EP0633442A1 - Security annular heat exchanger for incompatible fluids - Google Patents

Abstract

Annular safety heat exchanger for incompatible fluids, characterised in that it comprises a hollow body (1) closed at one end by a wall (3, 3a), the said body containing a leaktight bottle (12, 13, 37) to which it is rigidly fixed in a leaktight manner, at least one wall (12, 37) of the bottle being fitted, on each of its sides, with dissipators (16, 17, 16a, 17a) and the said bottle forming a separating wall between a first fluid and a second fluid which respectively circulate on either side of the said walls of the bottle between an inlet channel (7) and an outlet channel (8) of the hollow body, in the case of one, and between an inlet conduit (25) and an outlet conduit (28, 49), in the case of the other. <IMAGE>

Description

The present invention relates to heat exchangers for so-called incompatible fluids. By this expression, it is necessary to include fluids which, when brought together, are liable to react dangerously, for example by ignition, or fluids which, when mixed under certain conditions, are susceptible to create toxic compounds or other disadvantages.

To allow an efficient heat exchange, it has been proposed heat exchangers comprising a tank whose one side is open and on which is clamped a collector which pinned tubes are themselves fixed, these tubes extending into the tank.

In this known embodiment, a first fluid circulates in the tank which may comprise baffles, whereas a second fluid circulates in the tubes, this second fluid being brought to one end of the tubes by a collecting box and recovered from the other end. tubes by a second manifold.

The known exchangers of the type mentioned above are satisfactory with respect to the heat exchange capacities they present but it may happen that leaks occur, in particular at the level of the tubes feet engaged in the collectors closing the tank in which circulates. the first fluid. Leaks can also be produced by piercing thin-walled tubes, generally of the order of 6 to 8 / 10ths of a millimeter.

Indeed, experience has shown that some fluids lead to waste, especially metal chips. This is the case for gear mechanism lubricants. It sometimes happens that chips remain at a fixed location in the heat exchanger circuit while being subjected to a movement causing them to produce a milling action which may lead to perforation of the wall of the circulation duct.

Current safety requirements, particularly in the aviation industry, mean that some equipment, such as heat exchangers, must be able to operate for several hundred thousand hours without any failure can occur from them.

It thus appeared that the problem described above with regard to the safety of use while ensuring a very good efficiency with regard to heat exchange led to eliminating the exchangers of the tubular bundle type.

The invention creates a new heat exchanger which takes into account the disadvantages set forth above and the realization that any communication between the different fluids is effectively eliminated, any possible leakage can occur only outward of the exchanger even if some of the walls of the circulation ducts that it comprises are subject to accidental abrasion.

According to the invention, the annular safety exchanger for incompatible fluids is characterized in that it comprises a hollow body closed at one end by a bottom, said body containing a sealed bottle to which it is rigidly fixed in a sealed manner, at least one wall of the bottle being provided, on each of its sides, with dissipators and said bottle forming a partition wall between a first and a second fluid respectively circulating on either side of said walls of the bottle between an inlet channel and an outlet channel of the hollow body for one, and between an inlet duct and an outlet duct, for the other.

According to other features of the invention, means are provided for preventing undesirable heat exchange between fluid supply and distribution ducts and circulation ducts of the same circulating fluid. against the current around said supply ducts.

It is also provided means implementing thick walls or composites for the heat exchange between the two fluids, the wall thickness being substantially greater than the wall thickness resulting from a theoretical calculation to ensure optimum heat exchange between two fluids flowing on either side of said wall. The bottle at least thus has a wall thickness of the order of one to several millimeters.

Other means are still provided according to the invention so that the walls ensuring the heat exchange between the two fluids can be realized while providing internal leakage channels leading to the outside of the exchanger.

Additionally, the invention allows the exchanger to have various shapes, in particular circular, parallelepiped or arcuate, to adapt it to any machine, for example a reactor or other similar machines.

Various other features of the invention will emerge from the detailed description which follows.

Embodiments of the subject of the invention are shown by way of non-limiting examples in the accompanying drawings.

Fig. 1 is a cutaway elevation of one embodiment of the heat exchanger object of the invention.

Fig. 2 is a partial section illustrating an advantageous embodiment of one of the members shown in FIG. 1.

Fig. 3 is a half-section on a larger scale seen substantially along the line III-III of FIG. 2.

Fig. 4 is a half section similar to FIG. 3 illustrating a variant.

Fig. 5 is a sectional elevation similar to FIG. 1 illustrating a development of the invention.

Fig. 6 is an elevation seen along the line VI-VI of FIG. 5.

Fig. 7 is a partial sectional elevation of the exchanger according to FIG. In an embodiment illustrating a development of the invention.

Fig. 8 is a section seen along the line VIII-VIII of FIG. 7.

Fig. 9 is a partial section illustrating the development of FIG. In an embodiment similar to that of FIG. 1.

Fig. 10 is a partial sectional elevation similar to FIG. 9 illustrating a further development of the invention.

Fig. 11 is a partial section similar to FIG. 9 illustrating a simplified embodiment.

Fig. 12 is a cross-section taken along the line XII-XII of FIG. 5 illustrating a particular sectional shape of the exchanger of FIGS. 1 to 11.

The exchanger illustrated in the drawing comprises a body, or casing, 1 made by molding metal, for example aluminum or alloy of this metal, inconel or by machining, either light alloy or stainless steel, titanium or other metal suitable for the intended use.

The body 1 delimits an envelope 2 of generally cylindrical shape closed at one end by a bottom 3 formed integrally with the envelope 2.

The body 1 delimits internally a cylindrical wall 4 having at its ends distributor and collector recesses 5 and 6. The recess 6 is annular while the recess 5 may extend only over a fraction of the periphery of the cylindrical wall 4.

The recesses 5 and 6 communicate respectively with an inlet channel 7 and an outlet channel 8 intended to be connected to connections leading to unrepresented supply and discharge lines.

In the embodiment shown, the body 1 is provided with a fixing flange 9 intended to be mounted on a not shown support which can be any.

The body 1 could, without departing from the scope of the invention, be an integral part of a motor housing or other similar device.

The end of the body 1 which is opposite the bottom 3 defines a bearing surface 10 for a flange 11 formed at one end of a sleeve 12 closed by a bottom 13 constituting a sealed bottle. The sleeve 12, the flange 11 and the bottom 13 are made in one piece, preferably in light alloy, produced by a machining process that the wall of the sleeve is relatively thick, always greater than the thickness calculated to withstand mechanical forces and at least of the order of 2 to 3 mm.

The machining method for producing the sheath 12, the bottom 13 and the flange 11 is chosen from those making that no crack can exist in the fluid separation wall constituted by the bottle-shaped assembly above.

The machining of a massive piece is a suitable embodiment as well as a rolling mill embodiment of the sleeve and welding the bottom. A spinning or forging process may also be used.

A seal 14, for example of toric form, is interposed between the flange 11 and the bearing surface 10 of the body 1.

As illustrated in the drawing, the respective dimensions of the sheath 12 and of the body 1 are chosen so that an interval 15 exists between the inner wall of the bottom 3 and the outer wall. the bottom 13 and between the outer wall of the sleeve 12 and the inner wall of the casing 2 of the body 1.

Dissipators 16, for example constituted by a corrugated strip, by fins, pins or other similar elements, protrude from the inner wall of the sleeve and likewise dissipators 17 protrude from the outer wall of said sleeve 12 to extend over the entire useful length of it.

When the dissipators 16 and 17 are constituted by corrugated strips, well known in the art of heat exchangers, they are connected to the sheath 12, for example by brazing. When they are constituted by fins or by fingers, they are made by machining, for example by milling in a machining center ensuring the manufacture of the fluid separation wall formed in part by the sleeve 12 and the bottom 13. It is not beyond the scope of the invention by making the sheath 12 and dissipators by casting, forging, spinning or other process.

The dissipators 17 are surrounded by a ferrule 18 which may be metallic or possibly of synthetic material and which extends over the entire effective length of said dissipators 17 while providing a free annular space with the inner wall of the flange 11, a part, and with the inner wall of the bottom 13 of the body 1, on the other hand.

A seal 19 is preferably interposed between the ferrule 18 and the cylindrical wall 4 of the casing 2, this seal being able to ensure only a relative sealing.

In a manner similar to that described above with regard to the dissipators 17, a second ferrule 20 is engaged inside the dissipators 16. The second ferrule 20 extends over the entire useful length of the dissipator 16 and is supported in a bar turning 21 of a distributor cover 22 applied against the outer wall of the flange 11 described above.

A seal 23 is interposed between the distributor cover 22 and the flange 11 and fastening and clamping means 24, for example screws or bolts, ensure the fixing of the distributor cover 22 on the flange 11 and the fastening the latter on the body 1.

The distributor cover 22 delimits an inlet duct 25, preferably coaxial with the sleeve 12 and an annular collector 26 communicating with the annular space 27 delimited between the second collar 20 and the inner wall of the sleeve 12.

The collector 26 leads to an outlet duct 28.

The exchanger described above is essentially intended to allow the heat exchange between incompatible fluids, that is to say between fluids that should in no way be brought into contact with each other as this can be the case between a fuel, for example kerosene and lubricating oil parts of an engine or a transmission when these two fluids are at very different temperatures, the oil must for example be cooled by the fuel supplied to the engine.

The first fluid for example the fuel is fed into the exchanger through the inlet conduit 25 along the arrow f₁; it is then led to pass into the space 27 delimited between the second ferrule 20 and the outer surface of the sheath 12 space containing the dissipators 16.

This first fluid is then fed to the annular collector 26 and then to the outlet duct 28.

The second fluid, for example a lubricant, is fed along the arrow f₂ to the inlet channel 7 which directs it towards the annular recess 6 constituting a distributor which distributes this fluid and carries it inside the ferrule 18 while circulating and outside the sleeve 12 along the dissipators that carries this sleeve.

The space 15 separating the bottom 13 of the sheath 12 from the bottom 3 of the body 1 collector form for this second fluid which is thus brought to the recess 5 and then to the outlet channel 8.

The above shows that no passage can exist between the circuits of the first and second fluids. If a leak existed, it could occur only between the flange 11 and the bearing surface 10 of the body 1 in the event of defect of the seal 14 but, in this case, the second fluid would be led outwards without being able to join a part of the circuit traversed by the first fluid.

Similarly, a leak in the first fluid circuit could occur only between the outside of the flange 11 and the seal 23 of the distributor cover 22. In this case, this possible leakage that would be due to a defect seal 23 could lead the first fluid outwardly without this first fluid can in any case come into the circuit of the second fluid.

In the example described, the circulation of the two fluids is carried out against the current. It would not be outside the scope of the invention to establish another mode of circulation for means customary to the art. It is possible in particular to have the partitions at the ends of some heatsinks to establish a zigzag circulation of one and / or the other of the two fluids.

The ferrule 18 may be free with respect to the casing 2 and the dissipators 16 or made integral with the casing 2 and remain free relative to the dissipators 16 or the ferrule 18 may be secured to the dissipators 16 and be free from to the casing 2. The ferrule 18 can also be removed if the length of the distributors 6 is small compared to the length of the dissipators 16, which is illustrated for the dissipators 16a in the embodiment described in the following with reference in fig. 5.

Similarly, the second ferrule 20 is provided to slide relative to the dissipators 16 or if it is secured to them to be moved relative to the bar turning 21, this also to avoid constraints that may arise from the fact of differential dilations.

In the foregoing, it is stated that the sheath 12 is thick-walled, for example of the order of 2 to 3 mm, to reduce or eliminate the risk of communication between the first and the second fluid.

To eliminate to a greater extent a risk of accidental communication, figs. 2 to 4 illustrate means constituting developments of the invention for obtaining thick walls and good conductors of heat.

According to figs. 2 and 3, the sleeve 12a of the bottle is constituted by two tubular parts 29, 30 forming between them an annular space 31. The tubular parts 29, 30 are interconnected over at least most of their length by heat-conducting parts 32, for example corrugated or otherwise shaped strips which can be brazed or otherwise joined to said tubular parts 29, 30.

Furthermore, the tubular parts are interconnected at least at their ends by rings 33, 34 soldered or welded so as to achieve an absolute seal.

Various means of the art are well known to obtain such a result, for example an electron beam weld.

The annular space 31 advantageously communicates with an air channel 35 provided in the flange 11. In this way, if one of the tubular parts 29 or 30 has a leak, the first fluid F₁ or the second fluid F₂ enters the annular chamber 31 and is evacuated through the venting channel 35, which allows immediate detection of the anomaly.

Fig. 4 shows that the heat-conducting pieces 32 can be made by fins 32a that can be molded together with one of the tubular pieces 29 or 30 to divide the annular space 31 into longitudinal channels 31a.

Fig. 5 illustrates a development of the invention for the realization of high-volume exchangers.

In this embodiment, the sheath 12 made as described with reference to FIG. 1 comprises, at its open end, a ring 36 on which is centered a sleeve 37 with a wall thick, that is to say of thickness similar to that of the sheath 12.

Annular sealing seals 38 providing an absolute seal are interposed between the ring 36 and the sleeve 37 whose free end forms a flange 39 provided with annular seals 40 which bear on a bearing surface 41 of the end. The seals 40 also provide an absolute seal.

In this embodiment, the body 1 is provided with a removable base 3a fixed, for example bolted, on the body 1 with the interposition of annular seals 42 creating an absolute seal.

The sheath 12 is provided as in the embodiment of FIG. 1 of heatsinks 16 and 17 and, similarly, the sleeve 37 is provided with heatsinks 16a, respectively 17a, extending on one and the other of its sides.

The dissipators 17, 17a bear against the inner 43 and outer 44 walls of a piece forming an annular duct 45 which extends from a dispensing chamber 46 opening in the inlet duct 25 of the body 1.

The drawing shows that seals 47 are disposed between the inner wall of the inlet duct 25 and the outer wall of the dispensing chamber 46. The seal created is not necessarily absolute.

The end 1a of the body 1 forms an outlet chamber 48 provided with an outlet nozzle 49.

At least one lumen 50 is provided between the chamber 46 and the annular duct 45 to communicate the chamber 48. with a chamber 51 communicating itself with the annular spaces separating the inner 43 and outer 44 walls of the duct 45 from the outside of the sleeve 12 and the inside of the sleeve 37.

The above shows that the walls 43, 44 fulfill the function of one or other of the ferrules 18 or 20 of the embodiment according to FIG. 1 in addition to the functions described in the following.

The part delimiting the chamber 46 and the walls 43, 44 of the annular duct 45 may be made in different ways, for example metal or composite material or plastic depending on the temperature of the fluids intended for bathing. Preferably, this part is made of a material that is not very conducive to heat, which can be obtained as described in the following with reference to FIG. 7.

The drawing shows that the annular duct 45 is open at its end opposite the chamber 46 so that the fluid, which is fed to the inlet duct 25 along the arrow f₂, is led inside the annular duct 45, out of it at its open end as shown by the arrows, then is brought to the outlet chamber 48 to counterflow following the dissipators 17 and 17a.

Given the poorly conductive nature of the walls 43 and 44, heat exchange is low between the fluid flowing between said walls and the fluid then flowing outside these walls.

To correspond to what is explained in the foregoing in relation to the operation of the exchanger of FIG. 1, it is assumed that the fluid flowing along the arrow f₂ is the second fluid, for example a lubricant to be cooled by a first fluid, for example a fuel to be fed to the combustion chambers of an engine.

The first fluid is brought into the embodiment of FIG. 5 to the input channel 7 according to the arrow f₁. This first fluid is directed, as indicated by the arrows, so that it circulates around the sleeve 37 along the dissipators 16a against the current of the first fluid flowing along the dissipators 17a.

The first fluid is thus brought to a passage 52 provided in the bottom 3a and leading to a median mouth 53 opening inside the bottle formed by the sleeve 12, that is to say inside the ferrule 20 enveloped by the dissipators 16 fixed to said sheath 12.

The first fluid is thus brought to the bottom 13 of the bottle which directs it inside the shell 20; this first fluid then circulates along the dissipators 16 against the outer wall of the sheath 12, that is to say that the first fluid then circulates against the current relative to the second fluid flowing along the arrow f₂ along the dissipators 17 which are carried by the outer wall of the sheath 12.

The first fluid is finally fed into a manifold 54 (Figures 5 and 6) delimited by the removable bottom 3a and is thus directed to the outlet channel 8 of the body 1.

As is apparent from the above, the first fluid always flows outside the sleeve 37 and inside the sleeve 12 so that an absolute seal is only necessary between these two parts, that is to say at the annular seals 38 and also between the sleeve 37 and the bearing 41 of the end of the body, which is provided by the annular seals 40.

The second fluid on its side circulates only inside the sleeve 37 and outside the sleeve 12. The risks of communication are thus extremely reduced since due to possible porosity of the sleeve 37 or sleeve 12, or accidental perforation that may be due to the presence of a foreign object.

It is described in the following how this risk can be eliminated itself.

To further perfect the seal between the sleeve 37 and the sheath 12, it is advantageous to join the ring 36 to the end of the sleeve 37 by a weld 55 (FIG 9), the correct execution of which can easily be verified by methods known in the art.

In this case, it is also advantageous as illustrated in FIG. 9, that the flange 39a of the sleeve 37 is clamped between complementary flanges 56 of the body 1 and 57 of the end 1a of this body, that is to say using, for the maintenance of the sleeve 37, the same means that illustrated in FIG. 1 for holding the sleeve 12.

Also as in fig. 1, seals 14 and 23 are provided and applied against the flange 39a. According to this embodiment, the only possibility of leakage of the fluid F₁ would be established between the flange 39a and the flange 56, that is to say towards the outside of the body 1 of the exchanger and likewise the only possibility of leakage F₂ fluid would be established between the flange 39a and the flange 57, that is to say also to the outside of the exchanger.

It is indicated in the foregoing that it is advantageous to reduce as much as possible the heat exchange between the annular duct 45 and the dissipators 17 and 17a respectively connected to the sleeve 12 and to the inner wall of the sleeve 37.

Figs. 7 and 8 illustrate an embodiment for reducing this heat exchange to a very low value. In this case, the part delimiting the annular walls 44 and 45 is constituted so that said walls are respectively formed by two concentric tubes 44a, 44b and 45a, 45b held apart by spacers 58.

At least one of the tubes 44a-45b has one or more openings 59 so that fluid F₂, circulating inside the annular duct 45 or outside this duct, fills the space separating the concentric tubes 44a. , 44b, on the one hand, and 45a, 45b, on the other hand.

The openings 59 are small so that the circulation of the fluid contained between said concentric tubes is reduced or even zero; in this way, it is the fluid itself that forms heat shield by limiting the conduction.

Figs. 7 and 8 also show an embodiment allowing a vent on the outside of the exchanger of one and / or the other fluid F₁, F₂ when the sleeve 37 is mounted as described with reference to FIG. 5, that is to say when it is supported on the ring 36 of the sheath 12 via the seals 38 and that it bears also on the bearing 41 via the seals 40.

For this, the sleeve 37 which is relatively thick for the same reason that the sleeve 12 further has a bar longitudinal 60 pierced with a channel 61 communicating with conduits 62, 63 opening respectively between the seals 40, on the one hand, and between the seals 38, on the other hand.

The duct is disposed facing a discharge channel 64 provided in the end 1a of the body 1, in this way a fluid leak F₁ would occur in the event of failure of one of the seals 38 and this fluid would be driven by the ducts 63, 62 to the channel 64. Likewise, a fluid leak F₂ would be due to imperfection of the other seal 38 or one of the seals 40 and, in this case, also this fluid would be brought to the duct. evacuation 64.

Fig. 10 illustrates a development of the invention whereby the risk of leakage by porosity or by the milling action that can be exerted by impurities is eliminated.

As illustrated in the drawing, the sheath 12, as well as the sleeve 37, are made to have two walls 12a, 12b, respectively 37a, 37b delimiting annular chambers 65, 66 in which are disposed thermal transmission elements 67 , 68. Such elements may be constituted by fins, by wound strips, by bands cut in the manner of disrupters or by other elements ensuring a good thermal transmission. The transmission elements 67, 68 are preferably brazed or form an integral part of one of the walls constituting the sheath 12 or the sleeve 37.

The annular chambers 64, 65 are furthermore interconnected by a duct 63 as described with reference to FIG. 7 and a duct 64 is provided in the flange 39a to communicate with the chamber 66 of the sleeve 37 or with the chamber 65 of the sleeve 37 in the case of the embodiment of FIG. 1 which does not include the sleeve 37.

The foregoing shows that the operation in terms of heat exchange is not modified with respect to the embodiments described with reference to FIGS. 1, 5 and 9 and that in addition, in the event of damage to one of the walls 12a, 12b, respectively 37a, 37b, one or other of the fluids F₁ or F₂ is necessarily led to the outside the exchanger, thus avoiding any risk of contacting the two fluids.

Fig. 11 illustrates a simplified variant of the embodiments according to FIGS. 5 or 9. The same reference numerals designate the same organs as those described in the other embodiments.

The body 1 is made to be connected with a possibly relative sealing directly to one end of the shell 20 surrounded by the dissipators 16.

A single tube 43a replaces the tubes 43, 44 of FIGS. 5 and 9 and this tube 43a is connected by the seal 47, whose sealing may be relative, to the mouth 25 of the end 1a of the body 1.

The tube 435 forms a partition wall between the dissipators 17 and 17a of the outer face of the sleeve 12 and the inner face of the sleeve 37 by defining a double circuit between said sleeve and said sleeve. One of the fluids can be circulated from the mouth 25 following arrows F₂ shown in solid line to be led to the outlet duct 49, or the same fluid can be circulated from the outlet duct 49 following the arrows illustrated in dotted lines that is to say in the opposite direction. Furthermore the other fluid can also flow in one direction or the other following arrows F₁. It is thus possible to organize circulations in the same direction, against the current or with crossed flows.

In the foregoing, it has been considered that the casing 1, the sleeve 37, the part delimiting the annular duct 45, the sheath 12, the ferrule 20 and the organs described, which are associated with them, have, in section, a annular form. Fig. 12 illustrates that other forms in section can be made while implementing all the features described in the foregoing.

In this respect, FIG. 12 illustrates that the exchanger, in its embodiment illustrated in FIG. 5, may be shaped in the shape of an arc to make it possible to adapt to a carrier member of generally cylindrical shape as is the case of the reactor walls.

In fig. 12, as in the previous figures, the same reference numerals denote the same organs as those described in detail in the foregoing.

It is obvious that other shapes in section can be made in the same way the exchanger may for example have a rectangular section more or less flattened.

In the foregoing, it has been explained that an absolute seal should be obtained at different locations of the circuits. For the other circuit parts, for example between the belt 35 and the chamber 52 or at the joint 47, only a relative sealing is essential. This relative sealing can be achieved by any means, for example, by seals, by a close fit, by interposition of an impregnating product or any other means generally known in the art.

Claims (20)

Annular safety exchanger for incompatible fluids, characterized in that it comprises a hollow body (1) closed at one end by a bottom (3, 3a), said body containing a sealed bottle (12, 13, 37) to which it is fixed rigidly in a sealed manner, at least one wall (12, 37) of the bottle being provided on each of its sides with dissipators (16, 17, 16a, 17a) and said bottle forming a separation wall between a first and a second fluid flows respectively on either side of said walls of the bottle between an inlet channel (7) and an outlet channel (8) of the hollow body, for one, and between an inlet duct ( 25) and an outlet duct (28, 49) for the other. Exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that a wall of the bottle is constituted by a sleeve (12) closed by a bottom (13), said wall internally support dissipators (16) themselves surround a shell (20) guiding one of the fluids distributed in said dissipators (16) by the bottom (13). Exchanger according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the sleeve (12), forming a wall of the bottle, is externally provided with dissipators (17) surrounded by a ferrule or wall (18, 43, 43a) for guiding the second fluid between said wall (43, 43a) and this sleeve (12). Exchanger according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the bottle forms a flange (11, 39) at its end opposite to that closed by the bottom (13) and in that said flange (11, 39) is sealed to the body (1). Exchanger according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the flange (11) is connected to at least one seal (14, 23, 40) providing an absolute seal and is clamped between the body (1) and an end cover (1a, 22). Exchanger according to one of claims 1 to 4 characterized in that the bottle is provided with a flange (39) fixed against a bearing surface (41) of the end (1a) of the body (1). Exchanger according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the sleeve (12) of the bottle and its bottom (13) are made in one piece of good heat conducting material whose wall thickness is greater to the thickness calculated to withstand mechanical forces and of the order of at least one to two millimeters. Exchanger according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the wall defined by the sleeve (12) of the bottle is surrounded by a wall constituted by a sleeve (37) of thickness similar to that of the sleeve (12) and provided on its inner surfaces with dissipators (17a, respectively 16a), the dissipators (17a) of the inner face of the sleeve (37) being separated from the dissipators (17) of the outer face of the sleeve (12) by a piece ( 43a) forming a partition between the dissipators (17) carried by the outer face of the sleeve (12) and the dissipators (17e) carried by the inner face of the sleeve (37), said piece (43a) being annular and connected to the inlet (25) of the end (1a) of the body (1) to delimit a double circuit connected, on the one hand, to the inlet mouth (25) and, on the other hand, to an outlet pipe of the end (1a) of the body (1) which delimits with the outer face of the sleeve (37) and the inner face of the casing (12) of the bottle u n second circuit extend between an inlet channel (7) of said body (1) and a median mouth (53) of the same body (1). Exchanger according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the wall defined by the sleeve (12) of the bottle is surrounded by a wall constituted by a sleeve (37) of thickness similar to that of the sleeve (12) and provided on its internal faces, dissipators (17a, respectively 16a), the dissipators (17a) of the inner face of the sleeve (37) being separated from the dissipators (17) of the outer face of the sleeve (12) by a piece to double wall (43, 44) delimiting an annular conduit (45) for supplying a fluid from a chamber (46) delimited by said part and communicating with an inlet duct (25) of the tubular delimiting body an outlet duct (28, 48, 49) for the directed fluid, through the annular duct (45) of said workpiece, in the dissipators (17 and 17a) of which the outer wall of the sheath (12) and the wall are respectively provided internal of the sleeve (37). Exchanger according to one of claims 1 to 9 characterized in that the outer wall of the sleeve (37) is provided with dissipators (16, 16a) conduct a fluid from an inlet channel (7) of the body (1) to at an interval or passage (15, 52) of the bottom (3, 3a) of the body (1) from which said fluid is led to an outlet channel (8) of said body (1). Exchanger according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the passage (52) of the bottom (3a) of the body (1) directs the fluid from the inlet channel (7) inwards of dissipators (16). ) of the inner wall of the sleeve (12), said fluid being led by a shell (20) bordering said dissipators to a manifold (54) delimited by the bottom (3a) of the body (1) and leading to the outlet channel (8) ) of this body. Exchanger according to one of Claims 1 to 11, characterized in that at least the sleeve (37) has leakage conduits (61, 62, 63, 65, 66) leading to an exhaust channel (64) provided in the body (1) leading to the outside. Exchanger according to one of Claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the sleeve (37) is mounted on a ring (36) of the sheath (12) with interposition of seal (38) and in that the leakage duct (63) opens between two seals (38) isolating said leakage duct (63), respectively from one and the other fluid. Exchanger according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the leakage channel (61) is pierced in a longitudinal bar (60) that has the sleeve (37). Exchanger according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that both the sleeve (12) and the sleeve (37) of the bottle have annular chambers (65, 66) connected to one another by a conduit (63), said chambers being connected to the discharge channel (64) provided in the flange (39a) by which the bottle is joined to the body (1). Exchanger according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the annular chambers (65, 66) of the sleeve (12) and the sleeve (37) contain heat transfer elements (67, 68). Exchanger according to one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that the part (43, 44, 43a) forming a partition and distributing one of the fluids in the dissipators of the sleeve (37) and the sleeve (12) is double wall (44a, 44b, 45a, 45b) and has at least one lumen (59) for the admission of a heat shield fluid between the circulating fluid and the outside of this piece. Heat exchanger according to one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that the sleeve (12) of the bottle has, at its opposite end bottom (13), a ring (36) on which is welded the sleeve (37) of which the free end forms the flange (39a) sealingly attached to the body (1). Exchanger according to one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that the inner wall of the body (1) and the elements it contains are indifferently circular section, polygonal or arcuate. Annular safety exchanger for incompatible fluids substantially as described and shown in the accompanying drawings.

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