CA2119408A1 - Safety annular heat exchanger for incompatible fluids - Google Patents
Safety annular heat exchanger for incompatible fluidsInfo
- Publication number
- CA2119408A1 CA2119408A1 CA002119408A CA2119408A CA2119408A1 CA 2119408 A1 CA2119408 A1 CA 2119408A1 CA 002119408 A CA002119408 A CA 002119408A CA 2119408 A CA2119408 A CA 2119408A CA 2119408 A1 CA2119408 A1 CA 2119408A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- sheath
- heat
- wall
- heat exchanger
- set forth
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
- F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
- F28F1/105—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being corrugated elements extending around the tubular elements
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
- F28D7/10—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged one within the other, e.g. concentrically
- F28D7/12—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged one within the other, e.g. concentrically the surrounding tube being closed at one end, e.g. return type
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
The heat exchanger comprises a hollow body having one end closed by a bottom, and a sealed bottle within this body.
with this sealed bottle being rigidly and sealingly connected to the hollow body. The bottle has at least one wall with two sides, with beat dissipators being provided on each of these two sides. The bottle forms a separation wall between a first and a second fluid respectively circulating on either side of the wall of the bottle between an input channel and an out-put channel of the hollow body for one fluid and between an input duct and an output duct for the other fluid.
The heat exchanger comprises a hollow body having one end closed by a bottom, and a sealed bottle within this body.
with this sealed bottle being rigidly and sealingly connected to the hollow body. The bottle has at least one wall with two sides, with beat dissipators being provided on each of these two sides. The bottle forms a separation wall between a first and a second fluid respectively circulating on either side of the wall of the bottle between an input channel and an out-put channel of the hollow body for one fluid and between an input duct and an output duct for the other fluid.
Description
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A SAFETY ANNULAR HEAT EXCHANGER FOR INCOMPATIBLE FLUIDS
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
. 5 The present invention relates to those heat exchangers for so called incompatible fluids. By the phrase "incompatible fluids", it should be understood ~.
such types of fluids that, when put together, are able to react in a dangerous manner, for example by self ignition, or stlll such types of fluids that, when mixed in certain conditions, are able to generate toxic compounds, or compounds having any other drawbacks.
.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
~or having an effective heat exchange, the prior art has tought heat exchangers comprising a vat having an open side on which is fastened a header tank with hair pin shaped tubes secured thereto, those tubes extending within the vat. -In the above known embodiment, a first fluid , circulates in the vat, which vat is possibly provided with baffles, while a second fluid circulatès in the tubes, which second fluid is brought at one end of the tubes by a first collector box and collected from the second end of the tubes by a second header tank.
The known heat exchangers of the above mentioned type are satisfactory regarding the heat exchange ;
capacity they have. But it may happen that leaks will i occur, in particular at the feet of the tubes engaged in the header tanks closing the vat in which circulates the first fluid. Leaks may also be provided through .
perforations of the thill walled tubes llaving walls generally of about 6-8 tenths of a millimeter.
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Actually, experiments have shown that fluids ~:
circulating in heat exchangers can carry waste products, and particularly metal chips. This is for example the case for lubricants of gear mechanisms. It thus happens -:~
sometimes that such metal chips will remain at a fixed .
place in the circuit of the heat exchanger while being submitted to a movement making that these metal chips ~' produce a milling action which may cause a perforation :.
of the wall of the circulation duct.
Present safety requirements in particular in the aeronautical industry, make that some components, such as are the heat exchangers, must be able to work during many hundreds of thousands of hours without any failure .
occurring because of these heat exchangers.
It has thus been found that the hereabove mentioned problems concerning the safety of use while ,~
ensuring a very good effectiveness with respect to the ~
heat exchange lead to avoid to use heat exchangers of ~ ::
the tubular core type.
. ~
PURPOSE AND SUMMARY 0~ THE INVENTION ~ :
The invention provides a new heat exchanger which takes into account the hereabove mentioned drawbacks, ;~;.
and has such a construction that any communication ~ .
between different fluids is effectively eliminated, possible leak being produced only toward the outside of - the heat exchanger even if some of the walls of the circulation ducts that it comprises are submitted to an accidental abrasion. i According to the invention, the safety annular heat exchanger for incompatihle fl~llds comprises a hollow body having one end closed by a bottom, a sealed bottle within this body, with this sealed bottle being rigidly and sealingly fixed to the hollow body, the ,~''', "
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bottle having at least one wall with two sides, heat dlssipators belng provided on each of these two sides, ~:~i and thls bottle forming a separation wall between a first and a second fluid respectively circulating on either side of the at least one wall of the bottle ¦ between an input channel and an output channel of the hollow body for one of the fluids and between an input ¦ duct and an outpu-t duct for an other one of the fluids.
I According to other features of the invention, means are provided for avoiding that a troublesome heat 3 exchange can be produced between the admission and delivery ducts for one fluid and the circulation ducts of thls one fluid circulating according to a j counter-flow direction around the admission ducts.
There is also provided means carrying into effect thick or composite walls for the heat exchange between the two fluids, the wall thickness of these walls being substantially greater than a corresponding wall thickness coming from a theoretical computation for ensuring an optimum heat exchange between two fluids circulating on either side of said walls. The bottle at least has thus a wall thickness between about one i millimeter and a plurality of millimeters.
Further means are also provided according to the -invention so that it is possible to make the walls ensuring the heat exchange between the two fluids while ~f providing inner leak channels leading to outside of the heat exchanger.
Furthermore, the invention provides that the heat exchanger can have various shapes. in particular a circular shape, a paralleleliped shape or an arcuate -~
shape, in order to adapt the heat e~changer to any suitable machine, for example a jet englne in ~ ;
aeronautics or other similar machines.
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BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Embodiments of the invention are shown, as non limitative examples, in the accompaning drawings, wherein :
Fig. 1 is an elevation cross-sectlon of an ;~
embodiment of the heat exchanger according to the invention.
~3 Fig. 2 is a partial cross-section illustrating an advantageous embodiment of one of the elements shown in 15 Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is an enlarged half cross-section taken ~ ' substantially along line III-III of Fig. 2. -`~
Fig. 4 is a half cross-section similar to Fig. 3 illustrating a variant of embodiment. ~`
Fig. 5 is an elevation cross section similar to Fig. 1 illustrating a development of the invention. ;
Fig. 6 is an elevation wiew according to line VI-VI of Fig. 5.
Fig. 7 is a partial elevation cross-section of the heat exchanger of Fig. 5 in an embodiment ~ ~
illustrating a development of the invention. ~ ' Fig. 8 is a cross-section taken along line -VIII-VIII of Fig. 7. -;~
Fig. 9 is a partial cross-section illustrating ~ ~`
the development of Fig 5 in an embodiment similar to ~ ` ~.
that of Fig. 1. `~
Fig. 10 is a part-lal elevation cross-section `
similar to Fig. 9 illustrating a further development of the invention.
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Flg. 11 ls a partlal cross-sectlon slmllar to Flg. 9 illustrating a slmplified embodiment. :
Fig. 12 ls a cross-section taken along llne XII-XII of Flg. 5 lllustratlng, ln cross-sectlon, a partlcular embodiment of the heat exchanger of Flgs. 1-11.
DESCRIPlION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
..
I 10 The heat exchanger shown ln the drawings j comprlses a body 1 made by moulding of a metal, for -~
¦ example aluminum or aluminum alloy, "Inconel", or still by machining of metal, either a light alloy, or a stainless steel, titanium or any other suitable metal for the use considered.
The body 1 forms an envelope 2 of a general cylinder shape, and which is closed at one end by a bottom 3 formed in one piece with the envelope 2. `
The body 1 delimits an inner cylindrical wall 4 having ends provided with distributing and collecting ~
recesses 5 and 6. The recess 6 has an annular shape - .
while the recess 5 can extend only on a part of the periphery of the cylindrical wall 4.
The recesses 5 and 6 communicate with an input `~
channel 7 and an output channel 8, respectively, designed to be connected to connection members leading ~ ``
to admission and discharge ducts (not shown).
In the embodiment shown in the drawings, the body 1 is provided with a fixation flange 9 designed to be mounted on any suitable support (not shown).
The body 1 could, without departing from the scope of the invention~ be an integral part of a carter of a motor or an other similar device.
The end of the body 1 which is opposed to the bottom 3 forms a bearing surface 10 for a flange 11 ~ - ", .' 6 2:1~9~8 .`t ~ , .
;~ formed at one end of a sheath 12 closed by a bottom 13 -~ so to make a sealed bottle. The sheath 12, the flange 11 and the bottom 13 are made as a slngle uni-t, preferably of a light alloy, manufactured by a machining method 5 . making that the wall of the sheath is relatively thick , and always greater than the thickness which is computed .
; for resisting to mechanical efforts, and the thickness . of the wall of the sheath is at least about 1 to 3 mm.
The machining method for manufacturing the sheath 12, bottom 13 and flange 11 is choosen among the methods making that no creek is formed in the fluid separation wall that forms the whole unit in the shape of a bottle as above explained.
A machining of a solid part constitutes a ,~
suitable embodiment, as well as an embodiment comprising rolling of the sheath 12 and soldering of the bottom 13. ~ ;
An embosslng or forging method can also be used.
~. A gasket 14, for example a o-ring is installed ~ .
? between the flange 11 and the bearing surface 10 of the body 1. ` :
As Rhown in the drawings, the respective sizes of ~;:
the sheath 12 and body 1 are choosen so that a space 15 `~
will exist between the lnner wall of the bottom 3 and -the outer wall of the bottom 13, and also between the `, -;~
outer wall of the sheath 12 and the inner wall of the envelope 2 of the body 1.
Heat dissipators 16, formed for example by cor- ,:
rugated sheet, a plurality of fins or points, or other similar members, are protruding from the inner wall of , 30 ~ the sheath 12 and, samely. hea-t dissipators 17 are r protruding from the outer wall of the sheath 12 to - , ;
extend on all the useful length thereof.
When the heat dissipators l6 and 17 are made by means of corrugated strips, well known in the heat -exchanger art, they are connected to the sheath 12, for , "~
.,, 7 211~408 example by brazing. When the heat dissipators 16 and 17 are formed by fins, or points, they are manufactured by a machining method, for example by milling in a machining center providing a fluid separation wall partly made of the sheath 12 and the bottom 13. One will not depart from the scope of the invention by maklng the sheath 12 and the heat disslpators 16 and 17 by means of a casting method, a forging method, a spinning method, or by an other suitable method.
The heat dissipato:rs 17 are surrounded by a sleeve 18 which can be made of metal or, possibly, -~
synthetic material, which sleeve 18 is extending on all the useful length of said heat dissipators 17 while providing an annular free space with the inner wall of the flange 11 and with the inner wall of the bottom 13 ;~
of the body 1, respectively. `: ~-A sealing gasket 19 is preferably installed between the sleeve 18 and the cylinder wall 4 of the envelope 2, which sealing gasket 19 is possibly provided so to ensure only a relative tightness. ;~
In a similar manner to what has been described in the above disclosure with respect to the heat dissipator 17, a second sleeve 20 is engaged within the heat `
dissipator 16. ~.
The second sleeve 20 extends on all the useful length of the heat dissipator 16, and is supported in a neck 21 of a distributing cover 22 applied on the outer ~ ;
wall of the flange 11.
A sealing gasket 23 is installed between the ! 30 distr,ibuting cover 22 and the flange 11. Fixing and holding means 24, for e~ample screws or bolts, are provided for securing the cli.ctributln cover 22 on the ~i~
flange 11 and for securillg tl~e flange ll on the body l.
The distributing cover 22 forms an inlet duct 25, . .~ . .
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arranged preferably coaxlal to the sheath 12, and an annular manlfold 26 communlcatlng wlth the annular space 27 formed between the second sleeve 20 and the lnner . wall of the sheath 12.
The manifold 26 conducts to an output duct 28.
The above described heat exchanger is prlnclpally -~
designed for enabling heat exchange between incompatible flulds, whlch means fluids that should in no case be put :
ln contact together, as this can be the case between a , fuel product, for example kerosene, and the lubrication oil of members of an englne or of a transmission when ~' these two fluids are at very different temperatures, the -~;
lubrication oil having for example to be cooled-down by :
the fuel supplied to the engine.
3 15 The first fluid, for example the fuel, is :
supplied into the heat exchanger through the inlet duct 25 according to arrow Fl. The first fluid passes then ln the space 27 formed between the second sleeve 20 and ~.
the outer surface of the sheath 12, which space 27 -~`.
contains the heat dissipator 16. r ~,^
This first fluid is then supplied to the annular -manifold 26 and then to the outlet duct 28. 1 The second fluid, for example a lubricant oil, is supplied according to arrow F2 to the inlet channel 7 : ~
that directs the second fluid to the annular recess 6 i ~`
which forms a distributor that distributes and conducts : this fluid within the sleeve 18, thereby flowing outside of the sheath 12 along the heat dissipators 16 and 17 ~ j:
carried by the sheath 12. ::`-The space 15 separating the bottom 13 of the sheath 12 from the bottom 3 of -the body 1 forms a manifold for the second fluid. that is thus supplied -to ~:
the recess 5 and then into the outlet channel 8.
The preceding disclosure shows that no passage ~.
whatsoever can exist between the circuit of the first '' ,~ .
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fluid and that of the second fluid. If a leak would occur, the leak could only be produced between the flange 11 and the bearing surface 10 of the body 1, in case the gasket 14 is defective. But, in this case, the `~.
5 . second fluid would be conducted to the outside without ~,-possibly rejoining a part of the circuit of the first ~
fluid. ~;
3 In a like manner, a leak in the circuit of the first fluid could only be produced between the outside of the flange 11 and the gasket 23 of the distributing cover 22. In this case, such a possible leak which would be caused by a defect in the gasket 23 could conduct the `~
first fluid only to the outside without this first fluid ~
being able in any case to come into the circuit of the ,.
second fluid.
In the above described example, the two fluids are circulating in a counter-flow direction. But one will not depart from the scope of the invention by using ~
another way of circulation between the two fluids for ~`
means usual in the art. It is in particular possible to .
. arrange partition walls at ends of some of the heat dissipators for establishing a zigzag flow of one and/or ;.`
the other of the two fluids. ~ ;~
The sleeve 18 can be freely mounted relative to ~
the envelope 2 and heat dissipators 16, or the sleeve 18 ;
can be fixedly mounted with the envelope 2 while "~
remaining free with respect to the heat dissipators 16, ~ `~
or still the sleeve 18 can be fixedly mounted with the . ~`
-is~! heat dissipators 16 while being free with respect to the envelope 2. It is also possible not to use the~sleeve 18 :~`
i~ if the length of the distributing recess 6 is small relative to the len,th of the heat flissipators 16, which is illustrated for the heat dissipato1-s shown at 16a in the embodiment to be described later on in reference ~ ~
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,, , Samely, the second sleeve 20 is provlded to be -slidable with respect to the heat dissipators 16 or, if the sleeve 20 is fixedly moun-ted with the heat dissipators 16, the second sleeve 20 is provlded to be movable with respect to the neck 21, thereby also avoiding stresses which could occur because of differential heat dilatations. `-In the above disclosure, it has been mentioned that the sheath 12 has a thick wall, for example of about 1 to 3 mm in order to reduce, or even eliminate, -~
I any risks of communication between the circuit of the first fluid and that of the second fluids. ~"~
~or still more eliminatlng a risk of accidental communication between the two circuits, Figs. 2 to 4 illustrate means forming some developments of the invention for obtaining thick walls with good heat conductivity.
According to Figs. 2 and 3, the sheath 12a of the bottle is formed by two tubular members 29, 30 provlding therebetween an annular space 31. The tubular members ~ `
29, 30 are connected together on a greater part at least of their length by heat conducting members 32, for example strips, which are corrugated or have an other suitable shape, and which can be brazed or connected by any other suitable means to those tubular members 29, 30.
On an other hand, the tubular members 29, 30 are connected together at least at their ends by means of rings 33, 34, which are brazed or soldered in order to provide an absolute tlghtness.
Various means are kno~n in the art for obtaining such an absolute tightness. and it is for example possible to use an electron heam soldering.
The annular space 31 advantageously communicates with a vent channel 35 provided in the flange 11. In this manner, in case one of the tubular members 29 or 30 - ~ 1 1 2 1 ~
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has a leak, the flrst fluid fl or the second fluid f2 will enter the annular space 31 and will be evacuated by the vent channel 35, which makes possible ~ to immediately detect the anomaly.
r 5 Fig. 4 shows that the heat conducting members 32 -;
~ can be made by fins 32a possibly formed by moulding .;, together with one of the tubular members 29 or 30, so to } divide the annular space 31 in longitudinal channels 31a.
~ Fig. 5 illustrates a development of the invention ,( 10 permitting to manufacture heat exchangers having a great output delivery.
: In the embodiment of Fig. 5, the sheath 12 made . as above described in relation with Fig. 1 comprises an open end provided with a ring 36 in which a socket 37 is centered, the socket 37 having thick walls, i.e. walls ~ of a thickness similar to that of the sheath 12.
`~ O-ring sealing gaskets 38 providing an absolute .
thightness are installed between the ring 36 and the .
socket 37, the free end of which socket 37 forms a flange 39 provided with o-ring sealing gaskets 40 which are supported on a bearing surface 41 of the end la of the body 1. The gaskets 40 provide also an absolute tightness.
. In this embodiment, the body 1 is provided with a ~ .
removable bottom 3a that is fixed, for example bolted, on the body 1, with an interposition of o-ring gaskets ~
; ~ 42 providing an absolute tightness. ~-, ~ The sleeve 12 is provided, as in the embodiment .
. ~ of Fig. 1, with heat dissipators 16 and 17 and, in a similar manner, the socket 37 is provided with heat ~- -dissipators 16a and 17a. respectively, extending on both of its sides. ` ;~ ~;
The heat dissipators 17 and 17a are supported on the inner wall 43 and outer wall 44 of a member forming .~.,.
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an annular duct 45 extending from a distributing chamber 46 opening in the inlet duct 25 of the body 1. ~.;
The drawings show that sealing gaskets 47 are installed between the inner wall of the inlet duct 25 5 - and the outer wall of the distributing chamber 46. The tightness which is thereby provided is not necessarily `~
an absolute tightness.
The end la of the body 1 forms an outlet chamber ~ ' 48 provided with an outlet nozzle 49.
At least one aperture 50 is provided between the .
chamber 46 and the annular duct 45 for communicating the chamber 48 with a chamber 51, the chamber 51 then -communicating with the annular spaces separating the r inner wall 43 and outer wall 44 of the duct 45 from the outside of the sheath 12 and the inside of the socket 37.
The above disclosure shows that the walls 43, 44 fulfill the functlon of either one of the sleeves 18 or 20 of the embodiment according to Fig. 1, in addition to functions to be described later.
The member that forms the chamber 46 and the walls 43, 44 of the annular duct 45 can be made of various materials, for example this member can be made of metal or of composite or plastic material, according to temperature of the fluids designed to bathe this -~
member. Preferably, the above member is made of a material having a low heat conductivity, which can be obtained as described later-on with reference to Fig. 7.
The drawings show that the annular duct 45 is open at its end opposite the chamber 46 so that the fluid, which is supplied -to the inlet duct 25 according to arrow F2, is then suppliod inside the annular duct 45 and goes out therefrom at lts o~en end as shown by the arrows, and is conducted to the outlet chamber 48 in a counte:r-flow direction by following the heat dissipators 17 and 17a.
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~ 13 2~9~8 -¦ Because of the low conducting nature of the walls 43 and 44, the heat exchange is small between the fluld circulating between the walls 43 and 44 and the fluid circulating outside the walls 43 and 44.
To correspond to what has been discussed above -~
relatively to the working of the heat exchanger of Fig.
1, it is assumed that the fluid circulating according to the arrow F2 is the second fluid, for example a lubricant, having to be cooled down by a first fluid, for example a fuel having to be supplied to the combustion chamber of an engine.
In the embodiment of Fig. 5, the first fluid is supplied to the input channel 7 according to the arrow '~
Fl. This first fluid is directed, as shown by the ~ ;
arrows so .hat the first fluid will circulate around the ,~;
socket 37 along the heat dissipators 16a in a ~ i counter-flow direction to the first fluid circulating along the heat dissipators 17a.
The first fluid is therefore supplied to a passage 52 in the bottom 3a and leading to a median mouth 53 opening inside the bottle that is formed by the 1~
sheath 12, which means : inside the sleeve 20 surrounded ~ ~-by the heat dissipators 16 secured to the sheath 12. `.`~
Thus, the first fluid is supplied into the bottom -13 of the bottle and directed therefrom to the inside of the sleeve 20. This first fluid circulates then along ~-the heat dissipators 16 on the outer wall of the sheath 12, which means that the first fluid then circulates in ~`~
a counter-flow directlon to the second fluid that circulates according to the arrow F2 along the heat dissipators 17 which are carried by the outer wall of the sheath 12.
The first fluid is finally supplied into a '~
manifold 54 (Figs. 5 and 6) defined by the removable ,~
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, :s bottom 3a, and is thus dlrected to the outlet channel 8 of the body 1.
As this is clear from the above disclosure, the first fluid always circulates outside of the socket 37 and inside of the sheath 12 so that an absolute tightness is only necessary between these two parts, i.e. at the annular gaskets 38 and also between the socket 37 and the bearing surface 41 of the end la of -the body, which is provided by the o-ring sealing 10 gaskets 40.
The second fluld, for its part, circulates only inside the socket 37 and outside the sheath 12. The risks of communication are thus extremely reduced since ~'3` they are caused, either by a possible porosity of the s 15 socket 37 or of the sheath 12, or by an accidental perforation which could be caused by the presence of ~;~
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- waste products as for example metal chips. ~
There is hereinafter described how, according to ~:
, the invention, it is now possible to get rid of this 20 risk.
, In order to still increase tightness between the ~; socket 37 and the sheath 12, it is advantageous to ~oin the ring 36 to one end to the socket 37 by a weld 55 (Fig. 9), the good carrying out of which weld can easily 25 be checked by means known in the art.
In this case, it is also advantageous as shown in ~,~ Fig. 9, that the flange 39a of the socket 37 is tightened between complementary flanges 56 and 57, respectively of the body 1 and of the end la of the body 30 1. There is then used, for maintaining the soclcet 37, .
'` the same means as that shown in Fig. 1 for maintainlng -the sheath 12.
Also as in Fig l. sealing gaskets 14 and 23 are provided and applied on the flange 39a. According to 35 this embodiment, the only one possibility for the fluid , ,;
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fl to leak would be to leak between the flange 39a and the flange 56, which means outside of the body 1 of the heat exchanger and, samely, the only one possibility for the fluid f2 to leak would be to leak between the flange 39a and the flange 57, which also means outside ~ of the heat exchanger.
¦ It has been mentioned in the above disclosure that it i5 advantageous to reduce as far as possible the ~ heat exchange between the annular duct 45 and the heat 1 10 dlssipators 17 and 17a, respectively connected to the I sheath 12 and to the inner wall of the socket 37. . ;
Figs. 7 and 8 lllustrate an embodiment enabling to reduce such a heat exchange at a very small value. In this case ! the member defining the annular walls 44 and 45 is made so that said walls are respectively formed by ~;
two concentrical tubes 44a, 44b and 45a, 45b which are I spaced apart by means of spacers 58.
¦ One at least of the tubes 44a, 44b and 45a, 45b has one or more apertures 59 so that some fluid f2, -i that circulates inside the annular duct 45, or outside ~
the annular duct 45, will fill the space separating the `~-concentrical tubes 44a, 44b and 45a, 45b. ~`
The apertures 59 are small so that circulation of `~
the fluid contained between said concentrical tubes is reduced and even nil. In this manner, the fluid itself forms a heat screen that limits conduction.
Figs. 7 and 8 also show an embodiment enabling an i~
escape outside of the heat exchanger of one and/or the other fluid fl, f~ when the socket 37 is arranged as I ~ 30 described by reference to Fig. 5. l.e. when the socket j 37 comes to bear on the ring 36 of the sheath 12 through the gaskets 38 and bears. qn an other hand. on the ; ;-bearing surface 41 through the gaskets 40. :
For this purpose, the socket 37 that is ¦
relatively thick for the same reason as the sheath 12 is ; .
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~-~ 16 moreover provlded with a small longitudinal bar 60 havlng a channel 61 thereln communlcatlng wlth ducts 62, -63 openlng respectlvely between the gaskets 40, on one hand, and between the gaskets 38, on the other hand.
The duct 62 ls arranged to wards a discharge channel 64 in the end la of the body 1. In such a manner, a leak of the fluid fl which would occur in case of failure in one of the gaskets 38, would supply, ~
the fluid through the ducts 63, 62 towards the channel -64. Samely, a leak of the fluid f2 which would be -caused by a deficiency in the other gasket 33 or in one of the gaskets 40 would supply this fluid towards the discharge channel 64.
Fig. 10 illustrates a development of the invention by which there is get rid of the risk of leaks through porosity or through a milling action possibly caused by waste products.
As shown in the drawingsl the sheath 12, as well as the socket 37 are both made for having two walls 12a, 12b and 37a, 37b, respectively, defining annular `~
chambers 65, 66 in which are arranged heat transmission members 67, 68. The heat transmission members 67, 68 can be formed by fins, coiled strips, bands that have been cut as heat disturbing elements, or still by other members providing a good heat transmission. The heat transmission members 67, 68 are preferably brazed to, or `~
made integral with, one of the walls of the sheath 12 or socket 37.
The annular chambers 65, 66 are on an other hand connected together br the duct 63 as described above with reference to Fig. 7 and the duct 64 is provided in the flange 39a for communicatin witll the chamber 66 of the socket 37 or with -the chamber 65 of the sheath 12 in the case of embodiment of Fig. 1 which does not comprise the socket 37. `
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i' The above dlsclosure shows that the working from I a heat exchange poi.nt of view is not modified with , ~ respect to the embodiments above described with -I reference to Figs. 1, 5 and 9 and that, besides, in case of damage to one of the walls 12a, 12b and 37a, 37b, `
~ respectively, either one of the fluids fl or f2 is `~
i~ necessarily directed outside the heat exchangers thereby eliminating any risks of contact between the two fluids.
Fig. 11 illustrates a simplified variant of the embodiments according to ~'ig. 5 or 9. In Fig. 11, the same reference numerals designate the same members as those described in the above embodiments. ~-The body 1 is made ln order to be connected with `~r a tightness, which can be a relative tightness, directly ~ .
to one end of the sleeve 20 surrounded by the heat ~ :
dissipators 16.
~¦ A single tube 43a is substituted to the tubes 43 ,~
and 44 of Figs S and 9, and this tube 43a is connected through the gasket 47, the tightness of which being ~:
possibly a relative tightness, to the mouth 25 of the end la of the body 1. ~-The tube 43a forms a separation wall between the heat dissipators 17 and 17a of the outer surface of the sheath 12 and inner surface of the socket 37, thereby ;
defining a double circuit between said sheath 12 and sockets 37. One of the fluids can be caused to circulate from the mouth 25 by following the arrows F2 shown in a full line to be supplied to the outlet duct 49, or this fluid can be caused to circulate from the outlet l I 30 duct 49 by following the arrows illustrated in phantom, :'~
i.e. in a direction contrary to that of F2. On an -~
other hand, the o-ther fluid can ~l.so circulate in one or in the other direction according to the arrows Fl. It is therefore possible to provide circulations both in a 2 ~ o ~
same directlon, in a counter-flow direction or at a cross-flow direction.
In the preceding disclosure, it has been mentioned that the envelope 1, the socket 37, the part S delimiting the annular duct 45, the sheath 12, the sleeve 20, as well as the hereabove described members associated therewith, have an annular cross-sectlon.
Fig. 12 illustrates that it is possible to provide other sectional shape while carrying into effect all the above described features.
In this respect, Fig. 12 shows that the heat exchanger, in i-ts embodiment shown in Fig. 5, can have an arcuate shape in order to be adaptable to a support member of a general cylinder shape, as this is the case for the walls of ~et engines in aeronautics.
In Fig. 12, as in the preceding figures, the same -reference numerals designate the same members as those ~'7' detailed in the above disclosure. -It is obvious that other sectional shapes can be samely provided, the heat exchanger having possibly a rectangular cross-section which can be more or less flattened.
In the above disclosure, lt has been explained that an absolute tightness should be obtained at various .
places of the circuits. For other parts of the circuits, for example between the ring 36 and the passage 52, or at the gasket 47, only a relative tightness should be provided. This relative tightness can be made by any suitable means known in the art, such as by gaskets, a ;~;
, 30 tight fitting, interposition of an impregnation product, etc .
:
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A SAFETY ANNULAR HEAT EXCHANGER FOR INCOMPATIBLE FLUIDS
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
. 5 The present invention relates to those heat exchangers for so called incompatible fluids. By the phrase "incompatible fluids", it should be understood ~.
such types of fluids that, when put together, are able to react in a dangerous manner, for example by self ignition, or stlll such types of fluids that, when mixed in certain conditions, are able to generate toxic compounds, or compounds having any other drawbacks.
.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
~or having an effective heat exchange, the prior art has tought heat exchangers comprising a vat having an open side on which is fastened a header tank with hair pin shaped tubes secured thereto, those tubes extending within the vat. -In the above known embodiment, a first fluid , circulates in the vat, which vat is possibly provided with baffles, while a second fluid circulatès in the tubes, which second fluid is brought at one end of the tubes by a first collector box and collected from the second end of the tubes by a second header tank.
The known heat exchangers of the above mentioned type are satisfactory regarding the heat exchange ;
capacity they have. But it may happen that leaks will i occur, in particular at the feet of the tubes engaged in the header tanks closing the vat in which circulates the first fluid. Leaks may also be provided through .
perforations of the thill walled tubes llaving walls generally of about 6-8 tenths of a millimeter.
.
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Actually, experiments have shown that fluids ~:
circulating in heat exchangers can carry waste products, and particularly metal chips. This is for example the case for lubricants of gear mechanisms. It thus happens -:~
sometimes that such metal chips will remain at a fixed .
place in the circuit of the heat exchanger while being submitted to a movement making that these metal chips ~' produce a milling action which may cause a perforation :.
of the wall of the circulation duct.
Present safety requirements in particular in the aeronautical industry, make that some components, such as are the heat exchangers, must be able to work during many hundreds of thousands of hours without any failure .
occurring because of these heat exchangers.
It has thus been found that the hereabove mentioned problems concerning the safety of use while ,~
ensuring a very good effectiveness with respect to the ~
heat exchange lead to avoid to use heat exchangers of ~ ::
the tubular core type.
. ~
PURPOSE AND SUMMARY 0~ THE INVENTION ~ :
The invention provides a new heat exchanger which takes into account the hereabove mentioned drawbacks, ;~;.
and has such a construction that any communication ~ .
between different fluids is effectively eliminated, possible leak being produced only toward the outside of - the heat exchanger even if some of the walls of the circulation ducts that it comprises are submitted to an accidental abrasion. i According to the invention, the safety annular heat exchanger for incompatihle fl~llds comprises a hollow body having one end closed by a bottom, a sealed bottle within this body, with this sealed bottle being rigidly and sealingly fixed to the hollow body, the ,~''', "
. . ..
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bottle having at least one wall with two sides, heat dlssipators belng provided on each of these two sides, ~:~i and thls bottle forming a separation wall between a first and a second fluid respectively circulating on either side of the at least one wall of the bottle ¦ between an input channel and an output channel of the hollow body for one of the fluids and between an input ¦ duct and an outpu-t duct for an other one of the fluids.
I According to other features of the invention, means are provided for avoiding that a troublesome heat 3 exchange can be produced between the admission and delivery ducts for one fluid and the circulation ducts of thls one fluid circulating according to a j counter-flow direction around the admission ducts.
There is also provided means carrying into effect thick or composite walls for the heat exchange between the two fluids, the wall thickness of these walls being substantially greater than a corresponding wall thickness coming from a theoretical computation for ensuring an optimum heat exchange between two fluids circulating on either side of said walls. The bottle at least has thus a wall thickness between about one i millimeter and a plurality of millimeters.
Further means are also provided according to the -invention so that it is possible to make the walls ensuring the heat exchange between the two fluids while ~f providing inner leak channels leading to outside of the heat exchanger.
Furthermore, the invention provides that the heat exchanger can have various shapes. in particular a circular shape, a paralleleliped shape or an arcuate -~
shape, in order to adapt the heat e~changer to any suitable machine, for example a jet englne in ~ ;
aeronautics or other similar machines.
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',~! Various other fea-tures of the invention will moreover be revealed from the following detail descriptlon.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Embodiments of the invention are shown, as non limitative examples, in the accompaning drawings, wherein :
Fig. 1 is an elevation cross-sectlon of an ;~
embodiment of the heat exchanger according to the invention.
~3 Fig. 2 is a partial cross-section illustrating an advantageous embodiment of one of the elements shown in 15 Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is an enlarged half cross-section taken ~ ' substantially along line III-III of Fig. 2. -`~
Fig. 4 is a half cross-section similar to Fig. 3 illustrating a variant of embodiment. ~`
Fig. 5 is an elevation cross section similar to Fig. 1 illustrating a development of the invention. ;
Fig. 6 is an elevation wiew according to line VI-VI of Fig. 5.
Fig. 7 is a partial elevation cross-section of the heat exchanger of Fig. 5 in an embodiment ~ ~
illustrating a development of the invention. ~ ' Fig. 8 is a cross-section taken along line -VIII-VIII of Fig. 7. -;~
Fig. 9 is a partial cross-section illustrating ~ ~`
the development of Fig 5 in an embodiment similar to ~ ` ~.
that of Fig. 1. `~
Fig. 10 is a part-lal elevation cross-section `
similar to Fig. 9 illustrating a further development of the invention.
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Flg. 11 ls a partlal cross-sectlon slmllar to Flg. 9 illustrating a slmplified embodiment. :
Fig. 12 ls a cross-section taken along llne XII-XII of Flg. 5 lllustratlng, ln cross-sectlon, a partlcular embodiment of the heat exchanger of Flgs. 1-11.
DESCRIPlION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
..
I 10 The heat exchanger shown ln the drawings j comprlses a body 1 made by moulding of a metal, for -~
¦ example aluminum or aluminum alloy, "Inconel", or still by machining of metal, either a light alloy, or a stainless steel, titanium or any other suitable metal for the use considered.
The body 1 forms an envelope 2 of a general cylinder shape, and which is closed at one end by a bottom 3 formed in one piece with the envelope 2. `
The body 1 delimits an inner cylindrical wall 4 having ends provided with distributing and collecting ~
recesses 5 and 6. The recess 6 has an annular shape - .
while the recess 5 can extend only on a part of the periphery of the cylindrical wall 4.
The recesses 5 and 6 communicate with an input `~
channel 7 and an output channel 8, respectively, designed to be connected to connection members leading ~ ``
to admission and discharge ducts (not shown).
In the embodiment shown in the drawings, the body 1 is provided with a fixation flange 9 designed to be mounted on any suitable support (not shown).
The body 1 could, without departing from the scope of the invention~ be an integral part of a carter of a motor or an other similar device.
The end of the body 1 which is opposed to the bottom 3 forms a bearing surface 10 for a flange 11 ~ - ", .' 6 2:1~9~8 .`t ~ , .
;~ formed at one end of a sheath 12 closed by a bottom 13 -~ so to make a sealed bottle. The sheath 12, the flange 11 and the bottom 13 are made as a slngle uni-t, preferably of a light alloy, manufactured by a machining method 5 . making that the wall of the sheath is relatively thick , and always greater than the thickness which is computed .
; for resisting to mechanical efforts, and the thickness . of the wall of the sheath is at least about 1 to 3 mm.
The machining method for manufacturing the sheath 12, bottom 13 and flange 11 is choosen among the methods making that no creek is formed in the fluid separation wall that forms the whole unit in the shape of a bottle as above explained.
A machining of a solid part constitutes a ,~
suitable embodiment, as well as an embodiment comprising rolling of the sheath 12 and soldering of the bottom 13. ~ ;
An embosslng or forging method can also be used.
~. A gasket 14, for example a o-ring is installed ~ .
? between the flange 11 and the bearing surface 10 of the body 1. ` :
As Rhown in the drawings, the respective sizes of ~;:
the sheath 12 and body 1 are choosen so that a space 15 `~
will exist between the lnner wall of the bottom 3 and -the outer wall of the bottom 13, and also between the `, -;~
outer wall of the sheath 12 and the inner wall of the envelope 2 of the body 1.
Heat dissipators 16, formed for example by cor- ,:
rugated sheet, a plurality of fins or points, or other similar members, are protruding from the inner wall of , 30 ~ the sheath 12 and, samely. hea-t dissipators 17 are r protruding from the outer wall of the sheath 12 to - , ;
extend on all the useful length thereof.
When the heat dissipators l6 and 17 are made by means of corrugated strips, well known in the heat -exchanger art, they are connected to the sheath 12, for , "~
.,, 7 211~408 example by brazing. When the heat dissipators 16 and 17 are formed by fins, or points, they are manufactured by a machining method, for example by milling in a machining center providing a fluid separation wall partly made of the sheath 12 and the bottom 13. One will not depart from the scope of the invention by maklng the sheath 12 and the heat disslpators 16 and 17 by means of a casting method, a forging method, a spinning method, or by an other suitable method.
The heat dissipato:rs 17 are surrounded by a sleeve 18 which can be made of metal or, possibly, -~
synthetic material, which sleeve 18 is extending on all the useful length of said heat dissipators 17 while providing an annular free space with the inner wall of the flange 11 and with the inner wall of the bottom 13 ;~
of the body 1, respectively. `: ~-A sealing gasket 19 is preferably installed between the sleeve 18 and the cylinder wall 4 of the envelope 2, which sealing gasket 19 is possibly provided so to ensure only a relative tightness. ;~
In a similar manner to what has been described in the above disclosure with respect to the heat dissipator 17, a second sleeve 20 is engaged within the heat `
dissipator 16. ~.
The second sleeve 20 extends on all the useful length of the heat dissipator 16, and is supported in a neck 21 of a distributing cover 22 applied on the outer ~ ;
wall of the flange 11.
A sealing gasket 23 is installed between the ! 30 distr,ibuting cover 22 and the flange 11. Fixing and holding means 24, for e~ample screws or bolts, are provided for securing the cli.ctributln cover 22 on the ~i~
flange 11 and for securillg tl~e flange ll on the body l.
The distributing cover 22 forms an inlet duct 25, . .~ . .
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:
arranged preferably coaxlal to the sheath 12, and an annular manlfold 26 communlcatlng wlth the annular space 27 formed between the second sleeve 20 and the lnner . wall of the sheath 12.
The manifold 26 conducts to an output duct 28.
The above described heat exchanger is prlnclpally -~
designed for enabling heat exchange between incompatible flulds, whlch means fluids that should in no case be put :
ln contact together, as this can be the case between a , fuel product, for example kerosene, and the lubrication oil of members of an englne or of a transmission when ~' these two fluids are at very different temperatures, the -~;
lubrication oil having for example to be cooled-down by :
the fuel supplied to the engine.
3 15 The first fluid, for example the fuel, is :
supplied into the heat exchanger through the inlet duct 25 according to arrow Fl. The first fluid passes then ln the space 27 formed between the second sleeve 20 and ~.
the outer surface of the sheath 12, which space 27 -~`.
contains the heat dissipator 16. r ~,^
This first fluid is then supplied to the annular -manifold 26 and then to the outlet duct 28. 1 The second fluid, for example a lubricant oil, is supplied according to arrow F2 to the inlet channel 7 : ~
that directs the second fluid to the annular recess 6 i ~`
which forms a distributor that distributes and conducts : this fluid within the sleeve 18, thereby flowing outside of the sheath 12 along the heat dissipators 16 and 17 ~ j:
carried by the sheath 12. ::`-The space 15 separating the bottom 13 of the sheath 12 from the bottom 3 of -the body 1 forms a manifold for the second fluid. that is thus supplied -to ~:
the recess 5 and then into the outlet channel 8.
The preceding disclosure shows that no passage ~.
whatsoever can exist between the circuit of the first '' ,~ .
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fluid and that of the second fluid. If a leak would occur, the leak could only be produced between the flange 11 and the bearing surface 10 of the body 1, in case the gasket 14 is defective. But, in this case, the `~.
5 . second fluid would be conducted to the outside without ~,-possibly rejoining a part of the circuit of the first ~
fluid. ~;
3 In a like manner, a leak in the circuit of the first fluid could only be produced between the outside of the flange 11 and the gasket 23 of the distributing cover 22. In this case, such a possible leak which would be caused by a defect in the gasket 23 could conduct the `~
first fluid only to the outside without this first fluid ~
being able in any case to come into the circuit of the ,.
second fluid.
In the above described example, the two fluids are circulating in a counter-flow direction. But one will not depart from the scope of the invention by using ~
another way of circulation between the two fluids for ~`
means usual in the art. It is in particular possible to .
. arrange partition walls at ends of some of the heat dissipators for establishing a zigzag flow of one and/or ;.`
the other of the two fluids. ~ ;~
The sleeve 18 can be freely mounted relative to ~
the envelope 2 and heat dissipators 16, or the sleeve 18 ;
can be fixedly mounted with the envelope 2 while "~
remaining free with respect to the heat dissipators 16, ~ `~
or still the sleeve 18 can be fixedly mounted with the . ~`
-is~! heat dissipators 16 while being free with respect to the envelope 2. It is also possible not to use the~sleeve 18 :~`
i~ if the length of the distributing recess 6 is small relative to the len,th of the heat flissipators 16, which is illustrated for the heat dissipato1-s shown at 16a in the embodiment to be described later on in reference ~ ~
with Fig. 5. ~. ``
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,, , Samely, the second sleeve 20 is provlded to be -slidable with respect to the heat dissipators 16 or, if the sleeve 20 is fixedly moun-ted with the heat dissipators 16, the second sleeve 20 is provlded to be movable with respect to the neck 21, thereby also avoiding stresses which could occur because of differential heat dilatations. `-In the above disclosure, it has been mentioned that the sheath 12 has a thick wall, for example of about 1 to 3 mm in order to reduce, or even eliminate, -~
I any risks of communication between the circuit of the first fluid and that of the second fluids. ~"~
~or still more eliminatlng a risk of accidental communication between the two circuits, Figs. 2 to 4 illustrate means forming some developments of the invention for obtaining thick walls with good heat conductivity.
According to Figs. 2 and 3, the sheath 12a of the bottle is formed by two tubular members 29, 30 provlding therebetween an annular space 31. The tubular members ~ `
29, 30 are connected together on a greater part at least of their length by heat conducting members 32, for example strips, which are corrugated or have an other suitable shape, and which can be brazed or connected by any other suitable means to those tubular members 29, 30.
On an other hand, the tubular members 29, 30 are connected together at least at their ends by means of rings 33, 34, which are brazed or soldered in order to provide an absolute tlghtness.
Various means are kno~n in the art for obtaining such an absolute tightness. and it is for example possible to use an electron heam soldering.
The annular space 31 advantageously communicates with a vent channel 35 provided in the flange 11. In this manner, in case one of the tubular members 29 or 30 - ~ 1 1 2 1 ~
. . ~
has a leak, the flrst fluid fl or the second fluid f2 will enter the annular space 31 and will be evacuated by the vent channel 35, which makes possible ~ to immediately detect the anomaly.
r 5 Fig. 4 shows that the heat conducting members 32 -;
~ can be made by fins 32a possibly formed by moulding .;, together with one of the tubular members 29 or 30, so to } divide the annular space 31 in longitudinal channels 31a.
~ Fig. 5 illustrates a development of the invention ,( 10 permitting to manufacture heat exchangers having a great output delivery.
: In the embodiment of Fig. 5, the sheath 12 made . as above described in relation with Fig. 1 comprises an open end provided with a ring 36 in which a socket 37 is centered, the socket 37 having thick walls, i.e. walls ~ of a thickness similar to that of the sheath 12.
`~ O-ring sealing gaskets 38 providing an absolute .
thightness are installed between the ring 36 and the .
socket 37, the free end of which socket 37 forms a flange 39 provided with o-ring sealing gaskets 40 which are supported on a bearing surface 41 of the end la of the body 1. The gaskets 40 provide also an absolute tightness.
. In this embodiment, the body 1 is provided with a ~ .
removable bottom 3a that is fixed, for example bolted, on the body 1, with an interposition of o-ring gaskets ~
; ~ 42 providing an absolute tightness. ~-, ~ The sleeve 12 is provided, as in the embodiment .
. ~ of Fig. 1, with heat dissipators 16 and 17 and, in a similar manner, the socket 37 is provided with heat ~- -dissipators 16a and 17a. respectively, extending on both of its sides. ` ;~ ~;
The heat dissipators 17 and 17a are supported on the inner wall 43 and outer wall 44 of a member forming .~.,.
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an annular duct 45 extending from a distributing chamber 46 opening in the inlet duct 25 of the body 1. ~.;
The drawings show that sealing gaskets 47 are installed between the inner wall of the inlet duct 25 5 - and the outer wall of the distributing chamber 46. The tightness which is thereby provided is not necessarily `~
an absolute tightness.
The end la of the body 1 forms an outlet chamber ~ ' 48 provided with an outlet nozzle 49.
At least one aperture 50 is provided between the .
chamber 46 and the annular duct 45 for communicating the chamber 48 with a chamber 51, the chamber 51 then -communicating with the annular spaces separating the r inner wall 43 and outer wall 44 of the duct 45 from the outside of the sheath 12 and the inside of the socket 37.
The above disclosure shows that the walls 43, 44 fulfill the functlon of either one of the sleeves 18 or 20 of the embodiment according to Fig. 1, in addition to functions to be described later.
The member that forms the chamber 46 and the walls 43, 44 of the annular duct 45 can be made of various materials, for example this member can be made of metal or of composite or plastic material, according to temperature of the fluids designed to bathe this -~
member. Preferably, the above member is made of a material having a low heat conductivity, which can be obtained as described later-on with reference to Fig. 7.
The drawings show that the annular duct 45 is open at its end opposite the chamber 46 so that the fluid, which is supplied -to the inlet duct 25 according to arrow F2, is then suppliod inside the annular duct 45 and goes out therefrom at lts o~en end as shown by the arrows, and is conducted to the outlet chamber 48 in a counte:r-flow direction by following the heat dissipators 17 and 17a.
"' . ,' .
~ 13 2~9~8 -¦ Because of the low conducting nature of the walls 43 and 44, the heat exchange is small between the fluld circulating between the walls 43 and 44 and the fluid circulating outside the walls 43 and 44.
To correspond to what has been discussed above -~
relatively to the working of the heat exchanger of Fig.
1, it is assumed that the fluid circulating according to the arrow F2 is the second fluid, for example a lubricant, having to be cooled down by a first fluid, for example a fuel having to be supplied to the combustion chamber of an engine.
In the embodiment of Fig. 5, the first fluid is supplied to the input channel 7 according to the arrow '~
Fl. This first fluid is directed, as shown by the ~ ;
arrows so .hat the first fluid will circulate around the ,~;
socket 37 along the heat dissipators 16a in a ~ i counter-flow direction to the first fluid circulating along the heat dissipators 17a.
The first fluid is therefore supplied to a passage 52 in the bottom 3a and leading to a median mouth 53 opening inside the bottle that is formed by the 1~
sheath 12, which means : inside the sleeve 20 surrounded ~ ~-by the heat dissipators 16 secured to the sheath 12. `.`~
Thus, the first fluid is supplied into the bottom -13 of the bottle and directed therefrom to the inside of the sleeve 20. This first fluid circulates then along ~-the heat dissipators 16 on the outer wall of the sheath 12, which means that the first fluid then circulates in ~`~
a counter-flow directlon to the second fluid that circulates according to the arrow F2 along the heat dissipators 17 which are carried by the outer wall of the sheath 12.
The first fluid is finally supplied into a '~
manifold 54 (Figs. 5 and 6) defined by the removable ,~
.
; 14 2~ o~
. .......................................................................... .
, :s bottom 3a, and is thus dlrected to the outlet channel 8 of the body 1.
As this is clear from the above disclosure, the first fluid always circulates outside of the socket 37 and inside of the sheath 12 so that an absolute tightness is only necessary between these two parts, i.e. at the annular gaskets 38 and also between the socket 37 and the bearing surface 41 of the end la of -the body, which is provided by the o-ring sealing 10 gaskets 40.
The second fluld, for its part, circulates only inside the socket 37 and outside the sheath 12. The risks of communication are thus extremely reduced since ~'3` they are caused, either by a possible porosity of the s 15 socket 37 or of the sheath 12, or by an accidental perforation which could be caused by the presence of ~;~
.~
- waste products as for example metal chips. ~
There is hereinafter described how, according to ~:
, the invention, it is now possible to get rid of this 20 risk.
, In order to still increase tightness between the ~; socket 37 and the sheath 12, it is advantageous to ~oin the ring 36 to one end to the socket 37 by a weld 55 (Fig. 9), the good carrying out of which weld can easily 25 be checked by means known in the art.
In this case, it is also advantageous as shown in ~,~ Fig. 9, that the flange 39a of the socket 37 is tightened between complementary flanges 56 and 57, respectively of the body 1 and of the end la of the body 30 1. There is then used, for maintaining the soclcet 37, .
'` the same means as that shown in Fig. 1 for maintainlng -the sheath 12.
Also as in Fig l. sealing gaskets 14 and 23 are provided and applied on the flange 39a. According to 35 this embodiment, the only one possibility for the fluid , ,;
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fl to leak would be to leak between the flange 39a and the flange 56, which means outside of the body 1 of the heat exchanger and, samely, the only one possibility for the fluid f2 to leak would be to leak between the flange 39a and the flange 57, which also means outside ~ of the heat exchanger.
¦ It has been mentioned in the above disclosure that it i5 advantageous to reduce as far as possible the ~ heat exchange between the annular duct 45 and the heat 1 10 dlssipators 17 and 17a, respectively connected to the I sheath 12 and to the inner wall of the socket 37. . ;
Figs. 7 and 8 lllustrate an embodiment enabling to reduce such a heat exchange at a very small value. In this case ! the member defining the annular walls 44 and 45 is made so that said walls are respectively formed by ~;
two concentrical tubes 44a, 44b and 45a, 45b which are I spaced apart by means of spacers 58.
¦ One at least of the tubes 44a, 44b and 45a, 45b has one or more apertures 59 so that some fluid f2, -i that circulates inside the annular duct 45, or outside ~
the annular duct 45, will fill the space separating the `~-concentrical tubes 44a, 44b and 45a, 45b. ~`
The apertures 59 are small so that circulation of `~
the fluid contained between said concentrical tubes is reduced and even nil. In this manner, the fluid itself forms a heat screen that limits conduction.
Figs. 7 and 8 also show an embodiment enabling an i~
escape outside of the heat exchanger of one and/or the other fluid fl, f~ when the socket 37 is arranged as I ~ 30 described by reference to Fig. 5. l.e. when the socket j 37 comes to bear on the ring 36 of the sheath 12 through the gaskets 38 and bears. qn an other hand. on the ; ;-bearing surface 41 through the gaskets 40. :
For this purpose, the socket 37 that is ¦
relatively thick for the same reason as the sheath 12 is ; .
2 ~
~-~ 16 moreover provlded with a small longitudinal bar 60 havlng a channel 61 thereln communlcatlng wlth ducts 62, -63 openlng respectlvely between the gaskets 40, on one hand, and between the gaskets 38, on the other hand.
The duct 62 ls arranged to wards a discharge channel 64 in the end la of the body 1. In such a manner, a leak of the fluid fl which would occur in case of failure in one of the gaskets 38, would supply, ~
the fluid through the ducts 63, 62 towards the channel -64. Samely, a leak of the fluid f2 which would be -caused by a deficiency in the other gasket 33 or in one of the gaskets 40 would supply this fluid towards the discharge channel 64.
Fig. 10 illustrates a development of the invention by which there is get rid of the risk of leaks through porosity or through a milling action possibly caused by waste products.
As shown in the drawingsl the sheath 12, as well as the socket 37 are both made for having two walls 12a, 12b and 37a, 37b, respectively, defining annular `~
chambers 65, 66 in which are arranged heat transmission members 67, 68. The heat transmission members 67, 68 can be formed by fins, coiled strips, bands that have been cut as heat disturbing elements, or still by other members providing a good heat transmission. The heat transmission members 67, 68 are preferably brazed to, or `~
made integral with, one of the walls of the sheath 12 or socket 37.
The annular chambers 65, 66 are on an other hand connected together br the duct 63 as described above with reference to Fig. 7 and the duct 64 is provided in the flange 39a for communicatin witll the chamber 66 of the socket 37 or with -the chamber 65 of the sheath 12 in the case of embodiment of Fig. 1 which does not comprise the socket 37. `
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i' The above dlsclosure shows that the working from I a heat exchange poi.nt of view is not modified with , ~ respect to the embodiments above described with -I reference to Figs. 1, 5 and 9 and that, besides, in case of damage to one of the walls 12a, 12b and 37a, 37b, `
~ respectively, either one of the fluids fl or f2 is `~
i~ necessarily directed outside the heat exchangers thereby eliminating any risks of contact between the two fluids.
Fig. 11 illustrates a simplified variant of the embodiments according to ~'ig. 5 or 9. In Fig. 11, the same reference numerals designate the same members as those described in the above embodiments. ~-The body 1 is made ln order to be connected with `~r a tightness, which can be a relative tightness, directly ~ .
to one end of the sleeve 20 surrounded by the heat ~ :
dissipators 16.
~¦ A single tube 43a is substituted to the tubes 43 ,~
and 44 of Figs S and 9, and this tube 43a is connected through the gasket 47, the tightness of which being ~:
possibly a relative tightness, to the mouth 25 of the end la of the body 1. ~-The tube 43a forms a separation wall between the heat dissipators 17 and 17a of the outer surface of the sheath 12 and inner surface of the socket 37, thereby ;
defining a double circuit between said sheath 12 and sockets 37. One of the fluids can be caused to circulate from the mouth 25 by following the arrows F2 shown in a full line to be supplied to the outlet duct 49, or this fluid can be caused to circulate from the outlet l I 30 duct 49 by following the arrows illustrated in phantom, :'~
i.e. in a direction contrary to that of F2. On an -~
other hand, the o-ther fluid can ~l.so circulate in one or in the other direction according to the arrows Fl. It is therefore possible to provide circulations both in a 2 ~ o ~
same directlon, in a counter-flow direction or at a cross-flow direction.
In the preceding disclosure, it has been mentioned that the envelope 1, the socket 37, the part S delimiting the annular duct 45, the sheath 12, the sleeve 20, as well as the hereabove described members associated therewith, have an annular cross-sectlon.
Fig. 12 illustrates that it is possible to provide other sectional shape while carrying into effect all the above described features.
In this respect, Fig. 12 shows that the heat exchanger, in i-ts embodiment shown in Fig. 5, can have an arcuate shape in order to be adaptable to a support member of a general cylinder shape, as this is the case for the walls of ~et engines in aeronautics.
In Fig. 12, as in the preceding figures, the same -reference numerals designate the same members as those ~'7' detailed in the above disclosure. -It is obvious that other sectional shapes can be samely provided, the heat exchanger having possibly a rectangular cross-section which can be more or less flattened.
In the above disclosure, lt has been explained that an absolute tightness should be obtained at various .
places of the circuits. For other parts of the circuits, for example between the ring 36 and the passage 52, or at the gasket 47, only a relative tightness should be provided. This relative tightness can be made by any suitable means known in the art, such as by gaskets, a ;~;
, 30 tight fitting, interposition of an impregnation product, etc .
:
Claims (21)
1 - A safety annular heat exchanger for incompatible fluids, comprising a hollow body (1) having one end closed by a bottom (3, 3a), a sealed bottle (12, 13, 37) within said body, with this sealed bottle being rigidly and sealingly connected to said hollow body, said bottle having at least one wall (12, 37) with two sides, heat dissipators (16, 17, 16a, 17a) being provided on each of said two sides, and said bottle forming a separation wall between a first and a second fluid respectively circulating on either side of said at least one wall of said bottle between an input channel (7) and an output channel (8) of said hollow body for one of said first and second fluids and between an input duct (25) and an output duct (28, 49) for an other one of said first and second fluids.
2 - The heat exchanger as set forth in claim 1, wherein a wall of said bottle is formed by a sheath (12) having one end closed by a bottom (13), said wall insidely supporting heat dissipator (16), with said heat dissipators surrounding a sleeve (20) guiding one of said first and second fluids distributed in said heat dissipators (16) by said bottom (13).
3 - The heat exchanger as set forth in claim 2, wherein said sheath (12) is outsidely provided with heat dissipators (17) surrounded by a sleeve or wall (18, 43, 43a) for guiding said second fluid between said wall (43, 43a) and said sheath (12).
4 - The heat exchanger as set forth in claim 1, wherein said bottle defines a flange (11, 39) at one end opposite to said end closed by said bottom and wherein said flange (11, 39) is sealingly secured to said body (1) .
5 - The heat exchanger as set forth in claim 4, wherein said flange (11) is connected to at least one sealing gasket (14, 23, 40), said sealing gasket providing an absolute tightness and said flange (11) being pressed between said body (1) and an end cover (1a, 22).
6 - The heat exchanger as set forth in claim 1, said body (1) has one end (1a) provided with a bearing surface (41), said bottle being provided with a flange (39) fixed on said bearing surface (41).
7 - The heat exchanger as set forth in claim 1, wherein said bottle is formed by a sheath (12) having one end provided with a bottom (13), said sheath (12) and bottom (13) being manufactured in a single part of a good heat conductivity material and having a wall thickness which is greater than a wall tightness computed for resisting to mechanical efforts and is at least about one to three millimeters.
8 - The heat exchanger as set forth in claim 2, wherein said wall formed by said sheath (12) of said bottle is surrounded by a wall formed by a socket (37) having a thickness similar to a thickness of said sheath (12) and having inner surfaces provided with heat dissipators (17a and 16a, respectively), the heat dissipators (17a) of the inner surface of the socket (37) being separated from the dissipators (17) of the outer surface of said sheath (12) by a part (43a) forming a separation wall between the heat dissipators (17) supported by the outer surface of the sheath (12) and the heat dissipators (17a) supported by the inner surface of the socket (37), said part (43a) being an annular part connected to the inlet (25) of an end (1a) of the body (1) for defining a double circuit connected, on one hand, to the inlet mouth (25) and, on an other hand, to an outlet duct of the end (1a) of the body (1) which forms, with the outer surface of said socket (37) and the inner surface of said sheath (12) of said bottle, a second circuit extending between an inlet channel (7) of said body (1) and a median mouth (53) of said body (1).
9 - The heat exchanger as set forth in claim 2, wherein said wall formed by said sheath (12) of said bottle is surrounded by a wall formed by a socket (37) having a thickness similar to a thickness of said sheath (12) and having inner surfaces provided with heat dissipators (17a and 16a, respectively), the heat dissipators (17a) of the inner surface of the socket (37) being separated from the heat dissipators (17) of the outer surface of said sheath (12) by a double walled part (43, 44) delimiting an annular duct (45) for supplying a fluid from a chamber (46) formed by said part and which communicates with an input duct (25) of the tubular body forming an outlet duct (28, 48, 49) for the fluid directed, by the annular duct (45) of said part, into the heat dissipators (17 and 17a) respectively provided on the outer wall of said sheath (12) and the inner wall of said socket (37).
10 - The heat exchanger as set forth in claim 9, wherein the outer wall of said socket (37) is provided with heat dissipators (16, 16a) directing a fluid from an inlet channel (7) of said body (1) to a space or passage (15, 52) of said bottom (3, 3a) of said body (1) from which said fluid is conducted to the outlet channel (8) of said body (1).
11 - The heat exchanger as set forth in claim 10, wherein said passage (52) of said bottom (3a) of said body (1) directs the fluid from the inlet channel (7) to the inside of heat dissipators (16) of the inner wall of said sheath (12), said fluid being conducted by a sleeve (20) surrounding said heat dissipators to a manifold (54) formed by said bottom (3a) of said body (1) and conducting to the outlet channel (8) of said body.
12 - The heat exchanger as set forth in claim 9, wherein at least the socket (37) is provided with leak ducts (61, 62, 63, 65, 66) conducting to a discharge channel (64) provided in the body (1).
13 - The heat exchanger as set forth in claim 12, wherein the socket (37) is mounted on a ring (36) of said sheath (12) with interposition of gaskets (38), and wherein the leak duct (63) opens between two gaskets (38) isolating said leak duct (63) respectively from one and the other fluid.
14 - The heat exchanger as set forth in claim 12, wherein the leak duct (61) is formed in a small longitudinal bar (60) of said socket (37).
15 - The heat exchanger as set forth in claim 12, wherein both said sheath (12) and said socket (37) of said bottle are provided with annular chambers (65, 66) connected together by a duct (63), said chambers being connected to said discharge channel (64) provided in a flange (39a) by which said bottle is connected to said body (1).
16 - The heat exchanger as set forth in claim 15, wherein said annular chambers (65, 66) of said sheath (12) and said socket (37) contain heat transmission elements (67, 68).
17 - The heat exchanger as set forth in claim 8, wherein said part (43, 44, 43a) that forms a separation wall and that distributes one of the fluids in the heat dissipators of said socket (37) and sheath (12) is a double walled part (44a. 44b, 45a, 45b) and is provided with at least one aperture (59) for admission of a fluid that forms a heat screen between the circulating fluid and the outside of said part.
18 - The heat exchanger as set forth in claim 2, wherein said sheath (12) of said bottle has one end opposite to the bottom (13) provided with a ring (36) on which is soldered said socket (37), said socket having a free end that form a flange (39a) fixed in a tightness manner to said body (1).
19 - The heat exchanger as set forth in claim 1, wherein inner wall of said body (1) and elements contained therein have a circular cross-section.
20 - The heat exchanger as set forth in claim 1, wherein inner wall of said body (1) and elements contained therein have a polygonal cross-section.
21 - The heat exchanger as set forth in claim 1, wherein inner wall of said body (1) and elements contained therein have an arcuate cross-section.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR9308254A FR2707380B1 (en) | 1993-07-06 | 1993-07-06 | Safety ring exchanger for incompatible fluids. |
| FR9308254 | 1993-07-06 | ||
| EP93402169A EP0633442B1 (en) | 1993-07-06 | 1993-09-07 | Security annular heat exchanger for incompatible fluids |
| EP93402169.2 | 1993-09-07 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2119408A1 true CA2119408A1 (en) | 1995-01-07 |
Family
ID=9448951
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002119408A Abandoned CA2119408A1 (en) | 1993-07-06 | 1994-03-18 | Safety annular heat exchanger for incompatible fluids |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0633442B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE162615T1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2119408A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69316603T2 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK0633442T3 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2114017T3 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2707380B1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE10328628A1 (en) * | 2003-06-26 | 2005-01-20 | Volkswagen Ag | Arrangement for moisturizing gas flow, especially process gas flow in fuel cell system, has atomizing device on container with at least one opening for feeding liquid |
| DE202004003131U1 (en) * | 2004-03-01 | 2004-05-19 | Albert Handtmann Metallgusswerk Gmbh & Co. Kg | Multi-part exhaust gas heat exchanger made of die-cast aluminum |
| DE202007016275U1 (en) * | 2007-11-20 | 2009-05-20 | Consarctic Entwicklungs Und Handels Gmbh | heat exchangers |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3120868A (en) * | 1959-09-28 | 1964-02-11 | James S Ballantine | Heat exchanger |
| US3910347A (en) * | 1966-06-13 | 1975-10-07 | Stone & Webster Eng Corp | Cooling apparatus and process |
| DE2046548B2 (en) * | 1970-09-22 | 1973-02-15 | Interatom Internationale Atomreaktor bau GmbH. 5060 Bensberg | HEAT EXCHANGER FOR SODIUM-COOLED NUCLEAR REACTORS |
| AU510518B2 (en) * | 1976-04-08 | 1980-07-03 | Heat Transfer Pty. Ltd. | Seals for concentrically arranged tubes of heat exchangers |
| US4671351A (en) * | 1985-07-17 | 1987-06-09 | Vertech Treatment Systems, Inc. | Fluid treatment apparatus and heat exchanger |
| WO1993003318A1 (en) * | 1991-07-31 | 1993-02-18 | Ronald Albert Pain | Bayonet heat exchanger |
-
1993
- 1993-07-06 FR FR9308254A patent/FR2707380B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-09-07 DE DE69316603T patent/DE69316603T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-09-07 AT AT93402169T patent/ATE162615T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-09-07 EP EP93402169A patent/EP0633442B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-09-07 ES ES93402169T patent/ES2114017T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-09-07 DK DK93402169T patent/DK0633442T3/en active
-
1994
- 1994-03-18 CA CA002119408A patent/CA2119408A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DK0633442T3 (en) | 1998-09-14 |
| DE69316603T2 (en) | 1998-04-30 |
| ES2114017T3 (en) | 1998-05-16 |
| ATE162615T1 (en) | 1998-02-15 |
| DE69316603D1 (en) | 1998-02-26 |
| EP0633442B1 (en) | 1998-01-21 |
| EP0633442A1 (en) | 1995-01-11 |
| FR2707380B1 (en) | 1995-09-22 |
| FR2707380A1 (en) | 1995-01-13 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| FZDE | Discontinued |