EP0637723B1 - Exchanging apparatus for heating viscous fluids - Google Patents
Exchanging apparatus for heating viscous fluids Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0637723B1 EP0637723B1 EP94401761A EP94401761A EP0637723B1 EP 0637723 B1 EP0637723 B1 EP 0637723B1 EP 94401761 A EP94401761 A EP 94401761A EP 94401761 A EP94401761 A EP 94401761A EP 0637723 B1 EP0637723 B1 EP 0637723B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- external
- internal
- pipe
- pipes
- fluid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
- F24H1/10—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium
- F24H1/101—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium using electric energy supply
- F24H1/102—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium using electric energy supply with resistance
- F24H1/105—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium using electric energy supply with resistance formed by the tube through which the fluid flows
Definitions
- the invention relates to the heating of viscous food fluids circulating in an annular space heated by Joule effect. An application is planned for the sterilization of said food products.
- thermorheological especially fluids called "non Newtonian”. Heating methods of such fluids generally use exchangers tubular, plate heat exchangers or injection of steam.
- the profile thermal in steady state has a parabolic shape.
- the viscous fluid has a temperature close to that of the wall and in the heart of flow, the temperature may be lower by several tens of degrees. This heterogeneity of temperature is incompatible with treatment quality thermal (like sterilizing a agro-food product).
- the object of the invention is to remedy these disadvantages by proposing an exchanger device for heating a viscous fluid in a pipeline, but of different design.
- the heating means consist of energizing and in parallel the two pipes which are then electrically mounted in parallel, the holding means ensuring the passage of the electric current from the external pipe in the internal pipeline.
- the holding means are fins fixed longitudinally between the two pipes.
- the fins are used by three and are laid radially at 120 ° from each other.
- these fins have an electrical resistance much lower than that of the internal pipeline.
- connection piece perpendicular to the external surface of the external pipe.
- external pipe is reinforced by a sleeve for support each connection piece and avoid local overheating of the external pipe.
- the device according to the invention can be present in two different general forms.
- a first consists of several sections of pipes connected in series, each section comprising an internal pipe, a external pipe and two connecting pieces electric.
- the sections are connected to each other through elbows.
- each section comprising an internal pipe and a external pipe; a connecting piece is placed at each end of the device.
- a section of the device according to the invention mainly comprises an internal pipe 1 and an external pipe 2. These two pipes 1 and 2 are mounted concentric, i.e. they have the same positioning axis 6.
- the internal pipe 1 defines an internal space 4 which will remain empty during use of the device.
- the space ring 3 between the internal pipes 1 and external 2 is that in which the fluid circulates viscous to heat.
- the horizontal arrows symbolize the passage of this fluid between the two walls of this annular space 3.
- radial fins 5 are used arranged longitudinally between the two pipes.
- it is a group of three fins 5 which is shown, each angularly arranged with respect to each other, at 120 ° around the longitudinal axis 6 of the section. They are welded to the inner wall 1 and to the outer wall 2.
- the electrical connection of a section is made using at least one connecting piece electric 7 fixed to the external pipe 2.
- a sleeve 8 fixed around, or replacing the pipe external 2, as shown in Figure 1.
- the sleeve 8 has an internal diameter corresponding to the internal diameter of the external pipe 2.
- the fins 5 provide also the passage of electric current from the external pipeline in internal pipeline 1. From this fact, the internal 1 and external 2 pipes are electrically connected in parallel. To get a good distribution of electric current in the section, the fins 5 must have a resistance much lower than those of the pipeline internal 1.
- This device therefore has the advantage of show only a reduced temperature difference between the fluid close to the walls and the fluid located far from pipe walls. We also benefit from a reduction of the temperature difference between the walls internal 1 and external 2 and fluid lines, this reduction being linked to the decrease in heat flux density.
- the device presents also some advantages, such as the absence of inertia in operation and precise control of the temperature difference between the walls and the fluid viscous. In addition, no electrical insulation is necessary in this device.
- a first embodiment of the exchanger device is an assembly of several sections mounted in series. Each section has at its two ends 10A and 10B a connecting piece 7 to obtain the passage of current in the two pipes of the section 10.
- Each second end 10B of a section is connected to one end 10A of a following section by means an elbow 11 which, for its part, is not traversed by the electric current.
- the end 10B of the last section 10 N is not connected to an elbow, but constitutes the output of the device.
- a second realization of the device according to the invention consists in mount different sections 10 in parallel. Each section is connected to a viscous fluid supply 12 by its first end 10A. Every second end 10B of sections 10 is connected to an outlet of fluid 13. Each section 10 is of course equipped of connecting pieces 7 so that the current electric can run through both pipes internal and external to heat the viscous fluid.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Instantaneous Water Boilers, Portable Hot-Water Supply Apparatuses, And Control Of Portable Hot-Water Supply Apparatuses (AREA)
- Food Preservation Except Freezing, Refrigeration, And Drying (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
Abstract
Description
L'invention concerne le chauffage des fluides agro-alimentaires visqueux circulant dans un espace annulaire chauffé par effet Joule. Une application est prévue pour la stérilisation desdites produits agro-alimentaires.The invention relates to the heating of viscous food fluids circulating in an annular space heated by Joule effect. An application is planned for the sterilization of said food products.
Dans de nombreux procédés industriels, on est amené à chauffer des fluides divers. Nombreux sont mauvais conducteurs de la chaleur, très visqueux, thermosensibles et ont un comportement thermorhéologique complexe, en particulier les fluides dits "non newtoniens". Les méthodes de chauffage de tels fluides utilisent en général des échangeurs tubulaires, des échangeurs à plaques ou l'injection de vapeur.In many industrial processes, is required to heat various fluids. Many are poor conductors of heat, very viscous, thermosensitive and have a behavior complex thermorheological, especially fluids called "non Newtonian". Heating methods of such fluids generally use exchangers tubular, plate heat exchangers or injection of steam.
Pour traiter de tels fluides visqueux, ces techniques ne donnent pas toujours entière satisfaction et posent souvent de nombreux problèmes. La technique consistant à utiliser un tube à passage direct de courant, c'est-à-dire un échangeur électrique permet d'éviter certains de ces inconvénients. En effet, il est possible de contrôler de manière très précise l'écart de température entre la paroi et le fluide. De plus, ce système n'a pratiquement pas d'inertie. Par contre, dans le cas des échangeurs tubulaires, le traitement des fluides de très forte viscosité crée d'importantes pertes de charges, qui nécessitent l'utilisation de tubes de grand diamètre pour limiter ces pertes de charges. To treat such viscous fluids, these techniques are not always entirely satisfactory and often pose many problems. The technique consisting in using a direct passage tube of current, i.e. an electric exchanger allows avoid some of these drawbacks. Indeed, it is possible to control very precisely the temperature difference between the wall and the fluid. Of more, this system has practically no inertia. Through against, in the case of tubular exchangers, the treatment of very high viscosity fluids creates significant pressure losses, which require the use of large diameter tubes to limit these pressure losses.
Or, comme ces fluides visqueux sont également souvent de très mauvais conducteurs de la chaleur, le transfert thermique entre la paroi chaude du tube et le fluide est très difficile. En effet, la chaleur est transmise au fluide proche de la paroi. Par contre, en raison de la faible conductivité thermique de tels fluides visqueux, cette chaleur est difficilement transmissible au centre de la section du tube. Ainsi, pour une section donnée, le profil thermique en régime établi a une allure parabolique. Près de la paroi, le fluide visqueux a une température voisine de celle de la paroi et au coeur de l'écoulement, la température peut être inférieure de plusieurs dizaines de degrés. Cette hétérogénéité de température est incompatible avec un traitement thermique de qualité (comme la stérilisation d'un produit agro-alimentaire). Pour réduire cet écart de température, certains fabricants d'échangeurs tubulaires ont réalisé des échangeurs thermiques composés de plusieurs tubes concentriques voir, par exemple, FR-A-1 239 842, avec une circulation de fluide thermique de part et d'autre du fluide à chauffer. La mise en oeuvre de tels appareils reste complexe. De plus, ces appareils possèdent tous les inconvénients des échangeurs thermiques.Now, as these viscous fluids are also often very bad drivers of the heat, heat transfer between the hot wall of the tube and the fluid is very difficult. Indeed, the heat is transmitted to the fluid near the wall. Through against, due to the low thermal conductivity such viscous fluids, this heat is difficult to transmit to the center of the section tube. So, for a given section, the profile thermal in steady state has a parabolic shape. Near the wall, the viscous fluid has a temperature close to that of the wall and in the heart of flow, the temperature may be lower by several tens of degrees. This heterogeneity of temperature is incompatible with treatment quality thermal (like sterilizing a agro-food product). To reduce this gap by temperature, some exchanger manufacturers tubular heat exchangers composed of several concentric tubes see, for example, FR-A-1 239 842, with a circulation of thermal fluid on either side of the fluid to be heated. The implementation of such devices remains complex. In addition, these devices all have the disadvantages of heat exchangers.
D'autre part, on connaít des dispositifs de chauffage d'air dans une canalisation annulaire. On peut se référer, à cet effet, au document de brevet international PCT/WO 88 06482.On the other hand, there are known devices air heating in an annular duct. We can refer, for this purpose, to the patent document PCT / WO 88 06482.
Le but de l'invention est de remédier à ces inconvénients en proposant un dispositif échangeur pour le chauffage d'un fluide visqueux dans une canalisation, mais de conception différente. The object of the invention is to remedy these disadvantages by proposing an exchanger device for heating a viscous fluid in a pipeline, but of different design.
A cet effet, l'objet principal de l'invention est un dispositif échangeur pour le chauffage d'un fluide visqueux agro-alimentaire par passage dans un tronçon de canalisation annulaire, comprenant :
- une canalisation interne ;
- une canalisation externe entourant la canalisation interne ;
- des moyens de maintien de ces canalisations l'une par rapport à l'autre, le fluide devant circuler entre les deux canalisations interne et externe ; et
- des moyens de chauffage électrique de ces deux canalisations.
- an internal pipeline;
- an external pipe surrounding the internal pipe;
- means for holding these pipes with respect to each other, the fluid having to circulate between the two internal and external pipes; and
- means of electric heating of these two pipes.
Selon l'invention, les moyens de chauffage consistent à mettre sous tension électrique et en parallèle les deux canalisations qui sont alors montées électriquement en parallèle, les moyens de maintien assurant le passage du courant électrique de la canalisation externe dans la canalisation interne.According to the invention, the heating means consist of energizing and in parallel the two pipes which are then electrically mounted in parallel, the holding means ensuring the passage of the electric current from the external pipe in the internal pipeline.
De préférence, les moyens de maintien sont des ailettes fixées longitudinalement entre les deux canalisations.Preferably, the holding means are fins fixed longitudinally between the two pipes.
De préférence, les ailettes sont utilisées par trois et sont posées radialement à 120° les unes des autres.Preferably, the fins are used by three and are laid radially at 120 ° from each other.
Il est également préférable que ces ailettes aient une résistance électrique très inférieure à celle de la canalisation interne.It is also preferable that these fins have an electrical resistance much lower than that of the internal pipeline.
Dans une réalisation de l'invention, on utilise plusieurs tronçons comprenant chacun une canalisation interne et une canalisation externe et à chaque extrémité une pièce de raccordement électrique perpendiculaire à la surface externe de la canalisation externe. Dans ce cas, la canalisation externe est renforcée par un manchon pour supporter chaque pièce de raccordement et éviter une surchauffe locale de la canalisation externe. In one embodiment of the invention, use is made several sections each comprising a pipeline internal and an external pipe and at each end an electrical connection piece perpendicular to the external surface of the external pipe. In this case external pipe is reinforced by a sleeve for support each connection piece and avoid local overheating of the external pipe.
Le dispositif selon l'invention peut se présenter sous deux formes générales différentes.The device according to the invention can be present in two different general forms.
Une première est constituée de plusieurs tronçons de canalisations branchés en série, chaque tronçon comprenant une canalisation interne, une canalisation externe et deux pièces de raccordement électrique. Les tronçons sont reliés les uns aux autres par l'intermédiaire de coudes.A first consists of several sections of pipes connected in series, each section comprising an internal pipe, a external pipe and two connecting pieces electric. The sections are connected to each other through elbows.
Dans une deuxième réalisation générale, plusieurs tronçons sont branchés en parallèle, chaque tronçon comprenant une canalisation interne et une canalisation externe ; une pièce de raccordement électrique est placée à chaque extrémité du dispositif.In a second general realization, several sections are connected in parallel, each section comprising an internal pipe and a external pipe; a connecting piece is placed at each end of the device.
L'invention et ses différentes caractéristiques techniques seront mieux comprises à la lecture de la description, accompagnée de plusieurs figures représentant respectivement :
- figure 1, en coupe, un tronçon du dispositif selon l'invention ;
- figure 2, un schéma relatif à une première réalisation de la structure générale du dispositif selon l'invention ; et
- figure 3, un schéma relatif à une deuxième réalisation de la structure générale du dispositif selon l'invention.
- Figure 1, in section, a section of the device according to the invention;
- Figure 2, a diagram relating to a first embodiment of the general structure of the device according to the invention; and
- Figure 3, a diagram relating to a second embodiment of the general structure of the device according to the invention.
En référence à la figure 1, un tronçon du
dispositif selon l'invention comprend principalement
une canalisation interne 1 et une canalisation externe
2. Ces deux canalisations 1 et 2 sont montées
concentriques, c'est-à-dire qu'elles possèdent le même
axe de positionnement 6. La canalisation interne 1
définit un espace interne 4 qui restera vide lors de
l'utilisation du dispositif. Par contre, l'espace
annulaire 3 compris entre les canalisations interne 1
et externe 2 est celui dans lequel circule le fluide
visqueux à chauffer. Les flèches horizontales
symbolisent le passage de ce fluide entre les deux
parois de cet espace annulaire 3.Referring to Figure 1, a section of the
device according to the invention mainly comprises
an internal pipe 1 and an
Il est bien entendu nécessaire de maintenir
en position ces canalisations interne 1 et externe 2.
En conséquence, on utilise des ailettes radiales 5
disposées longitudinalement entre les deux
canalisations. Dans le tronçon de la figure 1, c'est un
groupe de trois ailettes 5 qui est représenté, chacune
disposée angulairement les unes par rapport aux autres,
à 120° autour de l'axe longitudinal 6 du tronçon. Elles
sont soudées à la paroi interne 1 et à la paroi externe
2.It is of course necessary to maintain
in position these internal 1 and external 2 pipes.
Consequently,
La connexion électrique d'un tronçon se
fait à l'aide d'au moins une pièce de raccordement
électrique 7 fixée à la canalisation externe 2. Pour
faciliter cette fixation, on utilise de préférence un
manchon 8 fixé autour, ou remplaçant la canalisation
externe 2, comme le montre la figure 1. Le manchon 8 a
un diamètre interne correspondant au diamètre interne
de la canalisation externe 2. Les ailettes 5 assurent
également le passage du courant électrique de la
canalisation externe dans la canalisation interne 1. De
ce fait, les canalisations interne 1 et externe 2 sont
montées électriquement en parallèle. Pour obtenir une
bonne répartition du courant électrique dans le
tronçon, les ailettes 5 doivent avoir une résistance
électrique très inférieure à celles de canalisation
interne 1. The electrical connection of a section is
made using at least one connecting piece
electric 7 fixed to the
On peut ainsi construire des dispositifs échangeurs selon l'invention en utilisant plusieurs tronçons, tels que celui qui vient d'être décrit.We can thus build devices exchangers according to the invention using several sections, such as the one just described.
A surface égale, on rappelle qu'une couronne possède une longueur de bords plus importante que celle d'un cercle. En conséquence, à section de canalisation égale, la canalisation annulaire, c'est-à-dire en couronne a beaucoup plus de surface de contact avec ces parois qu'une canalisation tubulaire cylindrique. Ceci a pour effet que le tronçon, tel que décrit précédemment, a une importante surface de contact avec ces parois et permet donc de transmettre une plus grande quantité de chaleur au fluide se déplaçant à l'intérieur de celle-ci, que la quantité de chaleur transmise par une simple canalisation tubulaire.For an equal surface, it is recalled that a crown has a longer edge length than that of a circle. Consequently, in section of equal pipeline, the annular pipeline, that is to say in crown has much more surface of contact with these walls that a tubular pipe cylindrical. This has the effect that the section, such as described above, has a large area of contact with these walls and therefore allows to transmit more heat to the fluid moving inside of it, that the amount of heat transmitted by a simple pipe tubular.
Ainsi donc, en faisant parcourir dans les
deux canalisations 1 et 2 d'un tronçon, un courant
électrique déterminé I, sous une tension électrique
déterminée U, les deux canalisations 1 et 2 montées en
parallèle s'échauffent par effet Joule. Elles
transmettent par convexion cette chaleur au fluide
visqueux à réchauffer parcourant l'espace annulaire 3.
En ajustant ainsi les résistances électriques de ces
deux canalisations interne 1 et externe 2, il est
possible de faire traverser un flux thermique déterminé
dans ces deux canalisations. Différentes combinaisons
de température sont donc possibles entre les deux
canalisations interne 1 et externe 2.So therefore, by scrolling through
two
Ce dispositif présente donc l'avantage de ne présenter qu'un écart de température réduit entre le fluide proche des parois et le fluide situé loin des parois des canalisations. On bénéficie également d'une réduction de l'écart de température entre les parois des canalisations interne 1 et externe 2 et le fluide, cette réduction étant liée à la diminution de la densité de flux thermique. Le dispositif présente également certains avantages, tels que l'absence d'inertie en fonctionnement et un contrôle précis de l'écart de température entre les parois et le fluide visqueux. De plus, aucune isolation électrique n'est nécessaire dans ce dispositif.This device therefore has the advantage of show only a reduced temperature difference between the fluid close to the walls and the fluid located far from pipe walls. We also benefit from a reduction of the temperature difference between the walls internal 1 and external 2 and fluid lines, this reduction being linked to the decrease in heat flux density. The device presents also some advantages, such as the absence of inertia in operation and precise control of the temperature difference between the walls and the fluid viscous. In addition, no electrical insulation is necessary in this device.
En référence à la figure 2, une première
réalisation du dispositif échangeur selon l'invention
est un assemblage de plusieurs tronçons montés en
série. Chaque tronçon possède à ses deux extrémités 10A
et 10B une pièce de raccordement 7 pour obtenir le
passage du courant dans les deux canalisations du
tronçon 10. Chaque deuxième extrémité 10B d'un tronçon
est reliée à une extrémité 10A d'un tronçon suivant au
moyen d'un coude 11 qui, lui, n'est pas parcouru par le
courant électrique. Bien entendu, l'extrémité 10B du
dernier tronçon 10N n'est pas reliée à un coude, mais
constitue la sortie du dispositif.Referring to Figure 2, a first embodiment of the exchanger device according to the invention is an assembly of several sections mounted in series. Each section has at its two
En référence à la figure 3, une deuxième
réalisation du dispositif selon l'invention consiste à
monter différents tronçons 10 en parallèle. Chaque
tronçon est relié à une alimentation en fluide visqueux
12 par sa première extrémité 10A. Chaque deuxième
extrémité 10B des tronçons 10 est reliée à une sortie
de fluide 13. Chaque tronçon 10 est bien entendu équipé
de pièces de raccordement 7 pour que le courant
électrique puisse parcourir les deux canalisations
interne et externe pour effectuer le chauffage du
fluide visqueux.Referring to Figure 3, a second
realization of the device according to the invention consists in
mount
Claims (8)
- Exchanger device for heating a viscous agrifoodstuff fluid by passing it through a length that is produced as an annulus, comprising:characterized in that the heating means consists in applying power in parallel to the two, internal (1) and external (2), pipes, which are then mounted electrically in parallel, the holding means allowing the electrical current to pass from the external pipe into the internal pipe.an internal pipe (1);an external pipe (2) surrounding the internal pipe (1);holding means between the two, internal (1) and external (2), pipes, the fluid having to flow between the two, internal (1) and external (2), pipes; andmeans of electrically heating the two, internal (1) and external (2), pipes,
- Device according to Claim 1, characterized in that the holding means are fins (5) fixed longitudinally between the two, internal (1) and external (2), pipes.
- Device according to Claim 2, characterized in that the fins (5) are used in groups of three, spaced angularly at 120°.
- Device according to Claim 2, characterized in that the fins (5) have an electrical resistance very much lower than that of the internal pipe (1).
- Device according to Claim 1, characterized in that it comprises several lengths (10), each made up of an internal pipe (1) and an external pipe (2), with an electrical connecting piece (7) placed at each end (10A, 10B) of each length at right angles to the external surface of the external pipe (2).
- Device according to Claim 5, characterized in that it comprises, for each connecting piece (7), a sleeve (8) for supporting these connecting pieces (7) and preventing localized overheating of the external pipe (2).
- Device according to Claim 5, characterized in that it comprises several lengths (10) mounted in parallel.
- Device according to Claim 5, characterized in that it comprises several lengths (10) mounted in series, each length being connected to another by an elbow (11).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR9309551A FR2708726B1 (en) | 1993-08-03 | 1993-08-03 | Exchanger device for heating a viscous fluid. |
| FR9309551 | 1993-08-03 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0637723A1 EP0637723A1 (en) | 1995-02-08 |
| EP0637723B1 true EP0637723B1 (en) | 1999-02-03 |
Family
ID=9449896
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP94401761A Expired - Lifetime EP0637723B1 (en) | 1993-08-03 | 1994-08-01 | Exchanging apparatus for heating viscous fluids |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0637723B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE176523T1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69416357T2 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK0637723T3 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2129601T3 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2708726B1 (en) |
| GR (1) | GR3030050T3 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2738443B1 (en) * | 1995-08-28 | 1997-10-03 | Electricite De France | CONNECTING ELEMENT FOR ANNULAR ELECTRIC EXCHANGER |
| NO984235L (en) * | 1998-09-14 | 2000-03-15 | Cit Alcatel | Heating system for metal pipes for crude oil transport |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1727585A (en) * | 1927-08-23 | 1929-09-10 | Robert A Carleton | Fluid heating and vaporizing apparatus |
| DE919184C (en) * | 1951-12-20 | 1954-10-14 | Hermann Waste | Device for heating gases, vapors and liquids |
| FR1239842A (en) * | 1959-11-04 | 1960-08-26 | Cie Ind D Applic Electro Mecan | Process for pasteurization of fatty, creamy or viscous products and machine for carrying out this process or similar process |
| BE634154A (en) * | 1962-06-27 | |||
| GB2084284B (en) * | 1980-09-22 | 1984-08-15 | Showa Denki Kogyo Co Ltd | Heated pipeline |
| US4425936A (en) * | 1982-08-02 | 1984-01-17 | Thermon Manufacturing Company | Concentric tube heat tracing apparatus |
| AU550594B2 (en) * | 1983-06-16 | 1986-03-27 | Colin Maxwell Finch | High power electric heater |
| FR2664784A1 (en) * | 1990-07-12 | 1992-01-17 | Doat Robert | Fluid heater using tubes heated by resistance heating (Joule effect) which transmit their energy simultaneously via their inner and outer faces |
-
1993
- 1993-08-03 FR FR9309551A patent/FR2708726B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1994
- 1994-08-01 DE DE69416357T patent/DE69416357T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-08-01 ES ES94401761T patent/ES2129601T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-08-01 AT AT94401761T patent/ATE176523T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-08-01 EP EP94401761A patent/EP0637723B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-08-01 DK DK94401761T patent/DK0637723T3/en active
-
1999
- 1999-04-26 GR GR990401129T patent/GR3030050T3/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2708726A1 (en) | 1995-02-10 |
| EP0637723A1 (en) | 1995-02-08 |
| GR3030050T3 (en) | 1999-07-30 |
| DE69416357D1 (en) | 1999-03-18 |
| DE69416357T2 (en) | 1999-08-26 |
| ATE176523T1 (en) | 1999-02-15 |
| DK0637723T3 (en) | 1999-09-20 |
| ES2129601T3 (en) | 1999-06-16 |
| FR2708726B1 (en) | 1995-09-01 |
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