EP0647822A1 - Laminated heat exchanger used more particularly as oil cooler - Google Patents

Laminated heat exchanger used more particularly as oil cooler Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0647822A1
EP0647822A1 EP94202948A EP94202948A EP0647822A1 EP 0647822 A1 EP0647822 A1 EP 0647822A1 EP 94202948 A EP94202948 A EP 94202948A EP 94202948 A EP94202948 A EP 94202948A EP 0647822 A1 EP0647822 A1 EP 0647822A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fluid
plate
heat exchanger
circular rim
plates
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP94202948A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0647822B1 (en
Inventor
Hélène Gire
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Valeo Thermique Moteur SA
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Valeo Thermique Moteur SA
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Publication of EP0647822A1 publication Critical patent/EP0647822A1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D9/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D9/0012—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the apparatus having an annular form
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2230/00—Sealing means
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S165/00—Heat exchange
    • Y10S165/916—Oil cooler

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a plate heat exchanger, suitable for allowing a heat exchange between two fluids and which can be used in particular for cooling the lubricating oil, that is to say the engine oil and / or oil from the gearbox of a motor vehicle.
  • the plates have the general shape of a disc which usually has a circular inner lip and a circular peripheral lip, said lips extending in a plane perpendicular to the stacking direction. So when the lips counterparts of two adjacent plates, forming part of the same pair, are joined together, for example by brazing, these two plates define an annular blade for the circulation of the first fluid, for example oil.
  • each plate has two diametrically opposite passage openings, namely an inlet opening and an outlet opening, each opening being bordered by a lip capable of '' be joined tightly to a homologous lip of an adjacent plate.
  • Such heat exchangers are used in particular for cooling the lubricating oil from an engine block.
  • a threaded pin serving, on the one hand, for fixing the heat exchanger on the engine block and, on the other hand, for the fixing an oil filter on the heat exchanger.
  • the hollow central tube then serves to return the oil to the engine block, either directly in the tube, or via the threaded axis which is then made hollow.
  • a bypass fitted with a valve which is normally open when the oil is cold and viscous and closed when the oil is hot and fluid.
  • the oil flows directly through the exchanger from the inlet to the bypass, passing through the inlet openings on the plates, to reach the filter directly and return to the engine via the tube or the central axis, the oil then not being cooled.
  • the valve closed position the oil is distributed in each blade through the plate inlet openings and it leaves each blade through the plate outlet openings to reach a passage communicating with the filter, the return to the engine is carried out through the duct or the central axis, the oil then being cooled by heat exchange with the coolant.
  • this method of assembly reduces the useful heat exchange surface of each plate.
  • the seal between the first and the second fluid is ensured, on the one hand, thanks to the central tube and, on the other hand, thanks to the contact of two flat surfaces formed in relief on the two adjacent plates of two pairs different. Furthermore, in the event of failure of the heat exchanger, a leak may occur, leading to mixing of the first fluid with the second fluid.
  • the object of the invention is in particular to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks.
  • each pair of plates comprises a first plate and a second plate provided respectively with a first internal cylindrical collar and a second internal cylindrical collar which surround the central tube. , extend parallel to the stacking direction and overlap each other.
  • the first plate has a generally planar annular face connecting directly with the first collar
  • the second plate has a generally planar annular face connecting with the second collar via a clean overhanging annular part in contact with the planar annular face of the first plate of an adjacent pair of plates, to form a tight junction
  • This junction is created by the contact due to the stacking of two flat surfaces extending perpendicular to the stacking direction.
  • the fluids flowing on either side of this junction are the first fluid and the second fluid, since the surfaces in contact are completely distinct from each other.
  • the first collar extends between the central tube and the second collar.
  • the invention also provides that the first plate and the second plate are respectively provided with a first outer circular rim and a second outer circular rim disposed near the housing and overlapping each other.
  • the first outer circular rim extends between the second outer circular rim and the housing.
  • the second outer circular rim extends between the first outer circular rim and the housing.
  • the first outer circular rim and the second circular rim outside are advantageously both coiled edges.
  • Such an assembly method increases the overlap surface between the two flanges to guarantee a better seal between the first fluid flowing between the two plates of the same pair and the second fluid flowing at the periphery of the plates.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 represent a plate heat exchanger used, in the example, for cooling the engine oil of a motor vehicle.
  • the exchanger 10 comprises a housing 12 having a casing wall defined by generators parallel to an axis XX.
  • This envelope wall ( Figure 2) comprises a semi-cylindrical wall 14 connecting to two parallel flat walls 16 and 18 which themselves connect, respectively by rounded edges 20 and 22, to a flat wall 24 perpendicular to the walls 16 and 18. From the wall 24 extend two tubes 26 and 28 respectively serving for the inlet and the outlet of the cooling liquid, for example glycol water.
  • the exchanger further comprises a stack of plates 30 arranged in pairs and alternately inside the housing around a central tube 32 defining a stacking direction XX.
  • the plates 30, also called half-plates, are generally similar and each have the general shape of an annular disc suitable for surrounding the central tube 32 and for being housed inside the housing 12.
  • each pair of plates comprises a first plate 30-1 and a second plate 30-2 respectively provided with a first internal cylindrical collar 34-1 and a second internal cylindrical collar 34-2 which surround the central tube 32, extend parallel to the stacking direction XX and partially overlap.
  • the first plate 30-1 has a generally planar annular face 36-1 connecting directly with the first collar 34-1
  • the second plate 30-2 has a generally planar annular face 36-2 connecting with the second collar 34 -2 via an overhanging annular part 38 suitable for coming into contact with the planar annular face 36-1 of the first plate 30-1 of a pair of adjacent plates to form a tight junction.
  • the first collar 34-1 extends between the central tube 32 and the second collar 34-2.
  • the first plate 30-1 and the second plate 30-2 are respectively provided with a first external circular rim 40-1 and a second external circular rim 40-2 arranged near of the housing and overlapping each other.
  • the first outer circular rim 40-1 extends between the second circular rim 40-2 and the housing 12.
  • the second outer circular rim 40-2 extends between the first outer circular rim 40-1 and the housing 12.
  • the two circular edges 40-1 and 40-2 are both rolled edges.
  • each blade has two diametrically opposite passage openings, namely an opening of inlet 44 limited by a peripheral lip 46 and an outlet opening 48 limited by a peripheral lip 50 (FIG. 2).
  • Each of the lips 46 and 50 is capable of being joined in a sealed manner to a homologous opening of an adjacent plate.
  • the plates 30 (plates 30-1 and 30-2 arranged in pairs) are preferably joined together by brazing and the stack of plates is inserted into the housing around the central tube 32 of axis XX.
  • the heat exchanger 10 further comprises an annular bottom 56 which has an opening 58 situated in alignment with the openings 44 and constituting the oil inlet of the exchanger.
  • the bottom 56 is held by a seal-holder cup 60 placed between the casing of the housing and the central tube 48.
  • the heat exchanger comprises a seal holder cup 62 connected to the casing of the housing and to the central tube 32.
  • the cup 62 has a bypass 64 located in the axial alignment of the openings 44 and controlled by a valve 66, as well as a passage opening 68 arranged in alignment with the openings 44.
  • the heat exchanger 10 is intended to be fixed to an engine block 70 and to receive an oil filter 72, the fixing of the exchanger on the engine block and the fixing of the oil filter on the exchanger being carried out by example by means of a hollow threaded pin as described in document FR-A-2 214 873 already cited.
  • the exchanger 10 operates in the following manner. When the oil is cold and viscous, it enters the exchanger 10 through the opening 58 and, under the effect of the high viscosity of the oil, this results in a rise in the pressure which causes the opening of the valve 66. The oil passes directly through the exchanger from the inlet 58 to the bypass 64 through the openings 44 formed in the plates 30. The oil then passes through the filter and returns to the engine block via the central tube 32.
  • valve 66 When the oil is hot and fluid, the valve 66 is closed. The oil is then distributed in each annular blade 42 through the openings 44 and it emerges from each blade through the openings 48 to reach the opening 68. The oil then passes through the filter and returns to the engine block through the tube central 32.
  • inner collars 34-1 and 34-2 provide an oil / oil seal which is not of a critical nature.
  • the assembly between the outer circular flanges 40-1 and 40-2 is obtained by flanges overlapping over a significant distance and therefore ensuring a secure seal between the oil and the coolant.

Abstract

The invention relates to a plate heat exchanger for exhanging heat between a first fluid and a second fluid. It comprises a casing (12) provided with an inlet tube (26) and an outlet tube for the second fluid, a stack of pannels arranged in pairs and alternately inside the casing about a central axis (32) along a stacking direction XX, each pair of plates comprising a first plate (30-1) and a second plate (30-2) which are respectively provided with a first inner cylindrical collar (34-1) and a second inner cylindrical collar (34-2) which surround the central tube (32) and extend parallel to the stacking direction while mutually overlapping. Application in particular to cooling the lubrication oil of a motor vehicle engine. <IMAGE>

Description

L'invention concerne un échangeur de chaleur à lames, propre à permettre un échange thermique entre deux fluides et pouvant être utilisé notamment pour le refroidissement de l'huile de lubrification, c'est-à-dire de l'huile du moteur et/ou de l'huile de la boîte de vitesses, d'un véhicule automobile.The invention relates to a plate heat exchanger, suitable for allowing a heat exchange between two fluids and which can be used in particular for cooling the lubricating oil, that is to say the engine oil and / or oil from the gearbox of a motor vehicle.

On connaît déjà, en particulier d'après FR-A-2214873, un échangeur de chaleur à lames, propre à réaliser un échange thermique entre un premier fluide, par exemple une huile à refroidir, et un second fluide, par exemple un liquide de refroidissement, qui comprend :

  • un boîtier muni d'une tubulure d'entrée et d'une tubulure de sortie pour le second fluide,
  • un empilage de plaques disposées par paires et de façon alternée à l'intérieur du boîtier, autour d'un tube central définissant une direction d'empilage, de sorte que les plaques d'une même paire définissent entre elles une lame de circulation pour le premier fluide et que les paires de plaques définissent à leur périphérie, et à l'intérieur du boîtier, des lames de circulation pour le second fluide qui communiquent entre elles, et
  • des moyens de communication propres à permettre la circulation du premier fluide entre les paires successives de plaques depuis une entrée du premier fluide jusqu'à une sortie du premier fluide.
Already known, in particular from FR-A-2214873, a plate heat exchanger, capable of performing a heat exchange between a first fluid, for example an oil to be cooled, and a second fluid, for example a liquid cooling, which includes:
  • a housing fitted with an inlet pipe and an outlet pipe for the second fluid,
  • a stack of plates arranged in pairs and alternately inside the housing, around a central tube defining a stacking direction, so that the plates of the same pair define between them a circulation blade for the first fluid and that the pairs of plates define at their periphery, and inside the housing, circulation blades for the second fluid which communicate with each other, and
  • means of communication suitable for allowing the circulation of the first fluid between the successive pairs of plates from an inlet of the first fluid to an outlet of the first fluid.

Dans les échangeurs de chaleur connus de ce type, les plaques ont la forme générale d'un disque qui présente habituellement une lèvre intérieure circulaire et une lèvre périphérique circulaire, lesdites lèvres s'étendant dans un plan perpendiculaire à la direction d'empilage. Ainsi, lorsque les lèvres homologues de deux plaques adjacentes, faisant partie d'une même paire, sont réunies entre elles, par exemple par brasage, ces deux plaques définissent une lame annulaire pour la circulation du premier fluide, par exemple de l'huile.In known heat exchangers of this type, the plates have the general shape of a disc which usually has a circular inner lip and a circular peripheral lip, said lips extending in a plane perpendicular to the stacking direction. So when the lips counterparts of two adjacent plates, forming part of the same pair, are joined together, for example by brazing, these two plates define an annular blade for the circulation of the first fluid, for example oil.

Pour assurer le passage de ce premier fluide d'une paire de plaques à une autre, chaque plaque comporte deux ouvertures de passage diamétralement opposées, à savoir une ouverture d'entrée et une ouverture de sortie, chaque ouverture étant bordée par une lèvre susceptible d'être réunie de manière étanche à une lèvre homologue d'une plaque adjacente.To ensure the passage of this first fluid from one pair of plates to another, each plate has two diametrically opposite passage openings, namely an inlet opening and an outlet opening, each opening being bordered by a lip capable of '' be joined tightly to a homologous lip of an adjacent plate.

De tels échangeurs de chaleur sont utilisés tout particulièrement pour le refroidissement de l'huile de lubrification issue d'un bloc moteur. Dans le tube central, autour duquel sont enfilées les plaques en forme de disques, est engagé un axe fileté servant, d'une part, à la fixation de l'échangeur de chaleur sur le bloc moteur et, d'autre part, à la fixation d'un filtre à huile sur l'échangeur de chaleur. Le tube central creux sert alors au retour de l'huile vers le bloc moteur, soit directement dans le tube, soit par l'intermédiaire de l'axe fileté qui est alors réalisé creux.Such heat exchangers are used in particular for cooling the lubricating oil from an engine block. In the central tube, around which the disc-shaped plates are threaded, is engaged a threaded pin serving, on the one hand, for fixing the heat exchanger on the engine block and, on the other hand, for the fixing an oil filter on the heat exchanger. The hollow central tube then serves to return the oil to the engine block, either directly in the tube, or via the threaded axis which is then made hollow.

En outre, dans un échangeur de chaleur connu de ce type, il est prévu habituellement un bipasse muni d'un clapet qui est normalement ouvert lorsque l'huile est froide et visqueuse et fermé lorsque l'huile est chaude et fluide. Dans la position d'ouverture du clapet, l'huile traverse directement l'échangeur depuis l'entrée jusqu'au bipasse, en passant par les ouvertures d'entrée des plaques, pour parvenir directement au filtre et revenir au moteur par le tube ou l'axe central, l'huile n'étant alors pas refroidie. Dans la position de fermeture du clapet, l'huile est distribuée dans chaque lame par les ouvertures d'entrée des plaques et elle quitte chaque lame par les ouvertures de sortie des plaques pour parvenir vers un passage communiquant avec le filtre, le retour vers le moteur s'effectuant par le conduit ou l'axe central, l'huile étant alors refroidie par échange thermique avec le liquide de refroidissement.In addition, in a known heat exchanger of this type, there is usually provided a bypass fitted with a valve which is normally open when the oil is cold and viscous and closed when the oil is hot and fluid. In the valve open position, the oil flows directly through the exchanger from the inlet to the bypass, passing through the inlet openings on the plates, to reach the filter directly and return to the engine via the tube or the central axis, the oil then not being cooled. In the valve closed position, the oil is distributed in each blade through the plate inlet openings and it leaves each blade through the plate outlet openings to reach a passage communicating with the filter, the return to the engine is carried out through the duct or the central axis, the oil then being cooled by heat exchange with the coolant.

Les échangeurs de chaleur connus présentent différents inconvénients dus au fait que les plaques d'une même paire sont assemblées entre elles par des lèvres planes s'étendant perpendiculairement à la direction d'empilage.Known heat exchangers have various drawbacks due to the fact that the plates of the same pair are joined together by planar lips extending perpendicular to the stacking direction.

Tout d'abord, ce mode d'assemblage réduit la surface d'échange thermique utile de chaque plaque.First of all, this method of assembly reduces the useful heat exchange surface of each plate.

En outre, l'étanchéité entre le premier et le second fluide est assurée, d'une part, grâce au tube central et, d'autre part, grâce au contact de deux surfaces planes formées en relief sur les deux plaques adjacentes de deux paires différentes. Par ailleurs, en cas de défaillance de l'échangeur de chaleur, il peut se produire une fuite conduisant à un mélange du premier fluide avec le second fluide.In addition, the seal between the first and the second fluid is ensured, on the one hand, thanks to the central tube and, on the other hand, thanks to the contact of two flat surfaces formed in relief on the two adjacent plates of two pairs different. Furthermore, in the event of failure of the heat exchanger, a leak may occur, leading to mixing of the first fluid with the second fluid.

L'invention a notamment pour but de surmonter les inconvénients précités.The object of the invention is in particular to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks.

Elle propose en conséquence un échangeur de chaleur à lames du type précité, dans lequel chaque paire de plaques comprend une première plaque et une seconde plaque munies respectivement d'un premier collet cylindrique intérieur et d'un second collet cylindrique intérieur qui entourent le tube central, s'étendent parallèlement à la direction d'empilage et se recouvrent mutuellement.It therefore proposes a plate-type heat exchanger of the aforementioned type, in which each pair of plates comprises a first plate and a second plate provided respectively with a first internal cylindrical collar and a second internal cylindrical collar which surround the central tube. , extend parallel to the stacking direction and overlap each other.

Ainsi, ces deux collets assurent l'étanchéité entre le premier fluide circulant à l'intérieur des paires de plaques et ce même premier fluide circulant dans le tube central. Par conséquent, si une défaillance intervient au niveau de la jonction entre un premier collet et un second collet, elle n'entraîne pas de conséquences graves.Thus, these two collars ensure the seal between the first fluid circulating inside the pairs of plates and this same first fluid circulating in the central tube. Consequently, if a failure occurs at the junction between a first collar and a second collar, it does not have serious consequences.

Par ailleurs, cet agencement particulier permet d'avoir une surface d'échange thermique accrue par rapport à celle obtenue dans la technique antérieure.Furthermore, this particular arrangement makes it possible to have an increased heat exchange surface compared to that obtained in the prior art.

Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, la première plaque possède une face annulaire généralement plane se raccordant directement avec le premier collet, tandis que la seconde plaque possède une face annulaire généralement plane se raccordant avec le second collet par l'intermédiaire d'une partie annulaire en surplomb propre à venir en contact avec la face annulaire plane de la première plaque d'une paire de plaques adjacente, pour former une jonction étanche.According to another characteristic of the invention, the first plate has a generally planar annular face connecting directly with the first collar, while the second plate has a generally planar annular face connecting with the second collar via a clean overhanging annular part in contact with the planar annular face of the first plate of an adjacent pair of plates, to form a tight junction.

Cette jonction est créée par le contact dû à l'empilage de deux surfaces planes s'étendant perpendiculairement à la direction d'empilage. Les fluides circulant de part et d'autre de cette jonction sont le premier fluide et le second fluide, puisque les surfaces en contact sont totalement distinctes l'une de l'autre.This junction is created by the contact due to the stacking of two flat surfaces extending perpendicular to the stacking direction. The fluids flowing on either side of this junction are the first fluid and the second fluid, since the surfaces in contact are completely distinct from each other.

Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, le premier collet s'étend entre le tube central et le second collet.According to another characteristic of the invention, the first collar extends between the central tube and the second collar.

L'invention prévoit également que la première plaque et la seconde plaque sont munies respectivement d'un premier rebord circulaire extérieur et d'un second rebord circulaire extérieur disposés près du boîtier et se recouvrant mutuellement.The invention also provides that the first plate and the second plate are respectively provided with a first outer circular rim and a second outer circular rim disposed near the housing and overlapping each other.

Là encore, cet agencement permet d'augmenter la surface thermique utile par rapport à un assemblage par lèvres comme dans la technique antérieure.Here again, this arrangement makes it possible to increase the useful thermal surface compared to an assembly by lips as in the prior art.

Dans une première forme de réalisation, le premier rebord circulaire extérieur s'étend entre le second rebord circulaire extérieur et le boîtier.In a first embodiment, the first outer circular rim extends between the second outer circular rim and the housing.

Dans une autre forme de réalisation, le second rebord circulaire extérieur s'étend entre le premier rebord circulaire extérieur et le boîtier.In another embodiment, the second outer circular rim extends between the first outer circular rim and the housing.

Quelle que soit la forme de réalisation choisie, le premier rebord circulaire extérieur et le second rebord circulaire extérieur sont avantageusement tous deux des rebords enroulés.Whatever the embodiment chosen, the first outer circular rim and the second circular rim outside are advantageously both coiled edges.

Un tel mode d'assemblage augmente la surface de recouvrement entre les deux rebords pour garantir une meilleure étanchéité entre le premier fluide circulant entre les deux plaques d'une même paire et le second fluide circulant à la périphérie des plaques.Such an assembly method increases the overlap surface between the two flanges to guarantee a better seal between the first fluid flowing between the two plates of the same pair and the second fluid flowing at the periphery of the plates.

Dans la description qui suit, faite à titre d'exemple, on se réfère aux dessins annexés, sur lesquels :

  • la figure 1 est une vue en coupe axiale d'un échangeur de chaleur à lames selon l'invention, la coupe étant réalisée selon la ligne I-I de la figure 2;
  • la figure 2 est une vue en coupe selon la ligne II-II de la figure 1;
  • la figure 3 est une vue en coupe partielle, et à échelle agrandie, selon la ligne III-III de la figure 2; et
  • la figure 4 est une vue analogue à la figure 3 dans une variante de réalisation.
In the description which follows, given by way of example, reference is made to the appended drawings, in which:
  • Figure 1 is an axial sectional view of a leaf heat exchanger according to the invention, the section being taken along line II of Figure 2;
  • Figure 2 is a sectional view along line II-II of Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is a partial sectional view, on an enlarged scale, along the line III-III of Figure 2; and
  • Figure 4 is a view similar to Figure 3 in an alternative embodiment.

On se réfère tout d'abord aux figures 1 et 2 qui représentent un échangeur de chaleur à lames utilisé, dans l'exemple, pour le refroidissement de l'huile du moteur d'un véhicule automobile. L'échangeur 10 comprend un boîtier 12 possédant une paroi d'enveloppe définie par des génératrices parallèles à un axe XX. Cette paroi d'enveloppe (figure 2) comprend une paroi semi-cylindrique 14 se raccordant à deux parois planes parallèles 16 et 18 qui se raccordent elles-mêmes, respectivement par des bords arrondis 20 et 22, à une paroi plane 24 perpendiculaire aux parois 16 et 18. De la paroi 24 s'étendent deux tubulures 26 et 28 servant respectivement à l'entrée et à la sortie du liquide de refroidissement, par exemple de l'eau glycolée.First of all, reference is made to FIGS. 1 and 2 which represent a plate heat exchanger used, in the example, for cooling the engine oil of a motor vehicle. The exchanger 10 comprises a housing 12 having a casing wall defined by generators parallel to an axis XX. This envelope wall (Figure 2) comprises a semi-cylindrical wall 14 connecting to two parallel flat walls 16 and 18 which themselves connect, respectively by rounded edges 20 and 22, to a flat wall 24 perpendicular to the walls 16 and 18. From the wall 24 extend two tubes 26 and 28 respectively serving for the inlet and the outlet of the cooling liquid, for example glycol water.

L'échangeur comporte en outre un empilage de plaques 30 disposées par paires et de façon alternée à l'intérieur du boîtier autour d'un tube central 32 définissant une direction d'empilage XX.The exchanger further comprises a stack of plates 30 arranged in pairs and alternately inside the housing around a central tube 32 defining a stacking direction XX.

Les plaques 30, encore appelées demi-plaques, sont généralement semblables et ont chacune la forme générale d'un disque annulaire propre à entourer le tube central 32 et à se loger à l'intérieur du boîtier 12.The plates 30, also called half-plates, are generally similar and each have the general shape of an annular disc suitable for surrounding the central tube 32 and for being housed inside the housing 12.

Comme on peut le voir sur les figures 1 et 3, chaque paire de plaques comprend une première plaque 30-1 et une seconde plaque 30-2 munies respectivement d'un premier collet cylindrique intérieur 34-1 et d'un second collet cylindrique intérieur 34-2 qui entourent le tube central 32, s'étendent parallèlement à la direction d'empilage XX et se recouvrent partiellement.As can be seen in Figures 1 and 3, each pair of plates comprises a first plate 30-1 and a second plate 30-2 respectively provided with a first internal cylindrical collar 34-1 and a second internal cylindrical collar 34-2 which surround the central tube 32, extend parallel to the stacking direction XX and partially overlap.

La première plaque 30-1 possède une face annulaire généralement plane 36-1 se raccordant directement avec le premier collet 34-1, tandis que la seconde plaque 30-2 possède une face annulaire généralement plane 36-2 se raccordant avec le second collet 34-2 par l'intermédiaire d'une partie annulaire en surplomb 38 propre à venir en contact avec la face annulaire plane 36-1 de la première plaque 30-1 d'une paire de plaques adjacente pour former une jonction étanche.The first plate 30-1 has a generally planar annular face 36-1 connecting directly with the first collar 34-1, while the second plate 30-2 has a generally planar annular face 36-2 connecting with the second collar 34 -2 via an overhanging annular part 38 suitable for coming into contact with the planar annular face 36-1 of the first plate 30-1 of a pair of adjacent plates to form a tight junction.

Dans la forme de réalisation des figures 1 et 3, le premier collet 34-1 s'étend entre le tube central 32 et le second collet 34-2.In the embodiment of Figures 1 and 3, the first collar 34-1 extends between the central tube 32 and the second collar 34-2.

Par ailleurs, comme montré aux figures 1 et 3, la première plaque 30-1 et la seconde plaque 30-2 sont munies respectivement d'un premier rebord circulaire extérieur 40-1 et d'un second rebord circulaire extérieur 40-2 disposés près du boîtier et se recouvrant mutuellement.Furthermore, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, the first plate 30-1 and the second plate 30-2 are respectively provided with a first external circular rim 40-1 and a second external circular rim 40-2 arranged near of the housing and overlapping each other.

Dans la forme de réalisation de la figure 3, le premier rebord circulaire extérieur 40-1 s'étend entre le second rebord circulaire 40-2 et le boîtier 12.In the embodiment of FIG. 3, the first outer circular rim 40-1 extends between the second circular rim 40-2 and the housing 12.

Dans la forme de réalisation de la figure 4, le second rebord circulaire extérieur 40-2 s'étend entre le premier rebord circulaire extérieur 40-1 et le boîtier 12.In the embodiment of FIG. 4, the second outer circular rim 40-2 extends between the first outer circular rim 40-1 and the housing 12.

Dans la forme de réalisation de la figure 3 ou celle de la figure 4, les deux rebords circulaires 40-1 et 40-2 sont tous deux des rebords enroulés.In the embodiment of Figure 3 or that of Figure 4, the two circular edges 40-1 and 40-2 are both rolled edges.

Lorsque les deux plaques 30-1 et 30-2 d'une même paire sont réunies entre elles par leurs collets intérieurs respectifs 34-1 et 34-2 et par leurs rebords extérieurs respectifs 40-1 et 40-2, elles définissent entre elles une lame annulaire 42 pour la circulation de l'huile.When the two plates 30-1 and 30-2 of the same pair are joined together by their respective inner collars 34-1 and 34-2 and by their respective outer edges 40-1 and 40-2, they define between them an annular blade 42 for the circulation of the oil.

Pour assurer le passage de l'huile d'une paire de plaques à une autre, c'est-à-dire d'une lame 42 à une autre, chaque lame comporte deux ouvertures de passage diamétralement opposées, à savoir une ouverture d'entrée 44 limitée par une lèvre périphérique 46 et une ouverture de sortie 48 limitée par une lèvre périphérique 50 (figure 2). Chacune des lèvres 46 et 50 est susceptible d'être réunie de manière étanche à une ouverture homologue d'une plaque adjacente.To ensure the passage of oil from one pair of plates to another, that is to say from one blade 42 to another, each blade has two diametrically opposite passage openings, namely an opening of inlet 44 limited by a peripheral lip 46 and an outlet opening 48 limited by a peripheral lip 50 (FIG. 2). Each of the lips 46 and 50 is capable of being joined in a sealed manner to a homologous opening of an adjacent plate.

Les plaques 30 (plaques 30-1 et 30-2 disposées par paires) sont réunies entre elles de préférence par brasage et la pile des plaques est insérée dans le boîtier autour du tube central 32 d'axe XX.The plates 30 (plates 30-1 and 30-2 arranged in pairs) are preferably joined together by brazing and the stack of plates is inserted into the housing around the central tube 32 of axis XX.

Il en résulte que les collets 34-1 des paires de plaques viennent en contact contre la surface externe du tube 32, tandis que les rebords circulaires 40-1 ou 40-2 viennent à proximité de la paroi 14 du boîtier 12. On définit ainsi entre deux paires de plaques adjacentes une lame 52 pour la circulation du liquide de refroidissement à l'intérieur du boîtier. Ces lames communiquent entre elles dans la région annulaire 54 à l'intérieur du boîtier.It follows that the collars 34-1 of the pairs of plates come into contact against the external surface of the tube 32, while the circular flanges 40-1 or 40-2 come close to the wall 14 of the housing 12. This is thus defined between two pairs of adjacent plates a blade 52 for the circulation of the coolant inside the housing. These blades communicate with each other in the annular region 54 inside the housing.

L'échangeur de chaleur 10 comprend en outre un fond annulaire 56 qui présente une ouverture 58 située dans l'alignement des ouvertures 44 et constituant l'entrée d'huile de l'échangeur. Le fond 56 est maintenu par une coupelle porte-joint 60 disposée entre l'enveloppe du boîtier et le tube central 48.The heat exchanger 10 further comprises an annular bottom 56 which has an opening 58 situated in alignment with the openings 44 and constituting the oil inlet of the exchanger. The bottom 56 is held by a seal-holder cup 60 placed between the casing of the housing and the central tube 48.

A son autre extrémité, l'échangeur de chaleur comprend une coupelle porte-joint 62 reliée à l'enveloppe du boîtier et au tube central 32. La coupelle 62 comporte un bipasse 64 situé dans l'alignement axial des ouvertures 44 et contrôlé par un clapet 66, ainsi qu'une ouverture de passage 68 disposée dans l'alignement des ouvertures 44.At its other end, the heat exchanger comprises a seal holder cup 62 connected to the casing of the housing and to the central tube 32. The cup 62 has a bypass 64 located in the axial alignment of the openings 44 and controlled by a valve 66, as well as a passage opening 68 arranged in alignment with the openings 44.

L'échangeur de chaleur 10 est destiné à être fixé sur un bloc moteur 70 et à recevoir un filtre à huile 72, la fixation de l'échangeur sur le bloc moteur et la fixation du filtre à huile sur l'échangeur s'effectuant par exemple au moyen d'un axe fileté creux de la manière décrite dans le document FR-A-2 214 873 déjà cité.The heat exchanger 10 is intended to be fixed to an engine block 70 and to receive an oil filter 72, the fixing of the exchanger on the engine block and the fixing of the oil filter on the exchanger being carried out by example by means of a hollow threaded pin as described in document FR-A-2 214 873 already cited.

L'échangeur 10 fonctionne de la manière suivante. Lorsque l'huile est froide et visqueuse, elle pénètre dans l'échangeur 10 par l'ouverture 58 et, sous l'effet de la viscosité élevée de l'huile, il en résulte une élévation de la pression qui provoque l'ouverture du clapet 66. L'huile traverse directement l'échangeur de l'entrée 58 au bipasse 64 par les ouvertures 44 ménagées dans les plaques 30. L'huile traverse ensuite le filtre et revient vers le bloc moteur par le tube central 32.The exchanger 10 operates in the following manner. When the oil is cold and viscous, it enters the exchanger 10 through the opening 58 and, under the effect of the high viscosity of the oil, this results in a rise in the pressure which causes the opening of the valve 66. The oil passes directly through the exchanger from the inlet 58 to the bypass 64 through the openings 44 formed in the plates 30. The oil then passes through the filter and returns to the engine block via the central tube 32.

Lorsque l'huile est chaude et fluide, le clapet 66 est fermé. L'huile est alors distribuée dans chaque lame annulaire 42 par les ouvertures 44 et elle ressort de chaque lame par les ouvertures 48 pour parvenir jusqu'à l'ouverture 68. L'huile traverse ensuite le filtre et revient au bloc moteur par le tube central 32.When the oil is hot and fluid, the valve 66 is closed. The oil is then distributed in each annular blade 42 through the openings 44 and it emerges from each blade through the openings 48 to reach the opening 68. The oil then passes through the filter and returns to the engine block through the tube central 32.

Du fait de l'assemblage particulier des deux plaques 30-1 et 30-2 de chaque paire, on obtient, comme déjà indiqué, une surface d'échange thermique utile beaucoup plus grande, toutes choses égales par ailleurs, à celles obtenues avec les échangeurs de la technique antérieure.Due to the particular assembly of the two plates 30-1 and 30-2 of each pair, we obtain, as already indicated, a much larger useful heat exchange surface, all other things being equal to those obtained with the prior art exchangers.

De plus, les collets intérieurs 34-1 et 34-2 assurent une étanchéité huile/huile qui ne présente pas un caractère critique.In addition, the inner collars 34-1 and 34-2 provide an oil / oil seal which is not of a critical nature.

L'assemblage entre les rebords circulaires extérieurs 40-1 et 40-2 est obtenu par des rebords se recouvrant sur une distance notable et assurant par conséquent une étanchéité sûre entre l'huile et le liquide de refroidissement.The assembly between the outer circular flanges 40-1 and 40-2 is obtained by flanges overlapping over a significant distance and therefore ensuring a secure seal between the oil and the coolant.

Bien que l'invention ait été décrite en référence à des échangeurs de chaleur utilisés pour le refroidissement de l'huile de lubrification du moteur d'un véhicule automobile, ils peuvent être utilisés, de façon générale, pour l'échange thermique entre deux fluides.Although the invention has been described with reference to heat exchangers used for cooling the lubricating oil of the engine of a motor vehicle, they can be used, in general, for the heat exchange between two fluids .

Claims (7)

Echangeur de chaleur à lames, propre à réaliser un échange thermique entre un premier fluide, par exemple une huile à refroidir, et un deuxième fluide, par exemple un liquide de refroidissement, comprenant : - un boîtier (12) muni d'une tubulure d'entrée (26) et d'une tubulure de sortie (28) pour le second fluide; - un empilage de plaques (30) disposées par paires (30-1, 30-2) et de façon alternée à l'intérieur du boîtier, autour d'un tube central (32) suivant une direction d'empilage XX, de sorte que les plaques d'une même paire définissent entre elles une lame de circulation (42) pour le premier fluide et que les paires de plaques définissent entre elles et à l'intérieur du boîtier des lames (52) de circulation pour le second fluide qui communiquent entre elles; et - des moyens de communication (44,48) propres à permettre la circulation du premier fluide entre les paires successives depuis une entrée (58) du premier fluide jusqu'à une sortie (32) du premier fluide; caractérisé en ce que chaque paire de plaques comprend une première plaque (30-1) et une seconde plaque (30-2) munies respectivement d'un premier collet cylindrique intérieur (34-1) et d'un second collet cylindrique intérieur (34-2) qui entourent le tube central (32), s'étendent parallèlement à la direction d'empilage XX et se recouvrent mutuellement.Plate heat exchanger, capable of performing a heat exchange between a first fluid, for example an oil to be cooled, and a second fluid, for example a coolant, comprising: - a housing (12) provided with an inlet pipe (26) and an outlet pipe (28) for the second fluid; - a stack of plates (30) arranged in pairs (30-1, 30-2) and alternately inside the housing, around a central tube (32) in a stacking direction XX, so that the plates of the same pair define between them a circulation blade (42) for the first fluid and that the pairs of plates define between them and inside the housing of circulation blades (52) for the second fluid which communicate with each other; and - Communication means (44,48) suitable for allowing the circulation of the first fluid between the successive pairs from an inlet (58) of the first fluid to an outlet (32) of the first fluid; characterized in that each pair of plates comprises a first plate (30-1) and a second plate (30-2) respectively provided with a first internal cylindrical collar (34-1) and a second internal cylindrical collar (34 -2) which surround the central tube (32), extend parallel to the stacking direction XX and overlap each other. Echangeur de chaleur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la première plaque (30-1) possède une face annulaire généralement plane (36-1) se raccordant directement avec le premier collet (34-1), tandis que la seconde plaque (30-2) possède une face annulaire généralement plane (36-2) se raccordant avec le second collet (34-2) par l'intermédiaire d'une partie annulaire en surplomb (38) propre à venir en contact avec la face annulaire plane (36-1) de la première plaque (30-1) d'une paire adjacente pour former une jonction étanche.Heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that the first plate (30-1) has a generally planar annular face (36-1) connecting directly with the first collar (34-1), while the second plate ( 30-2) has a generally planar annular face (36-2) which is connected with the second collar (34-2) by means of an overhanging annular part (38) suitable for coming into contact with the planar annular face (36-1) from the first plate (30-1) of an adjacent pair to form a tight junction. Echangeur de chaleur selon l'une des revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce que le premier collet (34-1) s'étend entre le tube central (32) et le second collet (34-2).Heat exchanger according to one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the first collar (34-1) extends between the central tube (32) and the second collar (34-2). Echangeur de chaleur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que la première plaque (30-1) et la seconde plaque (30-2) sont munies respectivement d'un premier rebord circulaire extérieur (40-1) et d'un second rebord circulaire extérieur (40-2) disposés près du boîtier et se recouvrant mutuellement.Heat exchanger according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the first plate (30-1) and the second plate (30-2) are respectively provided with a first external circular rim (40-1) and a second outer circular rim (40-2) arranged near the housing and overlapping each other. Echangeur de chaleur selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que le premier rebord circulaire (40-1) s'étend entre le second rebord circulaire (40-2) et le boîtier (12).Heat exchanger according to claim 4, characterized in that the first circular rim (40-1) extends between the second circular rim (40-2) and the housing (12). Echangeur de chaleur selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que le second rebord circulaire extérieur (40-2) s'étend entre le premier rebord circulaire extérieur (40-1) et le boîtier (12).Heat exchanger according to claim 4, characterized in that the second outer circular rim (40-2) extends between the first outer circular rim (40-1) and the housing (12). Echangeur de chaleur selon l'une des revendications 4 à 6, caractérisé en ce que le premier rebord circulaire extérieur (40-1) et le second rebord circulaire extérieur (40-2) sont tous deux des rebords enroulés.Heat exchanger according to one of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that the first external circular rim (40-1) and the second external circular rim (40-2) are both rolled up rims.
EP94202948A 1993-10-12 1994-10-07 Laminated heat exchanger used more particularly as oil cooler Expired - Lifetime EP0647822B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9312133 1993-10-12
FR9312133A FR2711234B1 (en) 1993-10-12 1993-10-12 Leaf heat exchanger useful in particular as an oil cooler.

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EP0647822A1 true EP0647822A1 (en) 1995-04-12
EP0647822B1 EP0647822B1 (en) 1998-07-15

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US (1) US5588485A (en)
EP (1) EP0647822B1 (en)
KR (1) KR950012023A (en)
BR (1) BR9404068A (en)
DE (1) DE69411656T2 (en)
ES (1) ES2119067T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2711234B1 (en)

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FR2711234A1 (en) 1995-04-21
FR2711234B1 (en) 1995-11-24
BR9404068A (en) 1995-06-13
DE69411656D1 (en) 1998-08-20
US5588485A (en) 1996-12-31
EP0647822B1 (en) 1998-07-15
DE69411656T2 (en) 1998-11-05
ES2119067T3 (en) 1998-10-01
KR950012023A (en) 1995-05-16

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