EP0635617B1 - Panneau transparent pare-flamme - Google Patents
Panneau transparent pare-flamme Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0635617B1 EP0635617B1 EP94401680A EP94401680A EP0635617B1 EP 0635617 B1 EP0635617 B1 EP 0635617B1 EP 94401680 A EP94401680 A EP 94401680A EP 94401680 A EP94401680 A EP 94401680A EP 0635617 B1 EP0635617 B1 EP 0635617B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- panel
- glazed element
- glazing
- glass
- fire
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000005361 soda-lime glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 66
- 229920002037 poly(vinyl butyral) polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000005341 toughened glass Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000005340 laminated glass Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005388 borosilicate glass Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000979 retarding effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 10
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 6
- 241001639412 Verres Species 0.000 description 5
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009970 fire resistant effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 3
- 206010061218 Inflammation Diseases 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000746 Structural steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000032798 delamination Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000005329 float glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004054 inflammatory process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011490 mineral wool Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007665 sagging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000914 Metallic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000010425 asbestos Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001934 delay Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010339 dilation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002241 glass-ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003779 heat-resistant material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000036316 preload Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052895 riebeckite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004590 silicone sealant Substances 0.000 description 1
- HUAUNKAZQWMVFY-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;oxocalcium;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+].[Ca]=O HUAUNKAZQWMVFY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002341 toxic gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B5/00—Doors, windows, or like closures for special purposes; Border constructions therefor
- E06B5/10—Doors, windows, or like closures for special purposes; Border constructions therefor for protection against air-raid or other war-like action; for other protective purposes
- E06B5/16—Fireproof doors or similar closures; Adaptations of fixed constructions therefor
- E06B5/165—Fireproof windows
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/92—Protection against other undesired influences or dangers
- E04B1/94—Protection against other undesired influences or dangers against fire
- E04B1/946—Protection against smoke or toxic gases
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B9/00—Ceilings; Construction of ceilings, e.g. false ceilings; Ceiling construction with regard to insulation
- E04B9/34—Grid-like or open-work ceilings, e.g. lattice type box-like modules, acoustic baffles
- E04B9/36—Grid-like or open-work ceilings, e.g. lattice type box-like modules, acoustic baffles consisting of parallel slats
- E04B9/366—Grid-like or open-work ceilings, e.g. lattice type box-like modules, acoustic baffles consisting of parallel slats the principal plane of the slats being vertical
Definitions
- the invention relates to a transparent flame-retardant panel intended, when installed in the facade of a building, to delay the spread of a fire from one floor to another or, when installed in a partition, to avoid flame spread between neighboring rooms.
- This type of flame retardant panel can also be used as a gas separator intended to equip the upper part of premises, an element also designated commonly known as the block screen.
- Such a screen makes it possible to limit the propagation, even inside a room, flames, fumes and toxic gases that are released when a fire Declares itself. It is particularly useful for large premises, especially intended to receive the public, it is usually fixed to the ceiling, according to a substantially vertical plane.
- Fire-resistant glazing called flame arrester (PF) according to the ministerial decree French from 04.21.1983 and corresponding to classes G 30 or G 60 of the standard German DIN 4102 have the property, during a fire (standard), to stay in place and prevent the passage of smoke and hot gases.
- the tests standards of this type of product are described among others in ISO standards 834 and ISO 3009.
- the invention sets itself the task of producing very large glazing dimension that is flame retardant for durations significantly greater than the half hour and which can be used either in a dividing wall or in a facade either as a cantonment screen.
- the glazing of the invention In comparison with the flame-retardant glazing system which uses a laminated-tempered mounted in a more traditional way and whose effect is to limit the thermal gradient on the rear glass, the glazing of the invention also allows a significant improvement, since by allowing the deformation of the glass corresponding to a given thermal gradient, it limits the constraints which for the glazing and here also delays the breakage of this rear glass. Sealing, too, is better ensured by the techniques of the invention.
- the invention addresses both the problem of mounting the glazed element and that of his nature.
- the invention provides a transparent flame-retardant panel able to delay the spread of flames and / or smoke or gas in the event according to claim 1.
- the hardened plate (s) preferably have a thickness greater than 5 mm, in addition, their edges are polished with a roughness of the polish less than 5 ⁇ m and their quenching stress is greater than 120 megapascals and preferably of the order of 140 megapascals.
- the panel of the invention can be advantageously used as glazing in a facade or in a partition. So he is, usually fixed to the supporting structure so that the means of fixing to the frame of the glazing bead type enclose the four sides of the glazed element. If, on the other hand, it is used as a blocking screen in the upper part of premises, its fixing means must be adapted, with in particular a frame or a glazing bead enclosing only its upper edge, once fixed to the ceiling or false ceiling.
- the glazed element of the invention exists in several variants, either it is a single glazing with a thickness of the order of 6 mm or it is a laminated glass comprising at least two sheets of tempered glass each of a thickness greater than or equal to 6 mm, the plates preferably being two in number.
- the laminated glazing comprises a single interlayer film of polyvinyl butyral with a thickness less than 1 mm.
- the glazed element according to the invention can also be an insulating glazing including at least the glass plate on the side opposite the fire is a tempered glass conforming to the criteria defined above, as for the plates exposed to fire, they can be made of tempered glass normal or laminated glass.
- the insulating glazing comprises a balancing element which limits overpressure when the glazing is exposed to fire and the glass plates are assembled at their periphery with a silicone-based glue.
- the glazed element of the panel can have glazing called fireproof and formed of at least two glass plates parallel to each other and define an intermediate space in which is placed a layer made of an aqueous gel whose aqueous phase contains a salt, a type of glazing, for example known from the patents FR - 2 346 548, EP- 0 214 056 or EP- 0 442 768 as well as patents FR - 2 027 646 or FR - 2 321 575.
- Their operating principle is as follows: the heat, in case of fire, begins to be absorbed into the glazing by water from the aqueous gel and it vaporizes it.
- said gel constitutes a solid crust which makes a “Shield” which insulates against thermal radiation and which, in the context of the invention can also act as a barrier to flames or gas.
- the glazed element can also, in addition to the plate or plates of soda-lime-silica glass , include plates in so-called special glasses presenting by their composition increased resistance to heat, especially one or more borosilicate glass plates.
- plates in reinforced silico-soldo-calcic glass can also mention the plates in reinforced silico-soldo-calcic glass.
- the glass element mounting system always when it is used of separation element of the blocking screen type, i.e. the assembly means that will allow it to be fixed to the supporting structure, intervenes also significantly in the general appearance of the element of separation.
- these means are therefore designed so as to leave visible at least one of the sides of the glazed element, in particular its edges lateral and most of its lower edge.
- lateral In the context of the invention, the terms "lateral”, “upper” or “lower” are understand with reference to the separation element that we consider once fixed to the supporting structure, like a ceiling, according to a plan substantially vertical).
- These fixing means include in particular support means of a part of the lower edge of the glazed element, means in particular located at the corners of said edge and which may take the form of small support lugs.
- the fixing means may also include means for holding at least one of the edges of the glazed element, in particular its upper edge.
- a means of maintenance in the context of the invention, any means for positioning the glazed element relative to the supporting structure and / or to keep it fixed more or less strongly and / or to ensure gas tightness between the separating element and the structure or ceiling against which it is subsequently disposed.
- These means of maintenance include in particular a frame or a glazing bead not covering preferably at most 15 millimeters from the periphery of the edge, distance measured at from his song. This ensures gas tightness between said edge and the frame or the glazing bead.
- This distance of at most 15 millimeters is indeed advantageous in the sense that the portion of glass which is enclosed in the frame where the glazing bead is sufficiently reduced to reduce the thermal gradients in the glazed element subjected to fire between its middle part and its peripheral edges covered by said frame, thermal gradients which are the source of sudden glass breakage.
- this distance remains sufficient to ensure satisfactory maintenance of the glazed element in its frame.
- the sealing mentioned is of course important to avoid the circulation of flames and smoke between frame and glass.
- a fibrous material which may be of metallic or ceramic nature.
- the advantage of a fibrous material is its ability to compression, which makes it possible to "adjust" the intensity of the element's tightening glazed in its frame by mechanical means of the screw and bolt type, and therefore to adjust the fixation between them. If it is metallic in nature, which is for example known from patent application EP-0 568 458, it contributes on the one hand, by its high thermal conductivity, to decrease the thermal gradients between the edge of the glazed element covered by the frame and the rest of said element.
- these means for holding the upper edge of the glazed element can be designed so that once the assembly is attached to the structure load-bearing, they guarantee gas tightness between the element of separation and said supporting structure of the ceiling type.
- the way of holding advantageously in the form of a frame can be extended so that it can be place on the ceiling without discontinuity of contact between frame and ceiling.
- Connection means can also be advantageously provided for connecting the support means, of the lug type, to the lower edge of the element glazed to the frame type holding means of the upper edge of the latter.
- these connecting means in the form of rods, run along without contact at at least one of the side edges of the glazed element and are designed so as to being able to pivot relative to said holding element.
- the means for fixing the glazed element are preferably metallic, the metal exhibiting good fire resistance and also thermally expanding more than the glass element.
- said frame will expand at least as much as glass during a fire and therefore will allow it to relatively freely deform under heat, even if the glass initially is relatively firmly held in the frame.
- the glazed elements according to the invention can usually have a height of 0.3 to 1 meter, a length from 1 to 2.5 meters and a thickness of about 6 to 10 millimeters or more.
- FIG. 1 there is shown in 1 a monolithic toughened glazing according to the invention. It is a silico-soda-lime float glass which has undergone a particular treatment which will be presented in detail later.
- the sheet steel profile folded 2 with a thickness of about 2 mm constitutes the frame of the glazing, it is linked to the structure of the building under the conditions described below.
- This profile 2 has an angled section rebate which carries the glass through lower support wedges 5 made of an asbestos-based material.
- the PROMABEST Y name of the PROMAT Company in 78540 Vernouillet (France) indicates a suitable material.
- the dimensions of the support wedges 5 are: width 13 mm, thickness 8 mm, they extend continuously under the entire horizontal dimension of the glazing. On both vertical sides and above the glazing a space of equivalent thickness is left free. On either side of glass, seals 6 in ceramic fiber hold it laterally. For the sealing of the joint covers 7, for example made of silicone, complete the assembly. The lateral holding is ensured by a glazing bead 3 also folded sheet. She has a longitudinal lug 10 which fits into the housing 9 of the profile main. From place to place, a self-tapping screw 11 prevents during the fire at the exit of the glazing bead, the space between the screws 11 is around 70 cm or less. The height of the profiles 2 is, for glazing with a dimension of 1.70 m squared, around 80 mm. The width must be narrower, of the order of half.
- Profile 2 is not in direct contact with the building structure but it exists all around the frame, when cold, a significant peripheral clearance (at least 0.6% that is to say, for example, 20 mm of cumulative play with respect to the structure for overall dimensions of the glass assembly of the order of 3 m).
- this game shown in 17 is filled with rock wool.
- the lateral fixing of the frame perpendicular to the glass is rigid.
- the assembly is provided so that the light comes from the right, in this case, it is advantageous that the washers 18 (on the side of the light) are made of a material which flows with heat but whose cold modulus remains high and low creep; An aluminum alloy is suitable as a material for these washers; but even with steel washers, in general, the efforts of expansion and the clearance provided by the heating of the screw are such that the expansion of the frame is not prevented.
- a fixing of the same type allows a plate 14 to close off the passage without hindering the expansion of the frame by means of screws 15 passing through oblong holes 16.
- the space 17 is, as we have seen, advantageously filled with rock wool.
- the clearances which are provided, on the one hand at the periphery of the glass in 5 and on the other part at the periphery of the frame at 17 make it possible to greatly limit the stresses on the glass during a fire. If the game around the glass can remain the same, regardless of the dimensions of it, it is not the same of the set 17, at the periphery of the frame. It must be all the more important as the dimensions of the frame are themselves more important. In general, a set of 8 mm at the periphery of the glass is sufficient. On the other hand, as we have seen, the game 17 must be about 0.6% of the corresponding size of the rack.
- the soda-lime-silica glass 1 in FIG. 1 has a thickness of 6 mm. He has underwent special treatment. In general, the glazed element consists glazing designed to stay in place during a fire.
- the glass elements of the invention both simpler in design and more rigorous allow to obtain fire resistance of longer duration. They have one or more plates of soda-lime-silica glass, one of which least underwent special treatment. This consists on the one hand of a polishing edges with a polish roughness of less than 5 ⁇ m and on the other hand thermal quenching treatment providing compression stress at least 120 megapascals and preferably 140 megapascals.
- Figure 2 shows the association of a frame little different from that of Figure 1 with a glazed element consisting of insulating glazing.
- the insulating glass 20 consists of two glasses 21, 22 of which at least one 22 has undergone the treatment of the invention, it is it which is located on the side opposite the fire.
- the profile 23 which separates the two glasses is made of steel, the assembly is made with a silicone sealant 24.
- the insulating glass is equipped with a device not shown which allows pressure balancing between the interior and exterior of the glazing when a fire causes its warming up.
- the mounting of the insulating glazing 20 in the profile 25 is identical to that of the figure 1, the connection method between the frame and the building structure is also the same.
- a glazing 21 which is either a normal tempered glass or a laminated glass combining two annealed silico-soda-lime glasses.
- the glazed element is a 2 x 10 mm laminated glazing, each element component in soda-lime-silica glass has undergone two special treatments described above. They are associated with a single thick PVB sheet 0.76 mm.
- the glazing is vertical, with a height of 2.78 m by a width of 1.68 m.
- a second embodiment of the invention is shown in Figures 3 to 5. This is a cantonment screen, or separation element.
- the separating element 31 shown schematically in Figure 3 is intended to be suspended in a substantially vertical plane from the ceiling (not shown) of a large room in order to block, or at least stop the spread of smoke, flames and gases for a certain period of time toxic throughout the premises if a fire breaks out there.
- This element 31 mainly comprises a transparent glazed element composed of a so-called flame arrester glazing with good fire resistance. It's about monolithic glazing (it could of course also have a structure laminated or insulating glass) in float glass soda-lime silica having undergone on the one hand, a polishing of its edges in order to obtain a lower polished roughness at 5 micrometers and on the other hand thermal quenching in order to give it a surface compression stress of at least 120 Mpa and here around 140 Mpa, just like the monolithic glazing in Figure 1 above.
- the edge of the glazing 32 In the upper part of the glazing 32, the edge of the glazing 32, so that which is going to find the closest to the ceiling, with its periphery enclosed in a profile metal 35 which, as shown in Figure 4, consists of a plate 36 and a angle iron 37.
- the angle iron 37 is screwed onto the flat 36 using associated nuts 38 screws 39.
- he is chosen metallic, it allows, by penetrating the surface of the softened glass, to slow down its fall from the heat of a fire and because he is a good conductor thermal, it limits the thermal gradient between the edge of the glazing 32 in the frame profile 35 and the rest of the glazing.
- This fibrous material whatever its nature, exhibits at rest a section of approximately 10 x 5 square millimeters.
- the fibrous material 40 is found more or less strongly compressed and the glazing 32 more or less firmly held in profile 35.
- the profile 35 is here of a metallic nature, it is however not necessary to provide at the start too much cold play, between frame and glazing allowing the glazing to deform in the event of fire, since the profile will tend to expand more than glass, thereby creating the necessary clearance for time of fire. If the profile is of a different nature, it may be advantageous however, to provide a greater peripheral clearance, when cold, between the glazing 32 and profile 35 to prevent the glazing from suddenly breaking during a fire and is therefore rendered completely ineffective.
- the dish 36 is provided in the upper part with orifices 42 regularly distributed over its entire length and intended to be able to fix it securely to the ceiling using known mechanical means not shown.
- the separating element 31 can therefore, by extending this dish 36, press against the ceiling, in prohibiting any passage of gas or flames between the two.
- the glazing support effort 32 can be partly and even essentially ensured by a firm hold of the upper edge of the latter in its profile 35.
- This support consists to support the two lower corners of the glazing of the glazing 32 using lugs 33 taking the form of metal sections of U-shaped section. They can be provided with a length adapted so that they provide effective support while remaining sufficiently discreet. A good compromise is for example a length of in the range of 15 to 25 millimeters.
- lugs 33 are themselves supported by metal rods 34 of square cross section of approximately 12 x 12 square millimeters which run along the side edges of the glazing 32 without touching them and are fixed to the profile 35 so as to allow a pivoting movement of the rods by report to the profiflé.
- the mounting of the glazing therefore minimizes the risk of breakage of the glazing, limiting the thermal gradients in the glazing and leaving it possibility of deformation, while providing it with effective mechanical support times the separating element 31 suspended.
- the separating element 31 is during the test located at 190 millimeters parallel and behind the glass ceramic glass constituting the front face of the oven used to simulate the fire.
- the screen 31 retains its mechanical strength without any weakness. From the 25 th minute, the glass begins to sag and become thinner below the fixing region by clamping in the profile 35. The collapse thereof occurs to the 35th minute.
- the separation elements according to the invention are therefore capable of blocking in the upper part of premises the propagation of flames and gases for at least about 30 minutes. They therefore have the required level of fire resistance while being very aesthetic.
- the assembly described in the aforementioned request EP - 0 568 458 is also particularly recommended. So both by the choice of the fire-resistant glazed element itself and by the choice of its mounting, the screen according to the invention can be adapted according to the needs and the level of performance required. In any event, the type of mounting allows the element glazed to expand freely, since it has three of its free sides, its side upper clamped with a fibrous material in a manner allowing also some dilation.
- the screens can be placed side by side if necessary, assembling for example using a heat resistant and waterproof seal gas, disposed between the rods 34 of the screens that are assembled.
- a heat resistant and waterproof seal gas disposed between the rods 34 of the screens that are assembled.
- panes just described and their mounting technique allow thus, from inexpensive and excellent optical quality lenses, obtaining high performance flame retardants.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)
- Surface Treatment Of Glass (AREA)
- Securing Of Glass Panes Or The Like (AREA)
- Gas-Filled Discharge Tubes (AREA)
- Glass Compositions (AREA)
Description
ΔT = 345 Log 10 (8t + 1) ; (ΔT en kelvins et t en minutes) les conditions de montage conduisent systématiquement à ce que tout gradient thermique se transforme en contraintes dans la plaque de verre. Celles-ci peuvent atteindre des valeurs importantes, et s'il s'agit de contraintes d'extension, elles compensent la précontrainte de compression du verre trempé, tout dépassement entraínant un risque de casse. En revanche, le montage conforme à l'invention permet une relaxation des contraintes d'origine thermique puisque le verre peut se déformer librement : la limite de rupture du verre trempé, bien supérieure grâce à des conditions particulières, n'est atteinte que pour des gradients thermiques nettement supérieurs. Cependant, les déformations du vitrage pare-flamme selon l'invention, grâce à la technique d'étanchéité et à la possibilité de dilatations, restent compatibles avec un comportement de barrière aux gaz chauds, aux fumées et aux flammes.
- figure 1 : une coupe d'un cadre d'un vitrage monolithique conforme à l'invention et,
- figure 2 : un vitrage double.
- figure 3 : un écran de cantonnement selon l'invention,
- figure 4 : une vue partielle de la fixation en partie haute de l'élément vitré de l'écran de cantonnement selon la figure 3,
- figure 5 : une vue partielle du montage de la fixation en partie basse de l'élément vitré de l'écran de cantonnement selon la figure 3.
- hauteur 168 cm, largeur 105 cm
- et hauteur 168 cm, largeur 172 cm
- à la 12ème minute, le montant vertical central se cintrait vers le four avec une flèche de 10 cm,
- à la 24ème minute, montant et traverse centraux avaient une flèche de 15 cm et à 38 minutes, de 20 cm,
- à la minute 43, la flèche atteint 25 cm, la déformation du vitrage le plus grand est visible,
- à la 59ème minute, le plus grand des verres du haut commence à fluer et libère pour la première fois le passage aux flammes et aux gaz : fin de l'essai.
- dès la 3ème minute le vitrage se déforme (convexité du côté du four),
- à la minute 7 le verre côté chaud se fragmente en tout petits morceaux qui restent collés à l'autre verre,
- minute 14, inflammation du PVB. Quelques fragments du verre côté chaud tombent,
- 18ème minute, le PVB noircit,
- minute 21 : la déformation (cintrage) du vitrage atteint 5 cm,
- minute 36 début de fluage du vitrage mais il reste maintenu en partie haute,
- 42ème minute, la partie haute du vitrage sort de la pareclose,
- minute 43 : fin de l'essai, le vitrage s'effondre et libère le passage pour les flammes et les gaz.
Claims (19)
- Panneau (31) transparent dit pare-flamme apte à retarder la propagation (2, 3, 25, 33, 34, 35) des flammes et/ou fumées ou gaz en cas d'incendie et comportant un élément vitré (1, 21, 22, 32) comportant une ou plusieurs plaques de verre silico-sodo-calcique dont une au moins a subi un traitement de trempe thermique et équipé de moyens aptes à le fixer à une structure porteuse d'un bâtiment, l'élément vitré pouvant se déformer librement lors de son échauffement en cours d'incendie, l'ensemble des jeux périphériques mesurés à froid entre l'élément vitré et ses moyens de fixation à la structure porteuse et entre lesdits moyens et ladite structure étant suffisamment grands pour permettre la dilatation libre de l'élément vitré causée par son échauffement, caractérisé en ce que les moyens de fixation (2, 3, 25, 33, 34, 35) qui équipent l'élément vitré (1, 21, 22, 32) sur au moins un de ses côtés ne recouvrent la périphérie de la plaque de verre (1, 22, 32) ayant subi une trempe thermique que jusqu'à une distance de son chant égale au maximum à 15 mm et de préférence égale à 10 mm.
- Panneau selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la ou les plaques de verre de l'élément vitré ayant subi une trempe thermique ont une épaisseur supérieure à 5 mm, en ce que leurs chants sont polis avec une rugosité du poli inférieure à 5 µm et en ce que leur contrainte de trempe est supérieure à 120 mégapascals et de préférence de l'ordre de 140 mégapascals
- Panneau (31) selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que l'élément vitré (1, 21, 22, 32) comporte une seule plaque de verre d'une épaisseur de l'ordre de 6 mm.
- Panneau (31) selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que l'élément vitré (1, 21, 22, 32) est un verre feuilleté, comportant notamment au moins deux plaques de verre trempé chacune d'une épaisseur supérieure ou égale à 6 mm.
- Panneau (31) selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que le vitrage feuilleté comporte un seul film intercalaire de polyvinylbutyral d'une épaisseur inférieure à 1 mm.
- Panneau (31) selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que l'élément vitré (1, 21, 22, 32) est un vitrage isolant (20) dont au moins la plaque de verre (22) du côté opposé au feu est en un verre trempé conforme à la revendication 2.
- Panneau (31) selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que la ou les plaques (21) exposées au feu sont en verre trempé normal ou en verre feuilleté.
- Panneau (31) selon la revendication 6 ou 7, caractérisé en ce que le vitrage isolant (20) comporte un élément d'équilibrage qui limite la surpression lorsque le vitrage est exposé au feu.
- Panneau (31) selon l'une des revendications 6 à 8, caractérisé en ce que les plaques de verre sont assemblées à leur périphérie avec une colle à base de silicone (24).
- Panneau (31) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le maintien de l'élément vitré (1, 21, 22, 32) dans les moyens de fixation (2, 3, 25, 33, 34, 35) ayant la forme de cadre ou de pareclose (35) est assuré à l'aide d'un matériau fibreux (40) interposé entre les deux, notamment de nature céramique ou métallique.
- Panneau (31) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il est destiné à être disposé en partie haute de locaux en tant qu'élément de séparation, les moyens (33, 34, 35) aptes à fixer l'élément vitré à la structure porteuse du type plafond étant conçus de manière à laisser apparents au moins un des côtés dudit élément vitré (32), notamment les bords latéraux et la majeure partie du bord inférieur de l'élément vitré (32) une fois fixé à la structure porteuse selon un plan substantiellement vertical.
- Panneau (31) selon la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce que les moyens (33, 34, 35) aptes à fixer l'élément (32) à la structure porteuse comportent des moyens de soutien (33) d'une partie du bord inférieur de l'élément vitré (32) une fois fixé à la structure porteuse, notamment au niveau des coins dudit bord.
- Panneau (31) selon la revendication 11 ou 12, caractérisé en ce que les moyens (33, 34, 35) aptes à fixer l'élément (32) à la structure porteuse comportant des moyens de maintien (35) d'au moins un des bords de l'élément vitré (32), notamment uniquement le bord supérieur dudit élément (32) une fois fixé à la structure porteuse, moyens de maintien comprenant un cadre ou une pareclose ne recouvrant de préférence qu'au plus 15 millimètres de la périphérie du bord mesurée à partir de son chant et assurant l'étanchéité vis-à-vis des gaz entre bord et cadre ou pareclose.
- Panneau (31) selon l'une des revendications 11 à 13, caractérisé en ce que les moyens de maintien (35) du bord supérieur de l'élément vitré (32) sont conçus de manière à ce qu'une fois l'élément de séparation (31) fixé à la structure porteuse du type plafond, ils garantissent l'étanchéité aux gaz entre élément de séparation (31) et la structure porteuse du type plafond ou le faux plafond.
- Panneau selon l'une des revendications 11 à 14, caractérisé en ce que les moyens de soutien (33) sont reliés aux moyens de maintien (35) par des moyens de liaison (34), notamment des tiges longeant sans contact au moins un des bords latéraux de l'élément vitré (32) une fois l'ensemble fixé à la structure porteuse et pouvant pivoter par rapport auxdits moyens de maintien (35).
- Panneau (31) selon l'une des revendications 11 à 15, caractérisé en ce que les moyens de fixation (33, 34, 35) de l'élément vitré (32) sont métalliques.
- Panneau (31) selon l'une des revendications 11 à 16, caractérisé en ce que l'élément vitré (32) est un vitrage anti-feu formé d'au moins deux plaques de verre parallèles entre elles et définissant un espace intermédiaire dans lequel est placée une couche faite d'un gel aqueux dont la phase aqueuse comporte un sel.
- Panneau (31) selon l'une des revendications 11 à 17, caractérisé en ce que l'élément vitré (32) comporte également au moins une plaque de verre en borosilicate ou au moins une plaque de verre silico-sodo-calcique armé.
- Pluralité de panneaux (31) selon l'une des revendications 11 à 18, caractérisé en ce qu'ils sont assemblés côte à côte à l'aide de moyens de jointoiement étanches aux gaz.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9309051 | 1993-07-22 | ||
FR9309051A FR2708031B3 (fr) | 1993-07-22 | 1993-07-22 | Panneau transparent pare-flamme. |
FR9311948A FR2710932B1 (fr) | 1993-10-07 | 1993-10-07 | Elément de séparation vis-à-vis des gaz destiné à équiper la partie haute de locaux. |
FR9311948 | 1993-10-07 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0635617A2 EP0635617A2 (fr) | 1995-01-25 |
EP0635617A3 EP0635617A3 (fr) | 1995-03-15 |
EP0635617B1 true EP0635617B1 (fr) | 1998-05-13 |
Family
ID=26230500
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP94401680A Expired - Lifetime EP0635617B1 (fr) | 1993-07-22 | 1994-07-21 | Panneau transparent pare-flamme |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0635617B1 (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE166130T1 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE69410175T2 (fr) |
DK (1) | DK0635617T3 (fr) |
ES (1) | ES2119107T3 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10358022B4 (de) * | 2003-12-11 | 2006-07-13 | Heinrich Strunz Gmbh | Fußprofil mit Durchbrandschutz |
FR2931177B1 (fr) * | 2008-05-13 | 2012-12-07 | Interver Securite | Ecran de cantonnement vitre |
FR2941248A1 (fr) * | 2009-01-20 | 2010-07-23 | Eda | Dispositif anti-propagation de fumees et autres gaz de combustion, notamment pour batiment |
Family Cites Families (18)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
LU60053A1 (fr) | 1969-01-02 | 1970-02-18 | ||
DE2439034C3 (de) | 1974-08-14 | 1978-01-05 | Ibegla Glasverkauf Gmbh | Gegen hitzeeinwirkung widerstandsfaehige verglasung |
US4081931A (en) * | 1975-01-11 | 1978-04-04 | Kiyotaka Miyoshi | Anti-smoke hanging wall and construction method |
DE2527134C3 (de) | 1975-06-18 | 1979-01-04 | Ibegla Glasverkauf Gmbh, 5000 Koeln | Fenster mit erhöhter Feuerwiderstandsfähigkeit |
FR2321575A1 (fr) | 1975-08-22 | 1977-03-18 | Bfg Glassgroup | Panneau antifeu feuillete transmettant la lumiere |
FR2346548A1 (fr) | 1976-03-30 | 1977-10-28 | Saint Gobain | Vitrage multiple anti-feu, comportant une couche intercalaire de gel |
DE2645259A1 (de) * | 1976-10-07 | 1978-04-13 | Ver Glaswerke Gmbh | Feuerwiderstandsfaehige verglasung |
SE7713585L (sv) | 1976-12-03 | 1978-06-04 | Saint Gobain | Brandbestendigt fonster |
DE3125597A1 (de) * | 1981-06-30 | 1983-01-27 | Schott Glaswerke, 6500 Mainz | Brandschutz-isolierverglasung |
DE3140785A1 (de) | 1981-10-14 | 1983-04-28 | Vereinigte Glaswerke Gmbh, 5100 Aachen | "fenster mit erhoehter feuerwiderstandsfaehigkeit und silikatglasscheibe fuer dieses fenster" |
US4601143A (en) * | 1984-01-26 | 1986-07-22 | O'keefe's, Inc. | Fire rated wall/door system |
DE3530968A1 (de) | 1985-08-30 | 1987-03-12 | Ver Glaswerke Gmbh | Feuerwiderstandsfaehige verglasung |
DE3537255A1 (de) | 1985-10-19 | 1987-04-23 | Ver Glaswerke Gmbh | Feuerwiderstandfaehige verglasungseinheit |
DE3700118A1 (de) * | 1987-01-03 | 1988-07-14 | Werner Straehle | Halterung fuer brandschutzverglasungen |
DE4001677C1 (fr) | 1990-01-22 | 1991-03-14 | Vegla Vereinigte Glaswerke Gmbh, 5100 Aachen, De | |
FR2690706B1 (fr) | 1992-04-30 | 1994-06-17 | Saint Gobain Vitrage Int | Element vitre anti-feu. |
FR2690946A1 (fr) | 1992-05-07 | 1993-11-12 | Saint Gobain Vitrage Int | Valve pour vitrage isolant anti-feu. |
FR2691202B1 (fr) * | 1992-05-18 | 1994-07-29 | Quartier Jean | Chassis vitre coupe-feu ou pare-flammes a duree modulable, preassemble au sol et mis en place dans un precadre. |
-
1994
- 1994-07-21 DE DE69410175T patent/DE69410175T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-07-21 EP EP94401680A patent/EP0635617B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-07-21 AT AT94401680T patent/ATE166130T1/de active
- 1994-07-21 DK DK94401680T patent/DK0635617T3/da active
- 1994-07-21 ES ES94401680T patent/ES2119107T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0635617A3 (fr) | 1995-03-15 |
DE69410175T2 (de) | 1998-12-17 |
DK0635617T3 (da) | 1999-03-01 |
DE69410175D1 (de) | 1998-06-18 |
EP0635617A2 (fr) | 1995-01-25 |
ES2119107T3 (es) | 1998-10-01 |
ATE166130T1 (de) | 1998-05-15 |
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