EP0632139A1 - Application of a hot working steel - Google Patents

Application of a hot working steel Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0632139A1
EP0632139A1 EP94108830A EP94108830A EP0632139A1 EP 0632139 A1 EP0632139 A1 EP 0632139A1 EP 94108830 A EP94108830 A EP 94108830A EP 94108830 A EP94108830 A EP 94108830A EP 0632139 A1 EP0632139 A1 EP 0632139A1
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Prior art keywords
steel
thermal conductivity
hot
steels
application
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French (fr)
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EP0632139B1 (en
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Edmund Dr. Haberling
Hans-Werner Hellmonds
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Thyssen Stahl AG
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Thyssen Stahl AG
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/24—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with vanadium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/26—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with niobium or tantalum

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the use of hot-work steel for the primary shaping, shaping and processing of materials, e.g. in die casting, extrusion at drop forges or as a shear knife, which ensures high thermal conductivity at elevated temperatures up to 1100 ° C.
  • hot work tools In addition to high thermal stability, hot work tools must have good thermal conductivity and high resistance to hot wear. While the hot wear resistance is intended to protect the tool against premature wear, the thermal conductivity is required in order to quickly transport the amount of heat absorbed when it comes into contact with the material to be reformed from the tool surface into the interior of the tool. With good thermal conductivity, not only is there less thermal stress on the tool surface, but the flatter temperature gradient in the tool also results in lower stresses, which reduces the risk of thermal shock and stress cracks. Good thermal conductivity also enables the amount of heat absorbed by the tool to be removed from the tool via the surface or with the aid of a cooling channel system.
  • the hot working steels with 5% Cr e.g. the steel X 38 CrMoV 5 1, material no. 1.2343 with (in mass%) 0.36 to 0.42% C, 0.90 to 1.20% Si, 0.30 to 0.50% Mn, 4.8 to 5.5% Cr, 1, 1 to 1.4% Mo, and 0.25 to 0.50% V can be used. Due to their coordinated alloy contents of chromium, molybdenum and vanadium, these steels already have good resistance to hot wear, but are not yet alloyed to such an extent that the thermal conductivity is significantly reduced.
  • steels with a chromium content reduced to 3% e.g. the steel X 32 Cr MoV 3 3, material no. 1.2365 with (in mass%) 0.28 to 0.35% C, 0.10 to 0.40% Si, 0.15 to 0.45% Mn, 2.7 to 3.2% Cr, 2, 6 to 3.5% Mo and 0.40 to 0.70% V are used. These steels have the highest thermal conductivity.
  • the invention is based on the object of developing a hot-working steel which, in addition to having sufficient thermal resistance and good resistance to hot wear, has better thermal conductivity than known hot-working steels.
  • This object is achieved according to the invention by using a steel with 0.30 to 0.55% C, less than 0.90% Si, to 1.0% Mn, 2.0 to 4.0% Cr. 3.5 to 7.0% Mo, 0.3 to 1.5% in total one or more of the elements vanadium, titanium, niobium, 0.005 to 0.1% Al, balance iron including unavoidable impurities.
  • This steel has a tensile strength of over 700 N / mm2 and a thermal conductivity of over 35 W / m.K when tempered between 400 and 600 ° C.
  • a preferred composition of the steel to be used according to the invention consists of 0.4 to 0.5% C, 0.2 to 0.4% Si, 0.2 to 0.4% Mn, 2.8 to 3.2% Cr, 4.9 to 5.1% Mo, 0.9 to 1.1% V, 0.005 to 0.025% Al, balance iron and melting-related impurities.
  • the steel must have a molybdenum content of 3.5 to 7%.
  • the hardenability is guaranteed by chromium contents of at least 2%, but at most 4%. At higher chromium levels, there is a noticeable reduction in thermal conductivity.
  • additions of the monocarbide images V, Nb or Ti individually or in total of at least 0.3%, but at most 1.5%, are required.
  • the carbon content is matched to the content of monocarbide images with 0.30 and 0.50%.
  • the hardening and tempering is preferably carried out in the range from 1000 to 1100 ° C and by subsequent tempering in the range from 600 to 650 ° C for 1 to 2 h.
  • the most favorable hardening conditions were determined in the range from 1050 to 1075 ° C for 15 min / water.
  • the temper resistance is good.
  • a steel produced within the claimed analysis limits with 0.46% C, 0.21% Si, 0.31% Mn, 2.89% Cr, 5.10% Mo, 0.006% Al and 0.91% V, balance Fe 1 has a higher thermal conductivity than all previously known hot working steels, for example the steels material numbers listed in the steel insert list 201 of the Association of German Ironworkers from October 1992. 1.2343 and 1.2365. In the temperature range from 400 to 600 ° C, the thermal conductivity of the steel to be used according to the invention is clearly above 355 W / m.K, while that of the steels 1.2343 and 1.2365 listed for comparison are significantly lower.
  • the steel to be used according to the invention surpasses the conventional hot-work steels also in tempering resistance.
  • the hardness after tempering to 400 to 600 ° C is over 55 HRC, but significantly lower with the known comparative steels.
  • the steel to be used according to the invention proved to be significantly superior to the steels previously used in terms of wear resistance and service life.
  • the steel can also be used successfully as a material for piercing mandrels due to its good thermal conductivity and its favorable scale formation when punching high-alloy chrome steels.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
  • Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Extrusion Of Metal (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to the use of a hot-work tool steel (die steel) for primary forming, working and machining of materials, e.g. in die casting, extrusion in the case of die forges (drop forges) or as shear blades, which steel, at elevated temperatures up to 1100 DEG C, has a high thermal conductivity of more than 35 W/m.K. The steel contains from 0.30 to 0.55% of C less than 0.90% of Si up to 1.0% of Mn from 2.0 to 4.0% of Cr from 3.5 to 7.0% of Mo from 0.3 to 1.5% overall of V, Ti, Nb from 0.005 to 0.1% of Al. ta

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft die Verwendung eines Warmarbeitsstahls für die Urformung, die Umformung und die Bearbeitung von Werkstoffen, z.B. beim Druckgießen, beim Strangpressen bei Gesenkschmieden oder als Scherenmesser, der bei erhöhten Temperaturen bis 1100 °C eine hohe Wärmeleitfähigkeit sicherstellt.The invention relates to the use of hot-work steel for the primary shaping, shaping and processing of materials, e.g. in die casting, extrusion at drop forges or as a shear knife, which ensures high thermal conductivity at elevated temperatures up to 1100 ° C.

Neben einer hohen thermischen Stabilität müssen Warmarbeitswerkzeuge gute Wärmeleitfähigkeit und einen hohen Warmverschleißwiderstand besitzen. Während der Warmverschleißwiderstand das Werkzeug vor einer vorzeitigen Abnutzung schützen soll, ist die Wärmeleitfähigkeit erforderlich, um die bei der Berührung mit dem umzuformenden Werkstoff aufgenommene Wärmemenge rasch von der Werkzeugoberfläche in das Werkzeuginnere abzutransportieren. Bei guter Wärmeleitfähigkeit wird nicht nur eine geringere thermische Beanspruchung der Werkzeugoberfläche erzielt, sondern aufgrund des flacheren Temperaturgradienten im Werkzeug kommt es auch zu geringeren Spannungen, wodurch die Gefahr von Thermoschock- und Spannungsrissen herabgesetzt wird. Eine gute Wärmeleitfähigkeit ermöglicht es ferner, die vom Werkzeug aufgenommene Wärmemenge über die Oberfläche oder mit Hilfe eines Kühlkanalsystems aus dem Werkzeug abzuführen.In addition to high thermal stability, hot work tools must have good thermal conductivity and high resistance to hot wear. While the hot wear resistance is intended to protect the tool against premature wear, the thermal conductivity is required in order to quickly transport the amount of heat absorbed when it comes into contact with the material to be reformed from the tool surface into the interior of the tool. With good thermal conductivity, not only is there less thermal stress on the tool surface, but the flatter temperature gradient in the tool also results in lower stresses, which reduces the risk of thermal shock and stress cracks. Good thermal conductivity also enables the amount of heat absorbed by the tool to be removed from the tool via the surface or with the aid of a cooling channel system.

Bei der Entwicklung thermisch beständiger und warmverschleißwiderstandsfähiger Warmarbeitswerkzeuge taucht das Problem auf, daß die verhältnismäßig gute Wärmeleitfähigkeit des reinen Eisens mit steigendem Legierungsgehalt rasch abnimmt. Damit weisen gerade die hochlegierten und daher warmverschleißbeständigen Warmarbeitsstähle die geringsten Wärmeleitfähigkeitswerte auf. Der Konstrukteur steht daher vor der Entscheidung, einen Werkstoff mit hohem Verschleißwiderstand aber geringer Wärmeleitfähigkeit einsetzen zu müssen oder zugunsten einer besseren Wärmeleitfähigkeit auf höchsten Warmverschleißwiderstand zu verzichten.When developing thermally stable and heat-wear-resistant hot work tools, the problem arises that the relatively good thermal conductivity of pure iron increases with increasing Alloy content decreases rapidly. This means that the high-alloy and therefore wear-resistant hot working steels have the lowest thermal conductivity values. The designer is therefore faced with the decision to use a material with high wear resistance but low thermal conductivity or to forego the highest thermal wear resistance in favor of better thermal conductivity.

in der Praxis bedeutet dies, daß für Aluminiumdruckgießformen vorwiegend die Warmarbeitsstähle mit 5 % Cr, z.B. der Stahl X 38 CrMoV 5 1, Werkstoff-Nr. 1.2343 mit (in Masse-%) 0,36 bis 0,42 % C, 0,90 bis 1,20 % Si, 0,30 bis 0,50 % Mn, 4,8 bis 5,5 % Cr, 1,1 bis 1,4 % Mo, und 0,25 bis 0,50 % V eingesetzt werden. Diese Stähle weisen aufgrund ihrer abgestimmten Legierungsgehalte an Chrom, Molybdän und Vanadium bereits einen guten Warmverschleißwiderstand auf, sind aber noch nicht so hoch legiert, daß die Wärmeleitfähigkeit wesentlich vermindert wird. Für Gesenke in schnellaufenden wassergekühlten Schmiedepressen werden dagegen Stähle mit einem auf 3 % abgesenkten Chromgehalt, z.B. der Stahl X 32 Cr MoV 3 3, Werkstoff-Nr. 1.2365 mit (in Masse-%) 0,28 bis 0,35 % C, 0,10 bis 0,40 % Si, 0,15 bis 0,45 % Mn, 2,7 bis 3,2 % Cr, 2,6 bis 3,5 % Mo und 0,40 bis 0,70 % V eingesetzt. Diese Stähle haben die höchste Wärmeleitfähigkeit.in practice this means that for aluminum die casting molds the hot working steels with 5% Cr, e.g. the steel X 38 CrMoV 5 1, material no. 1.2343 with (in mass%) 0.36 to 0.42% C, 0.90 to 1.20% Si, 0.30 to 0.50% Mn, 4.8 to 5.5% Cr, 1, 1 to 1.4% Mo, and 0.25 to 0.50% V can be used. Due to their coordinated alloy contents of chromium, molybdenum and vanadium, these steels already have good resistance to hot wear, but are not yet alloyed to such an extent that the thermal conductivity is significantly reduced. For dies in high-speed, water-cooled forging presses, on the other hand, steels with a chromium content reduced to 3%, e.g. the steel X 32 Cr MoV 3 3, material no. 1.2365 with (in mass%) 0.28 to 0.35% C, 0.10 to 0.40% Si, 0.15 to 0.45% Mn, 2.7 to 3.2% Cr, 2, 6 to 3.5% Mo and 0.40 to 0.70% V are used. These steels have the highest thermal conductivity.

Der Erfindung liegt nun die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Warmarbeitsstahl zu entwickeln, der neben ausreichender thermischer Beständigkeit und gutem Warmverschleißwiderstand eine bessere Wärmeleitfähigkeit aufweist als bekannte Warmarbeitsstähle.The invention is based on the object of developing a hot-working steel which, in addition to having sufficient thermal resistance and good resistance to hot wear, has better thermal conductivity than known hot-working steels.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß gelöst durch die Verwendung eines Stahls mit 0,30 bis 0,55 % C, weniger als 0,90 % Si, bis 1,0 % Mn, 2,0 bis 4,.0 % Cr. 3,5 bis 7,0 % Mo, 0,3 bis 1,5 % insgesamt eines oder mehrerer der Elemente Vanadium, Titan, Niob, 0,005 bis 0,1 % Al, Rest Eisen einschließlich unvermeidbarer Verunreinigungen, gelöst. Dieser Stahl hat im vergüteten Zustand zwischen 400 und 600 °C eine Zugfestigkeit von über 700 N/mm² und eine Wärmeleitfähigkeit von über 35 W/m.K.This object is achieved according to the invention by using a steel with 0.30 to 0.55% C, less than 0.90% Si, to 1.0% Mn, 2.0 to 4.0% Cr. 3.5 to 7.0% Mo, 0.3 to 1.5% in total one or more of the elements vanadium, titanium, niobium, 0.005 to 0.1% Al, balance iron including unavoidable impurities. This steel has a tensile strength of over 700 N / mm² and a thermal conductivity of over 35 W / m.K when tempered between 400 and 600 ° C.

Eine bevorzugte Zusammensetzung des erfindungsgemäß zu verwendenden Stahls besteht aus 0,4 bis 0,5 % C, 0,2 bis 0,4 % Si, 0,2 bis 0,4 % Mn, 2,8 bis 3,2 % Cr, 4,9 bis 5,1 % Mo, 0,9 bis 1,1 % V, 0,005 bis 0,025 % Al, Rest Eisen und erschmelzungsbedingte Verunreinigungen.A preferred composition of the steel to be used according to the invention consists of 0.4 to 0.5% C, 0.2 to 0.4% Si, 0.2 to 0.4% Mn, 2.8 to 3.2% Cr, 4.9 to 5.1% Mo, 0.9 to 1.1% V, 0.005 to 0.025% Al, balance iron and melting-related impurities.

Um die hohe Wärmeleitfähigkeit zu gewährleisten, muß der Stahl einen Molybdängehalt von 3,5 bis 7 % besitzen. Die Härtbarkeit wird durch Chromgehalte von mindestens 2 %, höchstens jedoch 4 %, gewährleistet. Bei höheren Chromgehalten tritt eine nennenswerte Verringrung der Wärmeleitfähigkeit ein. Zur Gewährleistung eines hohen Verschleißwiderstandes sind Zusätze der Monocarbidbilder V, Nb oder Ti einzeln oder in Summe von mindestens 0,3 %, höchstens jedoch 1,5 %, erforderlich. Der Kohlenstoffgehalt ist mit 0,30 und 0,50 % auf den Gehalt an Monocarbidbildern abgestimmt.To ensure the high thermal conductivity, the steel must have a molybdenum content of 3.5 to 7%. The hardenability is guaranteed by chromium contents of at least 2%, but at most 4%. At higher chromium levels, there is a noticeable reduction in thermal conductivity. To ensure high wear resistance, additions of the monocarbide images V, Nb or Ti individually or in total of at least 0.3%, but at most 1.5%, are required. The carbon content is matched to the content of monocarbide images with 0.30 and 0.50%.

Die Vergütung erfolgt durch Härten bevorzugt im Bereich von 1000 bis 1100 °C und durch nachfolgendes Anlassen im Bereich von 600 bis 650 °C für 1 bis 2 h. Die günstigsten Härtebedingungen wurden im Bereich von 1050 bis 1075 °C 15 min/Wasser ermittelt. Die Anlaßbeständigkeit ist gut.The hardening and tempering is preferably carried out in the range from 1000 to 1100 ° C and by subsequent tempering in the range from 600 to 650 ° C for 1 to 2 h. The most favorable hardening conditions were determined in the range from 1050 to 1075 ° C for 15 min / water. The temper resistance is good.

Ein innerhalb der beanspruchten Analysengrenzen erzeugter Stahl mit 0,46 % C, 0,21 % Si, 0,31 % Mn, 2,89 % Cr, 5,10 % Mo, 0,006 % Al und 0,91 % V, Rest Fe weist nach Fig. 1 eine höhere Wärmeleifähigkeit auf als alle bisher bekannten Warmarbeitstähle, z.B. die in der Stahleinsatzliste 201 des Vereins Deutscher Eisenhüttenleute von Oktober 1992 aufgeführten Stähle Werkstoff-Nrn. 1.2343 udn 1.2365. Im Temperaturbereich von 400 bis 600 °C liegt die Wärmeleitfähigkeit des erfindungsgemäß zu verwendenden Stahls deutlich oberhalb von 355 W/m.K, während die der zum Vergleich angeführten Stähle 1.2343 und 1.2365 deutlich darunter liegen.A steel produced within the claimed analysis limits with 0.46% C, 0.21% Si, 0.31% Mn, 2.89% Cr, 5.10% Mo, 0.006% Al and 0.91% V, balance Fe 1 has a higher thermal conductivity than all previously known hot working steels, for example the steels material numbers listed in the steel insert list 201 of the Association of German Ironworkers from October 1992. 1.2343 and 1.2365. In the temperature range from 400 to 600 ° C, the thermal conductivity of the steel to be used according to the invention is clearly above 355 W / m.K, while that of the steels 1.2343 and 1.2365 listed for comparison are significantly lower.

Ferner übertrifft der erfindungsgemäß zu verwendende Stahl wie Fig. 2 zeigt, die herkömmlichen Warmarbeitstähle auch in der Anlaßbeständigkeit. Die Härte liegt nach dem Anlassen auf 400 bis 600 °C über 55 HRC, bei den bekannten Vergleichsstählen aber deutlich niedriger.Furthermore, the steel to be used according to the invention, as shown in FIG. 2, surpasses the conventional hot-work steels also in tempering resistance. The hardness after tempering to 400 to 600 ° C is over 55 HRC, but significantly lower with the known comparative steels.

Auch die Warmfestigkeit ist gemäß Fig. 3 im genannten Temperaturbereich besser als die der Vergleichstähle und liegt bei 600 °C noch bei 800 N/mm² gegenüber 700 N/mm² für den Vergleichsstahl 1.2365 und 600 N/mm² bei dem Stahl 1.2343.3 in the temperature range mentioned is better than that of the comparative steels and at 600 ° C. is still 800 N / mm² compared to 700 N / mm² for the comparative steel 1.2365 and 600 N / mm² for the steel 1.2343.

Beim Einsatz als Werkstoff für Schmiedegesenke erwies sich der efindungsgemäß zu verwendende Stahl gegenüber den bisher verwendeten Stählen auch im Hinblick auf Verschleißwiderstand und Standzeit deutlich überlegen.When used as a material for forging dies, the steel to be used according to the invention proved to be significantly superior to the steels previously used in terms of wear resistance and service life.

Der Stahl kann auch als Werkstoff für Lochdorne wegen seiner guten Wärmeleitfähigkeit und seiner günstigen Zunderausbildung beim Lochen hochlegierter Chromstähle erfolgreich eingesetzt werden.The steel can also be used successfully as a material for piercing mandrels due to its good thermal conductivity and its favorable scale formation when punching high-alloy chrome steels.

Claims (2)

Verwendung eines Warmarbeitsstahls, der im vergüteten Zustand im Temperaturbereich von 400 bis 600 °C eine Zugfestigkeit von über 700 N/mm² hat, bestehend aus
   0,30 bis 0,55 % C
   weniger als 0,90 % Si bis 1,0 % Mn
   2,0 bis 4,0 % Cr
   3,5 bis 7,0 % Mo
   0,3 bis 1,5 % insgesamt eines oder mehrerer der Elemente Vanadium, Titan, Niob,
   0,005 bis 0,1 % Al
   Rest Eisen, einschließlich unvermeidbarer Verunreinigungen.
als Werkstoff für Warmarbeitswerkzeuge, die eine Wärmeleitfähigkeit von über 35 W/m.K aufweisen müssen.Use of a hot-work steel which, when tempered, has a tensile strength of over 700 N / mm² in the temperature range from 400 to 600 ° C, consisting of
0.30 to 0.55% C
less than 0.90% Si to 1.0% Mn
2.0 to 4.0% Cr
3.5 to 7.0% Mo
0.3 to 1.5% in total of one or more of the elements vanadium, titanium, niobium,
0.005 to 0.1% Al
Balance iron, including inevitable impurities.
as a material for hot work tools that must have a thermal conductivity of over 35 W / mK. Verwendung eines Stahls nach Anspruch 1, jedoch mit
   0,4 bis 0,5 % C
   0,1 bis 0,4 % Si
   0,2 bis 0,4 % Mn
   2,8 bis 3,2 % Cr
   4,9 bis 5,1 % Mo
   0,9 bis 1,1 % V
   0,005 bis 0,025 % Al
   Rest Eisen und erschmelzungsbedingte Verunreinigungen, für den Zweck nach Anspruch 1.Use of a steel according to claim 1, but with
0.4 to 0.5% C
0.1 to 0.4% Si
0.2 to 0.4% Mn
2.8 to 3.2% Cr
4.9 to 5.1% Mo
0.9 to 1.1% V
0.005 to 0.025% Al
Balance iron and melting-related impurities, for the purpose of claim 1.
EP94108830A 1993-06-28 1994-06-09 Application of a hot working steel Expired - Lifetime EP0632139B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4321433 1993-06-28
DE4321433A DE4321433C1 (en) 1993-06-28 1993-06-28 Use of hot work steel

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Publication Number Publication Date
EP0632139A1 true EP0632139A1 (en) 1995-01-04
EP0632139B1 EP0632139B1 (en) 1997-08-13

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AT (1) ATE156865T1 (en)
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Cited By (6)

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US6773662B2 (en) 2001-10-03 2004-08-10 Böhler Edelstahl GmbH & Co KG Hot-working steel article
WO2007114781A1 (en) 2006-04-06 2007-10-11 Uddeholm Tooling Aktiebolag Hot-working steel
EP2236639A1 (en) * 2009-04-01 2010-10-06 Rovalma, S.A. Hot work tool steel with outstanding toughness and thermal conductivity
WO2011060516A1 (en) * 2009-11-17 2011-05-26 Villares Metals S/A Steel with high temper resistance
US8557056B2 (en) 2006-08-09 2013-10-15 Rovalma, S.A. Process for setting the thermal conductivity of a steel, tool steel, in particular hot-work steel, and steel object
EP2621653B1 (en) 2010-09-30 2015-09-09 Danieli & C. Officine Meccaniche SpA Shear for shearing rolled products and associated production process

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JP5744300B1 (en) * 2014-11-11 2015-07-08 日本高周波鋼業株式会社 Hot work tool steel
DE102016103283A1 (en) 2016-02-24 2017-08-24 Buderus Edelstahl Gmbh Method for producing a thermoforming tool and thermoforming tool thereof

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Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6773662B2 (en) 2001-10-03 2004-08-10 Böhler Edelstahl GmbH & Co KG Hot-working steel article
WO2007114781A1 (en) 2006-04-06 2007-10-11 Uddeholm Tooling Aktiebolag Hot-working steel
US8557056B2 (en) 2006-08-09 2013-10-15 Rovalma, S.A. Process for setting the thermal conductivity of a steel, tool steel, in particular hot-work steel, and steel object
EP3228724A1 (en) 2006-08-09 2017-10-11 Rovalma, S.A. Method for setting the thermal conductivity of a steel, tool steel, in particular hot-work steel, and steel object
EP2236639A1 (en) * 2009-04-01 2010-10-06 Rovalma, S.A. Hot work tool steel with outstanding toughness and thermal conductivity
WO2010112319A1 (en) * 2009-04-01 2010-10-07 Rovalma, S.A. Hot work tool steel with outstanding toughness and thermal conductivity
EP2492366A1 (en) * 2009-04-01 2012-08-29 Rovalma, S.A. Hot work tool steel with outstanding toughness and thermal conductivity
US8663550B2 (en) 2009-04-01 2014-03-04 Rovalma, S.A. Hot work tool steel with outstanding toughness and thermal conductivity
WO2011060516A1 (en) * 2009-11-17 2011-05-26 Villares Metals S/A Steel with high temper resistance
CN102884215A (en) * 2009-11-17 2013-01-16 维拉雷斯金属股份公司 Steel with high temper resistance
EP2621653B1 (en) 2010-09-30 2015-09-09 Danieli & C. Officine Meccaniche SpA Shear for shearing rolled products and associated production process

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ATE156865T1 (en) 1997-08-15
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DE4321433C1 (en) 1994-12-08

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