EP0637188A1 - Système d'enregistrement du son - Google Patents

Système d'enregistrement du son Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0637188A1
EP0637188A1 EP94305196A EP94305196A EP0637188A1 EP 0637188 A1 EP0637188 A1 EP 0637188A1 EP 94305196 A EP94305196 A EP 94305196A EP 94305196 A EP94305196 A EP 94305196A EP 0637188 A1 EP0637188 A1 EP 0637188A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cavity
microphone
sound
channel
diaphragm
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP94305196A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Alastair Sibbald
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Central Research Laboratories Ltd
Original Assignee
Central Research Laboratories Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Central Research Laboratories Ltd filed Critical Central Research Laboratories Ltd
Publication of EP0637188A1 publication Critical patent/EP0637188A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R5/00—Stereophonic arrangements
    • H04R5/027—Spatial or constructional arrangements of microphones, e.g. in dummy heads

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a sound recording system including an artificial head having a channel which communicates at one end with an outer-ear structure and at the other end with a cavity within the artificial head, the system also including a microphone mounted within the head, which microphone has an acoustically active diaphragm.
  • United States Patent No. US-A-5,031,216 discloses an alternative, simpler arrangement in which the microphones (said to possess a unilateral pickup effect) are mounted in replicas of the outer-ears.
  • the position in which the microphones are mounted is generally that which corresponds to the position of the pinna openings in a human head.
  • the microphones are mounted such that they face outward from the head with the microphone surface flush with the opening of the pinna.
  • Such a mounting arrangement suffers from problems associated with the intrinsic directionality of the microphones themselves. This is because all microphones have differing frequency response characteristics for sounds which are incident from different directions. It is generally possible to attain a relatively flat frequency response when the sound source is on-axis with respect to the microphone; but when the sound source is off-axis, say 45° off-axis, then the high-frequency sensitivity of the microphone is considerably reduced because the sound pressure waves approach obliquely and must therefore diffract around and into the diaphragm cavity of the microphone. Shorter wavelengths do not achieve this as efficiently as the longer wavelengths.
  • the microphone is mounted adjacent the channel such that the plane of the diaphragm is substantially parallel to the axis of the channel; and the cavity includes sound-absorbent material for providing a substantially anechoic said cavity.
  • a colouration-free (or constant-colouration) microphone configuration may be achieved having a uniform polar response in the horizontal plane.
  • substantially all the sound which passes through the ear may either be detected by the microphone, or absorbed.
  • a portion of a surface of the channel opposite the diaphragm is tapered, in a direction from the outer-ear structure to the cavity, the taper being away from the microphone such that any sound in this portion tending to reflect between the microphone and the said surface of the channel is directed toward the cavity.
  • This aims to avoid the formation of a parasitic resonance region adjacent the microphone.
  • the sound-absorbent material is arranged to substantially fill the cavity and may comprise a plurality of materials of differing acoustic absorbencies and/or reflectances.
  • the sound-absorbent material may comprise a plurality of acoustic baffles substantially lining the inside of the cavity.
  • the microphone may be mounted inside the cavity.
  • a conventional artificial head 2 has an outer-ear structure 4 communicating with a cavity 6 inside the head 2 via a channel 8.
  • a cylinder microphone 10 is mounted within the cavity 6 and oriented such that the axis of the cylinder microphone 10 is co-axial with the axis of the channel 8. In this manner, the diaphragm 14 of the microphone lies orthogonal to the axis 12 of the channel 8.
  • a cylinder microphone 10 is claimed to be "omni-directional", having a bright on-axis response (that is an enhanced high-frequency response with respect to the remainder of the audio band within which it operates), there is a reduced off-axis sensitivity at high frequencies. It has been found, for example, that for such a microphone, the response at 10 kHz is around 4dB reduced at 45° incidence compared to an on-axis incidence.
  • the microphone 10 orientation shown in figure 1 due to it being mounted within the head so as to be a termination to the channel 8, provides a semi-closed cavity in this region.
  • This semi-closed cavity has an inherent resonance frequency which is undesirable during recording operations and is especially so because the diaphragm 14 itself acts as the terminating wall of this semi-closed cavity and therefore absorbs a great deal of the sound energy present.
  • the microphone 10 is mounted within the cavity 6 adjacent the channel 8 but turned through 90° with respect to Figure 1 such that the plane of the diaphragm 14 is now substantially parallel to, rather than orthogonal as in Figure 1, the axis 12 of the channel 8.
  • the cavity 6 contains sound-absorbing material such as rock-wool. This orientation provides a "colouration-free" microphone configuration for sound sources in, say, the horizontal plane, when the head 2 is held in an upright position.
  • the head 2 cavity 6 no longer contains a single sound-absorbent material, rather the cavity 6 is compartmentalized such that it comprises a central sound-absorbing partition 16 which prevents internal acoustic crosstalk to the other ear (not shown because only half of the whole artificial head has been illustrated for clarity), an absorbing lining in this example, rubber 18 to inhibit resonances of the head moulding, an absorber layer of, in this case, rock-wool 20 having a large acoustic absorption coefficient for example 0.75 at 1 kHz and a further absorbing layer, here polyester fibre 22 having a very small acoustic reflection coefficient for example 0.95 at 1 kHz.
  • the overall effect of these absorbing materials is to provide a substantially anechoic cavity 6 such that no stray energy is therewithin which could interfere with the diaphragm 14 once sound has entered the ear 4, passed through the channel 8 and been sensed by the microphone 10.
  • a part 24 of the surface, the channel 8 opposite the diaphragm 14 tapers away from the diaphragm 14 in a direction through the channel 8 from the ear 4 toward the cavity 6.
  • FIG 4 an alternative structure for the substantially anechoic cavity 6 to that of Figure 3 is illustrated.
  • the absorbing layers 20 and 22 have been replaced by a plurality of acoustic baffles, in this case wedges 26 of rock-wool.
  • the wedges 26 are arranged to substantially line the entire inner surface of the cavity 6. It will be appreciated that such wedges provide good acoustic absorption and so render the cavity 6 substantially anechoic.
  • the rubber 18 is desirable in figure 4, although not essential.
  • Figure 5 illustrates embodiments of the present invention wherein the cranial and facial features of the artificial head 2 have been removed and a pair of ear 4/microphone 6 assemblies are each mounted in a casing unit 25.
  • the ear 4 communicates with the cavity 6 via the channel 8 in the same manner as described herebefore.
  • Figure 5a illustrates the detail of one of the microphones 10 which, in pairs (figure 5b), find particular application in live-recording situations, because the presence of the entire (and physically large) head 2 may be unacceptable.
  • a clip 28 provides the mounting facility.
  • Figure 5b illustrates the practical configuration of a pair of the Figure 5a assemblies mounted onto a bar 30 and spaced apart such that the channels 8 are separated by a distance D which can be chosen to be the mean human inter-aural separation ( ⁇ 19 cm). The whole assembly is held on a stand 32.
  • the limitation that the cavity 6 be "substantially" anechoic is intended to cover the practical case that, by equalisation techniques, any reflectances which do occur in the cavity 6 may be ignored by processing equipment, yet acknowledging that no perfectly anechoic cavity can actually exist.
  • the limitations placed on the diaphragm 16 being "substantially" parallel to the axis 12 of channel 8 are such that deviations from precisely parallel adjustment for which any processing may compensate are tolerable.
  • the polar response of the microphone 10 when mounted within the artificial head 2 in accordance with the present invention becomes too distorted to achieve the desirable effects provided by the present invention.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Stereophonic Arrangements (AREA)
EP94305196A 1993-07-27 1994-07-15 Système d'enregistrement du son Withdrawn EP0637188A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB939315500A GB9315500D0 (en) 1993-07-27 1993-07-27 A sound recording system
GB9315500 1993-07-27

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0637188A1 true EP0637188A1 (fr) 1995-02-01

Family

ID=10739487

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP94305196A Withdrawn EP0637188A1 (fr) 1993-07-27 1994-07-15 Système d'enregistrement du son

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0637188A1 (fr)
GB (1) GB9315500D0 (fr)

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2008128966A1 (fr) 2007-04-20 2008-10-30 Swing S.R.L. Transducteur sonore
US7783069B1 (en) * 2007-05-09 2010-08-24 William John Miller Ergonomic performance chamber
WO2011067065A1 (fr) 2009-12-04 2011-06-09 Sony Ericsson Mobile Communications Ab Meilleure expérience ambiophonique
ITUD20120110A1 (it) * 2012-06-11 2013-12-12 Bell Racing Europ S A Casco provvisto di dispositivo per la comunicazione acustica
US8948411B1 (en) 2014-02-18 2015-02-03 Scott A. Moser Ergonomic tubular anechoic chambers for use with a communication device and related methods
US9253299B2 (en) 2014-02-18 2016-02-02 Quiet, Inc. Ergonomic tubular anechoic chambers for use with a communication device and related methods
US9386135B2 (en) 2014-05-16 2016-07-05 Quiet, Inc. Ergonomic tubular anechoic chambers for use with a communication device and related methods
EP2914020A4 (fr) * 2012-10-24 2016-07-27 Kyocera Corp Dispositif de détection de vibrations, dispositif de mesure de vibrations, système de mesure et procédé de mesure
US9525765B2 (en) 2014-02-18 2016-12-20 Quiet, Inc. Ergonomic anechoic anti-noise canceling chamber for use with a communication device and related methods
US9576567B2 (en) 2014-02-18 2017-02-21 Quiet, Inc. Ergonomic tubular anechoic chambers for use with a communication device and related methods
US9614945B1 (en) 2014-02-18 2017-04-04 Quiet, Inc. Anti-noise canceling headset and related methods
WO2019183112A1 (fr) * 2018-03-20 2019-09-26 3Dio, Llc Dispositif d'enregistrement binaural à amélioration directionnelle
RU204492U1 (ru) * 2019-12-06 2021-05-27 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Владимирский Государственный Университет имени Александра Григорьевича и Николая Григорьевича Столетовых" (ВлГУ) Измерительный стенд для исследования средств индивидуальной защиты слуха

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0050100A2 (fr) * 1980-10-09 1982-04-21 Hugo Zuccarelli Dispositif pour l'enregistrement spatial de sons
EP0056479A1 (fr) * 1981-01-16 1982-07-28 Georg Neumann GmbH Tête artificielle
DE3619950A1 (de) * 1986-06-13 1987-12-17 Inst Rundfunktechnik Gmbh Einrichtung zum aufnehmen stereophoner signale
US4741035A (en) * 1983-06-01 1988-04-26 Head Stereo Gmbh Wide band, low noise artificial head for transmission of aural phenomena
AT386504B (de) * 1986-10-06 1988-09-12 Akg Akustische Kino Geraete Einrichtung zur stereophonen aufnahme von schallereignissen
AT388636B (de) * 1986-10-06 1989-08-10 Akg Akustische Kino Geraete Schallempfaenger zur stereophonischen uebertragung von schallereignissen

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0050100A2 (fr) * 1980-10-09 1982-04-21 Hugo Zuccarelli Dispositif pour l'enregistrement spatial de sons
EP0056479A1 (fr) * 1981-01-16 1982-07-28 Georg Neumann GmbH Tête artificielle
US4741035A (en) * 1983-06-01 1988-04-26 Head Stereo Gmbh Wide band, low noise artificial head for transmission of aural phenomena
DE3619950A1 (de) * 1986-06-13 1987-12-17 Inst Rundfunktechnik Gmbh Einrichtung zum aufnehmen stereophoner signale
AT386504B (de) * 1986-10-06 1988-09-12 Akg Akustische Kino Geraete Einrichtung zur stereophonen aufnahme von schallereignissen
AT388636B (de) * 1986-10-06 1989-08-10 Akg Akustische Kino Geraete Schallempfaenger zur stereophonischen uebertragung von schallereignissen

Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2008128966A1 (fr) 2007-04-20 2008-10-30 Swing S.R.L. Transducteur sonore
CN101772963B (zh) * 2007-04-20 2012-05-23 斯温有限公司 声音换能器
US8204246B2 (en) 2007-04-20 2012-06-19 Swing S.R.L. Sound transducer
KR101486448B1 (ko) * 2007-04-20 2015-01-26 스윙 에스.알.엘. 음향 변환기
US7783069B1 (en) * 2007-05-09 2010-08-24 William John Miller Ergonomic performance chamber
WO2011067065A1 (fr) 2009-12-04 2011-06-09 Sony Ericsson Mobile Communications Ab Meilleure expérience ambiophonique
ITUD20120110A1 (it) * 2012-06-11 2013-12-12 Bell Racing Europ S A Casco provvisto di dispositivo per la comunicazione acustica
EP2674048A1 (fr) * 2012-06-11 2013-12-18 Bell Racing Europe SA Casque équipé de dispositif de communication acoustique
US9591401B2 (en) 2012-10-24 2017-03-07 Kyocera Corporation Vibration pickup device, vibration measurement device, measurement system, and measurement method
EP2914020A4 (fr) * 2012-10-24 2016-07-27 Kyocera Corp Dispositif de détection de vibrations, dispositif de mesure de vibrations, système de mesure et procédé de mesure
US9462374B2 (en) 2012-10-24 2016-10-04 Kyocera Corporation Vibration pickup device, vibration measurement device, measurement system, and measurement method
US9596535B2 (en) 2012-10-24 2017-03-14 Kyocera Corporation Vibration pickup device, vibration measurement device, measurement system, and measurement method
US9253299B2 (en) 2014-02-18 2016-02-02 Quiet, Inc. Ergonomic tubular anechoic chambers for use with a communication device and related methods
US9525765B2 (en) 2014-02-18 2016-12-20 Quiet, Inc. Ergonomic anechoic anti-noise canceling chamber for use with a communication device and related methods
US9576567B2 (en) 2014-02-18 2017-02-21 Quiet, Inc. Ergonomic tubular anechoic chambers for use with a communication device and related methods
US8948411B1 (en) 2014-02-18 2015-02-03 Scott A. Moser Ergonomic tubular anechoic chambers for use with a communication device and related methods
US9614945B1 (en) 2014-02-18 2017-04-04 Quiet, Inc. Anti-noise canceling headset and related methods
US9386135B2 (en) 2014-05-16 2016-07-05 Quiet, Inc. Ergonomic tubular anechoic chambers for use with a communication device and related methods
WO2019183112A1 (fr) * 2018-03-20 2019-09-26 3Dio, Llc Dispositif d'enregistrement binaural à amélioration directionnelle
RU204492U1 (ru) * 2019-12-06 2021-05-27 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Владимирский Государственный Университет имени Александра Григорьевича и Николая Григорьевича Столетовых" (ВлГУ) Измерительный стенд для исследования средств индивидуальной защиты слуха

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB9315500D0 (en) 1993-09-08

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