EP0648381A1 - Method and device for sorting scrap batteries and accumulators - Google Patents

Method and device for sorting scrap batteries and accumulators

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Publication number
EP0648381A1
EP0648381A1 EP94912665A EP94912665A EP0648381A1 EP 0648381 A1 EP0648381 A1 EP 0648381A1 EP 94912665 A EP94912665 A EP 94912665A EP 94912665 A EP94912665 A EP 94912665A EP 0648381 A1 EP0648381 A1 EP 0648381A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
accumulators
mass
accumulator
batteries
sorting
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP94912665A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Christian Calame-Rosset
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
FIRSTEC SA
Original Assignee
FIRSTEC SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by FIRSTEC SA filed Critical FIRSTEC SA
Priority to EP94912665A priority Critical patent/EP0648381A1/en
Publication of EP0648381A1 publication Critical patent/EP0648381A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M6/52—Reclaiming serviceable parts of waste cells or batteries, e.g. recycling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/54—Reclaiming serviceable parts of waste accumulators
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/84—Recycling of batteries or fuel cells

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and a device for sorting used batteries and accumulators.
  • the sorting of used batteries or accumulators comprises a first preliminary mechanical sorting step in order to separate the batteries or accumulators according to their shape and / or their dimensions, followed by a second step, for a given shape and / or dimensions. , depending on the chemical nature of the batteries or accumulators, by measuring one or more parameters characteristic of the part concerned.
  • the chemical nature of a battery or accumulator can be determined by measuring its specific mass or by measuring thermal, acoustic or electrical properties. For example, the analysis of the speed of propagation of ultrasound through the body of the part to be analyzed, or the measurement of the heat dissipation power of the part after a short heating period, or the measurement of the residual electrical resistance , are indications directly linked to the composition and / or the internal structure of the used battery or accumulator. However, after use or during storage, these methods are not sufficiently reliable.
  • the analysis of the internal composition of the battery or accumulator is necessary for the determination of their chemical nature, but this analysis must be carried out with unopened batteries or accumulators, by a method making it possible to remove the influence of the outer layers of the cell or accumulator shell.
  • Publication WO91 / 15036 describes a device and a method for sorting used batteries or accumulators according to their chemical nature, based on the analysis of the inductive effect produced by the materials contained in the battery or accumulator, including the ferromagnetic properties are different according to their chemical nature, this by the consecutive application to an excitation circuit of at least two different voltage amplitudes at the same frequency, or two different frequencies for the same voltage amplitude.
  • Sorting according to the chemical composition involves the elaboration, by the passage at constant speed of a cell or an accumulator through a coil, of an inductive response with two components, representative of the ferromagnetic mass of the cell or the accumulator, and the distribution of the ferromagnetic mass.
  • these sorting methods have certain shortcomings, linked in particular to the sorting head. Despite great efforts to increase the capacity, it has not been possible to develop heads allowing both efficient sorting at high throughput and a small percentage of sorting errors or rejects. Therefore, the treatment of high flow rates requires the use of several measuring heads for sorting according to the chemical composition, with several control computers, therefore a high cost.
  • the determination of the ferromagnetic mass requires a very thorough preliminary mechanical sorting to separate the used batteries and accumulators according to their exact dimensions.
  • the orientation of the batteries and accumulators, as well as their speed of movement through the head must be controlled, usually by means of a conveyor belt.
  • Certain spent batteries and accumulators present in the mixture have external contact parts, etc., which can distort the measurements.
  • the subject of the invention is a simplified method and device for sorting and separating automatically used batteries or accumulators of different shapes and sizes depending on their chemical nature, and which in particular allow large flows to be processed.
  • the method and the device specific to this invention obviate the drawbacks of known methods and devices and allow sorting and separation of used batteries or accumulators of different shapes and dimensions in a quick, reliable and economical manner according to their chemical nature.
  • an identification signal or "signature" is established consisting of a characteristic combination based on the measurement of several parameters, in particular a dimension (for example the length), the metallic mass , the ferromagnetic mass and, advantageously, a derivative of the ferromagnetic mass composed of filtered harmonics.
  • Sorting can be done by simply dropping the batteries and accumulators through the measuring device, for example in an inclined tube whose internal diameter is sufficient to allow the largest batteries and accumulators to be sorted to pass.
  • the method also allows a "learning" of the characteristics of all kinds of batteries and accumulators, allowing its rapid and simple adaptation to any new kind of battery or accumulator.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram of a sorting device according to the invention.
  • the device illustrated in Figure 1 by way of example consists of a tube 1 into which the battery 2 to be tested slides.
  • the tube 1 preferably made of transparent material, for example acrylic, has an internal diameter capable of receiving the range of cells and accumulators to be sorted, for example of the order of 40-60 mm.
  • This tube 1 is inclined at 45 ° or any other suitable angle for the fall of the batteries and accumulators.
  • various detectors the responses of which are transmitted to a microprocessor 3.
  • the data received is processed by the microprocessor 3, allowing it to identify the type of battery and to direct it towards the place desired, by means of a sorting signal S.
  • the detectors arranged along the tube 1 are: an optical unit 4, a tuned coil 5, an excitation coil 6, and two receiving coils 7 and 8.
  • the optical unit 4 comprises several optical detectors arranged along the tube 1, for example four infrared cells 4a arranged two by two on the opposite edges of the lower part of the tube 1, and spaced along the tube, for example about 10 cm.
  • infrared cells 4a on the passage of the stack 2 allows the microprocessor 3 to calculate the length and the average speed of the stack in the tube 1.
  • Other arrangements allow, if desired, the calculation of the diameter or the width of batteries and accumulators.
  • the tuned coil 5 is energized and tuned on a high frequency, about 50 to 200 kHz, and operates on the principle of a metal detector.
  • the circuit is detuned by modification of the self-induction and of the selectivity.
  • the microprocessor 3 supplies a digital signal which represents the metallic mass of the battery 2.
  • the excitation coil 6 is supplied from an amplifier 11 by a low frequency current, for example around 300 Hz, and thus creates a magnetic field in the tube 1.
  • the receiver coils 7 and 8 are mounted in opposition, so that at rest, their magnetic fields cancel each other out.
  • the shape of the signal collected by the coils 7, 8 depends on the magnetic quality of the battery 2.
  • the magnetic mass of a Ni-Cd accumulator is mainly defined by the presence of nickel in the accumulator, while the magnetic mass of other batteries is only defined by the mantle.
  • the signal collected by the coils 7, 8 for these other batteries has a higher harmonic rate than for Ni-Cd accumulators (mainly harmonic 3).
  • a good ferromagnetic quality causes few harmonics, while an average ferromagnetic quality causes more harmonics.
  • the first coil 7 collects the absolute magnetic signal, and it is the amplitude of this absolute signal, representative of the ferromagnetic mass of the battery 2, which is processed by the filter / converter 12.
  • the signal from the second coil 8, after filtering, contains only the harmonics of the signal. After analog / digital conversion of these signals by the filters / converter 12, the microprocessor 9 can easily identify the Ni-Cd accumulators, which have a low harmonic rate.
  • the device described provides, for each battery 2, a "signature" composed of four values which make it possible to identify it, in this example: the length (optical unit 4), the metal mass (coil 5), the ferromagnetic mass (coil 7), and the ferromagnetic quality or harmonic rate (coil 8).
  • a "signature" composed of four values which make it possible to identify it, in this example: the length (optical unit 4), the metal mass (coil 5), the ferromagnetic mass (coil 7), and the ferromagnetic quality or harmonic rate (coil 8).
  • these four characteristic values are established by successive passages of a reference battery or accumulator in order to constitute these reference values or signatures.
  • Each battery or accumulator is therefore identified by these four values which constitute an identification signal or signature.
  • certain stacks can be identified by several sets of four values, for example the rectangular stacks capable of crossing the tube 1 under different orientations. Knowing the composition of these reference batteries and accumulators, the reference values of each identification signal can be associated with a sorting signal chosen according to the chemical composition.
  • the four values obtained for each cell or accumulator correspond either to the reference values, which causes the corresponding sorting signal, or are unknown and the cell or the accumulator is discarded.
  • an examination of the battery or accumulator allows it to be assigned a sorting signal according to its composition.
  • the device described can be supplemented by other detectors, for example X-ray, optical

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sorting Of Articles (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Magnetic Means (AREA)

Abstract

A simplified method of sorting scrap batteries and accumulators of different shapes, sizes and chemical compositions consists in measuring several physical parameters during shifting of the batteries or accumulators through a measuring device: at least one dimension, the metallic mass and/or the mass (total weight), the ferromagnetic mass and preferably a derivative of the ferromagnetic mass by filtering of harmonics, or measurement of a colour or distinctive sign. For each type of battery or accumulator, an identification signal or signature consisting of a characteristic combination of the digital values of the measured parameters is established and, based on the identification signal, a sorting signal is determined according to battery or accumulator chemical composition.

Description

PROCEDE ET DISPOSTTTF DE TRT DES PILES ET ACCUMULATEURS USAGES METHOD AND DISPOSTTTF OF TRT OF USED BATTERIES AND ACCUMULATORS
Domaine TechniqueTechnical area
La présente invention se rapporte à un procédé et à un dispositif de tri de piles et accumulateurs usagés.The present invention relates to a method and a device for sorting used batteries and accumulators.
Etat de la TechniqueState of the art
Environ 200 à 250 types de piles ou accumulateurs de taille, de forme et de nature chimique différentes sont répertoriés sur le marché, ce qui pose des problèmes lors de leur tri à partir des mélanges collectés auprès du grand public. En général, le tri des piles ou accumulateurs usagés comprend une première étape de tri mécanique préalable afin de séparer les piles ou accumulateurs selon leur forme et/ou leurs dimensions, suivie d'une deuxième étape, pour une forme et/ou des dimensions données, selon la nature chimique des piles ou accumulateurs, par la mesure d'un ou plusieurs paramètres caractéristiques de la pièce concernée.About 200 to 250 types of batteries or accumulators of different size, shape and chemical nature are listed on the market, which poses problems when sorting from mixtures collected from the general public. In general, the sorting of used batteries or accumulators comprises a first preliminary mechanical sorting step in order to separate the batteries or accumulators according to their shape and / or their dimensions, followed by a second step, for a given shape and / or dimensions. , depending on the chemical nature of the batteries or accumulators, by measuring one or more parameters characteristic of the part concerned.
La nature chimique d'une pile ou d'un accumulateur peut être déterminée par la mesure de sa masse spécifique ou par la mesure des propriétés thermiques, acoustiques ou électriques. Par exemple, l'analyse de la vitesse de propagation des ultrasons à travers le corps de la pièce à analyser, ou la mesure du pouvoir de dissipation thermique de la pièce après une courte période de chauffage, ou encore la mesure de la résistance électrique résiduelle, sont des indications directement liées à la composition ou/et à la structure interne de la pile ou de l'accumulateur usagé. Cependant, après usage ou pendant leur stockage, ces méthodes ne sont pas suffisemment fiables . L'analyse de la composition interne de la pile ou de l'accumulateur s'impose pour la détermination de leur nature chimique, mais cette analyse doit s'effectuer avec des piles ou des accumulateurs non ouverts, par une méthode permettant de supprimer l'influence des couches extérieures de l'enveloppe de la pile ou de 1'accumulateur.The chemical nature of a battery or accumulator can be determined by measuring its specific mass or by measuring thermal, acoustic or electrical properties. For example, the analysis of the speed of propagation of ultrasound through the body of the part to be analyzed, or the measurement of the heat dissipation power of the part after a short heating period, or the measurement of the residual electrical resistance , are indications directly linked to the composition and / or the internal structure of the used battery or accumulator. However, after use or during storage, these methods are not sufficiently reliable. The analysis of the internal composition of the battery or accumulator is necessary for the determination of their chemical nature, but this analysis must be carried out with unopened batteries or accumulators, by a method making it possible to remove the influence of the outer layers of the cell or accumulator shell.
L'identification d'une pile ou accumulateur par la mesure de plusieurs paramètres a été envisagée, utilisant plusieurs stations de mesure et de tri afin d'aboutir à un groupement des piles et accumulateurs du même type après plusieurs mesures et tris en cascade.The identification of a battery or accumulator by measuring several parameters has been envisaged, using several measurement and sorting stations in order to achieve a grouping of batteries and accumulators of the same type after several measurements and sorting in cascade.
La publication WO91/15036 décrit un dispositif et un procédé pour trier les piles ou accumulateurs usagés selon leur nature chimique, basé sur l'analyse de l'effet inductif produit par les matériaux contenus dans la pile ou l'accumulateur, dont les propriétés ferromagnétiques sont différentes selon leur nature chimique, ceci par l'application consécutive à un circuit d'excitation d'au moins deux amplitudes de tension différentes à une même fréquence, ou de deux fréquences différentes pour une même amplitude de tension.Publication WO91 / 15036 describes a device and a method for sorting used batteries or accumulators according to their chemical nature, based on the analysis of the inductive effect produced by the materials contained in the battery or accumulator, including the ferromagnetic properties are different according to their chemical nature, this by the consecutive application to an excitation circuit of at least two different voltage amplitudes at the same frequency, or two different frequencies for the same voltage amplitude.
Un procédé perfectionné de tri de piles et accumulateurs usagés de différentes formes et dimensions et de différentes compositions chimiques, qui comporte un tri mécanique selon les formes et les dimensions, suivi d'un tri selon la composition chimique, est décrit par la publication W092/17791. Le tri selon la composition chimique comporte l'élaboration, par le passage à vitesse constante d'une pile ou d'un accumulateur au travers d'une bobine, d'une réponse inductive à deux composantes, représentative de la masse ferromagnétique de la pile ou de l'accumulateur, et de la distribution de la masse ferromagnétique. Ces procédés de tri ont toutefois certaines insuffisances, liées notamment à la tête de tri. Malgré de grands efforts pour en augmenter la capacité, il n'a pas été possible de développer des têtes permettant à la fois un tri efficace d'un grand débit et un faible pourcentage d'erreurs de tri ou de rejets. Donc, le traitement de grands débits nécessite l'emploi de plusieurs têtes de mesure pour le tri selon la composition chimique, avec plusieurs ordinateurs de contrôle, donc un coût élevé.An improved method of sorting used batteries and accumulators of different shapes and sizes and of different chemical compositions, which comprises mechanical sorting according to shapes and dimensions, followed by sorting according to chemical composition, is described in publication W092 / 17791. Sorting according to the chemical composition involves the elaboration, by the passage at constant speed of a cell or an accumulator through a coil, of an inductive response with two components, representative of the ferromagnetic mass of the cell or the accumulator, and the distribution of the ferromagnetic mass. However, these sorting methods have certain shortcomings, linked in particular to the sorting head. Despite great efforts to increase the capacity, it has not been possible to develop heads allowing both efficient sorting at high throughput and a small percentage of sorting errors or rejects. Therefore, the treatment of high flow rates requires the use of several measuring heads for sorting according to the chemical composition, with several control computers, therefore a high cost.
Aussi, la détermination de la masse ferromagnétique exige un tri mécanique préliminaire très poussé pour séparer les piles et accumulateurs usagés selon leurs dimensions exactes.Also, the determination of the ferromagnetic mass requires a very thorough preliminary mechanical sorting to separate the used batteries and accumulators according to their exact dimensions.
Outre la nécessité d'effectuer un tri dimensionnel préliminaire poussé, l'orientation des piles et accumulateurs, ainsi que leur vitesse de déplacement au travers de la tête doivent être contrôlées, usuellement au moyen d'une bande de transport.In addition to the need for a thorough preliminary dimensional sorting, the orientation of the batteries and accumulators, as well as their speed of movement through the head must be controlled, usually by means of a conveyor belt.
Certaines piles et accumulateurs usagés présents dans le mélange présentent des parties de contact externes etc., ce qui peut fausser les mesures.Certain spent batteries and accumulators present in the mixture have external contact parts, etc., which can distort the measurements.
Etant donné que de nouvelles sortes de piles et accumulateurs font leur apparition sur le marché des différents pays, il est nécessaire d'adapter les installations de tri aux conditions locales. Il serait souhaitable donc d'avoir une tête capable de trier un flux de piles ou d'accumulateurs de formes et dimensions différentes selon leur composition chimique, et qui pourrait aisément s'adapter sur place à toutes sortes de piles et d'accumulateurs rencontrés dans le mélange à trier.As new kinds of batteries and accumulators are appearing on the market in different countries, it is necessary to adapt the sorting facilities to local conditions. It would therefore be desirable to have a head capable of sorting a flow of batteries or accumulators of different shapes and dimensions according to their chemical composition, and which could easily adapt on the spot to all kinds of batteries and accumulators encountered in the mixture to be sorted.
Description de l'InventionDescription of the Invention
L' invention a pour objet un procédé et un dispositif simplifiés permettant de trier et de séparer automatiquement les piles ou accumulateurs usagés de différentes formes et dimensions selon leur nature chimique, et qui permettent en particulier de traiter de grands débits. Le procédé et le dispositif propres à cette invention obviennent les inconvénients des procédés et dispositifs connus et permettent de trier et de séparer d'une manière rapide, fiable et économique les piles ou accumulateurs usagés de différentes formes et dimensions selon leur nature chimique.The subject of the invention is a simplified method and device for sorting and separating automatically used batteries or accumulators of different shapes and sizes depending on their chemical nature, and which in particular allow large flows to be processed. The method and the device specific to this invention obviate the drawbacks of known methods and devices and allow sorting and separation of used batteries or accumulators of different shapes and dimensions in a quick, reliable and economical manner according to their chemical nature.
La présente invention propose donc un procédé simplifié de tri de piles et accumulateurs usagés, ainsi qu'une installation de tri, selon l'énoncé des revendications. Selon l'invention, pour chaque pile ou accumulateur usagé, on établit un signal d'identification ou "signature" constitué d'une combinaison caractéristique basée sur la mesure de plusieurs paramètres, notamment une dimension (par exemple la longueur) , la masse métallique, la masse ferromagnétique et, avantageusement, un dérivé de la masse ferromagnétique composé d'harmoniques filtrées.The present invention therefore provides a simplified method for sorting used batteries and accumulators, as well as a sorting installation, according to the statement of claims. According to the invention, for each used battery or accumulator, an identification signal or "signature" is established consisting of a characteristic combination based on the measurement of several parameters, in particular a dimension (for example the length), the metallic mass , the ferromagnetic mass and, advantageously, a derivative of the ferromagnetic mass composed of filtered harmonics.
II est également possible d'employer un autre dérivé de la masse ferromagnétique, par exemple la distribution de celle-ci, ou de procéder à plusieurs mesures de la masse ferromagnétique à des fréquences ou tensions d'excitation différentes. Toutefois, l'utilisation d'harmoniques filtrées est avantageuse du fait que le circuit d'excitation n'a besoin que d'une seule bobine d'excitation, et en raison de la rapidité de la réponse .It is also possible to use another derivative of the ferromagnetic mass, for example the distribution thereof, or to carry out several measurements of the ferromagnetic mass at different frequencies or excitation voltages. However, the use of filtered harmonics is advantageous because the excitation circuit needs only one excitation coil, and because of the speed of the response.
On peut aussi mesurer d'autres paramètres, par exemple la masse (poids total) ceci par mesure de l'énergie cinétique de la pile ou accumulateur en mouvement à travers le dispositif de mesure, par exemple par impact contre un senseur ou par un ralentissement provoqué de la pile ou accumulateur. Ou encore une mesure optique de la couleur ou d'un autre signe distinctif, par exemple un code-barres ou autre. Une autre possibilité est une mesure de détection d'un revêtement de composition spéciale, ou d'un élément rapporté tel qu'une bande ou fil magnétique ou autre.It is also possible to measure other parameters, for example the mass (total weight), this by measuring the kinetic energy of the battery or accumulator in motion through the measuring device, for example by impact against a sensor or by slowing down. caused by the battery or accumulator. Or an optical measurement of the color or another distinctive sign, for example a barcode or the like. A another possibility is a measurement for detecting a coating of special composition, or of an added element such as a magnetic strip or wire or the like.
Avec ce procédé et dispositif, on peut trier de manière fiable des batteries et des accumulateurs de formes et de dimensions différentes, selon leur composition, et cela sans qu'un tri dimensionnel préalable ne soit nécessaire ou alors avec un tri préliminaire grossier pour n'éliminer que les très grosses ou les très petites piles ou accumulateurs.With this method and device, it is possible to reliably sort batteries and accumulators of different shapes and sizes, according to their composition, and this without a preliminary dimensional sorting being necessary or else with a rough preliminary sorting for n ' dispose of only very large or very small batteries or accumulators.
Le tri peut se faire par simple chute des piles et accumulateurs au travers du dispositif de mesure, par exemple dans un tube incliné dont le diamètre interne suffit pour laisser passer les plus grandes piles et accumulateurs à trier.Sorting can be done by simply dropping the batteries and accumulators through the measuring device, for example in an inclined tube whose internal diameter is sufficient to allow the largest batteries and accumulators to be sorted to pass.
Le procédé permet en outre un "apprentissage" des caractéristiques de toutes sortes de piles et accumulateurs, permettant son adaptation rapide et simple à toute nouvelle sorte de pile ou accumulateur.The method also allows a "learning" of the characteristics of all kinds of batteries and accumulators, allowing its rapid and simple adaptation to any new kind of battery or accumulator.
Description d DessinDescription of Drawing
Dans le dessin ci-annexé :In the attached drawing:
- La Figure 1 est un schéma d'un dispositif de tri selon l'invention.- Figure 1 is a diagram of a sorting device according to the invention.
Description DétailléeDetailed description
Le dispositif illustré à la Figure 1 à titre d'exemple se compose d'un tube 1 dans lequel glisse la pile 2 à tester. Le tube 1, de préférence en matière transparente, par exemple acrylique, a un diamètre interne apte à recevoir la gamme de piles et accumulateurs à trier, par exemple de l'ordre de 40- 60 mm. Ce tube 1 est incliné à 45° ou tout autre angle convenable pour la chute des piles et accumulateurs. Le long de ce tube 1 sont disposés différents détecteurs dont les réponses sont transmises à un microprocesseur 3. Les données reçues sont traitées par le microprocesseur 3, lui permettant d'identifier le type de pile et d'aiguiller celle-ci vers l'endroit désiré, au moyen d'un signal de tri S.The device illustrated in Figure 1 by way of example consists of a tube 1 into which the battery 2 to be tested slides. The tube 1, preferably made of transparent material, for example acrylic, has an internal diameter capable of receiving the range of cells and accumulators to be sorted, for example of the order of 40-60 mm. This tube 1 is inclined at 45 ° or any other suitable angle for the fall of the batteries and accumulators. Along this tube 1 are arranged various detectors, the responses of which are transmitted to a microprocessor 3. The data received is processed by the microprocessor 3, allowing it to identify the type of battery and to direct it towards the place desired, by means of a sorting signal S.
Les détecteurs disposés le long du tube 1 sont : un bloc optique 4, une bobine accordée 5, une bobine d'excitation 6, et deux bobines réceptrices 7 et 8.The detectors arranged along the tube 1 are: an optical unit 4, a tuned coil 5, an excitation coil 6, and two receiving coils 7 and 8.
Le bloc optique 4 comprend plusieurs détecteurs optiques disposés le long du tube 1, par exemple quatre cellules infrarouges 4a disposées deux par deux sur les bords opposés de la partie inférieure du tube 1, et espacées le long du tube, par exemple d'environ 10 cm.The optical unit 4 comprises several optical detectors arranged along the tube 1, for example four infrared cells 4a arranged two by two on the opposite edges of the lower part of the tube 1, and spaced along the tube, for example about 10 cm.
Cette répartition judicieuse de cellules infrarouges 4a sur le passage de la pile 2 permet au microprocesseur 3 de calculer la longueur et la vitesse moyenne de la pile dans le tube 1. D'autres dispositions permettent, si désiré, le calcul du diamètre ou de la largeur des piles et accumulateurs.This judicious distribution of infrared cells 4a on the passage of the stack 2 allows the microprocessor 3 to calculate the length and the average speed of the stack in the tube 1. Other arrangements allow, if desired, the calculation of the diameter or the width of batteries and accumulators.
La bobine accordée 5 est excitée et accordée sur une fréquence élevée, environ 50 à 200 kHz, et opère selon le principe d'un détecteur de métaux. Lors du passage d'une pile 1, le circuit est désaccordé par modification de la self-induction et de la sélectivité. Après conversion analogique/digitale de ce désaccord, par l'oscillateur/convertisseur 10, le microprocesseur 3 fournit un signal digital qui représente la masse métallique de la pile 2.The tuned coil 5 is energized and tuned on a high frequency, about 50 to 200 kHz, and operates on the principle of a metal detector. During the passage of a battery 1, the circuit is detuned by modification of the self-induction and of the selectivity. After analog / digital conversion of this detuning, by the oscillator / converter 10, the microprocessor 3 supplies a digital signal which represents the metallic mass of the battery 2.
La bobine d'excitation 6 est alimentée à partir d'un amplificateur 11 par un courant de basse fréquence, par exemple environ 300 Hz, et crée ainsi un champ magnétique dans le tube 1. Les bobines réceptrices 7 et 8 sont montées en opposition, si bien qu'au repos, leurs champs magnétiques s'annulent.The excitation coil 6 is supplied from an amplifier 11 by a low frequency current, for example around 300 Hz, and thus creates a magnetic field in the tube 1. The receiver coils 7 and 8 are mounted in opposition, so that at rest, their magnetic fields cancel each other out.
Lors du passage d'une pile 2 devant les bobines réceptrices 7 et 8, un courant proportionel à la masse magnétique de la pile 2 est induit dans ces bobines 7 et 8.During the passage of a battery 2 in front of the receiving coils 7 and 8, a current proportional to the magnetic mass of the battery 2 is induced in these coils 7 and 8.
On constate que la forme du signal recueilli par les bobines 7, 8 dépend de la qualité magnétique de la pile 2. La masse magnétique d'un accumulateur Ni-Cd est principalement définie par la présence de nickel dans l'accumulateur, alors que la masse magnétique des autres piles n'est définie que par le manteau. Par la saturation du flux induit dans ce manteau, le signal recueilli par les bobines 7, 8 pour ces autres piles comporte un taux d'harmonique plus important que pour les accumulateurs Ni-Cd (principalement harmonique 3) . En général, on peut dire qu'une bonne qualité ferromagnétique provoque peu d'harmoniques, alors qu'une qualité ferromagnétique moyenne provoque plus d'harmoniques.It can be seen that the shape of the signal collected by the coils 7, 8 depends on the magnetic quality of the battery 2. The magnetic mass of a Ni-Cd accumulator is mainly defined by the presence of nickel in the accumulator, while the magnetic mass of other batteries is only defined by the mantle. By the saturation of the flux induced in this mantle, the signal collected by the coils 7, 8 for these other batteries has a higher harmonic rate than for Ni-Cd accumulators (mainly harmonic 3). In general, we can say that a good ferromagnetic quality causes few harmonics, while an average ferromagnetic quality causes more harmonics.
La première bobine 7 recueille le signal magnétique absolu, et c'est l'amplitude de ce signal absolu, représentatif de la masse ferromagnétique de la pile 2, qui est traité par le filtre/convertisseur 12. Le signal de la seconde bobine 8, après filtrage, ne contient que les harmoniques du signal. Après conversion analogique/digitale de ces signaux par les filtres/convertisseur 12, le microprocesseur 9 peut aisément identifier les accumulateurs Ni-Cd, qui ont un taux d'harmonique bas.The first coil 7 collects the absolute magnetic signal, and it is the amplitude of this absolute signal, representative of the ferromagnetic mass of the battery 2, which is processed by the filter / converter 12. The signal from the second coil 8, after filtering, contains only the harmonics of the signal. After analog / digital conversion of these signals by the filters / converter 12, the microprocessor 9 can easily identify the Ni-Cd accumulators, which have a low harmonic rate.
Le dispositif décrit fournit, pour chaque pile 2, une "signature" composée de quatre valeurs qui permettent de l'identifier, dans cet exemple: la longueur (bloc optique 4) , la masse métallique (bobine 5), la masse ferromagnétique (bobine 7), et la qualité ferromagnétique ou taux d'harmonique (bobine 8) . Ces quatre valeurs digitalisées par le microprocesseur 3 sont comparées à des valeurs ou signatures de référence de manière à produire le signal de tri S en fonction de la composition chimique des piles et accumulateurs.The device described provides, for each battery 2, a "signature" composed of four values which make it possible to identify it, in this example: the length (optical unit 4), the metal mass (coil 5), the ferromagnetic mass (coil 7), and the ferromagnetic quality or harmonic rate (coil 8). These four values digitized by the microprocessor 3 are compared with reference values or signatures so as to produce the sorting signal S as a function of the chemical composition of the batteries and accumulators.
Au départ, ces quatre valeurs .caractéristiques sont établies par des passages successifs d'une pile ou d'un accumulateur de référence afin de constituer ces valeurs ou signatures de référence. Chaque pile ou accumulateur est donc identifié par ces quatre valeurs qui constituent un signal d'identification ou signature. Toutefois, il est possible que certaines piles puissent être identifiées par plusieurs jeux de quatre valeurs, par exemple les piles rectangulaires susceptibles de traverser le tube 1 sous différentes orientations. Connaissant la composition de ces piles et accumulateurs de référence, on peut associer les valeurs de référence de chaque signal d'identification à un signal de tri choisi selon la composition chimique.At the start, these four characteristic values are established by successive passages of a reference battery or accumulator in order to constitute these reference values or signatures. Each battery or accumulator is therefore identified by these four values which constitute an identification signal or signature. However, it is possible that certain stacks can be identified by several sets of four values, for example the rectangular stacks capable of crossing the tube 1 under different orientations. Knowing the composition of these reference batteries and accumulators, the reference values of each identification signal can be associated with a sorting signal chosen according to the chemical composition.
Lorsque l'on trie un mélange, les quatre valeurs obtenues pour chaque pile ou accumulateur correspondent soit aux valeurs de référence, ce qui provoque le signal de tri correspondant, soit sont inconnues et la pile ou l'accumulateur est écarté. Dans ce cas, un examen de la pile ou de l'accumulateur permet de lui attribuer un signal de tri selon sa composition.When sorting a mixture, the four values obtained for each cell or accumulator correspond either to the reference values, which causes the corresponding sorting signal, or are unknown and the cell or the accumulator is discarded. In this case, an examination of the battery or accumulator allows it to be assigned a sorting signal according to its composition.
Le dispositif décrit peut être complété par d'autres détecteurs, par exemple à rayons-X, optiquesThe device described can be supplemented by other detectors, for example X-ray, optical
(détecteurs de couleur et/ou de signes distinctifs) , d'impact/inertie (mesure du poids), etc., afin de mesurer tout autre paramètre permettant d'établir l'identification de la pile ou accumulateur.(color and / or distinctive signs detectors), impact / inertia (weight measurement), etc., in order to measure any other parameter allowing the identification of the battery or accumulator.
Dans une variante de l'invention, notamment lorsqu'il s'agit de séparer des piles Ni-Cd des autres, en particulier où un tri dimensionnel a déjà eu lieu, on peut se contenter de mesurer par induction la masse ferromagnétique ainsi qu'un composant harmonique filtré représentant la qualité de la masse ferromagnétique telle que décrite ci-dessus, et d'en fournir un signal de tri afin de séparer notamment les piles Ni-Cd des autres. Il est également possible d'inclure la mesure d'autres paramètres tels que ceux mentionnés ci-dessus. In a variant of the invention, in particular when it is a question of separating Ni-Cd batteries from the others, in particular where a dimensional sorting has already taken place, it is can be satisfied with inductively measuring the ferromagnetic mass as well as a filtered harmonic component representing the quality of the ferromagnetic mass as described above, and providing a sorting signal thereof in order to separate in particular the Ni-Cd batteries from other. It is also possible to include the measurement of other parameters such as those mentioned above.

Claims

Re end cations Re end cations
1. Procédé de tri de piles et accumulateurs usagés de différentes formes et dimensions et de différentes compositions chimiques, par la mesure d'au moins un paramètre physique lors du déplacement des piles ou des accumulateurs au travers d'un dispositif de mesure, caractérisé en ce que :1. A method of sorting used batteries and accumulators of different shapes and sizes and of different chemical compositions, by measuring at least one physical parameter when moving the batteries or accumulators through a measuring device, characterized in what:
pour au moins une pile ou accumulateur de chaque type de pile ou accumulateur à trier, on mesure plusieurs paramètres dont :for at least one battery or accumulator of each type of battery or accumulator to be sorted, several parameters are measured, including:
(a) la masse ferromagnétique, et(a) the ferromagnetic mass, and
(b) au moins deux autres paramètres, de préférence parmi: un dérivé de la masse ferromagnétique, au moins une dimension, la masse métallique, la masse (poids total) et la mesure d'une couleur et/ou d'un signe optique visible sur la pile ou 1 ' accumulateur,(b) at least two other parameters, preferably among: a derivative of the ferromagnetic mass, at least one dimension, the metallic mass, the mass (total weight) and the measurement of a color and / or an optical sign visible on the battery or the accumulator,
qu'on établit un signal d'identification de chaque type de pile ou accumulateur constitué d'une combinaison caractéristique de ces paramètres, etan identification signal is established for each type of cell or accumulator consisting of a characteristic combination of these parameters, and
en ce que, pour un flux de piles et accumulateurs de différentes formes et de différentes dimensions introduites individuellement au travers du dispositif de mesure, on fournit, pour chaque pile ou accumulateur, un signal de tri selon la composition chimique de la pile ou de l'accumulateur, basé sur ledit signal d' identification .in that, for a flow of batteries and accumulators of different shapes and different dimensions introduced individually through the measuring device, a sorting signal is provided for each cell or accumulator according to the chemical composition of the cell or of the accumulator, based on said identification signal.
2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le signal d'identification est un signal comportant quatre valeurs digitales qui représentent : une dimension, l'une au moins de la masse métallique et de la masse (poids total) , la masse ferromagnétique et un dérivé de la masse ferromagnétique.2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the identification signal is a signal comprising four digital values which represent: a dimension, at least one of the metallic mass and mass (total weight), ferromagnetic mass and a derivative of ferromagnetic mass.
3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé par la mesure d'une valeur dérivée de la masse ferromagnétique qui est un composant harmonique filtré représentant la qualité de la masse ferromagnétique.3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by measuring a value derived from the ferromagnetic mass which is a filtered harmonic component representing the quality of the ferromagnetic mass.
4. Procédé selon la revendication 1, 2 ou 3, caractérisé en ce que les piles ou accumulateurs passent au travers du dispositif de mesure par l'effet de la gravité.4. Method according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the batteries or accumulators pass through the measuring device by the effect of gravity.
5. Procédé selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que les piles ou accumulateurs passent au travers du dispositif de mesure dans un tube incliné.5. Method according to claim 4, characterized in that the batteries or accumulators pass through the measuring device in an inclined tube.
6. Procédé selon n'importe laquelle des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la dimension des piles ou accumulateurs est mesurée au moyen d'un détecteur optique qui, de préférence, mesure aussi leur vitesse .6. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the size of the batteries or accumulators is measured by means of an optical detector which, preferably, also measures their speed.
7. Procédé selon n'importe laquelle des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le signal d'identification de chaque pile ou accumulateur est comparé aux valeurs de référence établies par le passage au travers du dispositif de mesure de piles ou d'accumulateurs de compositions connues.7. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the identification signal of each cell or accumulator is compared with the reference values established by the passage through the device for measuring cells or accumulators of compositions known.
8. Procédé selon n'importe laquelle des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'on fournit un signal de tri selon la composition pour les piles ou accumulateurs dont les signaux d'identification correspondent aux valeurs de référence, et que l'on écarte les piles ou accumulateurs non reconnus.8. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a sorting signal according to the composition is provided for the batteries or accumulators whose identification signals correspond to the reference values, and which is discarded unrecognized batteries or accumulators.
9. Dispositif de tri de piles et accumulateurs usagés de différentes formes et dimensions et de différentes compositions chimiques, destiné à élaborer un signal de tri (S) par la mesure d'au moins un paramètre physique par déplacement des piles ou accumulateurs (2) au travers d'un dispositif de mesure, caractérisé en ce que :9. Sorting device for used batteries and accumulators of different shapes and sizes and of different chemical compositions, intended for producing a signal sorting (S) by measuring at least one physical parameter by moving the batteries or accumulators (2) through a measuring device, characterized in that:
le dispositif de mesure comporte des moyens pour mesurer plusieurs paramètres de chaque pile ou accumulateur (2), soit :the measuring device comprises means for measuring several parameters of each cell or accumulator (2), namely:
(a) des moyens (6/7) pour mesurer la masse ferromagnétique;(a) means (6/7) for measuring the ferromagnetic mass;
(b) des moyens (4; 5; 6/8) pour mesurer au moins deux autres paramètres, de préférence parmi : un dérivé de la masse ferromagnétique, au moins une dimension, la masse métallique, la masse (poids total) , et la mesure d'une couleur et/ou d'un signe optique visible sur la pile ou 1'accumulateur,(b) means (4; 5; 6/8) for measuring at least two other parameters, preferably among: a derivative of the ferromagnetic mass, at least one dimension, the metallic mass, the mass (total weight), and measuring a color and / or an optical sign visible on the battery or accumulator,
et que le dispositif comporte en outre :and that the device also comprises:
des moyens (3, 10, 11, 12) pour établir un signal d'identification de chaque type de pile ou accumulateur constitué d'une combinaison caractéristique de ces paramètres mesurée par les moyens de mesure, etmeans (3, 10, 11, 12) for establishing an identification signal for each type of cell or accumulator consisting of a characteristic combination of these parameters measured by the measuring means, and
des moyens (3) pour fournir un signal de tri (S) selon la composition chimique de la pile ou de l'accumulateur, basés sur ledit signal d ' identification .means (3) for supplying a sorting signal (S) according to the chemical composition of the cell or accumulator, based on said identification signal.
10. Dispositif selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que les moyens (3, 10, 11, 12) pour établir le signal d'identification comprennent au moins un convertisseur analogue-digital fournissant un signal d'identification comportant quatre valeurs digitales qui représentent : une dimension, l'une au moins de la masse métallique et la masse (poids total) , la masse ferromagnétique et un dérivé de la masse ferromagnétique.10. Device according to claim 9, characterized in that the means (3, 10, 11, 12) for establishing the identification signal comprise at least one analog-digital converter providing an identification signal comprising four digital values which represent : one dimension, at least one of the metallic mass and the mass (total weight), the mass ferromagnetic and a derivative of the ferromagnetic mass.
11. Dispositif selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend au moins une bobine d'excitation (6) et au moins une bobine réceptrice (7, 8) produisant une réponse inductive représentative de la masse ferromagnétique des piles ou accumulateurs (2) lorsque celles-ci passent au travers du champ magnétique produit par la ou les bobine (s) d'excitation (6) .11. Device according to claim 10, characterized in that it comprises at least one excitation coil (6) and at least one receiving coil (7, 8) producing an inductive response representative of the ferromagnetic mass of the batteries or accumulators ( 2) when these pass through the magnetic field produced by the excitation coil (s) (6).
12. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 9 à 11, caractérisé en ce que les piles ou accumulateurs (2) passent au travers du dispositif de mesure par l'effet de la gravité, dans un tube incliné (1) .12. Device according to any one of claims 9 to 11, characterized in that the batteries or accumulators (2) pass through the measuring device by the effect of gravity, in an inclined tube (1).
13. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 9 à 12, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif de mesure comporte un détecteur optique.13. Device according to any one of claims 9 to 12, characterized in that the measuring device comprises an optical detector.
14. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 9 à 13, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif comporte une bobine accordée (5) à haute fréquence qui mesure la masse métallique des piles ou accumulateurs (2) par modification de la self induction et de la sélectivité lors du passage d'une pile ou d'un accumulateur.14. Device according to any one of claims 9 to 13, characterized in that the device comprises a tuned coil (5) at high frequency which measures the metal mass of the batteries or accumulators (2) by modification of the self induction and selectivity when passing a battery or accumulator.
15. Installation de tri des piles et accumulateurs usagés, comprenant un dispositif de tri selon l'une quelconque des revendications 9 à 14, et un dispositif d'aiguillage des piles et accumulateurs triés.15. Installation for sorting used batteries and accumulators, comprising a sorting device according to any one of claims 9 to 14, and a device for switching sorted batteries and accumulators.
16. Procédé de tri de piles et accumulateurs usagés de différentes formes et dimensions et de différentes compositions chimiques, par la mesure d'au moins un paramètre physique lors du déplacement des piles ou des accumulateurs au travers d'un dispositif de mesure, caractérisé en ce que : _ -16. A method of sorting used batteries and accumulators of different shapes and sizes and of different chemical compositions, by measuring at least one physical parameter when moving the batteries or accumulators through a measuring device, characterized in what: _ -
- pour au moins une pile ou accumulateur de chaque type de pile ou accumulateur à trier, on mesure plusieurs paramètres dont :- for at least one battery or accumulator of each type of battery or accumulator to be sorted, several parameters are measured, including:
(a) la masse ferromagnétique, et, soit(a) the ferromagnetic mass, and either
(b) un dérivé de la masse ferromagnétique qui est un composant harmonique filtré représentant la qualité de la masse ferromagnétique, soit(b) a derivative of the ferromagnetic mass which is a filtered harmonic component representing the quality of the ferromagnetic mass, namely
(c) au moins deux autres paramètres, de préférence parmi : un dérivé de la masse ferromagnétique, au moins une dimension, la masse métallique, la masse (poids total) et la mesure d'une couleur et/ou d'un signe optique visible sur le pile ou 1 ' accumulateur,(c) at least two other parameters, preferably among: a derivative of the ferromagnetic mass, at least one dimension, the metallic mass, the mass (total weight) and the measurement of a color and / or an optical sign visible on the battery or the accumulator,
qu'on établit un signal d'identification de chaque type de pile ou accumulateur constitué d'une combinaison caractéristique de ces paramètres, etan identification signal is established for each type of cell or accumulator consisting of a characteristic combination of these parameters, and
- en ce qu'on fournit, pour chaque pile ou accumulateur, un signal de tri selon la composition chimique de la pile ou de l'accumulateur, basé sur ledit signal d ' identification . - in that there is provided, for each cell or accumulator, a sorting signal according to the chemical composition of the cell or accumulator, based on said identification signal.
EP94912665A 1993-05-03 1994-05-03 Method and device for sorting scrap batteries and accumulators Withdrawn EP0648381A1 (en)

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EP93810320 1993-05-03
PCT/IB1994/000090 WO1994025992A1 (en) 1993-05-03 1994-05-03 Method and device for sorting scrap batteries and accumulators
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WO2000008700A1 (en) * 1998-08-06 2000-02-17 Tredi Automatic sorting of battery power packs
NL1015880C2 (en) * 2000-08-04 2002-02-05 W A Van Peperzeel B V Device and method for sorting used batteries.
IT1400547B1 (en) 2010-06-17 2013-06-11 Unione Srl BATTERY SELECTION SYSTEM AND METHOD THAT USES THE SYSTEM.
US10288659B2 (en) * 2015-03-20 2019-05-14 General Electric Company System and method for determining identity information of an electrically operable machine
CN115739699A (en) * 2022-11-11 2023-03-07 格林美股份有限公司 Battery package classification and identification device

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JPS60136174A (en) * 1983-12-23 1985-07-19 Akira Nakamura Selecting and recovering process of waste dry batteries
JPS6229072A (en) * 1985-07-30 1987-02-07 Nomura Kosan Kk Method and device for recovering valuable substance of run-down dry cell
ATE115776T1 (en) * 1990-03-27 1994-12-15 Titalyse Sa MEASURING EQUIPMENT AND METHOD FOR SORTING USED BATTERIES AND ACCUMULATORS.
DE69203091T2 (en) * 1991-04-04 1996-04-04 Titalyse Sa METHOD AND DEVICE FOR SORTING USED BATTERIES AND ACCUMULATORS.
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