is thus more confined, which makes it possible to obtain a homogeneous and more balanced supply of the grooves and the central cavity without causing loss of charge.
  • the internal and external elements constituting the device of the invention are very easy to produce according to. traditional processes. Their assembly with the head is very simple and without risk of error or defect.
  • the spraying device of the invention as shown in the figures is intended to be mounted on a pump connected to a liquid reservoir (not shown).
  • the embodiment shown in Figure 1 comprises a head 1 adapted to cap the tank and provided with an expansion chamber 10 into which opens the ejection orifice of the pump.
  • the expansion chamber 10 communicates by at least one discharge duct 11 with a spray nozzle 2.
  • Manual pressure on the upper face of the head 1 causes the emission from the nozzle of a mist in the form of a jet of sprayed micro droplets.
  • the nozzle 2 consists of an internal element 21 and an external element 22.
  • the internal element 21 is at least partially housed in the duct 11.
  • the external element 22 is fixed in sealed abutment against the internal element 21 at the outlet of the circuit 11, to define between their respective surfaces in contact, a network of vortex channels which communicates with the conduit 11 and which opens to the outside by a spray orifice 220 formed through the internal element 21.
  • the external element 22 is provided with a front face 22a in the form of a deflector with a predetermined angular opening as a function of the orientation sought for the jet.
  • This orientation also depends on the geometry of the channels and that of the spray orifice 220.
  • the internal element 21 is articulated so as to ensure correct plating of the external element 22 and thus guarantee assembly without leakage at the level of the vortex channels.
  • the internal element 21 comprises a central core 211 and a peripheral sleeve 212 disposed coaxially with respect to the core 211.
  • the sleeve 212 is at least partially cylindrical and surrounds the core 211 at a distance so as to delimit between them a distribution enclosure 110 of annular section inside the evacuation duct 11.
  • the core 211 and the sleeve 212 are connected by at least one and, preferably, three transverse fins 210 (see also Figures 2a and 2b).
  • the fins 210 are elastically deformable so as to form a joint allowing relative movement of the core 211 relative to the sleeve 212.
  • the sleeve 212 remains stationary while being secured to the internal wall of the duct 11.
  • the movement of the core 211 is of small amplitude and makes it possible to compensate for any misalignment in the plating of the external element 22 or to make up for a manufacturing defect.
  • the three fins connect symmetrically (at 120 ° angular intervals) to the respective front parts of the core 211 and of the sleeve 212.
  • the core 211 therefore produces, in combination with the fins 210, a spring effect which gives flexibility to the assembly and avoids pressure losses in the channels.
  • the peripheral sleeve 212 as shown in FIGS. 2a and 2b consists of a cylindrical front part 212a extending towards the rear by an annular radial shoulder 212b.
  • the radial shoulder 212b comes into wedging support in a corresponding recess 111, forming a stop, which is formed in the internal wall of the duct 11.
  • the internal face of the shoulder 212b has a frustoconical profile which converges in the duct 11, the liquid flows coming from the expansion chamber 10 towards the distribution enclosure 110.
  • the communication passage 112 between the duct 11 and the chamber 10 is produced with a divergent profile.
  • central core 212 has a cylindrical-conical profile with a tapered and / or convex rear end 211b.
  • the length of the core is greater than that of the sleeve 212 so that its rear end 211b projects inside the passage 112 in the direction of the chamber 10 to divide the flows. from the distributor.
  • the front end 211a of the core 211 is provided with a contact face with the external element 22. This contact face extends in a plane substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis X common to the internal element 21, with the external element 22 and the conduit 11.
  • the external element as shown in FIGS. 3a and 3b comprises a cylindrical internal housing 221 adapted to receive the front part 212a of the sleeve 212.
  • the external face of the front part 212a of the sleeve 212 tightly hugs the internal face of the housing 221 of the external element 21.
  • the side wall of the housing 221 ends rearwardly with a fixing flange 222 which allows the snap behind a rod 113 formed on the internal wall of the conduit 11 or in the absence of rod, direct anchoring in the wall internal of said duct 11.
  • the flange 222 abuts rearwardly against the shoulder 212b of the sleeve 212.
  • the network of vortex channels is delimited on the one hand by the front 211a and rear 22b faces of the internal element 21 and the external element 22 respectively, and, on the other hand part, by a crown 20 of axis X, intersected by grooves 200.
  • the crown 20 is produced on the front face 211a of the core 211 (FIG. 5b) or else on the rear face 22b of the external element 22 (FIG. 3a) .
  • the crown 20 thus forms a spacer or contact stop between the internal element 21 and the external element 22 and borders a central cavity 12 supplied from the conduit 11 and more precisely from the distribution enclosure 110 by the grooves 200.
  • the central cavity 12 opens directly to the outside through the orifice 220 for spraying.
  • the conduit 11 and the enclosure 110 communicate with the central cavity 12 through the peripheral passages located between the fins 210, which increases the turbulence of the flows.
  • the grooves 200 cross the side of the crown 20 in predetermined directions so as to establish a turbulent and vortex regime inside the cavity 12.
  • the inclination of the grooves is such that they are tangent to the internal periphery of the crown 20 ..
  • the crown 20 is produced on the front face 211a of the core 211 and the bottom of the central cavity 12 is located in the plane containing the front edge 212a of the sleeve 212.
  • the front face 211a of the core projects at rest relative to the front edge 212a but it is pressed in by elastic deformation of the fins 210 when the external element 22 is pressed.
  • the external element 22 is formed of a cup whose front face is concave and the flat rear face comes into bearing contact both against the respective front faces of the core 211 and of the sleeve 212.
  • This cup is retained by snap-fastening of its free edge behind a rod 113 ′ produced on the internal wall of the duct 11.
  • the external element 22 is in the form of a cup as in FIG. 4 and the sleeve of the internal element 21 is produced in one piece with the head 1.
  • the fins 210 are then provided at the rear of the core 211 and are merged with the wall of the expansion chamber 10 while the crown 20 is formed on the front face 211a of the core 211.
  • the wall separating the chamber 10 from the duct 11 is, for example, perforated to define the fins 210 and the wall deforms elastically when the core 211 is pushed in.

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  • Nozzles (AREA)
  • Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
  • Formation And Processing Of Food Products (AREA)
  • Soil Working Implements (AREA)
  • Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
  • Containers And Packaging Bodies Having A Special Means To Remove Contents (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a spray device intended to be mounted on a fluid dispenser connected to a reservoir; of the type comprising a head (1) provided with an expansion chamber (10) into which emerges the ejection orifice of the said dispenser; and which communicates via at least one outlet conduit (11) with a nozzle (2). According to the invention, the said nozzle consists of an articulated internal element (21) which is, at least partially, housed in the outlet conduit (11) and of an external element (22) fixed so as to bear in a sealed manner against the said internal element (21) in order to define, between their respective surfaces in contact, a system of swirling (turbulence-creating) channels communicating with the outlet conduit (11) and emerging on the outside via a spray orifice (220) made through the external element (22). <IMAGE>

Description

La présente invention concerne un dispositif de pulvérisation.The present invention relates to a spraying device.

Il existe déjà des dispositifs de pulvérisation traditionnels sous forme de bouton poussoir qui sont destinés à être montés sur des distributeurs de fluides (pompes, valves..) raccordés à des réservoirs .There are already traditional spraying devices in the form of a push button which are intended to be mounted on fluid distributors (pumps, valves, etc.) connected to tanks.

Les fluides et notamment les liquides sont prélevés dans le réservoir puis pulvérisés sous forme d'un brouillard de micro gouttelettes après dispersion au niveau d'une tête comprenant une chambre de détente où débouche l'orifice d'éjection du distributeur et qui communique par au moins un conduit d'évacuation avec une buse.The fluids and in particular the liquids are taken from the tank and then sprayed in the form of a mist of micro droplets after dispersion at the level of a head comprising an expansion chamber where the dispenser orifice opens out and which communicates by minus an exhaust pipe with a nozzle.

La buse est constituée d'une pièce rapportée qui est généralement en forme de coupelle avec un orifice central et qui est montée sur la tête.The nozzle consists of an insert which is generally in the form of a cup with a central orifice and which is mounted on the head.

Cette buse définit avec les éléments de la tête sur lesquels elle s'appuie, un réseau de canaux tourbillonnaires.This nozzle defines with the elements of the head on which it rests, a network of vortex channels.

Or, il arrive fréquemment que l'assemblage de la buse et de la tête soit défectueux et que par suite le réseau de canaux comporte des fuites entraînant des pertes de charge ou des détériorations des caractéristiques du brouillard pulvérisé (asymétrie de la projection, jets directs, augmentation et dispersion de la taille des micro gouttelettes).However, it frequently happens that the assembly of the nozzle and the head is defective and that as a result the network of channels has leaks leading to pressure drops or deterioration of the characteristics of the spray mist (asymmetry of the projection, direct jets , increase and dispersion of the size of micro droplets).

Les défauts de l'assemblage sont principalement dus à un mauvais positionnement de la buse qui n'est pas rattrapé ni compensé par les éléments correspondants de la tête en raison de leur rigidité et de leur caractère inamovible.The assembly faults are mainly due to a bad positioning of the nozzle which is not caught nor compensated by the corresponding elements of the head because of their rigidity and their irremovable nature.

La présente invention a pour but de résoudre ce problème technique de manière satisfaisante.The present invention aims to solve this technical problem satisfactorily.

Ce but est atteint conformément à l'invention au moyen d'un dispositif de pulvérisation destiné à être monté sur un distributeur de fluides raccordé à un réservoir ; du type comprenant une tête pourvue d'une chambre de détente dans laquelle débouche l'orifice d'éjection dudit distributeur ; et qui communique par au moins un conduit d'évacuation avec une buse, caractérisé en ce que ladite buse est constituée d'un élément interne articulé qui est au moins partiellement logé dans le conduit d'évacuation et d'un élément externe fixé en appui étanche contre ledit élément interne pour définir entre leurs surfaces respectives en contact un réseau de canaux tourbillonnaires communiquant avec le conduit d'évacuation et débouchant à l'extérieur par un orifice de pulvérisation ménagé au travers de l'élément externe.This object is achieved in accordance with the invention by means of a spraying device intended to be mounted on a fluid distributor connected to a reservoir; of the type comprising a head provided with an expansion chamber into which the ejection orifice of said distributor opens; and which communicates by at least one discharge conduit with a nozzle, characterized in that said nozzle consists of an articulated internal element which is at least partially housed in the discharge conduit and of an external element fixed in support tight against said internal element to define, between their respective surfaces in contact, a network of vortex channels communicating with the discharge pipe and opening to the outside through a spray orifice formed through the external element.

Selon une caractéristique avantageuse, ledit élément interne articulé comprend un noyau central et un manchon périphérique disposé coaxialement et délimitant entre eux une enceinte de distribution à l'intérieur du conduit d'évacuation, lesdits noyau et manchon étant reliés par au moins une ailette transversale déformable de façon élastique pour permettre un débattement relatif dudit noyau par contact d'appui dudit élément externe.According to an advantageous characteristic, said articulated internal element comprises a central core and a peripheral sleeve disposed coaxially and delimiting between them a distribution enclosure inside the evacuation duct, said core and sleeve being connected by at least one deformable transverse fin. resiliently to allow relative movement of said core by bearing contact of said external element.

Selon un premier mode de réalisation, ledit manchon périphérique est constitué d'une partie avant cylindrique se prolongeant vers l'arrière par un épaulement radial annulaire qui vient en appui dans un évidement correspondant ménagé dans la paroi interne du conduit d'évacuation tandis que ledit noyau central comporte une extrémité avant pourvue d'une face de contact avec l'élément externe qui s'étend dans un plan sensiblement perpendiculaire à l'axe longitudinal de l'élément interne et une extrémité arrière à profil effilé ou arrondi.According to a first embodiment, said peripheral sleeve consists of a cylindrical front part extending towards the rear by an annular radial shoulder which comes to bear in a corresponding recess formed in the internal wall of the evacuation duct while said central core has a front end provided with a contact face with the external element which extends in a plane substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the internal element and a rear end with a tapered or rounded profile.

Dans ces conditions, l'élément externe comporte un logement interne cylindrique adapté pour recevoir la partie avant dudit manchon; la paroi latérale dudit logement se terminant vers l'arrière par une collerette de fixation sur la paroi interne du conduit d'évacuation qui vient en butée contre l'épaulement radial dudit manchon de l'élément interne.Under these conditions, the external element comprises a cylindrical internal housing adapted to receive the front part of said sleeve; the side wall of said housing terminating towards the rear by a fixing flange on the internal wall of the evacuation duct which abuts against the radial shoulder of said sleeve of the internal element.

Selon un second mode de réalisation de l'invention, ledit élément externe est formé d'une coupelle dont la face arrière plane vient en contact d'appui contre les faces avant respectives du noyau et du manchon.According to a second embodiment of the invention, said external element is formed of a cup, the flat rear face of which comes into bearing contact against the respective front faces of the core and of the sleeve.

Selon un troisième mode de réalisation, le manchon de l'élément interne est réalisé d'une seule pièce avec la tête et dans ce cas, les ailettes sont prévues à l'arrière du noyau et sont confondues avec la paroi de la chambre de détente.According to a third embodiment, the sleeve of the internal element is made in one piece with the head and in this case, the fins are provided at the rear of the core and are merged with the wall of the expansion chamber. .

Selon une autre caractéristique, ledit réseau de canaux tourbillonnaires est délimité d'une part par les faces avant et arrière respectivement de l'élément interne et de l'élément externe et, d'autre part, par une couronne axiale entrecoupée de gorges réalisée sur la face avant du noyau de l'élément interne ou sur la face arrière de l'élément externe. La dite couronne forme une entretoise ou une butée de contact entre l'élément interne et l'élément externe et borde une cavité centrale alimentée à partir du conduit d'évacuation par lesdites gorges et qui débouche directement à l'extérieur par l'orifice de pulvérisation.According to another characteristic, said network of vortex channels is delimited on the one hand by the front and rear faces respectively of the internal element and the external element and, on the other hand, by an axial ring interspersed with grooves produced on the front face of the core of the internal element or on the rear face of the element external. Said crown forms a spacer or a contact stop between the internal element and the external element and borders a central cavity supplied from the discharge duct by said grooves and which opens directly to the outside through the orifice spray.

De plus, lesdites gorges traversent de façon tangentielle ladite couronne de façon à produire des turbulences dans ladite cavité centrale.In addition, said grooves cross tangentially said crown so as to produce turbulence in said central cavity.

Selon une première variante, ladite couronne axiale est réalisée sur la face avant dudit noyau de l'élément interne et le fond de la cavité centrale est situé dans le plan contenant le bord avant dudit manchon.According to a first variant, said axial ring is produced on the front face of said core of the internal element and the bottom of the central cavity is located in the plane containing the front edge of said sleeve.

Selon une autre variante, ladite couronne axiale est réalisée sur la face arrière dudit élément externe.According to another variant, said axial ring is produced on the rear face of said external element.

De préférence, la longueur du noyau est supérieure à celle du manchon de telle sorte que son extrémité arrière fait saillie à l'intérieur du conduit d'évacuation en direction de la chambre de détente.Preferably, the length of the core is greater than that of the sleeve so that its rear end protrudes inside the evacuation duct in the direction of the expansion chamber.

Grâce à l'invention, la qualité de la pulvérisation (orientation, homogénéité...) est améliorée de façon importante puisque les mouvements tourbillonnaires et turbulents des fluides ne sont plus perturbés.Thanks to the invention, the quality of the spraying (orientation, homogeneity, etc.) is significantly improved since the swirling and turbulent movements of the fluids are no longer disturbed.

Le chemin parcouru par les fluides entre l'orifice d'éjection du distributeur et l'orifice de pulvérisation est ainsi plus confiné, ce qui permet d'obtenir une alimentation homogène et plus équilibrée des gorges et de la cavité centrale sans provoquer de perte de charge.The path traveled by the fluids between the dispenser ejection orifice and the spray orifice is thus more confined, which makes it possible to obtain a homogeneous and more balanced supply of the grooves and the central cavity without causing loss of charge.

Les éléments interne et externe constitutifs du dispositif de l'invention sont très faciles à réaliser selon des. procédés traditionnels. Leur assemblage avec la tête est très simple et sans risque d'erreur ou de défaut.The internal and external elements constituting the device of the invention are very easy to produce according to. traditional processes. Their assembly with the head is very simple and without risk of error or defect.

L'invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description qui va suivre accompagnée des dessins sur lesquels :

  • la figure 1 représente une vue en coupe d'un premier mode de réalisation du dispositif de pulvérisation selon l'invention ;
  • les figures 2a et 2b représentent respectivement des vues en coupe et de face du premier mode de réalisation de l'élément interne de la buse selon l'invention;
  • les figures 3a et 3b représentent respectivement des vues en coupe et de face du premier mode de réalisation de l'élément externe de la buse selon l'invention;
  • la figure 4 représente une vue en coupe d'un second mode de réalisation du dispositif de l'invention ;
  • les figures 5a et 5b représentent respectivement des vues en coupe et de face de l'élément interne de la buse selon l'invention ; et,
  • les figures 6a et 6b représentent respectivement des vues en coupe transversale et selon AA d'un troisième mode de réalisation de l'invention.
The invention will be better understood on reading the description which follows, accompanied by the drawings in which:
  • Figure 1 shows a sectional view of a first embodiment of the spraying device according to the invention;
  • Figures 2a and 2b respectively show sectional and front views of the first embodiment of the internal element of the nozzle according to the invention;
  • Figures 3a and 3b respectively show sectional and front views of the first embodiment of the external element of the nozzle according to the invention;
  • Figure 4 shows a sectional view of a second embodiment of the device of the invention;
  • Figures 5a and 5b respectively show sectional and front views of the internal element of the nozzle according to the invention; and,
  • Figures 6a and 6b respectively show cross-sectional views and according to AA of a third embodiment of the invention.

Le dispositif de pulvérisation de l'invention tel que représenté sur les figures est destiné à être monté sur une pompe raccordée à un réservoir de liquide (non représentés).The spraying device of the invention as shown in the figures is intended to be mounted on a pump connected to a liquid reservoir (not shown).

Le mode de réalisation représenté sur la figure 1 comprend une tête 1 adaptée pour coiffer le réservoir et pourvue d'une chambre de détente 10 dans laquelle débouche l'orifice d'éjection de la pompe. La chambre de détente 10 communique par au moins un conduit d'évacuation 11 avec une buse de pulvérisation 2.The embodiment shown in Figure 1 comprises a head 1 adapted to cap the tank and provided with an expansion chamber 10 into which opens the ejection orifice of the pump. The expansion chamber 10 communicates by at least one discharge duct 11 with a spray nozzle 2.

Une pression manuelle sur la face supérieure de la tête 1 provoque l'émission à partir de la buse d'un brouillard sous forme d'un jet de micro gouttelettes pulvérisées.Manual pressure on the upper face of the head 1 causes the emission from the nozzle of a mist in the form of a jet of sprayed micro droplets.

La buse 2 est constituée d'un élément interne 21 et d'un élément externe 22.The nozzle 2 consists of an internal element 21 and an external element 22.

L'élément interne 21 est au moins partiellement logé dans le conduit 11.The internal element 21 is at least partially housed in the duct 11.

L'élément externe 22 est fixé en appui étanche contre l'élément interne 21 au débouché du circuit 11, pour définir entre leurs surfaces respectives en contact, un réseau de canaux tourbillonnaires qui communique avec le conduit 11 et qui débouche à l'extérieur par un orifice de pulvérisation 220 ménagé au travers de l'élément interne 21.The external element 22 is fixed in sealed abutment against the internal element 21 at the outlet of the circuit 11, to define between their respective surfaces in contact, a network of vortex channels which communicates with the conduit 11 and which opens to the outside by a spray orifice 220 formed through the internal element 21.

L'élément externe 22 est pourvu d'une face avant 22a en forme de déflecteur avec une ouverture angulaire prédéterminée en fonction de l'orientation recherchée pour le jet.The external element 22 is provided with a front face 22a in the form of a deflector with a predetermined angular opening as a function of the orientation sought for the jet.

Cette orientation dépend également de la géométrie des canaux et de celle de l'orifice de pulvérisation 220.This orientation also depends on the geometry of the channels and that of the spray orifice 220.

L'élément interne 21 est articulé de façon à assurer un placage correct de l'élément externe 22 et de garantir ainsi un assemblage sans fuite au niveau des canaux tourbillonnaires.The internal element 21 is articulated so as to ensure correct plating of the external element 22 and thus guarantee assembly without leakage at the level of the vortex channels.

A cet effet, l'élément interne 21 comprend un noyau central 211 et un manchon périphérique 212 disposé coaxialement par rapport au noyau 211.To this end, the internal element 21 comprises a central core 211 and a peripheral sleeve 212 disposed coaxially with respect to the core 211.

Le manchon 212 est au moins partiellement cylindrique et entoure le noyau 211 à distance de façon à délimiter entre eux une enceinte de distribution 110 de section annulaire à l'intérieur du conduit d'évacuation 11.The sleeve 212 is at least partially cylindrical and surrounds the core 211 at a distance so as to delimit between them a distribution enclosure 110 of annular section inside the evacuation duct 11.

Le noyau 211 et le manchon 212 sont reliés par au moins une et, de préférence, trois ailettes transversales 210 (voir aussi figures 2a et 2b). Les ailettes 210 sont déformables de façon élastique de façon à former une articulation permettant un débattement relatif du noyau 211 par rapport au manchon 212.The core 211 and the sleeve 212 are connected by at least one and, preferably, three transverse fins 210 (see also Figures 2a and 2b). The fins 210 are elastically deformable so as to form a joint allowing relative movement of the core 211 relative to the sleeve 212.

Le manchon 212 reste immobile en étant solidarisé avec la paroi interne du conduit 11.The sleeve 212 remains stationary while being secured to the internal wall of the duct 11.

Le débattement du noyau 211 est de faible amplitude et permet de compenser un éventuel défaut d'alignement au placage de l'élément externe 22 ou de rattraper un défaut de fabrication.The movement of the core 211 is of small amplitude and makes it possible to compensate for any misalignment in the plating of the external element 22 or to make up for a manufacturing defect.

Les trois ailettes relient symétriquement (à intervalles angulaires de 120°) les parties avant respectives du noyau 211 et du manchon 212.The three fins connect symmetrically (at 120 ° angular intervals) to the respective front parts of the core 211 and of the sleeve 212.

Le noyau 211 produit donc en combinaison avec les ailettes 210 un effet ressort qui donne une souplesse à l'assemblage et évite les pertes de charge dans les canaux.The core 211 therefore produces, in combination with the fins 210, a spring effect which gives flexibility to the assembly and avoids pressure losses in the channels.

Le manchon périphérique 212 tel que représenté sur les figures 2a et 2b est constitué d'une partie avant cylindrique 212a se prolongeant vers l'arrière par un épaulement radial annulaire 212b.The peripheral sleeve 212 as shown in FIGS. 2a and 2b consists of a cylindrical front part 212a extending towards the rear by an annular radial shoulder 212b.

L'épaulement radial 212b vient en appui de calage dans un évidement 111 correspondant, formant butée, qui est ménagé dans la paroi interne du conduit 11.The radial shoulder 212b comes into wedging support in a corresponding recess 111, forming a stop, which is formed in the internal wall of the duct 11.

La face interne de l'épaulement 212b a un profil tronconique qui fait converger dans le conduit 11, les flux de liquide en provenance de la chambre de détente 10 vers l'enceinte de distribution 110.The internal face of the shoulder 212b has a frustoconical profile which converges in the duct 11, the liquid flows coming from the expansion chamber 10 towards the distribution enclosure 110.

Pour favoriser ce phénomène, le passage 112 de communication entre le conduit 11 et la chambre 10 est réalisé avec un profil divergent.To promote this phenomenon, the communication passage 112 between the duct 11 and the chamber 10 is produced with a divergent profile.

De plus, le noyau central 212 a un profil cylindro-conique avec une extrémité arrière 211b effilée et/ou convexe.In addition, the central core 212 has a cylindrical-conical profile with a tapered and / or convex rear end 211b.

La longueur du noyau est supérieure à celle du manchon 212 de telle sorte que son extrémité arrière 211b fasse saillie à l'intérieur du passage 112 en direction de la chambre 10 pour diviser les flux. en provenance du distributeur. L'extrémité avant 211a du noyau 211 est pourvue d'une face de contact avec l'élément externe 22. Cette face de contact s'étend dans un plan sensiblement perpendiculaire à l'axe longitudinal X commun à l'élément interne 21, à l'élément externe 22 et au conduit 11.The length of the core is greater than that of the sleeve 212 so that its rear end 211b projects inside the passage 112 in the direction of the chamber 10 to divide the flows. from the distributor. The front end 211a of the core 211 is provided with a contact face with the external element 22. This contact face extends in a plane substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis X common to the internal element 21, with the external element 22 and the conduit 11.

L'élément externe tel que représenté sur les figures 3a et 3b comporte un logement interne cylindrique 221 adapté pour recevoir la partie avant 212a du manchon 212. La face externe de la partie avant 212a du manchon 212 épouse de manière étanche la face interne du logement 221 de l'élément externe 21.The external element as shown in FIGS. 3a and 3b comprises a cylindrical internal housing 221 adapted to receive the front part 212a of the sleeve 212. The external face of the front part 212a of the sleeve 212 tightly hugs the internal face of the housing 221 of the external element 21.

La paroi latérale du logement 221 se termine vers l'arrière par une collerette 222 de fixation qui permet l'encliquetage derrière un jonc 113 réalisé sur la paroi interne du conduit 11 ou en l'absence de jonc, l'ancrage direct dans la paroi interne dudit conduit 11. La collerette 222 vient en butée vers l'arrière contre l'épaulement 212b du manchon 212.The side wall of the housing 221 ends rearwardly with a fixing flange 222 which allows the snap behind a rod 113 formed on the internal wall of the conduit 11 or in the absence of rod, direct anchoring in the wall internal of said duct 11. The flange 222 abuts rearwardly against the shoulder 212b of the sleeve 212.

Comme représenté sur les figures 3a, 3b et 5a, 5b le réseau de canaux tourbillonnaires est délimité d'une part par les faces avant 211a et arrière 22b respectivement de l'élément interne 21 et de l'élément externe 22 et, d'autre part, par une couronne 20 d'axe X, entrecoupée de gorges 200. La couronne 20 est réalisée sur la face avant 211a du noyau 211 (figure 5b) ou bien sur la face arrière 22b de l'élément externe 22 (figure 3a). La couronne 20 forme ainsi une entretoise ou butée de contact entre l'élément interne 21 et l'élément externe 22 et borde une cavité centrale 12 alimentée à partir du conduit 11 et plus précisément à partir de l'enceinte de distribution 110 par les gorges 200. La cavité centrale 12 débouche directement à l'extérieur par l'orifice 220 de pulvérisation.As shown in FIGS. 3a, 3b and 5a, 5b the network of vortex channels is delimited on the one hand by the front 211a and rear 22b faces of the internal element 21 and the external element 22 respectively, and, on the other hand part, by a crown 20 of axis X, intersected by grooves 200. The crown 20 is produced on the front face 211a of the core 211 (FIG. 5b) or else on the rear face 22b of the external element 22 (FIG. 3a) . The crown 20 thus forms a spacer or contact stop between the internal element 21 and the external element 22 and borders a central cavity 12 supplied from the conduit 11 and more precisely from the distribution enclosure 110 by the grooves 200. The central cavity 12 opens directly to the outside through the orifice 220 for spraying.

Le conduit 11 et l'enceinte 110 communiquent avec la cavité centrale 12 par le biais des passages périphériques situés entre les ailettes 210, ce qui augmente la turbulence des flux.The conduit 11 and the enclosure 110 communicate with the central cavity 12 through the peripheral passages located between the fins 210, which increases the turbulence of the flows.

Les gorges 200 traversent le flanc de la couronne 20 selon des directions prédéterminées de façon à établir un régime turbulent et tourbillonnaire à l'intérieur de la cavité 12.The grooves 200 cross the side of the crown 20 in predetermined directions so as to establish a turbulent and vortex regime inside the cavity 12.

De préférence, l'inclinaison des gorges est telle qu'elles sont tangentes au pourtour interne de la couronne 20..Preferably, the inclination of the grooves is such that they are tangent to the internal periphery of the crown 20 ..

Sur les figures 4, 5a et 5b la couronne 20 est réalisée sur la face avant 211a du noyau 211 et le fond de la cavité centrale 12 est situé dans le plan contenant le bord avant 212a du manchon 212.In FIGS. 4, 5a and 5b the crown 20 is produced on the front face 211a of the core 211 and the bottom of the central cavity 12 is located in the plane containing the front edge 212a of the sleeve 212.

De cette façon, la face avant 211a du noyau fait saillie au repos par rapport au bord avant 212a mais elle est enfoncée par déformation élastique des ailettes 210 lors de la mise en appui de l'élément externe 22.In this way, the front face 211a of the core projects at rest relative to the front edge 212a but it is pressed in by elastic deformation of the fins 210 when the external element 22 is pressed.

Sur la figure 4, l'élément externe 22 est formé d'une coupelle dont la face avant est concave et la face arrière plane vient en contact d'appui à la fois contre les faces avant respectives du noyau 211 et du manchon 212.In FIG. 4, the external element 22 is formed of a cup whose front face is concave and the flat rear face comes into bearing contact both against the respective front faces of the core 211 and of the sleeve 212.

Cette coupelle est retenue par encliquetage de son bord libre derrière un jonc 113' réalisé sur la paroi interne du conduit 11.This cup is retained by snap-fastening of its free edge behind a rod 113 ′ produced on the internal wall of the duct 11.

Dans le mode de réalisation des figures 6a et 6b, l'élément externe 22 est en forme de coupelle comme sur la figure 4 et le manchon de l'élément interne 21 est réalisé d'une seule pièce avec la tête 1.In the embodiment of FIGS. 6a and 6b, the external element 22 is in the form of a cup as in FIG. 4 and the sleeve of the internal element 21 is produced in one piece with the head 1.

Les ailettes 210 sont alors prévues à l'arrière du noyau 211 et sont confondues avec la paroi de la chambre de détente 10 tandis que la couronne 20 est réalisée sur la face avant 211a du noyau 211.The fins 210 are then provided at the rear of the core 211 and are merged with the wall of the expansion chamber 10 while the crown 20 is formed on the front face 211a of the core 211.

La paroi séparant la chambre 10 du conduit 11 est, par exemple, ajourée pour définir les ailettes 210 et la paroi se déforme élastiquement lors de l'enfoncement du noyau 211.The wall separating the chamber 10 from the duct 11 is, for example, perforated to define the fins 210 and the wall deforms elastically when the core 211 is pushed in.

Claims (22)

Dispositif de pulvérisation destiné à être monté sur un distributeur de fluides raccordé à un réservoir du type comprenant une tête (1) pourvue d'une chambre de détente (10) dans laquelle débouche l'orifice d'éjection dudit distributeur ; et qui communique par au moins un conduit d'évacuation (11) avec une buse (2),
   caractérisé en ce que ladite buse est constituée d'une part d'un élément interne articulé (21) articulé, qui est au moins partiellement logé dans le conduit d'évacuation (11) et qui comprend un noyau central (211) et un manchon périphérique (212) disposé coaxialement et délimitant entre eux une enceinte de distribution (110) à l'intérieur du conduit d'évacuation (11), lesdits noyau et manchon étant reliés par au moins une ailette transversale (210) déformable de façon élastique pour permettre un débattement relatif dudit noyau (211) et, d'autre part, d'un élément externe (22) fixé en appui étanche contre ledit élément interne (21) pour définir entre leurs surfaces respectives en contact un réseau de canaux tourbillonnaires communiquant avec le conduit d'évacuation (11) et débouchant à l'extérieur par un orifice de pulvérisation (220) ménagé au travers de l'élément externe (22).Spraying device intended to be mounted on a fluid distributor connected to a reservoir of the type comprising a head (1) provided with an expansion chamber (10) into which the ejection orifice of said distributor opens; and which communicates by at least one discharge duct (11) with a nozzle (2),
characterized in that said nozzle consists on the one hand of an articulated internal element (21) articulated, which is at least partially housed in the evacuation duct (11) and which comprises a central core (211) and a sleeve peripheral (212) arranged coaxially and delimiting between them a distribution enclosure (110) inside the evacuation duct (11), said core and sleeve being connected by at least one transverse fin (210) elastically deformable for allow relative displacement of said core (211) and, on the other hand, of an external element (22) fixed in sealed abutment against said internal element (21) to define between their respective surfaces in contact a network of vortex channels communicating with the discharge conduit (11) and opening to the outside through a spray orifice (220) formed through the external element (22). Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que ladite enceinte de distribution (110) a une section annulaire.Device according to claim 1, characterized in that said distribution enclosure (110) has an annular section. Dispositif selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que ledit manchon périphérique (212) est au moins partiellement cylindrique.Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that said peripheral sleeve (212) is at least partially cylindrical. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce ledit manchon périphérique (212) est constitué d'une partie avant cylindrique (212a) se prolongeant vers l'arrière par un épaulement radial annulaire (212b) qui vient en appui de calage dans un évidement (111) correspondant ménagé dans la paroi interne du conduit d'évacuation (11).Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said peripheral sleeve (212) consists of a cylindrical front part (212a) extending towards the rear by an annular radial shoulder (212b) which comes into wedging support in a corresponding recess (111) formed in the internal wall of the evacuation duct (11). Dispositif selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que la face interne de l'épaulement radial (212b) du manchon (212) est tronconique.Device according to claim 4, characterized in that the internal face of the radial shoulder (212b) of the sleeve (212) is frustoconical. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que ledit noyau central (211) est cylindro-conique.Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the said central core (211) is cylindro-conical. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que ledit noyau central (211) comporte une extrémité avant (211a) pourvue d'une face de contact avec l'élément externe (22) qui s'étend dans un plan sensiblement perpendiculaire à l'axe longitudinal (X) de l'élément interne (21) et une extrémité arrière (211b) à profil effilé et/ou convexe.Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said central core (211) has a front end (211a) provided with a contact face with the external element (22) which extends in a plane substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis (X) of the internal element (21) and a rear end (211b) with a tapered and / or convex profile. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les ailettes transversales (210) relient symétriquement les parties avant (211a,212a) respectivement du noyau (211) et du manchon (212).Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the transverse fins (210) symmetrically connect the front parts (211a, 212a) of the core (211) and of the sleeve (212) respectively. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que ledit élément externe (22) est formé d'une coupelle dont la face arrière plane vient en contact d'appui contre les faces avant respectives du noyau (211) et du manchon (212).Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said external element (22) is formed by a cup, the flat rear face of which comes into bearing contact against the respective front faces of the core (211) and of the sleeve ( 212). Dispositif selon les revendications 4 et 8, caractérisé en ce que ledit élément externe (22) comporte un logement interne cylindrique (221) adapté pour recevoir la partie avant (212a) dudit manchon (212); la paroi latérale dudit logement (221) se terminant vers l'arrière par une collerette (222) de fixation sur la paroi interne du conduit d'évacuation (11) qui vient en butée contre l'épaulement radial (212b) dudit manchon de l'élément interne (21).Device according to claims 4 and 8, characterized in that said external element (22) comprises a cylindrical internal housing (221) adapted to receive the front part (212a) of said sleeve (212); the side wall of said housing (221) ending towards the rear by a flange (222) for fixing to the internal wall of the evacuation duct (11) which abuts against the radial shoulder (212b) of said sleeve of the internal element (21). Dispositif selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce que la face externe de la partie avant (212a) du manchon de l'élément interne (21) épouse de manière étanche la face interne du logement (221) de l'élément externe (22).Device according to claim 10, characterized in that the external face of the front part (212a) of the sleeve of the internal element (21) hugs the internal face of the housing (221) of the external element (22) . Dispositif selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que ledit réseau de canaux tourbillonnaires est délimité d'une part par les faces avant et arrière respectivement de l'élément interne (21) et de l'élément externe (22) et, d'autre part, par une couronne axiale (20) entrecoupée de gorges (200) réalisée sur la face avant (211a) du noyau (211) de l'élément interne (21) ou sur la face arrière de l'élément externe (22).Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the said network of vortex channels is delimited on the one hand by the front and rear faces respectively of the internal element (21) and the external element (22) and, on the other hand, by an axial ring (20) interspersed with grooves (200) produced on the front face (211a) of the core (211) of the internal element (21) or on the rear face of the external element ( 22). Dispositif selon la revendication 12, caractérisé en ce que ladite couronne (20) forme une butée de contact entre l'élément interne (21) et l'élément externe (22) et borde une cavité centrale (12) alimentée à partir du conduit d'évacuation (11) par lesdites gorges (200) et qui débouche directement à l'extérieur par l'orifice de pulvérisation (220).Device according to claim 12, characterized in that said crown (20) forms a contact stop between the internal element (21) and the external element (22) and borders a central cavity (12) supplied from the discharge conduit (11) through said grooves (200) and which opens directly to the outside through the spray orifice (220). Dispositif selon la revendication 13, caractérisé en ce que lesdites gorges (200) traversent ladite couronne (20) de façon à produire des turbulences dans ladite cavité centrale (12).Device according to claim 13, characterized in that said grooves (200) pass through said crown (20) so as to produce turbulence in said central cavity (12). Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 13 ou 14, caractérisé en ce que ladite couronne axiale (20) est réalisée sur la face avant (211a) dudit noyau de l'élément interne (21) et le fond de la cavité (12) centrale est situé dans le plan contenant le bord avant dudit manchon (212).Device according to one of claims 13 or 14, characterized in that said axial ring (20) is formed on the front face (211a) of said core of the internal element (21) and the bottom of the central cavity (12) is located in the plane containing the front edge of said sleeve (212). Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 13 ou 14, caractérisé en ce que ladite couronne axiale (20) est réalisée sur la face arrière dudit élément externe (22).Device according to one of claims 13 or 14, characterized in that said axial ring (20) is formed on the rear face of said external element (22). Dispositif selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la face avant (211a) dudit noyau (211) fait saillie au repos à partir du plan contenant le bord avant dudit manchon (212) et est élastiquement enfoncée lors de la mise en appui de l'élément externe (22).Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the front face (211a) of said core (211) projects at rest from the plane containing the front edge of said sleeve (212) and is resiliently depressed during setting support of the external element (22). Dispositif de pulvérisation selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la longueur du noyau (211) est supérieure à celle du manchon (212) de telle sorte que son extrémité arrière (211b) fait saillie à l'intérieur du conduit d'évacuation (11) en direction de la chambre de détente (10).Spraying device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the length of the core (211) is greater than that of the sleeve (212) so that its rear end (211b) projects inside the conduit d evacuation (11) in the direction of the expansion chamber (10). Dispositif de pulvérisation selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que ledit élément interne (21) comporte trois ailettes symétriques (210) situées à proximité de la face avant du noyau (211) de l'élément interne (21).Spraying device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said internal element (21) comprises three symmetrical fins (210) situated near the front face of the core (211) of the internal element (21). Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 18, caractérisé en ce que les ailettes (210) sont prévues à l'arrière du noyau (211) et sont confondues avec la paroi de la chambre de détente (10).Device according to one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that the fins (210) are provided at the rear of the core (211) and coincide with the wall of the expansion chamber (10). Dispositif de pulvérisation selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le manchon (212) de l'élément interne (21) est réalisé d'une seule pièce avec la tête (1).Spraying device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sleeve (212) of the internal element (21) is made in one piece with the head (1). Dispositif selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que ledit élément externe (22) est pourvu d'une face avant concave ou en forme de déflecteur au centre de laquelle débouche l'orifice de pulvérisation (220).Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said external element (22) is provided with a face before concave or in the form of a deflector at the center of which the spray orifice (220) opens.
EP94402473A 1993-11-03 1994-11-03 Spray device Expired - Lifetime EP0650764B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9313055 1993-11-03
FR9313055A FR2711930B1 (en) 1993-11-03 1993-11-03 Spraying device.

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EP0650764A1 true EP0650764A1 (en) 1995-05-03
EP0650764B1 EP0650764B1 (en) 1998-02-11

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US (1) US5622318A (en)
EP (1) EP0650764B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE163141T1 (en)
DE (1) DE69408507T2 (en)
DK (1) DK0650764T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2113625T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2711930B1 (en)

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CH166432A (en) * 1932-06-24 1934-01-15 Tobler Jacques Atomizing nozzle.
FR1226549A (en) * 1959-02-18 1960-07-13 Diffusion De Tech Nouvelles Et Improvements to spray jets, particularly for agricultural uses
US4220285A (en) * 1976-10-18 1980-09-02 Spray Plast S.r.1 Hand sprayer for liquids
EP0040850A1 (en) * 1980-05-27 1981-12-02 Ethyl Products Company Fluid dispensing device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US5622318A (en) 1997-04-22
EP0650764B1 (en) 1998-02-11
FR2711930A1 (en) 1995-05-12
DE69408507D1 (en) 1998-03-19
ES2113625T3 (en) 1998-05-01
DK0650764T3 (en) 1998-09-23
ATE163141T1 (en) 1998-02-15
DE69408507T2 (en) 1998-09-17
FR2711930B1 (en) 1996-01-26

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