EP0635694B1 - System for cooling a gas which forms deposits - Google Patents
System for cooling a gas which forms deposits Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0635694B1 EP0635694B1 EP94110240A EP94110240A EP0635694B1 EP 0635694 B1 EP0635694 B1 EP 0635694B1 EP 94110240 A EP94110240 A EP 94110240A EP 94110240 A EP94110240 A EP 94110240A EP 0635694 B1 EP0635694 B1 EP 0635694B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- heating surface
- heating
- gas
- heating surfaces
- container
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
- F22B37/02—Component parts or details of steam boilers applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler
- F22B37/48—Devices for removing water, salt, or sludge from boilers; Arrangements of cleaning apparatus in boilers; Combinations thereof with boilers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/72—Other features
- C10J3/86—Other features combined with waste-heat boilers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
- F22B1/02—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers
- F22B1/18—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being a hot gas, e.g. waste gas such as exhaust gas of internal-combustion engines
- F22B1/1838—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being a hot gas, e.g. waste gas such as exhaust gas of internal-combustion engines the hot gas being under a high pressure, e.g. in chemical installations
- F22B1/1846—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being a hot gas, e.g. waste gas such as exhaust gas of internal-combustion engines the hot gas being under a high pressure, e.g. in chemical installations the hot gas being loaded with particles, e.g. waste heat boilers after a coal gasification plant
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
- F28D7/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being helically coiled
- F28D7/024—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being helically coiled the conduits of only one medium being helically coiled tubes, the coils having a cylindrical configuration
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
- F28F9/007—Auxiliary supports for elements
- F28F9/013—Auxiliary supports for elements for tubes or tube-assemblies
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28G—CLEANING OF INTERNAL OR EXTERNAL SURFACES OF HEAT-EXCHANGE OR HEAT-TRANSFER CONDUITS, e.g. WATER TUBES OR BOILERS
- F28G1/00—Non-rotary, e.g. reciprocated, appliances
- F28G1/08—Non-rotary, e.g. reciprocated, appliances having scrapers, hammers, or cutters, e.g. rigidly mounted
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28G—CLEANING OF INTERNAL OR EXTERNAL SURFACES OF HEAT-EXCHANGE OR HEAT-TRANSFER CONDUITS, e.g. WATER TUBES OR BOILERS
- F28G7/00—Cleaning by vibration or pressure waves
Definitions
- the invention relates to a device for cooling a deposit-forming gas consisting of an upright container with the gas flowing through it, at least two containers arranged in the container and constructed from at least one heating surface formed in a closed geometry and through which a cooling medium flows and several tapping devices assigned to the individual heating surfaces for the mechanical cleaning of the heating surfaces.
- heating surface units of a height still to be cleaned have been suspended separately from one another in the container and switched into the coolant circuit via separate connections through the container wall.
- a heating surface constructed in a closed geometry is understood to mean one that can be accelerated by tapping at one point or a limited number of points so that cleaning is possible. This can be achieved in particular in that each heating surface of the heating surface unit is designed in a tube / web / tube or fin tube construction, ie all tubes of the bundle are rigidly connected to form a structural unit.
- This object is achieved in that the upper of the heating surface units is supported on the container and the lower heating surface unit is connected to the upper heating surface unit via connecting pipes through which the coolant flows so that the heating surface units are successively flowed through by the cooling medium and the connecting pipes between the Heating surface bundles form an open geometry that does not hinder the knocking effect on the individual heating surface units.
- the upper heating surface unit of the device takes over the supporting function with a correspondingly designed support on the container.
- the one or more downstream heating surface units of the device are carried by the connecting pipes from the upper unit.
- the connecting pipes thus simultaneously take over the weight of the downstream heating surface units and their coolant connection.
- mechanical decoupling takes place such that the two heating surface units can be tapped safely and independently of one another by the knocking devices assigned to them.
- the overall heights of the heating surface units with regard to the interaction of dirt and cleaning effects by knocking, i.e. H. the size of the cooling section are determined independently of the area of influence of the knocking devices by the permissible and thus optimized data of the coolant circuit.
- Each heating surface unit is preferably constructed in a manner known per se from a plurality of heating surfaces plugged into one another, each of which protrudes from the adjacent other, and the associated knocking devices can act separately on the heating surfaces.
- the individual heating surfaces can be designed as bulkhead heating surfaces provided with longitudinally or transversely (snake-shaped) flow tubes or can be wound in a helical shape.
- the cross sections perpendicular to the direction of flow can be cylindrical, square, polygonal or the like.
- the overall height of the heating surface bundle or the heating surfaces in the flow direction of the gas is adapted to the cleaning effect, which corresponds to the acceleration that can be applied by the knocking devices.
- the connecting pipes preferably extend essentially vertically and in a straight line in the direction of the gas flow. Very little erosion can then occur on the connecting pipes because they extend in the direction of the gas flow and not transversely to it.
- a further improvement in the cleaning of deposits that form on the heating surfaces is achieved in that the free flow cross-section for the gas is limited, starting from the area of the connecting pipes such that the speed is increased in the downstream heating surface unit.
- Increasing the gas velocity by reducing the free flow cross-section reduces the formation of deposits by increasing the self-cleaning power.
- gas speeds which are too low are avoided, in particular at partial load, with the risk of bridging at the cold end of the device.
- the heating surface size of the downstream heating surface unit can also be reduced by increasing the gas velocity in a downstream heating surface unit while at the same time reducing fouling.
- the construction of the individual heating surface in a closed geometry is advantageously achieved by using the tube / web / tube construction or fin tube construction.
- an outer wall cooling surface and / or an inner wall cooling surface restricting the gas flow to an annular flow space can also be provided, which are also acted upon by cooling medium.
- the raw gas G to be cooled and pressurized enters from above into a vertically standing container 1.
- a support for a first heating surface bundle 3 is provided, which consists of several there are nested heating surfaces 3a, 3b, 3c and 3d.
- the heating surface bundle 3 is connected to collectors 5 located outside of the container 1 via a plurality of connecting lines 4 which also perform the removal function.
- the design of the cooling medium paths in the heating surface bundle 3 or in the individual heating surfaces 3a - 3d lies within the framework of professional action. For this reason, symbol 6 has been used in FIG. 1 for all heating surfaces within bundle 3.
- the heating surface 3d protrudes from the heating surface 3c, the heating surface 3c from the heating surface 3b and the heating surface 3b from the heating surface 3a, so that the individual heating surfaces can be accelerated by means of schematically illustrated knocking or tapping devices 7a-7d and thus cleaned.
- the heating surface bundle 3 or its individual heating surfaces 3a - 3b are connected to a further heating surface bundle 9 consisting of heating surfaces 9a, 9b, 9c and 9d via connecting pipes 8 which extend essentially in the gas flow direction.
- the heating surfaces within the bundle 9 are again identified by the symbol 10.
- Knocking devices 11a-11d are assigned to the individual heating surfaces 9a-9d.
- the formation of the cooling medium paths in the heating surface bundle 9 is again in the area of professional action.
- the tubes 8 build an area of open geometry between the heating surface bundles 3 and 9 formed in a closed geometry, so that the heating surfaces 3 and 9 are mechanically decoupled with respect to the effect of the knocking devices 7 and 11.
- the heating surfaces in the bundle are identified by the symbol 13 '.
- At least a part of the connecting pipes 8 and 12 takes over the supporting function for the heating surface bundle 9 and 13 respectively connected downstream.
- the heating surface bundle 13 or its heating surfaces 13a-13c are connected to distributors 16 via connecting lines 15, so that the heating surfaces 13, 9 and 3 in countercurrent to the gas G entering above from the cooling medium K (e.g. water / Steam).
- the device according to the invention can also be operated in direct current if necessary, the gas entering the container at the bottom.
- the diameter of the container 1 decreases in the area 1a, so that the speed of the already partially cooled gas flowing into the heating surface bundle 13 is increased, so that the advantages mentioned in the introduction to the description can be achieved.
- the reduction in the free flow cross-section is achieved by reducing the container diameter
- such a reduction can also be achieved by changing the diameter of the cooling pipes used in the subsequent heating surface by changing the heating surfaces in the bundle 13, that the pipe pitch in the individual heating surfaces is reduced or that an additional displacement body, which can preferably also be designed as an inner wall cooling surface, is introduced into the heating surface.
- the container wall itself is shown as a limitation of the flow path for the gas to be cooled.
- the limitation of the gas route can be formed by a special wall heating surface and / or as a sheet metal shirt and / or as masonry, as in the form of a Wall heating surface and a brick lining is shown in DE-PS 31 37 576.
- the distributors 16 and / or the collectors 5 are arranged in whole or in part in the gas flow; they can also be arranged between the container wall and a separate wall heating surface or sheets or masonry.
- the heating surface bundle 3 will not be removed by a support 2 on the side wall, but it will be advantageous to heat the heating surface bundle 3 and thus the heating surface bundle 9 and 13 on the ceiling structure of the container.
- the heating surface bundle 17 consists of three heating surfaces, in which tubes 18 extend parallel to the gas flow and which have a square cross section.
- the individual heating surfaces 20 consist of bulkhead-like partial heating surfaces 20a with transverse flow tubes, which are arranged in a polygonal manner.
- the heating surface bundle 21 has a plurality of heating surfaces 22 wound helically.
- the embodiments according to FIGS. 2-4 show examples of heating surface bundles in a closed geometry with any desired routing of the cooling tubes in a welded fin tube or tube / web / tube construction.
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zum Abkühlen eines belagbildenden Gases bestehend aus einem aufrechtstehenden und von dem Gas durchströmten Behälter, mindestens zwei in dem Behälter angeordneten und aus mindestens einer in geschlossener Geometrie ausgebildeten Heizfläche aufgebauten und von einem Kühlmedium durchströmten Heizflächeneinheiten und mehreren den einzelnen Heizflächen zugeordneten Klopfeinrichtungen für die mechanische Abreinigung der Heizflächen.The invention relates to a device for cooling a deposit-forming gas consisting of an upright container with the gas flowing through it, at least two containers arranged in the container and constructed from at least one heating surface formed in a closed geometry and through which a cooling medium flows and several tapping devices assigned to the individual heating surfaces for the mechanical cleaning of the heating surfaces.
Insbesondere bei der Abkühlung von belagbildenden Rohgasen aus druckaufgeladenen Pyrolyse-/Vergasungsreaktoren für feste kohlenstoffhaltige Einsatzstoffe ist es erforderlich, die einzelnen Heizflächen durch Schlag- bzw. Klopfeinrichtungen zu reinigen, welche auch während des Betriebs der Anlage betätigt werden können. Mit Hilfe von vorzugsweise pneumatisch angetriebenen Schlagvorrichtungen werden die einzelnen Heizflächen so beschleunigt, daß der gewünschte Reinigungserfolg eintritt (vgl. die DE-PS 31 37 576). Es hat sich aber bei Einsatz solcher Reinigungssysteme herausgestellt, daß insbesondere die Bauhöhe der Heizflächeneinheiten, d. h. ihre Erstreckung in Strömungsrichtung des zu kühlenden Gases, nicht beliebig vergrößert werden kann, wenn eine ausreichende Reinigungswirkung ohne ggf. bis zur Zerstörung gehender Gefährdung der Heizfläche erzielt werden soll. Aus diesem Grund hat man bei bekannten Vorrichtungen Heizflächeneinheiten einer noch abzureinigenden Bauhöhe voneinander getrennt in den Behälter übereinander aufgehängt und über gesonderte durch die Behälterwandung hindurch geführte Verbindungen in den Kühlmittelkreislauf eingeschaltet. In der Beschreibung und in den Ansprüchen wird unter einer in geschlossener Geometrie aufgebauten Heizfläche eine solche verstanden, die durch Klopfen an einer Stelle bzw. einer beschränkten Anzahl von Stellen insgesamt so beschleunigt werden kann, daß ein Abreinigen möglich ist. Dies kann insbesondere dadurch erreicht werden, daß jede Heizfläche der Heizflächeneinheit in Rohr/Steg/Rohr-oder in Flossenrohr-Konstruktion ausgeführt wird, d. h. alle Rohre des Bündels sind starr zu einer Baueinheit verbunden. Auch ist es bekannt, eine Heizflächeneinheit bündelartig aus mehreren ineinander gesteckten Heizflächen in geschlossener Geometrie aufzubauen, wobei die innenliegende Heizfläche eine größere Bauhöhe als die nächst außenliegende Heizfläche aufweist, so daß jede Heizfläche von außen geklopft werden kann, ohne daß andere Heizflächen des Heizflächenbündels durchdrungen werden müssen.In particular when cooling deposit-forming raw gases from pressure-charged pyrolysis / gasification reactors for solid carbonaceous feedstocks, it is necessary to clean the individual heating surfaces by means of knocking or tapping devices, which can also be operated while the system is in operation. With the help of preferably pneumatically driven striking devices, the individual heating surfaces are accelerated so that the desired cleaning success occurs (cf. DE-PS 31 37 576). However, when using such cleaning systems, it has been found that, in particular, the overall height of the heating surface units, ie their extension in the direction of flow of the gas to be cooled, cannot be increased arbitrarily if a sufficient cleaning action occurs without possibly leading to destruction Threat to the heating surface should be achieved. For this reason, in known devices, heating surface units of a height still to be cleaned have been suspended separately from one another in the container and switched into the coolant circuit via separate connections through the container wall. In the description and in the claims, a heating surface constructed in a closed geometry is understood to mean one that can be accelerated by tapping at one point or a limited number of points so that cleaning is possible. This can be achieved in particular in that each heating surface of the heating surface unit is designed in a tube / web / tube or fin tube construction, ie all tubes of the bundle are rigidly connected to form a structural unit. It is also known to build up a heating surface unit in a bundle-like manner from a plurality of heating surfaces plugged into one another, the internal heating surface having a greater overall height than the closest external heating surface, so that each heating surface can be tapped from the outside without penetrating other heating surfaces of the heating surface bundle have to.
Es ist die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung eine Vorrichtung der gattungsgemäßen Art zu schaffen, bei der zum einen der gewünschte Reinigungserfolg an der einzelnen Heizflächeneinheit gewährleistet ist und zugleich nicht jede Heizflächeneinheit direkt am Behälter abgestützt werden muß.It is the object of the present invention to provide a device of the generic type in which, on the one hand, the desired cleaning success is guaranteed on the individual heating surface unit and, at the same time, not every heating surface unit has to be supported directly on the container.
Diese Aufgabe wird dadurch gelöst, daß die obere der Heizflächeneinheiten an dem Behälter abgestützt ist und die untere Heizflächeneinheit über von dem Kühlmittel durchströmte Verbindungsrohre mit der oberen Heizflächeneinheit verbunden ist derart, daß die Heizflächeneinheiten nacheinander vom Kühlmedium durchströmt werden und die Verbindungsrohre zwischen den Heizflächenbündeln eine die Klopfwirkung an den einzelnen Heizflächeneinheiten nicht behindernde offene Geometrie bilden.This object is achieved in that the upper of the heating surface units is supported on the container and the lower heating surface unit is connected to the upper heating surface unit via connecting pipes through which the coolant flows so that the heating surface units are successively flowed through by the cooling medium and the connecting pipes between the Heating surface bundles form an open geometry that does not hinder the knocking effect on the individual heating surface units.
Bei dieser Anordnung übernimmt die obere Heizflächeneinheit der Vorrichtung die Tragfunktion mit einem entsprechend ausgebildeten Auflager am Behälter. Die eine oder mehrere nachgeschalteten Heizflächeneinheiten der Vorrichtung werden durch die Verbindungsrohre von der oberen Einheit mitgetragen. Die Verbindungsrohre übernehmen somit gleichzeitig das Abtragen des Gewichtes der nachgeschalteten Heizflächeneinheiten und ihre Kühlmittelverbindung. Gleichzeitig erfolgt durch die offene Geometrie in dem Verbindungsbereich zwischen den Heizflächeneinheiten eine mechanische Entkopplung derart, daß die beiden Heizflächeneinheiten durch die ihnen zugeordneten Klopfeinrichtungen sicher und unabhängig voneinander geklopft werden können. Die Bauhöhen der Heizflächeneinheiten in Hinsicht auf das Zusammenspiel von Verschmutzung und Abreinigungswirken durch das Klopfen, d. h. die Größe der Kühlstrecke, werden unabhängig von dem Einflußbereich der Klopfeinrichtungen bestimmt durch die zulässigen und damit optimierten Daten des Kühlmittelkreislaufs.In this arrangement, the upper heating surface unit of the device takes over the supporting function with a correspondingly designed support on the container. The one or more downstream heating surface units of the device are carried by the connecting pipes from the upper unit. The connecting pipes thus simultaneously take over the weight of the downstream heating surface units and their coolant connection. At the same time, due to the open geometry in the connection area between the heating surface units, mechanical decoupling takes place such that the two heating surface units can be tapped safely and independently of one another by the knocking devices assigned to them. The overall heights of the heating surface units with regard to the interaction of dirt and cleaning effects by knocking, i.e. H. the size of the cooling section are determined independently of the area of influence of the knocking devices by the permissible and thus optimized data of the coolant circuit.
Hinsichtlich des Betriebs der Vorrichtung ergibt sich bei erforderlichen Reparaturen zum einen die Möglichkeit die Heizflächeneinheiten der Kühlstrecke gleichzeitig aus dem Behälter zu ziehen oder einzelne Heizflächenbündel nach Abstützung der im Behälter verbleibenden Heizflächenbündel nach Trennung der Trag- und Verbindungsrohre zu ziehen. Ein weiterer Vorteil der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung ist darin zu sehen, daß in dem Zwischenbereich zwischen den Heizflächeneinheiten, in dem die Verbindungsrohre angeordnet sind, ein Queraustausch der Gasmassenströme möglich wird, wodurch eine Homogenisierung der Strömungs-Temperatur- und Staubprofile innerhalb der eine Kühlstrecke darstellenden Vorrichtung möglich wird.With regard to the operation of the device, if repairs are required, there is the possibility of simultaneously pulling the heating surface units of the cooling section out of the container or pulling individual heating surface bundles after supporting the heating surface bundles remaining in the container after separating the supporting and connecting pipes. Another advantage of the device according to the invention can be seen in the fact that in the intermediate area between the heating surface units, in which the connecting pipes are arranged, a cross exchange of the gas mass flows is possible, whereby a homogenization of the flow temperature and dust profiles within the device which represents a cooling section is possible becomes.
Da das Kühlmedium die Heizflächeneinheiten nacheinander durchströmt, wird gegenüber dem getrennten Anschluß der einzelnen Heizflächeneinheiten eine Reduzierung der Anzahl von Verteilern und Sammlern und eine Reduzierung von Rohrdurchtritten durch die Behälterwand bzw. eine im Behälter angeordneten Wandheizfläche, die den Strömungsweg des zu kühlenden Gases begrenzt, reduziert.Since the cooling medium flows through the heating surface units in succession, a reduction in the number of distributors and collectors and a reduction in pipe penetration through the container wall or a wall heating surface arranged in the container, which limits the flow path of the gas to be cooled, is reduced compared to the separate connection of the individual heating surface units .
Vorzugsweise ist jede Heizflächeneinheit in an sich bekannter Weise bündelartig aus mehreren ineinander gesteckten Heizflächen aufgebaut, von denen jeweils die eine aus der benachbarten anderen hervorragt, und die zugeordneten Klopfeinrichtungen getrennt auf die Heizflächen einwirken können. Die einzelnen Heizflächen können als mit längs- oder quer (Schlangenform) angeströmten Rohren versehene Schottenheizflächen ausgebildet sein oder können schraubenlinienförmig gewickelt sein. Die Querschnitte senkrecht zur Strömungsrichtung können zylinderartig sein, quadratisch, polygonartig oder dergleichen.Each heating surface unit is preferably constructed in a manner known per se from a plurality of heating surfaces plugged into one another, each of which protrudes from the adjacent other, and the associated knocking devices can act separately on the heating surfaces. The individual heating surfaces can be designed as bulkhead heating surfaces provided with longitudinally or transversely (snake-shaped) flow tubes or can be wound in a helical shape. The cross sections perpendicular to the direction of flow can be cylindrical, square, polygonal or the like.
Die Bauhöhe des Heizflächenbündels bzw. der Heizflächen in Strömungsrichtung des Gases gesehen wird an die Abreinigungswirkung angepaßt, die der von den Klopfeinrichtungen aufbringbaren Beschleunigung entspricht.The overall height of the heating surface bundle or the heating surfaces in the flow direction of the gas is adapted to the cleaning effect, which corresponds to the acceleration that can be applied by the knocking devices.
Die Verbindungsrohre erstrecken sich vorzugsweise im wesentlichen senkrecht und geradlinig in Richtung der Gasströmung. An den Verbindungsrohren kann dann nur eine sehr geringe Erosion auftreten, weil sie sich in Richtung der Gasströmung erstrecken und nicht quer dazu.The connecting pipes preferably extend essentially vertically and in a straight line in the direction of the gas flow. Very little erosion can then occur on the connecting pipes because they extend in the direction of the gas flow and not transversely to it.
Eine weitere Verbesserung der Abreinigung von sich bildenden Belägen auf den Heizflächen wird dadurch erreicht, daß ausgehend vom Bereich der Verbindungsrohre der freie Strömungsquerschnitt für das Gas beschränkt ist derart, daß in der nachgeschalteten Heizflächeneinheit die Geschwindigkeit angehoben wird. Die Erhöhung der Gasgeschwindigkeit durch Verringerung freien Strömungsquerschnitts reduziert die Belagbildung durch Erhöhung der Selbstreinigungskraft. Gleichzeitig werden zu geringe Gasgeschwindigkeiten insbesondere bei Teillast vermieden mit der Gefahr einer Brückenbildung am kalten Ende der Vorrichtung. Auch kann durch Erhöhung der Gasgeschwindigkeit in einer nachgeschalteten Heizflächeneinheit bei gleichzeitiger Verminderung der Belagbildung (Fouling) die Heizflächengröße der nachgeschalteten Heizflächeneinheit verringert werden.A further improvement in the cleaning of deposits that form on the heating surfaces is achieved in that the free flow cross-section for the gas is limited, starting from the area of the connecting pipes such that the speed is increased in the downstream heating surface unit. Increasing the gas velocity by reducing the free flow cross-section reduces the formation of deposits by increasing the self-cleaning power. At the same time, gas speeds which are too low are avoided, in particular at partial load, with the risk of bridging at the cold end of the device. The heating surface size of the downstream heating surface unit can also be reduced by increasing the gas velocity in a downstream heating surface unit while at the same time reducing fouling.
In vorteilhafter Weise wird der Aufbau der einzelnen Heizfläche in geschlossener Geometrie durch Einsatz der Rohr/Steg/Rohr-Konstruktion oder Flossenrohrkonstruktion erreicht.The construction of the individual heating surface in a closed geometry is advantageously achieved by using the tube / web / tube construction or fin tube construction.
Weiterhin kann im Behälter in der aus der DE-PS 31 37 576 bekannten Weise noch eine äußere Wandkühlfläche und/oder eine innere den Gasstrom auf einen ringartigen Strömungsraum beschränkende Wandkühlfläche vorgesehen sein, die ebenfalls mit Kühlmedium beaufschlagt sind.Furthermore, in the container in the manner known from DE-PS 31 37 576, an outer wall cooling surface and / or an inner wall cooling surface restricting the gas flow to an annular flow space can also be provided, which are also acted upon by cooling medium.
Die Erfindung soll nun anhand der beigefügten Figuren näher erläutert werden. Es zeigt:
- Fig. 1
- einen schematischen Längsschnitt durch einen stehenden Behälter mit drei Heizflächenbündeln und
- Fig. 2 bis 4
- verschiedene Ausgestaltungsarten von Heizflächenbündeln.
- Fig. 1
- a schematic longitudinal section through a standing container with three heating surface bundles and
- 2 to 4
- Different types of heating surface bundles.
In einen senkrecht stehenden Behälter 1 tritt von oben das zu kühlende und unter Druck stehende Rohgas G ein. An der Innenwandung des Behältermantels ist ein Auflager für ein erstes Heizflächenbündel 3 vorgesehen, das aus mehreren ineinander gesteckten Heizflächen 3a, 3b, 3c und 3d besteht. Das Heizflächenbündel 3 ist über eine Vielzahl von auch die Abtragfunktion übernehmenden Verbindungsleitungen 4 mit außerhalb des Behälters 1 liegenden Sammlern 5 verbunden. Die Ausgestaltung der Kühlmedium-Wege im Heizflächenbündel 3 bzw. in den einzelnen Heizflächen 3a - 3d liegt im Rahmen fachmännischen Handelns. Aus diesem Grunde ist in der Fig. 1 für alle Heizflächen innerhalb des Bündels 3 das Symbol 6 verwendet worden. Die Heizfläche 3d ragt aus der Heizfläche 3c vor, die Heizfläche 3c aus der Heizfläche 3b und die Heizfläche 3b aus der Heizfläche 3a, so daß die einzelnen Heizflächen durch schematisch dargestellte Schlag- oder Klopfeinrichtungen 7a - 7d beschleunigt und damit abgereinigt werden können.The raw gas G to be cooled and pressurized enters from above into a vertically standing container 1. On the inner wall of the container shell, a support for a first
Das Heizflächenbündel 3 bzw. seine einzelnen Heizflächen 3a - 3b sind über gerade uns sich im wesentlichen in Gasströmungsrichtung erstreckende Verbindungsrohre 8 mit einem weiteren Heizflächenbündel 9 bestehend aus Heizflächen 9a, 9b, 9c und 9d verbunden. Die Heizflächen innerhalb des Bündels 9 sind wieder durch das Symbol 10 gekennzeichnet. Den einzelnen Heizflächen 9a - 9d sind Klopfvorrichtungen 11a - 11d zugeordnet. Die Ausbildung der Kühlmedium-Wege im Heizflächenbündel 9 liegt wieder im Bereich fachmännischen Handelns.The
Erfindungswesentlich ist, daß die Rohre 8 einen Bereich offener Geometrie zwischen den in geschlossener Geometrie ausgebildeten Heizflächenbündeln 3 und 9 aufbauen, so daß die Heizflächen 3 und 9 bezüglich der Wirkung der Klopfeinrichtungen 7 bzw. 11 mechanisch entkoppelt sind. Von dem Heizflächenbündel 9 wird über Verbindungsrohre 12 ein weiteres Heizflächenbündel 13, bestehend aus drei Heizflächen 13a, 13b und 13c abgestützt, den Klopfeinrichtungen 14a, 14b, 14c zugeordnet sind. Die Heizflächen im Bündel sind durch das Symbol 13' gekennzeichnet.It is essential to the invention that the tubes 8 build an area of open geometry between the
Zumindest ein Teil der Verbindungsrohre 8 und 12 übernimmt die Tragfunktion für das jeweils nachgeschaltete Heizflächenbündel 9 bzw. 13.At least a part of the connecting
Das Heizflächenbündel 13 bzw. seine Heizflächen 13a - 13c sind über Verbindungsleitungen 15 mit Verteilern 16 verbunden, so daß die Heizflächen 13, 9 und 3 im Gegenstrom zum oben eintretenden Gas G von dem über die Sammler 16 zugeführten Kühlmedium K (z. B. Wasser/Dampf) durchströmt werden. Selbstverständlich kann die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung bei Bedarf auch im Gleichstrom betrieben werden, wobei das Gas unten in den Behälter eintritt.The
Vor dem Heizflächenbündel 13 verringert sich der Durchmessers des Behälters 1 im Bereich 1a, so daß die Geschwindigkeit des in das Heizflächenbündel 13 einströmenden bereits teilgekühlten Gases erhöht wird, so daß die in der Beschreibungseinleitung angesprochenen Vorteile erzielt werden können.In front of the
Während bei der dargestellten Ausführungsform die Reduzierung des freien Strömungsquerschnitts durch eine Reduzierung des Behälterdurchmessers erzielt wird, kann eine solche Reduzierung auch dadurch erreicht werden, daß der Durchmesser der in der nachfolgenden Heizfläche verwendeten Kühlrohre verändert wird, daß die Heizflächen in dem Bündel 13 verändert werden, daß die Rohrteilung in den einzelnen Heizflächen verringert wird oder daß in die Heizfläche ein zusätzlicher Verdrängungskörper, der vorzugsweise auch als innere Wandkühlfläche ausgebildet sein kann, eingebracht wird.While in the embodiment shown the reduction in the free flow cross-section is achieved by reducing the container diameter, such a reduction can also be achieved by changing the diameter of the cooling pipes used in the subsequent heating surface by changing the heating surfaces in the
In der Fig. 1 ist der Einfachheit halber die Behälterwandung selbst als Begrenzung des Strömungsweges für das zu kühlende Gas dargestellt. Es ist aber auch möglich, daß die Begrenzung der Gasstrecke durch eine gesondere Wandheizfläche und/oder als Blechhemd und/oder als Mauerwerk ausgebildet sein kann, wie dies in Form einer Wandheizfläche und einer Ausmauerung in der DE-PS 31 37 576 gezeigt ist.1, for the sake of simplicity, the container wall itself is shown as a limitation of the flow path for the gas to be cooled. But it is also possible that the limitation of the gas route can be formed by a special wall heating surface and / or as a sheet metal shirt and / or as masonry, as in the form of a Wall heating surface and a brick lining is shown in DE-PS 31 37 576.
Es ist möglich, daß die Verteiler 16 und/oder die Sammler 5 ganz oder teilweise auch im Gasstrom angeordnet sind; sie können auch zwischen Behälterwand und gesonderter Wandheizfläche bzw. Blechen bzw. Mauerwerk angeordnet sein.It is possible that the
Falls das zu kühlende Gas nicht von oben in den Behälter 1 eintritt, sondern ein seitlicher Rohgaseintritt vorgesehen ist, wird das Heizflächenbündel 3 nicht von einem Auflager 2 an der Seitenwandung abgetragen werden, sondern es wird vorteilhaft sein, das Heizflächenbündel 3 und damit die Heizflächenbündel 9 und 13 an der Deckenkonstruktion des Behälters abzutragen.If the gas to be cooled does not enter the container 1 from above, but a lateral raw gas inlet is provided, the
Bei der Ausführungsform gemäß Fig. 2 besteht das Heizflächenbündel 17 aus drei Heizflächen, in denen sich Rohre 18 parallel zur Gasströmung erstrecken und die einen quadratischen Querschnitt aufweisen.In the embodiment according to FIG. 2, the
Bei dem in der Fig. 3 gezeigten Heizflächenbündel 19 bestehen die einzelnen Heizflächen 20 aus schottenartigen Teilheizflächen 20a mit quer angeströmten Rohren, die polygonalartig angeordnet sind.In the
Bei der Ausführungsform gemäß Fig. 4 weist das Heizflächenbündel 21 mehrere schraubenlinienförmig gewickelte Heizflächen 22 auf. Die Ausführungsformen gemäß Fig. 2 - 4 zeigen Beispiele für Heizflächenbündel in geschlossener Geometrie mit an sich beliebiger Führung der Kühlrohre in verschweißter Flossenrohr- oder Rohr/Steg/Rohr-Konstruktion.In the embodiment according to FIG. 4, the
Claims (7)
- Device for cooling a gas that forms deposits comprising an upright container (1) through which the gas flows , at least two heating surface units (3, 9; 9, 13) being arranged in the container and being comprised of at least one heating surface of closed geometry, a cooling medium flowing through said at least two heating surface units, and a plurality of beating devices (7, 11, 14) associated to the individual heating surfaces for the mechanical cleaning of the heating surfaces,
characterized in that the upper (3; 9) of the heating surface units (3, 9; 9, 13) is supported (2) by the container (1) and the lower heating surface (9; 13) is connected to the upper heating surface unit (3; 19) by connecting tubes (8; 12) conveying a cooling medium in such a manner that the cooling medium flows sequentially through the heating surface units (6; 10; 13') and the connecting tubes (8; 12) form between the heating surfaces an open geometry which does not impair the beating effect (7; 11; 14) on the individual heating surface units. - Device according to claim 1,
characterized in that each heating surface unit (3; 9; 13) comprises a plurality of heating surfaces (3a-3b; 9a-9d; 13a-13c) being arranged in a nested configuration in a bundle-like manner, each of the heating surfaces projecting from a neighboring one of the heating surfaces and in the beating devices (7a-7d; 11a-11d; 14a-14c) being able to act independently on the heating surfaces (3a-3d; 9a-9d; 13a-13c). - Device according to claim 1 or 2,
characterized in that the height of said heating surface bundle and the heating surfaces, respectively, in the direction of flow of the gas is adjusted to the cleaning effect determined by the acceleration exerted by the beating devices. - Device according to at least one of the claims 1 - 3,
characterized in that the connecting tubes (8; 12) extend substantially vertically and straight in direction of the gas flow (G). - Device according to at least one of the claims 1 - 4,
characterized in that starting from the area of the connecting tubes the free cross-section of the gas (G) is delimited (1a) in such a manner that the velocity is increased in the following heating surface unit (13). - Device according to at least one of the claims 1 - 5,
characterized in that the contruction of the individual heating surfaces (3; 9; 13) in a closed geometry is achievable by the use of tube-stay-tube construction or by using fin-tube contruction. - Device according to at least one of the claims 1 - 6,
characterized in that an outer wall cooling surface and/or an inner wall cooling surface delimiting the gas flow to an annular flow chamber are provided, which are also supplied by cooling medium.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE4324586 | 1993-07-22 | ||
| DE4324586A DE4324586C1 (en) | 1993-07-22 | 1993-07-22 | Device for cooling a film-forming gas |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0635694A2 EP0635694A2 (en) | 1995-01-25 |
| EP0635694A3 EP0635694A3 (en) | 1995-06-28 |
| EP0635694B1 true EP0635694B1 (en) | 1997-09-10 |
Family
ID=6493424
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP94110240A Expired - Lifetime EP0635694B1 (en) | 1993-07-22 | 1994-07-01 | System for cooling a gas which forms deposits |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5482110A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0635694B1 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE4324586C1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2107713T3 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102679770A (en) * | 2012-05-11 | 2012-09-19 | 武汉工程大学 | Adjustable reciprocating pulsating flow reinforced heat transfer heat exchanger |
| CN114705064A (en) * | 2022-03-30 | 2022-07-05 | 南京华电节能环保股份有限公司 | Raw coke oven gas waste heat recycling device for coke oven ascension pipe |
Families Citing this family (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2761147B1 (en) * | 1997-03-24 | 1999-05-14 | Gec Alsthom Stein Ind | REDUCED HEAT EXCHANGER |
| JP3509695B2 (en) * | 2000-04-13 | 2004-03-22 | 哲人 田村 | Rapid cooling apparatus and method |
| US8684070B2 (en) * | 2006-08-15 | 2014-04-01 | Babcock & Wilcox Power Generation Group, Inc. | Compact radial platen arrangement for radiant syngas cooler |
| US20120125567A1 (en) * | 2009-07-09 | 2012-05-24 | Thomas Paul Von Kossakglowczewski | Heat exchanger |
| CN102472592B (en) * | 2009-07-09 | 2015-03-25 | 国际壳牌研究有限公司 | Heat exchanger |
| KR20190004687A (en) | 2010-01-21 | 2019-01-14 | 에어 프로덕츠 앤드 케미칼스, 인코오포레이티드 | Heat exchanger and method of operating a heat exchanger |
| AU2011298482B2 (en) | 2010-08-30 | 2014-09-18 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Gasification reactor |
| RU2476800C1 (en) * | 2011-09-22 | 2013-02-27 | Алексей Павлович Левцев | Heat exchanger |
| KR20170005086A (en) * | 2014-05-13 | 2017-01-11 | 쉘 인터내셔날 리써취 마트샤피지 비.브이. | Heat exchange device for cooling synthetic gas and method of assembly thereof |
| RU189928U1 (en) * | 2019-02-13 | 2019-06-11 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Национальный исследовательский Мордовский государственный университет им. Н.П. Огарёва" | Water-to-water heat exchanger |
| RU194586U1 (en) * | 2019-10-16 | 2019-12-17 | ФГБОУ ВО "Национальный исследовательский Мордовский государственный университет им. Н.П. Огарева" | Water-to-water heat exchanger |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB732104A (en) * | 1950-12-29 | 1955-06-22 | Svenska Maskinverken Ab | Improvements relating to the cleaning of heat-exchanger tubes |
| CH632584A5 (en) * | 1977-09-26 | 1982-10-15 | Vorkauf Heinrich | Heat exchanger having tube panels which can be cleaned by vibration |
| DE3137576C2 (en) * | 1981-09-22 | 1985-02-28 | L. & C. Steinmüller GmbH, 5270 Gummersbach | Device for cooling process gas originating from a gasification process |
| DE3737359A1 (en) * | 1987-11-04 | 1989-05-18 | Krupp Koppers Gmbh | COOLING BOILER FOR COOLING PARTIAL OXIDATION RAW GAS |
| DE3725424C1 (en) * | 1987-07-31 | 1988-07-21 | Steinmueller Gmbh L & C | Radiation cooler for cooling gases laden with dust |
| DE3824233A1 (en) * | 1988-07-16 | 1990-01-18 | Krupp Koppers Gmbh | PLANT FOR THE PRODUCTION OF A PRODUCT GAS FROM A FINE-PARTIC CARBON SUPPORT |
-
1993
- 1993-07-22 DE DE4324586A patent/DE4324586C1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1994
- 1994-07-01 ES ES94110240T patent/ES2107713T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-07-01 DE DE59404010T patent/DE59404010D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-07-01 EP EP94110240A patent/EP0635694B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-07-22 US US08/278,877 patent/US5482110A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102679770A (en) * | 2012-05-11 | 2012-09-19 | 武汉工程大学 | Adjustable reciprocating pulsating flow reinforced heat transfer heat exchanger |
| CN102679770B (en) * | 2012-05-11 | 2013-12-11 | 武汉工程大学 | Adjustable reciprocating pulsating flow reinforced heat transfer heat exchanger |
| CN114705064A (en) * | 2022-03-30 | 2022-07-05 | 南京华电节能环保股份有限公司 | Raw coke oven gas waste heat recycling device for coke oven ascension pipe |
| CN114705064B (en) * | 2022-03-30 | 2023-06-13 | 南京华电节能环保股份有限公司 | Raw gas waste heat recycling device for coke oven rising pipe |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ES2107713T3 (en) | 1997-12-01 |
| EP0635694A2 (en) | 1995-01-25 |
| EP0635694A3 (en) | 1995-06-28 |
| US5482110A (en) | 1996-01-09 |
| DE59404010D1 (en) | 1997-10-16 |
| DE4324586C1 (en) | 1994-11-17 |
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