EP0643254B1 - Lagerbehälter für Hochdruckgas sowie Anlage für die Lagerung und Lieferung von Hochdruckgas - Google Patents

Lagerbehälter für Hochdruckgas sowie Anlage für die Lagerung und Lieferung von Hochdruckgas Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0643254B1
EP0643254B1 EP94401922A EP94401922A EP0643254B1 EP 0643254 B1 EP0643254 B1 EP 0643254B1 EP 94401922 A EP94401922 A EP 94401922A EP 94401922 A EP94401922 A EP 94401922A EP 0643254 B1 EP0643254 B1 EP 0643254B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
reservoir
high pressure
insulated
parts
storing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP94401922A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0643254A1 (de
Inventor
Jean-Yves Lehman
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Air Liquide SA
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Original Assignee
Air Liquide SA
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Air Liquide SA, LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude filed Critical Air Liquide SA
Publication of EP0643254A1 publication Critical patent/EP0643254A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0643254B1 publication Critical patent/EP0643254B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
    • F17C1/12—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge with provision for thermal insulation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C7/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases from pressure vessels, not covered by another subclass
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0104—Shape cylindrical
    • F17C2201/0109—Shape cylindrical with exteriorly curved end-piece
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05—Size
    • F17C2201/054—Size medium (>1 m3)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
    • F17C2203/0345—Fibres
    • F17C2203/035—Glass wool
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/01—Mounting arrangements
    • F17C2205/0123—Mounting arrangements characterised by number of vessels
    • F17C2205/013—Two or more vessels
    • F17C2205/0134—Two or more vessels characterised by the presence of fluid connection between vessels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/01—Mounting arrangements
    • F17C2205/0123—Mounting arrangements characterised by number of vessels
    • F17C2205/013—Two or more vessels
    • F17C2205/0134—Two or more vessels characterised by the presence of fluid connection between vessels
    • F17C2205/0138—Two or more vessels characterised by the presence of fluid connection between vessels bundled in series
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/035—High pressure (>10 bar)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/01—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2225/0107—Single phase
    • F17C2225/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/03—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2225/035—High pressure, i.e. between 10 and 80 bars
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0302—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating
    • F17C2227/0304—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating using an electric heater
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0367—Localisation of heat exchange
    • F17C2227/0388—Localisation of heat exchange separate
    • F17C2227/0393—Localisation of heat exchange separate using a vaporiser
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/02—Improving properties related to fluid or fluid transfer

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to high pressure gas storage and supply installations and more particularly to a high pressure gas storage tank for such an installation.
  • the object of the present invention is to propose a new structure for a high pressure gas storage tank which overcomes these drawbacks.
  • the reservoir comprises a first part comprising means for maintaining a first cold temperature, typically below -100 ° C., a second part comprising means for maintaining a second temperature clearly higher, at the first temperature, typically higher than -20 ° C, and at least one passage establishing free fluid communication between the first and second parts of the tank and associated with means limiting the heat transfers between the first and second parts of tank.
  • the present invention also relates to an installation for storing and supplying gas under high pressure to at least one user station, comprising such a tank, the first outlet of which can be connected to the user station by a supply line comprising a heater.
  • the reservoir 1 comprises an oblong envelope 2 resistant to pressure defining an internal storage volume and comprising an upper part S where the envelope 2 is not insulated and is therefore in relation heat exchange with the ambient atmosphere, and a lower part of greater capacity I comprising a thermal insulation 3.
  • the lower part I insulated, comprises, at its base, a first outlet 4 from which leaves, at least a user station U, a supply line 5 comprising a heater or vaporizer 6, and a second outlet 7 to which is connected a first fluid circuit 8 comprising, outside the tank 1, a valve 9 controlled by the prevailing pressure in the tank and crossing a heat exchanger 10 in heat exchange relationship with the fluid in the lower part I of the tank 1 and then opening towards the outside of the lower part of the tank.
  • a second fluid circuit 11 comprising, in series, outside the tank 1, a heater 12, and a valve 13 controlled by the pressure prevailing in the tank 1, and opening into the latter by an inlet 30.
  • a filling pipe 14 In the lower part I opens a filling pipe 14 making it possible to fill the tank 1 with liquefied gas under high pressure.
  • the installation which has just been described can be used in isolation to supply the user station U with small quantities of gas under high pressure but is preferably used as a backup for a main unit 15 for supplying high pressure gas to the user station U , in which case the supply line 5 can be provided, at its downstream end, with a non-return valve 16.
  • the zone of the casing 2 bridging the junction between the two insulated I and non-insulated S parts comprises an interior insulation coating 17 defining, inside the envelope 2, at least one vertical internal passage 18 establishing free communication between the lower part I, containing the gas in liquid form, and the upper part S which thus precisely delimits a gaseous sky in the envelope 2.
  • the internal insulation 17 can extend inside the lower part I of the tank.
  • the passage 18 is delimited peripherally by a metal ferrule 19 extending at a distance, inwards, from the adjacent wall of the envelope 2, but hermetically connected by its upper end, at 20, to the latter, so as to provide, around the central passage 18, an annular space 21 communicating with the interior volume of the lower part I, isolating the passage 18 from the adjacent non-isolated portion of the part upper S of the casing 2 and limiting the thermal bridge at the junction between the two parts of the casing.
  • the ferrule 19 is peripherally coated with an insulation layer 22, typically made of porous material, for example a fiberglass fabric, substantially filling the annular space 21 between the ferrule 19 and the internal wall of the envelope. 2.
  • the envelope of the tank is made up of three parts: a lower main part 2A supporting an upper part of reduced dimensions 2B, connected to each other by a cylindrical intermediate part of reduced diameter 2C, only the lower part 2A being provided with insulation 3.
  • the passage 18 here is constituted by a tube 19 extending coaxially in the intermediate casing part 2C, internally spaced from the latter, and flaring in the upper S and lower parts I by end parts 19B and 19A having profiles corresponding substantially to the interior profiles of the corresponding envelope parts 2B and 2A, at a distance from the latter.
  • the upper end of the upper flared part 188 is tightly fixed to the upper envelope part 2B by an insulating ring 23 thus providing, all around the interior structure 19, 19B, 19A, an insulation space communicating with the lower part I of the tank but isolated from the upper part S and advantageously provided, at least partially with external insulation such as 22, as described above.
  • the skin temperature of the upper part of the envelope 2B is thus room temperature (+ 20 ° C.) while the 'essential of the internal passage structure 18, 18B, 18A, is maintained at the low temperature (about -180 ° C) prevailing in the lower part I of the tank 1.
  • the tank parts S and I are separate and each consists of a clean tank shell without insulation, advantageously comprising a narrowed end zone s and i, and arranged head to tail. While the "hot" tank part S is exposed to the surrounding atmosphere, the "cold” tank part I, as well as advantageously the end zone s of the "hot” tank part S are enclosed in a enclosure E filled with a thermally insulating material P, typically perlite.
  • a thermally insulating material P typically perlite.
  • the connecting tube 19 connecting the two tank parts extending into the enclosure E, the tube 19 extending, as in the embodiment of FIG. 2, in each tank part by an end part 19A, 19B, respectively, widening at a distance, inwards, from the adjacent wall of the tank part.
  • An insulator 22A, 22B, respectively is advantageously provided in the space between the ends of the tube 19 and the adjacent walls of the envelope parts.
  • the hot part S of the tank may include heating means, using for example a sample of a hot compressed gas from unit 15, and be itself slightly insulated.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Lagerbehälter für Gas unter hohem Druck, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß er einen ersten Teil (I), enthaltend Vorrichtungen (3; P; 10) zum Aufrechterhalten einer ersten Temperatur, einen zweiten Teil (S), enthaltend Vorrichtungen zum Aufrechterhalten einer zweiten Temperatur, die deutlich höher ist als die erste Temperatur, und mindestens einen Durchlaß (18), der einen freien Flüssigkeitsaustausch zwischen dem ersten (I) und dem zweiten (S) Behälterteil ermöglicht und mit Vorrichtungen (17; 22; P) verbunden ist, die die Wärmeübertragung zwischen den Behälterteilen begrenzen, umfaßt.
  2. Behälter nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der erste Behälterteil (I) thermisch isoliert ist und der zweite Behälterteil (S) nicht isoliert ist.
  3. Behälter nach Anspruch 1 oder Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der zweite Behälterteil (S) vom ersten Behälterteil (I) getragen wird.
  4. Behälter nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Durchlaß (18) von den angrenzenden Bestandteilen des ersten (I) und zweiten (S) Behälterteils thermisch isoliert ist (17; 21; 22).
  5. Behälter nach einem der Ansprüche 3 und 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der zentrale Durchlaß (18) durch eine innere Struktur (19) bestimmt ist, die sich in den ersten (I) und zweiten (S) Behälterteil erstreckt (19A; 19B).
  6. Behälter nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der erste Behälterteil (I) einen ersten Auslaß (7) aufweist und einen Leitungsabschnitt (8) einschließt, der beiderseits von außen in den ersten Teil (I) einmündet und einen Wärmetauscher (10) beinhaltet.
  7. Behälter nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der erste Behälterteil (I) mindestens einen ersten Einlaß (30) aufweist.
  8. Anlage zur Lagerung und zur Bereitstellung von Gas unter hohem Druck an mindestens einen Bedienungsstand (U), dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie mindestens einen Behälter (1) nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche umfaßt, wobei der erste Behälterteil (I) einen zweiten Auslaß (4) aufweist, der mit dem Bedienungsstand (U) durch eine Zulieferleitung (5), die eine Vorwärmeinrichtung (6) umfaßt, verbindbar ist.
  9. Anlage nach Anspruch 8, umfassend mindestens einen Behälter nach einem der Ansprüche 6 und 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Leitungsabschnitt mit dem ersten Auslaß (7) durch eine externe Rohrleitung (8) verbunden ist, die ein erstes Ventil zur Druckprüfung (9) umfaßt.
  10. Anlage nach Anspruch 9, umfassend mindestens einen Behälter nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der erste Einlaß (30) mit dem ersten Auslaß (7) durch eine zweite externe Rohrleitung (11) verbunden ist, die hintereinander eine Vorwärmeinrichtung (12) und ein zweites Ventil zur Druckprüfung (13) beinhaltet.
EP94401922A 1993-09-09 1994-08-30 Lagerbehälter für Hochdruckgas sowie Anlage für die Lagerung und Lieferung von Hochdruckgas Expired - Lifetime EP0643254B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9310701 1993-09-09
FR9310701A FR2709808B1 (fr) 1993-09-09 1993-09-09 Réservoir de stockage de gaz sous haute pression et installation de stockage et de fourniture de gaz sous haute pression.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0643254A1 EP0643254A1 (de) 1995-03-15
EP0643254B1 true EP0643254B1 (de) 1997-03-12

Family

ID=9450672

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP94401922A Expired - Lifetime EP0643254B1 (de) 1993-09-09 1994-08-30 Lagerbehälter für Hochdruckgas sowie Anlage für die Lagerung und Lieferung von Hochdruckgas

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US5502973A (de)
EP (1) EP0643254B1 (de)
JP (1) JPH07167397A (de)
CN (1) CN1104312A (de)
CA (1) CA2131590A1 (de)
DE (1) DE69402017T2 (de)
FR (1) FR2709808B1 (de)

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US6089226A (en) * 1996-11-22 2000-07-18 Aerospace Design & Development, Inc. Self contained, cryogenic mixed gas single phase storage and delivery
DE19531505B4 (de) * 1995-08-26 2006-07-06 Air Liquide Deutschland Gmbh Dosiervorrichtung zur Entnahme von Gasen aus einem Druckbehälter
DE10355998B3 (de) * 2003-11-27 2005-05-19 Hans Zucker Gmbh & Co. Kg Vakuumisolierter Kryobehälter
KR100716415B1 (ko) * 2006-09-26 2007-05-11 현대중공업 주식회사 액화천연가스 재기화설비에 사용되는 고압천연가스 펌프흡입용기
CN102853250A (zh) * 2012-08-28 2013-01-02 无锡普维设备制造有限公司 一种小型低温贮罐
BR202017000377Y1 (pt) * 2016-01-10 2022-06-14 Amsted Rail Company, Inc Estrutura de tanque de pressão de gás
CN112303487A (zh) * 2019-07-25 2021-02-02 李来发 一种家用散装液化气钢瓶保温盒
CN114198641B (zh) * 2021-12-08 2022-12-23 江阴市富仁高科股份有限公司 一种集装箱用压缩氢气组合瓶组及其加工工艺

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FR2379018A1 (fr) * 1976-12-23 1978-08-25 Air Liquide Procede et installation cryogeniques de distribution de gaz sous pression
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN1104312A (zh) 1995-06-28
DE69402017D1 (de) 1997-04-17
DE69402017T2 (de) 1997-06-19
CA2131590A1 (fr) 1995-03-10
JPH07167397A (ja) 1995-07-04
FR2709808B1 (fr) 1995-10-13
FR2709808A1 (fr) 1995-03-17
EP0643254A1 (de) 1995-03-15
US5502973A (en) 1996-04-02

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