EP0635739B1 - Verbesserter Faserschleifenreflektor zum Zeitdemultiplexen - Google Patents

Verbesserter Faserschleifenreflektor zum Zeitdemultiplexen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0635739B1
EP0635739B1 EP94305136A EP94305136A EP0635739B1 EP 0635739 B1 EP0635739 B1 EP 0635739B1 EP 94305136 A EP94305136 A EP 94305136A EP 94305136 A EP94305136 A EP 94305136A EP 0635739 B1 EP0635739 B1 EP 0635739B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pulses
fiber
loop
streams
electromagnetic energy
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP94305136A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0635739A1 (de
Inventor
Eyal Lichtman
Linn Frederick Mollenauer
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AT&T Corp
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AT&T Corp
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J14/00—Optical multiplex systems
    • H04J14/08—Time-division multiplex systems
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/35—Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/3515—All-optical modulation, gating, switching, e.g. control of a light beam by another light beam
    • G02F1/3517—All-optical modulation, gating, switching, e.g. control of a light beam by another light beam using an interferometer
    • G02F1/3519—All-optical modulation, gating, switching, e.g. control of a light beam by another light beam using an interferometer of Sagnac type, i.e. nonlinear optical loop mirror [NOLM]

Definitions

  • This invention relates to optical demultiplexing. More particularly, this invention relates to an optical demultiplexer using an improved optical loop mirror.
  • a plurality of channels are time division multiplexed into a high bit-rate pulse stream.
  • a plurality of relatively low bit-rate optical soliton pulse streams may be combined into a single high bit-rate optical soliton pulse stream.
  • This multiplexing of data streams requires that there be a subsequent effective demultiplexing of the high bit-rate data into lower-rate data, for example, demultiplexing 10 to 20 Gbit/sec. data to the well-known 2.5 Gbit/sec. SONET rate.
  • Applicants have developed an improved optical demultiplexer which provides a nearly square acceptance window in time, one-bit period wide, for pulses in one of a plurality of time division multiplexed data channels.
  • the acceptance window is centered about the expected arrival times of selected optical pulses in a high bit-rate pulse stream.
  • This demultiplexer provides high switching efficiency for pulses of a desired channel and a nearly complete rejection of the pulses in all other channels.
  • the on/off ratio may be 20 dB or better.
  • the operation of the multiplexer is stable and essentially unaffected by acoustic fields and changes in ambient temperature. It is also compact, inexpensive, and compatible with the usual fiber optic environments.
  • an improved loop mirror is used to demultiplex a high bit-rate data channel into a lower bit-rate data channel.
  • the improved loop mirror comprises a loop of fiber for carrying two counterpropagating streams of multiplexed signal pulses. Switching pulses are introduced into the loop to unbalance the loop for selected ones of the pulses in the high bit-rate data, so that those selected pulses are demultiplexed into a lower bit-rate data channel. An unintended phase shift between the counterpropagating streams of signal pulses caused by the switching pulses is counteracted by causing the amplitude of one of the counterpropagating bit streams to be greater than the amplitude of the other of the counterpropagating bit streams.
  • FIG. 1 shows an example of a demultiplexer in accordance with this invention. It receives a relatively high bit-rate stream of optical signal pulses.
  • the high bit-rate stream of pulses represents a time division multiplexed plurality of signal channels.
  • the multiplexer outputs only one of the plurality of signal channels in the form of a lower bit rate demultiplexed stream of optical signal pulses.
  • the demultiplexer receives a high bit-rate stream of time division multiplexed soliton pulses having a 1556 nm wavelength at a rate of 10 Gbit/sec.
  • the input bit stream represents four time division multiplexed communications channels numbered 1 to 4. The input bit stream flows into the multiplexer of FIG.
  • the pulses from only one of the communications channels, for example, channel 1 are output by the demultiplexer of FIG. 1 on an output fiber 14 connected to the coupler 12.
  • the demultiplexed stream of pulses are, for example, 1556 nm pulses at a rate of 2.5 Gbit/sec.
  • the pulses of the other multiplexed channels input to the device of FIG. 1 are effectively suppressed from the output bit stream and only the pulses of the desired channel are present on output fiber 14.
  • An erbium doped fiber amplifier 18 is in series with the fiber loop 16. Pump power for the amplifier 18 is provided by means of a fiber 20 which is connected to a coupler 22 in the loop 16.
  • the amplifier 18 may provide about 7 Db of gain in the fiber loop 16 in this example of the invention. In other examples of the invention, a gain of up to 28 Db or more may be provided.
  • Switching pulses of optical energy are provided to the fiber loop 16 by means of a fiber 24 connected to a wavelength selective coupler 26 situated in the fiber loop 16.
  • the switching pulses in this example of the invention may have a wavelength of 1532 nm and may be injected into the loop 16 at a rate of 2.5 Gbit/sec.
  • the time average power of these switching pulses is about 28 mw; and their peak power is on the order of 1 watt.
  • These switching pulses in this example of the invention are timed to substantially coincide with the arrival of a pulse associated with a channel which is desired to be demultiplexed from the multiplexed stream of input optical pulses on fiber 10.
  • a polarization controller 28 may be located in the loop 16 to compensate for differing effects produced by the fiber on polarization of optical energy flowing clockwise and counterclockwise through the fiber loop 16.
  • the birefringence of the fiber in the loop 16 may drift due to temperature changes and mechanical creep and therefore, it may be desirable to automatically control the setting of the polarization controller 28 to account for this drift.
  • this polarization controller may be unnecessary where a kind of fiber is used which does not produce differing effects on the polarization of optical energy flowing clockwise and counterclockwise in the loop 16.
  • the fiber loop 16 in FIG. 1 may also have a wavelength-dependent directional coupler 30 for directing the residual switching power out of the fiber loop onto an output fiber 32.
  • Optical power input to the device of FIG. 1 on fiber 10 will enter the coupler 12 and be equally split between fibers 34 and 36.
  • two counterpropagating optical pulse streams will be injected into the loop 16.
  • One such pulse stream will travel around the loop 16 in a clockwise direction beginning at fiber 34 and progressing around the loop 16 to re-enter the coupler 12 at fiber 36.
  • the other pulse stream will travel around the loop 16 in a counterclockwise direction beginning at fiber 36 and progressing around the loop 16 to re-enter the coupler 12 at fiber 34.
  • FIG. 1 by an arrow 40.
  • the loop 16 may become unbalanced and selected channels may be retrieved on fiber 14 from the multiplexed plurality of channels input on fiber 10.
  • the switching pulses are substantially less than one bit period wide and are timed to substantially coincide with the appearance of pulses associated with the desired channel to be demultiplexed at the coupler 26, each such pulse will be walked around the loop 16 by a switching pulse and because of cross phase modulation of the clockwise propagating pulses of the desired channel by the switching pulses, the clockwise propagation pulses of the desired channel will be phase shifted with respect to the corresponding counterclockwise propagating pulses of the desired channel.
  • the clockwise propagating switching pulses in the loop 16 do induce a smaller but significant phase shift in the pulses associated with the unwanted channels propagating in a counterclockwise direction through the loop 16 because those counterclockwise traveling pulses pass through each clockwise travelling switching pulse. Since the clockwise travelling pulses in the unwanted channels do not cross the switching pulses or overlap any of those switching pulses, the device of FIG. 1 will be somewhat unbalanced with respect to the unwanted channels as well as the channel desired on output fiber 14. The selectivity of the device of FIG. 1 thus is impaired because some of the energy associated with the pulses in the unwanted channels also appears on the output fiber 14 with the pulses from the desired channel.
  • an amplifier 18 provides gain to the fiber loop 16 to compensate for the effect of the switching pulses on the counterclockwise propagating pulses in the unwanted channels.
  • the difference in the intensities of the clockwise propagating pulses and the counterclockwise propagating pulses in the loop 16 be produced by an erbium doped fiber amplifier 18 as in FIG. 1.
  • an erbium doped fiber amplifier 18 as in FIG. 1.
  • this intensity difference may also be created by placing a lossy element in the loop 16 near the coupler 12, for example, near the fiber 36 between the coupler 12 and polarization controller 28.
  • Erbium doped fiber amplifiers, such as amplifier 18 in FIG. 1, are preferred, however, because their gain and saturation characteristics confer some additional benefits to an apparatus like the one shown in FIG. 1.
  • those benefits include the fact that this device may exhibit a signal gain essentially equal to the gain of the amplifier 18 save for some modest internal losses.
  • the long-term saturation characteristics enable an erbium fiber amplifier to yield a desired signal power inside the loop for a range of input signal power levels. Since that range expands with increasing amplifier gain, it may be desirable to use gains considerably beyond the illustrative 7 dB saturated gain of the amplifier 18 in FIG. 1. For example, it may be possible to use amplifier gains up to 28 dB or higher without problems of instability from stray feedback.
  • a more or less square acceptance window in time is provided by making the difference in transit times through the loop, for switched and switching pulses, equal to the desired window width.
  • the desired width is usually one bit period of the incoming bit stream - for example, 100 ps for the 10 Gbit/s data stream of Fig. 1.
  • the loop 16 is wound in a bifilar manner inside a hermetically sealed heavy walled aluminum can.
  • the walls of this aluminum can may be about 12.7 mm thick.
  • the fiber of loop 16 is divided into two equal parts and wound side by side on a common bobbin. The innermost ends of the fiber are then spliced together and the outermost free ends of the fibers then become the extreme two ends of the loop, respectively. With this configuration, each half of a particular pulse, traversing the loop in one or the other direction, always has its partner very close by in the other half of the loop.
  • the loop 16 is suspended in the previously mentioned aluminum can to afford acoustic isolation from the environment in which the device of FIG. 1 is used.
  • a demultiplexer in accordance with this invention provides a deep and polarization independent null with respect to unwanted communications channels.
  • the observed nulls are considerably more than 20 dB below the level of the pulses switched out of the demultiplexer of FIG. 1 on fiber 14, independent of signal polarization.
  • FIG. 2 shows an example of what has been obtained with the device of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 2 shows the amplitude of a switched out pulse from a desired channel represented by the spike 42 and the amplitudes of adjacent pulses from unwanted channels which are rejected by the demultiplexer as indicated by arrows 44, 46, and 48. It is clear that the demultiplexer of FIG. 1 switches out desired pulses with great efficiency and undesired pulses are essentially absent from the output of the demultiplexer of FIG. 1.

Claims (6)

  1. Optische Demultiplexierungsvorrichtung mit:
    einem Eingangsmittel (10) zum Empfangen einer Vielzahl von multiplexierten Kommunikationskanälen umfassend einen Strom elektromagnetischer Energieimpulse (1, 2, 3, 4) beliebiger Polarisation;
    einem Ausgangsmittel (14) zum Senden ausgewählter (1) der elektromagnetischen Energieimpulse; und
    einem Faserschleifenspiegel (12, 16) zwischen dem Eingangs- und dem Ausgangsmittel, zum Führen erster und zweiter Ströme elektromagnetischer Energieimpulse, wobei die ersten Ströme in einer ersten Richtung um die Faserschleife verlaufen und die zweiten Ströme in der entgegengesetzten Richtung zwischen dem Eingangs- und dem Ausgangsmittel um die Faserschleife verlaufen;
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß:
    der Faserschleifenspiegel folgendes enthält:
    ein Mittel (26) zum Ankoppeln von Umschaltimpulsen elektromagnetischer Energie, die in der ersten Richtung verlaufen, an den Schleifenspiegel; und
    ein Mittel (18) zum Bereitstellen von Differenzintensität für die ersten und zweiten Ströme von Impulsen, die um den Faserschleifenspiegel geführt werden, um eine durch die Umschaltimpulse verursachte Phasenverschiebung in den zweiten Strömen zu löschen, um für nicht ausgewählte einzelne der elektromagnetischen Energieimpulse eine polarisationsunabhängige Null an dem Ausgangsmittel zu erzielen.
  2. Demultiplexierungsvorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, in der das Mittel zum Bereitstellen von Differenzintensität einen Verstärker in dem Faserschleifenspiegel umfaßt.
  3. Demultiplexierungsvorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, in der das Mittel zum Bereitstellen von Differenzintensität ein verlustbehaftetes Element in dem Faserschleifenspiegel umfaßt.
  4. Demultiplexierungsvorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, wobei
    das Mittel zum Bereitstellen von Differenzintensität ein Mittel zum Ändern der Verstärkung in dem Schleifenspiegel umfaßt.
  5. Demultiplexierungsvorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, wobei der Faserschleifenspiegel folgendes umfaßt:
    einen optischen Koppler (12) zum Empfangen der Vielzahl von multiplexierten Kommunikationskanälen; und
    eine Faserschleife (34, 16, 36), die mit dem optischen Koppler verbunden ist, zum Führen erster und zweiter Ströme elektromagnetischer Energieimpulse;
    wobei das Mittel zum Bereitstellen von Differenzintensität durch folgendes gebildet wird:
    einen Verstärker (18) in der Faserschleife; und dadurch, daß
    das Mittel (26) zum Ankoppeln von Umschaltimpulsen in der Faserschleife bereitgestellt wird.
  6. Demultiplexierungsvorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, wobei der Faserschleifenspiegel folgendes umfaßt:
    ein Mittel (12) zum Empfangen der Vielzahl von multiplexierten Kommunikationskanälen;
    eine Faserschleife (34, 16, 36), die mit dem Empfangsmittel verbunden ist, zum Führen erster und zweiter Ströme elektromagnetischer Energieimpulse, wobei die ersten Ströme elektromagnetischer Energieimpulse eine erste Intensität aufweisen und die zweiten Ströme elektromagnetischer Energieimpulse eine zweite Intensität aufweisen; und
    ein Mittel (12) zum Ausgeben demultiplexierter Lichteingangsimpulse aus der Schleifenfaser,
    wobei das Mittel zum Bereitstellen von Differenzintensität durch folgendes gebildet wird:
    ein Mittel (18) zum Erhöhen der ersten Intensität auf einen Wert, der größer als die zweite Intensität ist; und dadurch, daß
    das Mittel zum Ankoppeln von Umschaltimpulsen durch das Mittel (26) zum Einkoppeln von Umschaltimpulsen in die Schleife zum Demultiplexieren ausgewählter einzelner der multiplexierten Lichteingangsimpulse gebildet wird.
EP94305136A 1993-07-21 1994-07-13 Verbesserter Faserschleifenreflektor zum Zeitdemultiplexen Expired - Lifetime EP0635739B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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US9427893A 1993-07-21 1993-07-21
US94278 1993-07-21

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EP0635739B1 true EP0635739B1 (de) 2000-03-22

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EP (1) EP0635739B1 (de)
JP (1) JP3383425B2 (de)
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Publication number Publication date
DE69423548D1 (de) 2000-04-27
JP3383425B2 (ja) 2003-03-04
JPH07154374A (ja) 1995-06-16
EP0635739A1 (de) 1995-01-25
DE69423548T2 (de) 2000-09-14
US5646759A (en) 1997-07-08

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