EP0633862B1 - Process and device for testing garbage for metallic elements - Google Patents

Process and device for testing garbage for metallic elements Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0633862B1
EP0633862B1 EP93907852A EP93907852A EP0633862B1 EP 0633862 B1 EP0633862 B1 EP 0633862B1 EP 93907852 A EP93907852 A EP 93907852A EP 93907852 A EP93907852 A EP 93907852A EP 0633862 B1 EP0633862 B1 EP 0633862B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
refuse
metal
vehicle according
container
metal probe
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EP93907852A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0633862A1 (en
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Hans-Jürgen MAIER
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65F—GATHERING OR REMOVAL OF DOMESTIC OR LIKE REFUSE
    • B65F3/00—Vehicles particularly adapted for collecting refuse
    • B65F3/02—Vehicles particularly adapted for collecting refuse with means for discharging refuse receptacles thereinto
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65F—GATHERING OR REMOVAL OF DOMESTIC OR LIKE REFUSE
    • B65F1/00—Refuse receptacles; Accessories therefor
    • B65F1/14—Other constructional features; Accessories
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65F—GATHERING OR REMOVAL OF DOMESTIC OR LIKE REFUSE
    • B65F2210/00—Equipment of refuse receptacles
    • B65F2210/152—Material detecting means
    • B65F2210/1525—Material detecting means for metal

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a refuse collection vehicle with a device for examining refuse collected in a refuse container for metal components.
  • Metal waste is a particular problem because of its material composition, in particular its heavy metal content and, for example, paint and solvent residues and other chemicals, which can be present in particular in metal cans or spray cans.
  • the heavy metals and chemicals can enter the groundwater from waste disposal sites or penetrate into surface water and contaminate it.
  • toxic waste gases can arise from metal waste, which cannot be completely filtered out even by expensive cleaning processes before being released into the air. In this respect, it is desirable for ecological reasons to collect and dispose of at least metal waste separately from other types of waste.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a possibility of checking the garbage on metal components already when picked up by a garbage truck from the garbage collector.
  • the object is achieved according to the invention with a method of the type mentioned at the outset in that the garbage container at the garbage collector is scanned by at least one metal probe connected to the vehicle before being emptied and picked up by a garbage truck, and when metal is detected, an electrical and / or acoustic and / or or optical signal is generated.
  • the at least one metal probe can generate a pulsed or continuous eddy current field, or it can radiate electromagnetic waves through the waste container.
  • a code arranged on the waste container for identifying the waste generator can be read and the number of metal detections per waste generator can be stored in a certain period of time.
  • the miller then receives quarterly or half-yearly bills with penalties, the amount of which depends on the frequency of detection of metal waste in his garbage can.
  • the reverse incentive ie a reduction in the garbage fees if metal waste is sorted out, is also conceivable.
  • the method according to the invention can in particular also reduce the garbage fees for organic waste compared to residual waste. Misuse of the organic waste container for other types of waste with metal components that are intolerable for compost production can be reliably prevented by monitoring directly at the waste generator before emptying the organic waste container.
  • the garbage truck according to the invention has a device for examining garbage collected in containers for metal components.
  • This device can have at least one metal probe and a display device.
  • the at least one metal probe and the display device can expediently be connectable to the power supply of the refuse collection vehicle.
  • the arrangement of the metal probe or probes on the garbage truck ensures that they are carried and can be used every time the garbage truck drives.
  • the at least one metal probe can be designed as a removable hand-held device, the waste containers being examined manually by moving the outside of the container with the probe or probes. This is a very inexpensive solution, which can also be retrofitted to any garbage truck or any other vehicle to carry out random checks.
  • a more convenient solution is to arrange the at least one metal probe in the area of a garbage container lifting device on the garbage truck or on the lifting device itself.
  • the waste containers are automatically checked for metal when they are picked up on the vehicle, manual intervention is no longer necessary.
  • the at least one metal probe can be movably guided on the garbage truck or the lifting device in order to be able to at least partially move off the outside of the garbage container.
  • the metal probe can also be coupled to the drive unit of a lifting device of the refuse vehicle in order to block it when a metal object is detected in the refuse container and thus to prevent the refuse container from being emptied.
  • the at least one metal probe can be annular with a diameter that is larger than the outside diameter of the waste container. she can thus encompass the entire circumference of the waste container and be moved over the length of the container in order to allow an examination of the container contents.
  • the metal probe is rod-shaped, the length of the rod corresponding at least to the height of the waste container. In this way, a horizontal movement of the probe along at least one outside of the refuse container allows the contents of the waste container to be searched for metal components.
  • the probes are loop-shaped and arranged parallel to the sides of the waste bin.
  • a plate-shaped design of the metal probes is also possible.
  • the probes described can also be designed as a battery-operated device for mobile use or can be arranged on special inspection vehicles in order to be able to carry out random tests of waste containers regardless of their emptying or collection.
  • the examination of the container contents can also be carried out by the metal probe being fixedly arranged in particular on a refuse collection vehicle and by the container being moved relative to it.
  • devices for compensating influences of metal objects outside the refuse container can expediently be provided in order to prevent malfunctions, for. B. by the vehicle, which is largely made of metal itself.
  • Such compensation devices can be, for example, purely passive shielding devices or active-acting compensation coils.
  • both the sensitivity of the metal probes and their selection behavior with regard to certain types of metal can be adjustable on the device.
  • the device can have a reading device for receiving a user code on a waste container.
  • the reading device and the metal probe can be connected to a data processing device with memory.
  • the device with a label dispensing device in order to be able to provide the waste containers with metal components in the waste with stickers which have an appeal for waste separation.
  • the severity and type of contamination of the waste with metal constituents per waste generator can also be recorded and taken into account when setting the waste charges.
  • a switch can be operated when metal is detected in a waste container, which ensures that the content of this container is in a chamber for residual waste and not in the chamber for organic waste, to those special for the production of compost Purity requirements are met. In this way, both organic and residual waste containers can be emptied in one trip.
  • a code on the waste bin indicates the type of waste and the metal probe reports any metal contamination in a bio waste bin. If a user identification code is also arranged on the garbage container, soiled impurities can be taken into account when setting the garbage fees and the user can be informed of this, for example, by a label attached to the garbage container.
  • a metal probe 13 is arranged at the rear end of the garbage truck 10. It is connected to the power supply of the garbage truck 10 via a power cable 14.
  • the probe 13 can be removed from a holder (not shown) on the vehicle 10, put over the waste container 12 and moved over its length, as a result of which the entire contents of the container 12 can be examined for metallic objects.
  • the probe 13 has an annular shape with an opening whose diameter is larger than that of the refuse container 12. In this case, the probe 13 can generate both a continuous and a pulsed eddy current field, or else irradiate the waste container 12 with electromagnetic waves.
  • the metal probe 15 in FIG. 2 is rod-shaped and cannot be removed from the lifting device 11 of the refuse vehicle 10.
  • the lower end of the probe 15 is arranged displaceably in a rail 16 perpendicular to the plane of the drawing. After the refuse container 12 has been received on the base plate 17 of the lifting device 11, the metal probe 15 is moved horizontally along the front of the refuse container 12 and the contents of the container 12 are searched for metal objects.
  • a fixed arrangement of an annular probe similar to that from FIG. 1 on the lifting device 11 would also be conceivable.
  • the ring of the metal probe could, for example, be arranged parallel to the base plate 17 at a distance which is greater than the height of the refuse container 12 and could be moved in a vertical direction over the container 12. as soon as this has been added to the base plate 17.
  • reading devices for receiving a user code or a code attached to the waste container 12 for identifying the type of waste collected in the container can also be arranged on the lifting device 11 or on the vehicle 10.
  • Such a reading device is identified in the block diagram according to FIG. 3 by the reference number 20. It can consist, for example, of a reading pen or a camera.
  • the code recorded by it is decrypted in a decryption device 21 and fed to a data processing system 22.
  • the data processing system 22 is also fed the signal of a metal probe 23 and combined with the information about the user of the garbage can that has just been examined and stored in a storage unit 24.
  • the stored data can later be evaluated when creating an invoice for the garbage fees. Waste producers who have not made a systematic separation of metal waste and other waste are asked to pay more depending on the frequency of detected metal waste.
  • the metal probe 23 is also connected to a display device, here a signal lamp 25, which lights up whenever metal objects 23 have been discovered in a waste container with the metal probe. In this way it is also possible to visually check the metal content of individual garbage cans.
  • the metal probe 23 is also connected to a drive unit 26 of a lifting device of a refuse collection vehicle, whereby emptying of this container can be prevented when metal waste is detected.
  • the metal probe 23 can also be connected to a switch 27 so that the content of the corresponding container can be diverted into the chamber for residual waste when metal is detected.
  • a label dispenser 28 is connected to the metal probe 23 in order to be able to mark garbage containers with metal components in the content accordingly and thus to prompt their users to separate the garbage.
  • the data processing device 22 is connected to an input unit 29, via which the sensitivity of the metal probe 23 and its selection behavior with respect to certain types of metal can be preselected.
  • the corresponding information is forwarded by the data processing device 22 to the metal probe 23 via a line 31 shown in broken lines.
  • Sensitivity and selection behavior of the metal probe 23 can also be set by pressing a button on the probe itself or by means of a magnetic card or a plug-in module.
  • the data processing device and, via this, also all other components of the device are connected to a power supply 30 of a refuse collection vehicle.
  • FIG. 4 schematically shows a further exemplary embodiment of a device for metal detection in the content of a refuse container 12 with a shielding plate 32 which is bent laterally.
  • a total of six plate-shaped metal probes 35 are arranged between the side skirts 33 and 34 of the shielding plate 32 so that three of the probes 35 face each other to the left and right of a waste container 12.
  • the refuse container 12 is moved past the probes 35 in a manner not shown, via a base plate 36, whereby its entire contents can be examined for metal.
  • the device according to FIG. 4 can also be arranged on a garbage truck in the area of the lifting device, the shielding plate 32 reliably preventing interference from the metal components of the garbage truck.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Refuse-Collection Vehicles (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Non-Biological Materials By The Use Of Chemical Means (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
  • Refuse Collection And Transfer (AREA)
  • Examining Or Testing Airtightness (AREA)
  • Fixed Capacitors And Capacitor Manufacturing Machines (AREA)
  • Sorting Of Articles (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)

Abstract

PCT No. PCT/EP93/00763 Sec. 371 Date Oct. 4, 1994 Sec. 102(e) Date Oct. 4, 1994 PCT Filed Mar. 30, 1993 PCT Pub. No. WO93/19999 PCT Pub. Date Oct. 14, 1993The description relates to a process and a device for checking for the presence of metal in refuse contained in a refuse container. To check the contents of a refuse container (12), the latter is scanned by at least one metal detector (15) at the pick-up site before being emptied and an electric and/or acoustic and/or optical signal is generated when metal is detected.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren und ein Müllfahrzeug mit einer Vorrichtung zur Untersuchung von in einem Müllbehälter gesammeltem Müll nach Metallbestandteilen.The invention relates to a method and a refuse collection vehicle with a device for examining refuse collected in a refuse container for metal components.

Es erfolgt heutzutage noch häufig ein ungetrenntes Sammeln von Haus- bzw. Gewerbemüll in einem einzigen Sammelbehälter, wobei dieser Müll anschließend entweder auf einer Mülldeponie abgelagert oder in einer Müllverbrennungsanlage verbrannt wird. Hierbei stellen Metallabfälle wegen ihrer stofflichen Zusammensetzung, insbesondere ihrem Gehalt an Schwermetallen sowie beispielsweise wegen Farb- und Lösungsmittelresten und sonstigen Chemikalien, die insbesondere in Metallbüchsen oder Spraydosen vorhanden sein können, ein besonderes Problem dar. Von Abfalldeponien können die Schwermetalle und die Chemikalien in das Grundwasser oder in Oberflächengewässer eindringen und diese verunreinigen. In Müllverbrennungsanlagen können durch Metallabfälle giftige Abgase entstehen, die selbst durch teure Reinigungsprozesse vor der Abgabe in die Luft nicht vollständig ausgefiltert werden können. Insofern ist es aus ökologischen Gründen wünschenswert, zumindest Metallabfälle getrennt von anderen Müllsorten zu sammeln und zu entsorgen. Aber auch angesichts der Rohstoffknappheit besteht ein Interesse daran, verschiedene Müllsorten getrennt zu sammeln und dem Recycling zuzuführen. Dies gilt insbesondere für Glas, Papier, kompostierbaren Biomüll und Altmetall. Das Recycling solcher Stoffe läßt sich jedoch nur dann rentabel durchführen, wenn die Abfälle homogen sind, so daß ein Sortieren des Mülls vor der Wiederverwertung entfällt. Dies gilt insbesondere für Biomüll, der frei von Schwermetallen sein muß, um einen Kompost zu ergeben, der in der Landwirtschaft eingesetzt werden kann. Andererseits stellt gerade die Kompostherstellung die wichtigste Entlastung immer knapper werdender Deponiekapazitäten dar.Nowadays there is still an unseparated collection of household or commercial waste in a single collection container, which waste is then either deposited in a landfill or burned in a waste incineration plant. Metal waste is a particular problem because of its material composition, in particular its heavy metal content and, for example, paint and solvent residues and other chemicals, which can be present in particular in metal cans or spray cans. The heavy metals and chemicals can enter the groundwater from waste disposal sites or penetrate into surface water and contaminate it. In waste incineration plants, toxic waste gases can arise from metal waste, which cannot be completely filtered out even by expensive cleaning processes before being released into the air. In this respect, it is desirable for ecological reasons to collect and dispose of at least metal waste separately from other types of waste. But also in view of the shortage of raw materials, there is an interest in collecting different types of waste separately and recycling them. This applies in particular to glass, paper, compostable organic waste and scrap metal. However, the recycling of such substances can only be carried out profitably if the waste is homogeneous, so that there is no sorting of the waste before recycling. This is especially true for organic waste, which must be free of heavy metals in order to produce a compost that is used in agriculture can. On the other hand, compost production is the most important relief for landfill capacities, which are becoming increasingly scarce.

Der einfachste Weg zur Gewährleistung homogener Abfälle besteht im konsequent getrennten Sammeln der einzelnen Müllsorten beim Müllproduzenten, d. h. Haushalten und Gewerbebetrieben selbst. Das Umweltbewußtsein der Bevölkerung ist zwar in den letzten Jahren stark angestiegen, doch wird das getrennte Sammeln von Müll häufig aus Bequemlichkeit oder Gedankenlosigkeit nicht konsequent genug durchgeführt. Besonders störend erweisen sich dabei aus obengenannten Gründen Metallbestandteile in Müllcontainern für spezielle Abfälle, in denen sie nichts zu suchen haben. Zwar ist in der US-PS 4,266,193 eine Vorrichtung zur Untersuchung von Abfallbehältern nach Metallgegenständen, insbesondere Eßbestecken in Kantinenabfällen und dergleichen, bereits vorgeschlagen worden. Hier ist jedoch das Ziel, die wertvollen Metallgegenstände wieder aus dem Abfall zurückgewinnen zu können.The easiest way to guarantee homogeneous waste is to collect the individual types of waste separately from the waste producer, i.e. H. Households and businesses themselves. Although environmental awareness among the population has increased significantly in recent years, the separate collection of waste is often not done consistently enough for convenience or thoughtlessness. Metal components in garbage containers for special waste, in which they have no business, prove to be particularly disruptive for the reasons mentioned above. A device for examining waste containers for metal objects, in particular eating utensils in canteen waste and the like, has already been proposed in US Pat. No. 4,266,193. However, the goal here is to be able to recover the valuable metal objects from the waste.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Kontrollmöglichkeit des Mülls auf Metallbestandteile bereits bei der Abholung durch ein Müllfahrzeug beim Müllerzeuger zu schaffen.The invention has for its object to provide a possibility of checking the garbage on metal components already when picked up by a garbage truck from the garbage collector.

Die Aufgabe wird mit einem Verfahren der eingangs genannten Art erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß der Müllbehälter beim Müllerzeuger vor der Entleerung und Abholung durch ein Müllfahrzeug mittels mindestens einer mit dem Fahrzeug verbundenen Metallsonde abgetastet wird und bei Detektieren von Metall ein elektrisches und/oder akustisches und/oder optisches Signal erzeugt wird. Dabei kann die mindestens eine Metallsonde ein impulsförmiges oder kontinuierliches Wirbelstromfeld erzeugen, oder sie kann den Müllbehälter mit elektromagnetischen Wellen durchstrahlen. Mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren läßt sich somit zuverlässig feststellen, ob ein Haushalt oder Gewerbebetrieb Metallabfälle in die untersuchte Mülltonne geworfen hat oder nicht. In einer ersten Stufe zur Gewöhnung der Bevölkerung an ein separates Sammeln von Metallabfällen könnten bei der Detektierung von Metall entsprechende Aufkleber mit einem Appell zum umweltbewußten Verhalten an den entsprechenden Mülltonnen angebracht werden, um so ein konsequenteres Trennen der Müllsorten beim Erzeuger zu erreichen. Nach dieser ersten Phase kann dann auch dazu übergegangen werden, den Müllbehälter bei einer Detektierung von Metall nicht mehr zu entleeren. Bei einer Abholung mit einem Fahrzeug mit mindestens einer Hubvorrichtung für Müllbehälter kann dazu beim Detektieren von Metall mit der Sonde eine Blockierung der jeweiligen Hubvorrichtung ausgelöst werden, so daß auch ein versehentliches Entleeren einer Metall enthaltenden Mülltonne durch das Müllabfuhrpersonal ausgeschlossen ist. Eine weitere Möglichkeit zur Motivierung der Bevölkerung, ihren Müll nach Sorten getrennt zu sammeln, besteht darin, eine deutlich erhöhte Gebühr zu verlangen, wenn Metallabfälle in den Müllbehältern festgestellt werden. Hierzu kann ein am Müllbehälter angeordneter Code zur Identifizierung des Müllerzeugers gelesen und die Anzahl der Metalldetektierungen in einem bestimmten Zeitraum je Müllerzeuger abgespeichert werden. Der Müllerzeuger erhält dann viertel- oder halbjährliche Abrechnungen mit Strafgebühren, deren Höhe von der Häufigkeit der Detektion von Metallabfällen in seiner Mülltonne abhängt. Auch der umgekehrte Anreiz, d. h. eine Verringerung der Müllgebühren bei konsequentem Aussortieren von Metallmüll, ist denkbar. Durch das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren können insbesondere auch die Müllgebühren für Biomüll im Vergleich zu Restmüll gesenkt werden. Ein Mißbrauch des Biomüllbehälters für andere Müllsorten mit für die Kompostherstellung nicht tolerierbaren Metallbestandteilen kann durch die Überwachung direkt beim Müllerzeuger vor der Entleerung des Biomüllbehälters zuverlässig unterbunden werden.The object is achieved according to the invention with a method of the type mentioned at the outset in that the garbage container at the garbage collector is scanned by at least one metal probe connected to the vehicle before being emptied and picked up by a garbage truck, and when metal is detected, an electrical and / or acoustic and / or or optical signal is generated. The at least one metal probe can generate a pulsed or continuous eddy current field, or it can radiate electromagnetic waves through the waste container. With the method according to the invention, it can thus be reliably determined whether a household or commercial enterprise Has thrown metal waste into the investigated garbage can or not. In a first step to get the population used to collecting metal waste separately, when detecting metal, appropriate stickers with an appeal for environmentally conscious behavior could be attached to the corresponding garbage cans in order to achieve a more consistent separation of the types of waste at the producer. After this first phase, it is then also possible to proceed to no longer emptying the waste container when metal is detected. When picking up with a vehicle with at least one lifting device for garbage containers, a blockage of the respective lifting device can be triggered when metal is detected with the probe, so that accidental emptying of a metal garbage can by the garbage disposal personnel is also ruled out. Another way to motivate the population to collect their waste by type is to charge a significantly higher fee if metal waste is found in the waste bins. For this purpose, a code arranged on the waste container for identifying the waste generator can be read and the number of metal detections per waste generator can be stored in a certain period of time. The miller then receives quarterly or half-yearly bills with penalties, the amount of which depends on the frequency of detection of metal waste in his garbage can. The reverse incentive, ie a reduction in the garbage fees if metal waste is sorted out, is also conceivable. The method according to the invention can in particular also reduce the garbage fees for organic waste compared to residual waste. Misuse of the organic waste container for other types of waste with metal components that are intolerable for compost production can be reliably prevented by monitoring directly at the waste generator before emptying the organic waste container.

Das erfindungsgemäße Müllfahrzeug weist eine Vorrichtung zur Untersuchung von in Behältern gesammeltem Müll nach Metallbestandteilen auf. Diese Vorrichtung kann mindestens eine Metallsonde und eine Anzeigeeinrichtung aufweisen. Die mindestens eine Metallsonde und die Anzeigeeinrichtung können dabei zweckmäßigerweise an die Stromversorgung des Müllfahrzeugs anschließbar sein. Die Anordnung der Metallsonde oder -sonden am Müllfahrzeug gewährleistet, daß diese bei jeder Fahrt des Müllfahrzeugs mitgeführt werden und zum Einsatz gebracht werden können. Die mindestens eine Metallsonde kann dabei als abnehmbares Handgerät ausgestaltet sein, wobei die Untersuchung der Müllbehälter manuell durch Abfahren der Behälteraußenseiten mit der Sonde oder den Sonden erfolgt. Dies stellt eine sehr preiswerte Lösung dar, die auch noch nachträglich an jedem Müllfahrzeug oder auch an jedem anderen Fahrzeug zur Durchführung von Stichprobenkontrollen anbringbar ist. Eine komfortablere Lösung besteht darin, die mindestens eine Metallsonde im Bereich einer Müllbehälter-Hubvorrichtung am Müllfahrzeug oder an der Hubvorrichtung selbst anzuordnen. Auf diese Weise werden die Müllbehälter beim Aufnehmen auf das Fahrzeug automatisch nach Metall untersucht, ein manuelles Eingreifen ist nicht mehr erforderlich. Es erfolgt dadurch eine vollständige Kontrolle aller Müllbehälter, die objektiv und fehlerfrei ist und im Gegensatz zu Stichprobenkontrollen nicht zu einem Gefühl des Schikaniertwerdens bei einzelnen Müllerzeugern führt. Die mindestens eine Metallsonde kann dabei beweglich am Müllfahrzeug oder der Hubvorrichtung geführt sein, um die Außenseite des Müllbehälters mindestens teilweise abfahren zu können. Die Metallsonde kann auch mit der Antriebseinheit einer Hubvorrichtung des Müllfahrzeugs gekoppelt sein, um diese bei Detektierung eines Metallgegenstandes im Müllbehälter zu blockieren und damit ein Entleeren des Müllbehälters zu verhindern. Für die mindestens eine Metallsonde sind verschiedene Ausführungsformen denkbar. Sie kann ringförmig ausgebildet sein mit einem Durchmesser, der größer ist als der Außendurchmesser der Müllbehälter. Sie kann damit den gesamten Umfang des Müllbehälters umgreifen und über die Länge des Behälters verfahren werden, um eine Untersuchung des Behälterinhalts zu erlauben. In einer weiteren Ausführungsform ist die Metallsonde stabförmig ausgebildet, wobei die Länge des Stabes mindestens der Höhe des Müllbehälters entspricht. Auf diese Weise kann durch eine Horizontalbewegung der Sonde entlang mindestens einer Außenseite des Müllbehälters dessen Inhalt nach Metallbestandteilen abgesucht werden. Oder die Sonden sind schleifenförmig ausgeführt und parallel zu den Seiten des Müllbehälters angeordnet. Auch eine tellerförmige Ausführung der Metallsonden ist möglich. Die beschriebenen Sonden lassen sich außerdem als batteriebetriebenes Gerät für den mobilen Einsatz ausbilden oder an speziellen Kontrollfahrzeugen anordnen, um Stichprobenuntersuchungen von Müllbehältern unabhängig von deren Entleerung oder Abholung durchführen zu können. Die Untersuchung des Behälterinhalts läßt sich auch dadurch ausführen, daß die Metallsonde insbesondere an einem Müllfahrzeug fest angeordnet ist und der Behälter relativ zu ihr bewegt wird. Insbesondere bei fest an einem Fahrzeug angeordneten Metallsonden können zweckmäßigerweise Einrichtungen zur Kompensation von Einflüssen von Metallgegenständen außerhalb des Müllbehälters vorgesehen sein, um Störungen z. B. durch das Fahrzeug, das ja weitgehend selbst aus Metall besteht, zu vermeiden. Solche Kompensationseinrichtungen können beispielsweise rein passiv wirkende Abschirmvorrichtungen oder aber aktiv wirkende Kompensationsspulen sein.The garbage truck according to the invention has a device for examining garbage collected in containers for metal components. This device can have at least one metal probe and a display device. The at least one metal probe and the display device can expediently be connectable to the power supply of the refuse collection vehicle. The arrangement of the metal probe or probes on the garbage truck ensures that they are carried and can be used every time the garbage truck drives. The at least one metal probe can be designed as a removable hand-held device, the waste containers being examined manually by moving the outside of the container with the probe or probes. This is a very inexpensive solution, which can also be retrofitted to any garbage truck or any other vehicle to carry out random checks. A more convenient solution is to arrange the at least one metal probe in the area of a garbage container lifting device on the garbage truck or on the lifting device itself. In this way, the waste containers are automatically checked for metal when they are picked up on the vehicle, manual intervention is no longer necessary. This results in a complete control of all waste containers, which is objective and error-free and, in contrast to random checks, does not lead to a feeling of being harassed by individual waste producers. The at least one metal probe can be movably guided on the garbage truck or the lifting device in order to be able to at least partially move off the outside of the garbage container. The metal probe can also be coupled to the drive unit of a lifting device of the refuse vehicle in order to block it when a metal object is detected in the refuse container and thus to prevent the refuse container from being emptied. Various embodiments are conceivable for the at least one metal probe. It can be annular with a diameter that is larger than the outside diameter of the waste container. she can thus encompass the entire circumference of the waste container and be moved over the length of the container in order to allow an examination of the container contents. In a further embodiment, the metal probe is rod-shaped, the length of the rod corresponding at least to the height of the waste container. In this way, a horizontal movement of the probe along at least one outside of the refuse container allows the contents of the waste container to be searched for metal components. Or the probes are loop-shaped and arranged parallel to the sides of the waste bin. A plate-shaped design of the metal probes is also possible. The probes described can also be designed as a battery-operated device for mobile use or can be arranged on special inspection vehicles in order to be able to carry out random tests of waste containers regardless of their emptying or collection. The examination of the container contents can also be carried out by the metal probe being fixedly arranged in particular on a refuse collection vehicle and by the container being moved relative to it. In particular in the case of metal probes arranged fixedly on a vehicle, devices for compensating influences of metal objects outside the refuse container can expediently be provided in order to prevent malfunctions, for. B. by the vehicle, which is largely made of metal itself. Such compensation devices can be, for example, purely passive shielding devices or active-acting compensation coils.

Desweiteren kann an der Vorrichtung sowohl die Empfindlichkeit der Metallsonden als auch deren Selektionsverhalten hinsichtlich bestimmter Metallsorten einstellbar sein.Furthermore, both the sensitivity of the metal probes and their selection behavior with regard to certain types of metal can be adjustable on the device.

Falls die Untersuchungsergebnisse bestimmten Müllerzeugern zugeordnet werden sollen, kann die Vorrichtung eine Leseeinrichtung zur Aufnahme eines Benutzercodes an einem Müllbehälter aufweisen. Fur eine spätere Auswertung der Daten kann hierbei die Leseeinrichtung und die Metallsonde mit einer Datenverarbeitungseinrichtung mit Speicher verbunden sein. Es ist außerdem möglich, die Vorrichtung mit einer Etiketten-Spendeeinrichtung zu versehen, um die Müllbehälter mit Metallbestandteilen im Müll mit Aufklebern versehen zu können, die einen Appell zur Mülltrennung aufweisen. In weiteren Ausgestaltungen der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung kann auch die Schwere und Art der festgestellten Verunreinigung des Mülls mit Metallbestandteilen je Müllerzeuger festgehalten und bei der Festsetzung der Müllgebühren berücksichtigt werden. Bei Müllfahrzeugen mit mehreren Aufnahmekammern für verschiedene Müllsorten kann bei Detektion von Metall in einem Müllbehälter eine Weiche betätigt werden, die dafür sorgt, daß der Inhalt dieses Behälters in eine Kammer für Restmüll und nicht in die Kammer für Biomüll, an den zur Herstellung von Kompost besondere Reinheitsanforderungen gestellt werden, gelangt. Auf diese Weise können mit einer Fahrt sowohl Biomüll- als auch Restmüllbehälter geleert werden. Ein Code am Müllbehälter zeigt die Müllsorte an, und die Metallsonde meldet eventuelle Metallverunreinigungen in einem Biomüllbehälter. Ist auch ein Benutzer-Identifikationscode am Müllbehälter angeordnet, so können festgestellte Verunreinigungen bei der Festsetzung der Müllgebühren berücksichtigt werden und der Benutzer beispielsweise durch ein aufgeklebtes Etikett am Müllbehälter darüber informiert werden.If the examination results are to be assigned to certain waste producers, the device can have a reading device for receiving a user code on a waste container. For a later evaluation of the data in this case the reading device and the metal probe can be connected to a data processing device with memory. It is also possible to provide the device with a label dispensing device in order to be able to provide the waste containers with metal components in the waste with stickers which have an appeal for waste separation. In further refinements of the device according to the invention, the severity and type of contamination of the waste with metal constituents per waste generator can also be recorded and taken into account when setting the waste charges. In refuse collection vehicles with several receiving chambers for different types of waste, a switch can be operated when metal is detected in a waste container, which ensures that the content of this container is in a chamber for residual waste and not in the chamber for organic waste, to those special for the production of compost Purity requirements are met. In this way, both organic and residual waste containers can be emptied in one trip. A code on the waste bin indicates the type of waste and the metal probe reports any metal contamination in a bio waste bin. If a user identification code is also arranged on the garbage container, soiled impurities can be taken into account when setting the garbage fees and the user can be informed of this, for example, by a label attached to the garbage container.

Nachfolgend werden bevorzugte Ausführungsformen anhand der Zeichnungen näher erläutert.Preferred embodiments are explained in more detail below with reference to the drawings.

Im einzelnen zeigen:

Fig. 1
eine schematische Darstellung einer ersten Vorrichtung;
Fig. 2
eine schematische Darstellung einer zweiten Vorrichtung;
Fig. 3
ein Blockschaltbild der elektronischen Elemente einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung;
Fig. 4
eine schematische Darstellung einer Vorrichtung mit einer Abschirmeinrichtung.
In detail show:
Fig. 1
a schematic representation of a first device;
Fig. 2
a schematic representation of a second device;
Fig. 3
a block diagram of the electronic elements of a device according to the invention;
Fig. 4
a schematic representation of a device with a shielding device.

Fig. 1 zeigt ein Müllfahrzeug 10 mit einer Hubvorrichtung 11 für einen Müllbehälter 12. Am hinteren Ende des Müllfahrzeugs 10 ist eine Metallsonde 13 angeordnet. Sie ist über ein Stromkabel 14 mit der Stromversorgung des Müllfahrzeugs 10 verbunden. Die Sonde 13 kann einem nicht dargestellten Halter am Fahrzeug 10 entnommen werden, über den Müllbehälter 12 gestülpt und über dessen Länge verfahren werden, wodurch der gesamte Inhalt des Behälters 12 auf metallische Gegenstände untersucht werden kann. Die Sonde 13 weist hierzu eine ringförmige Gestalt mit einer Öffnung, deren Durchmesser größer ist als derjenige des Müllbehälters 12, auf. Dabei kann die Sonde 13 sowohl ein kontinuierliches als auch ein impulsförmiges Wirbelstromfeld erzeugen oder aber den Müllbehälter 12 mit elektromagnetischen Wellen durchstrahlen.1 shows a garbage truck 10 with a lifting device 11 for a garbage container 12. A metal probe 13 is arranged at the rear end of the garbage truck 10. It is connected to the power supply of the garbage truck 10 via a power cable 14. The probe 13 can be removed from a holder (not shown) on the vehicle 10, put over the waste container 12 and moved over its length, as a result of which the entire contents of the container 12 can be examined for metallic objects. For this purpose, the probe 13 has an annular shape with an opening whose diameter is larger than that of the refuse container 12. In this case, the probe 13 can generate both a continuous and a pulsed eddy current field, or else irradiate the waste container 12 with electromagnetic waves.

Im Gegensatz dazu ist die Metallsonde 15 in Fig. 2 stabförmig ausgebildet und nicht entnehmbar an der Hubvorrichtung 11 des Müllfahrzeugs 10 angeordnet. Das untere Ende der Sonde 15 ist dabei in einer Schiene 16 senkrecht zur Zeichenebene verschiebbar angeordnet. Nach Aufnahme des Müllbehälters 12 auf die Fußplatte 17 der Hubvorrichtung 11 wird die Metallsonde 15 horizontal entlang der Vorderseite des Müllbehälters 12 entlanggefahren und dabei der Inhalt des Behälters 12 nach Metallgegenständen durchsucht. Anstelle der stabförmigen Metallsonde 15 wäre auch eine feste Anordnung einer ringförmigen Sonde ähnlich derjenigen aus Fig. 1 an der Hubvorrichtung 11 denkbar. Der Ring der Metallsonde könnte beispielsweise parallel zur Fußplatte 17 in einer Entfernung, die größer ist als die Höhe des Müllbehälters 12, angeordnet sein und in senkrechter Richtung über den Behälter 12 verfahren werden, sobald dieser auf die Fußplatte 17 aufgenommen worden ist. Zusätzlich können an der Hubeinrichtung 11 oder am Fahrzeug 10 auch Leseeinrichtungen zur Aufnahme eines Benutzercodes oder eines am Müllbehälter 12 angebrachten Codes zur Identifizierung der im Behälter gesammelten Müllsorte angeordnet sein. Eine solche Leseeinrichtung ist im Blockschaltbild nach Fig. 3 durch die Bezugsziffer 20 gekennzeichnet. Sie kann beispielsweise aus einem Lesestift oder einer Kamera bestehen. Der von ihr aufgenommene Code wird in einer Entschlüsselungseinrichtung 21 entschlüsselt und einer Datenverarbeitungsanlage 22 zugeführt. Der Datenverarbeitungsanlage 22 wird außerdem das Signal einer Metallsonde 23 zugeleitet und mit der Information über den Benutzer der gerade untersuchten Mülltonne zusammengefügt und in einer Speichereinheit 24 abgespeichert. Die gespeicherten Daten können später bei der Erstellung einer Rechnung für die Müllgebühren ausgewertet werden. Müllerzeuger, die keine systematische Trennung von Metallabfällen und anderem Müll vorgenommen haben, werden je nach Häufigkeit von detektierten Metallabfällen entsprechend stärker zur Kasse gebeten. Die Metallsonde 23 ist zudem mit einer Anzeigeeinrichtung, hier einer Signallampe 25 verbunden, die jedesmal dann leuchtet, wenn mit der Metallsonde 23 Metallgegenstände in einem Müllbehälter entdeckt wurden. Auf diese Weise ist auch eine optische Kontrolle des Metallgehalts einzelner Mülltonnen möglich. Die Metallsonde 23 ist außerdem mit einer Antriebseinheit 26 einer Hubvorrichtung eines Müllfahrzeugs verbunden, wodurch bei Detektierung von Metallabfällen die Entleerung dieses Behälters verhindert werden kann. Bei Anordnung einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung an einem Müllfahrzeug mit mehreren Kammern kann die Metallsonde 23 auch mit einer Weiche 27 verbunden werden, so daß bei Detektieren von Metall der Inhalt des entsprechenden Behälters in die Kammer für Restmüll umgeleitet werden kann. Außerdem ist eine Etiketten-Spendeeinrichtung 28 mit der Metallsonde 23 verbunden, um Müllbehälter mit Metallbestandteilen im Inhalt entsprechend markieren zu können und ihre Benutzer damit zum Mülltrennen aufzufordern.In contrast to this, the metal probe 15 in FIG. 2 is rod-shaped and cannot be removed from the lifting device 11 of the refuse vehicle 10. The lower end of the probe 15 is arranged displaceably in a rail 16 perpendicular to the plane of the drawing. After the refuse container 12 has been received on the base plate 17 of the lifting device 11, the metal probe 15 is moved horizontally along the front of the refuse container 12 and the contents of the container 12 are searched for metal objects. Instead of the rod-shaped metal probe 15, a fixed arrangement of an annular probe similar to that from FIG. 1 on the lifting device 11 would also be conceivable. The ring of the metal probe could, for example, be arranged parallel to the base plate 17 at a distance which is greater than the height of the refuse container 12 and could be moved in a vertical direction over the container 12. as soon as this has been added to the base plate 17. In addition, reading devices for receiving a user code or a code attached to the waste container 12 for identifying the type of waste collected in the container can also be arranged on the lifting device 11 or on the vehicle 10. Such a reading device is identified in the block diagram according to FIG. 3 by the reference number 20. It can consist, for example, of a reading pen or a camera. The code recorded by it is decrypted in a decryption device 21 and fed to a data processing system 22. The data processing system 22 is also fed the signal of a metal probe 23 and combined with the information about the user of the garbage can that has just been examined and stored in a storage unit 24. The stored data can later be evaluated when creating an invoice for the garbage fees. Waste producers who have not made a systematic separation of metal waste and other waste are asked to pay more depending on the frequency of detected metal waste. The metal probe 23 is also connected to a display device, here a signal lamp 25, which lights up whenever metal objects 23 have been discovered in a waste container with the metal probe. In this way it is also possible to visually check the metal content of individual garbage cans. The metal probe 23 is also connected to a drive unit 26 of a lifting device of a refuse collection vehicle, whereby emptying of this container can be prevented when metal waste is detected. When a device according to the invention is arranged on a refuse collection vehicle with several chambers, the metal probe 23 can also be connected to a switch 27 so that the content of the corresponding container can be diverted into the chamber for residual waste when metal is detected. In addition, a label dispenser 28 is connected to the metal probe 23 in order to be able to mark garbage containers with metal components in the content accordingly and thus to prompt their users to separate the garbage.

Die Datenverarbeitungseinrichtung 22 ist mit einer Eingabeeinheit 29 verbunden, über die die Empfindlichkeit der Metallsonde 23 und ihr Selektionsverhalten bezüglich bestimmter Metallsorten vorgewählt werden kann. Die entsprechende Information wird von der Datenverarbeitungseinrichtung 22 über eine gestrichelt eingezeichnete Leitung 31 an die Metallsonde 23 weitergeleitet. Empfindlichkeit und Selektionsverhalten der Metallsonde 23 können aber auch durch Tastenwahl an der Sonde selbst oder durch eine Magnetkarte oder ein Steckmodul einstellt werden.The data processing device 22 is connected to an input unit 29, via which the sensitivity of the metal probe 23 and its selection behavior with respect to certain types of metal can be preselected. The corresponding information is forwarded by the data processing device 22 to the metal probe 23 via a line 31 shown in broken lines. Sensitivity and selection behavior of the metal probe 23 can also be set by pressing a button on the probe itself or by means of a magnetic card or a plug-in module.

Die Datenverarbeitungseinrichtung und über diese auch alle anderen Komponenten der Vorrichtung sind mit einer Stromversorgung 30 eines Müllfahrzeugs verbunden.The data processing device and, via this, also all other components of the device are connected to a power supply 30 of a refuse collection vehicle.

Fig. 4 zeigt schematisch ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel einer Vorrichtung zur Metallerkennung im Inhalt eines Müllbehälters 12 mit einem Abschirmblech 32, das seitlich abgebogen ist. Zwischen den seitlichen Schürzen 33 und 34 des Abschirmblechs 32 sind insgesamt sechs tellerförmige Metallsonden 35 so angeordnet, daß sich jeweils drei der Sonden 35 links und rechts eines Müllbehälters 12 gegenüberstehen. Der Müllbehälter 12 wird über eine Fußplatte 36 in nicht näher dargestellter Weise an den Sonden 35 vorbeibewegt, wodurch sein gesamter Inhalt auf Metall untersucht werden kann. Die Vorrichtung nach Fig. 4 kann ebenfalls an einem Müllfahrzeug im Bereich der Hubvorrichtung angeordnet werden, wobei das Abschirmblech 32 Störungen durch die Metallbestandteile des Müllfahrzeugs zuverlässig verhindert.FIG. 4 schematically shows a further exemplary embodiment of a device for metal detection in the content of a refuse container 12 with a shielding plate 32 which is bent laterally. A total of six plate-shaped metal probes 35 are arranged between the side skirts 33 and 34 of the shielding plate 32 so that three of the probes 35 face each other to the left and right of a waste container 12. The refuse container 12 is moved past the probes 35 in a manner not shown, via a base plate 36, whereby its entire contents can be examined for metal. The device according to FIG. 4 can also be arranged on a garbage truck in the area of the lifting device, the shielding plate 32 reliably preventing interference from the metal components of the garbage truck.

Claims (20)

  1. A process for checking refuse, which has been collected in a refuse container (12), for metal contents, characterized in that the refuse container (12) is screened at the refuse source prior to emptying and collection by a refuse collection vehicle (10), by means of at least one metal probe (13, 15) which is connected to the vehicle and which generates an electrical and/or acoustic and/or optical signal on detection of metal.
  2. A process according to claim 1, characterized in that, on collection of the refuse by means of a vehicle (10) with at least one lifting mechanism (11) for refuse containers (12) the respective lifting mechanism is blocked on detection of metal by the at least one probe (13, 15).
  3. A process according to claim 1, characterized in that a code attached to the refuse container for identification of the refuse source is read and the number of metal detections in a specified period of time per refuse source is stored.
  4. A refuse vehicle, characterized by a device for examining refuse which has been collected in containers (12) for metal contents.
  5. A refuse vehicle according to claim 6, characterized in that the device comprises at least one metal probe (13, 15) and an indicating device (25).
  6. A refuse vehicle according to claim 5, characterized in that the metal probe (13, 15) and the indicating device (25) are connectible to the power supply of the refuse vehicle.
  7. A refuse vehicle according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the at least one metal probe (13) is a hand tool which can be removed from the refuse vehicle (10).
  8. A refuse vehicle according to one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that the metal probe (15) is arranged on the refuse vehicle (10) in the area of a refuse-container lifting mechanism (11) or on the lifting mechanism (11) itself.
  9. A refuse vehicle according to claim 8, characterized in that the at least one metal probe (15) is movably guided on the refuse vehicle (10) or on the lifting mechanism (11).
  10. A refuse vehicle according to claim 5, 6, 8 or 9, characterized in that the at least one metal probe (15) is coupled to the drive unit of a lifting mechanism (11) of the refuse vehicle (10).
  11. A refuse vehicle according to one of claims 5 to 10, characterized in that the at least one metal probe (13) is of annual design and with a diameter which is larger than the outside diameter of the refuse container (12).
  12. A refuse vehicle according to one of claims 5 to 10, characterized in that the at least one metal probe (15) is of rodshaped design, and the length of the rod corresponds at least with the height of the refuse container (12).
  13. A refuse vehicle according to one of claims 5 to 10, characterized in that the at least one metal probe (15) is of plateshaped design.
  14. A refuse vehicle according to one of claims 5 to 13, characterized in that the at least one metal probe (13, 15) generates a pulsed or continuous eddy-current field.
  15. A refuse vehicle according to one of claims 5 to 13, characterized in that the at least one metal probe (13, 15) passes electro-magnetic waves through the refuse container (12).
  16. A refuse vehicle according to one of claims 4 to 15, characterized in that it comprises devices (32) for compensating influences of metal objects outside the refuse container (12).
  17. A refuse vehicle according to one of claims 4 to 16, characterized in that it comprises a reading unit (20) for receiving a user and/or refuse-type identification code on a refuse container (12).
  18. A refuse vehicle according to claim 17, characterized in that the reading unit (20) and the at least one metal probe (23) are connected to a data-processing unit (22) with a memory (24).
  19. A refuse vehicle according to one of claims 4 to 18, characterized in that it is connected to a label dispensing device (28).
  20. A refuse vehicle according to one of claims 5 to 19, characterized in that the sensitivity of the metal probe (23) and its selection behaviour are adjustable.
EP93907852A 1992-04-06 1993-03-30 Process and device for testing garbage for metallic elements Expired - Lifetime EP0633862B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

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DE4211545 1992-04-06
DE4211545A DE4211545C1 (en) 1992-04-06 1992-04-06
PCT/EP1993/000763 WO1993019999A1 (en) 1992-04-06 1993-03-30 Process and device for testing garbage for metallic elements

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EP0633862A1 EP0633862A1 (en) 1995-01-18
EP0633862B1 true EP0633862B1 (en) 1996-01-10

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US (1) US5610516A (en)
EP (1) EP0633862B1 (en)
JP (1) JP3232414B2 (en)
AT (1) ATE132831T1 (en)
AU (1) AU3890493A (en)
DE (2) DE4211545C1 (en)
DK (1) DK0633862T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2083284T3 (en)
WO (1) WO1993019999A1 (en)

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DE4211545C1 (en) 1993-08-05
EP0633862A1 (en) 1995-01-18
DK0633862T3 (en) 1996-05-20
DE59301419D1 (en) 1996-02-22
US5610516A (en) 1997-03-11
WO1993019999A1 (en) 1993-10-14
JPH07505352A (en) 1995-06-15
JP3232414B2 (en) 2001-11-26
ATE132831T1 (en) 1996-01-15
AU3890493A (en) 1993-11-08
ES2083284T3 (en) 1996-04-01

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