EP0624920A2 - Elektrische Verbindung - Google Patents

Elektrische Verbindung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0624920A2
EP0624920A2 EP94303306A EP94303306A EP0624920A2 EP 0624920 A2 EP0624920 A2 EP 0624920A2 EP 94303306 A EP94303306 A EP 94303306A EP 94303306 A EP94303306 A EP 94303306A EP 0624920 A2 EP0624920 A2 EP 0624920A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
conductors
cable
article
sleeves
insulating
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP94303306A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0624920B1 (de
EP0624920A3 (de
Inventor
Keith Ridout
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Raychem Ltd
Original Assignee
Raychem Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Raychem Ltd filed Critical Raychem Ltd
Publication of EP0624920A2 publication Critical patent/EP0624920A2/de
Publication of EP0624920A3 publication Critical patent/EP0624920A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0624920B1 publication Critical patent/EP0624920B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/02—Details
    • H05B3/06—Heater elements structurally combined with coupling elements or holders
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R4/00—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation
    • H01R4/10—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation effected solely by twisting, wrapping, bending, crimping, or other permanent deformation
    • H01R4/18—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation effected solely by twisting, wrapping, bending, crimping, or other permanent deformation by crimping
    • H01R4/20—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation effected solely by twisting, wrapping, bending, crimping, or other permanent deformation by crimping using a crimping sleeve
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R4/00—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation
    • H01R4/70—Insulation of connections
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/40—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes
    • H05B3/54—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes flexible
    • H05B3/56—Heating cables

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a connection between electric cables, for example multi-conductor cables, a component for use in the connection, and a method of making the connection.
  • the invention is particularly, though not exclusively, useful for connecting heating cables, such as self-regulating heating cables.
  • outer layers such as protective jackets, earthing and/or screening layers, and dielectric layers are removed so as to expose the cable conductors.
  • Respective conductors are then electrically interconnected in a suitable manner, and insulation re-applied to complete the cable splice.
  • the exposed conductors may be encased within individual insulating sleeves, and the conductors crimped together. If insulated crimps are used, the primary insulation is then complete, and the outer layers may be reinstated appropriately. However, if uninsulated crimps are used for making the electrical connections, further care has to be taken to ensure that no short circuits can occur in the connection region.
  • the crimps may be individually insulated from one another, but this involves additional steps and the provision of additional components, and can lead to a bulky splice.
  • One solution to this problem is provided by the S-69 heat shrinkable splice joint supplied by Raychem.
  • the connections between respective conductors of the cables are arranged to be longitudinally offset from one another, such that, for example when joining together two dual-conductor cables, the uninsulated crimp of one pair of connected conductors is longitudinally adjacent an insulating sleeve of another pair of connected conductors and separated from the uninsulated crimp therebetween. In this way, a compact, low-profile splice can be obtained.
  • two shorter length insulating sleeves and two longer length insulating sleeves are needed, the difference in length of the sleeves being at least equal to the length of the crimp, and usually being about twice the length of the crimp.
  • the offset of the two crimps is achieved by cutting back the two conductors of each cable to unequal lengths, as determined by the lengths of the supplied insulating sleeves, and then crimping the longer conductor of one cable to the shorter conductor of the other cable.
  • the insulating sleeves are correctly positioned on the corresponding lengths of stripped conductors, a properly insulated splice is obtained.
  • the invention accordingly broadly provides an article, preferably an integral article, comprising two sleeves of electrically insulating material, the sleeves being of appreciably different lengths from one another, and being retained together by one, or more, insulating component, advantageously of low profile such as a sheet or web, such that the sleeves may only be pushed in a single orientation on to two parallel conductors of a cable.
  • an article for insulating two elongate electrical conductors comprising two tubular sleeves of electrically insulating material of appreciably different lengths, and a securing portion that holds the sleeves together, preferably being integral therewith and for example being moulded, wherein the securing portion comprises or defines a flexible sheet which can be flexed into a plane that extends substantially parallel to or through a plane containing the axes of the tubular sleeves.
  • the sleeves are considered to be of "appreciably" different lengths if the difference is at least equal to the length of a connecting member, for example a crimp, to be associated therewith for connecting the electrical conductor of one cable to that of another.
  • a connecting member for example a crimp
  • the difference in length should exceed such a minimum value in order to ensure good insulation between adjacent conductors and so to prevent a short circuit therebetween.
  • the ratio of the sleeve lengths would be at least about 1.5:1, preferably about 2.0:1, and most preferably about 2.5:1, although it may exceed the latter value.
  • the shortest length connection, or splice, region is preferred, in order to minimise the lengths of cable that have to be cut back, but a minimum length is necessary, when using uninsulated connection members, in order not only to avoid direct short circuit contact but also in order to avoid any longitudinally tracking, the formation of electrically conductive paths, flow of creepage current, or arcing between adjacent conductors.
  • the securing portion does not extend beyond one end of each of the sleeves.
  • one edge of the securing portion is coplanar with one end of each of the sleeves.
  • the securing portion serves to keep the two insulating sleeves together, thereby facilitating correct positioning of the two sleeves to ensure that in the final joint the entire lengths of the conductors beyond the electrical connecting members, such as crimps, are insulated.
  • securing portion extending between the insulating sleeves in a plane as defined, not only provides some rigidity for the article as a whole by retaining the sleeves fixed to one another, but also allows a splice to be achieved that is of low profile.
  • a securing portion extending in a plane transverse to that defined would increase the transverse dimension of the splice region.
  • securing portion some flexibility is advantageous in the securing portion, to the extent that the lateral separation of the two sleeves, extending substantially parallel to each other, can be varied, within limits, in order to accommodate differences in separation of the conductors, which may be relatively rigid, in a multi-conductor cable, for example.
  • Articles, such as the heat-shrinkable tube of Figure 5 of GB-1454838, which do not have such a securing portion, but which merely have two sleeves projecting from the base of a larger sleeve, are used for a different purpose - in GB-1454838 for example, such an article, commonly referred to as a breakout, is used to insulate otherwise uninsulated wires and to seal the region where they emerge from a cable.
  • a low profile splice is particularly advantageous when the cable is a heating cable, and especially a flat (as opposed to round) cable.
  • thermal insulation is applied around the outside, and its extension in a direction away from. i.e. laterally of, the substrate is to be minimised.
  • the article may be made of any suitable electrically insulating material, especially polymeric material, and including, for use at a higher temperature, with a heating cable for example, high temperature-resistant electrically insulating material such as VITON (trademark).
  • each sleeve merely needs to be the minimum size large enough so as easily to receive its associated conductor.
  • the conductors are then cut back to leave substantially equal lengths exposed beyond the end of each sleeve.
  • the provision of an integral article, the securing portion for example being formed as a web integral with and extending between the two sleeves at one end thereof, ensures that the correct length of insulating sleeving is applied to each conductor. Having cut back both cables in this manner, and having applied one such article to each cable, simultaneously covering both conductors of each cable, there is very little or no likelihood that any length of conductor would subsequently be left exposed to form a short circuit.
  • the flexibility of the securing portion allows the article to be used with cables having relatively rigid conductors of different separations. It will thus be appreciated that the securing portion need not necessarily at all times lie in one plane, let along a plane containing or parallel with the axes of the sleeve - its flexibility merely allows such an orientation to be achieved. Furthermore, the securing portion need not cover the full surface of a plane or sheet, but could, for example, comprise two elongate pieces spaced apart and extending between the insulating sleeves generally transverse to the axes thereof such that the elongate pieces and the sleeve axes are capable of forming such a plane.
  • the article may comprise three, or more, tubular sleeves, which may be secured by one or more securing portion, for use in splicing cables having three, or more, conductors.
  • each sleeve of the article may be of an appreciably different length from each of the other.
  • the article of the invention finds particular, though not exclusive, application for use with uninsulated connecting members, such as crimps, and especially, though not exclusively, for use with heating cables, for example self-regulating cables.
  • heating cables are available from the Chemelex Division of Raychem Corporation, under the tradename AUTOTRACE for example.
  • insulated crimps for example, are readily commercially available, no suitable crimp is available that is not only mechanically strong enough to withstand the force of a crimping tool but also resistant to operational temperatures of around 200°C.
  • kits of parts for connecting two conductors of one cable to respective ones of two conductors of another cable comprising (i) a pair of electrically insulating articles, each of which comprises two tubular sleeves of appreciably different lengths held together by a securing portion, and (ii) two electrical connecting members for connecting the respective conductors together.
  • Each insulating article of the kit may comprise an article in accordance with the said one aspect of the invention.
  • the lengths of the shorter of the two tubular sleeves are substantially the same, the lengths of the longer of the two tubular sleeves are substantially the same, and the lengths of the two connecting members are substantially the same.
  • the length of a shorter sleeve plus the length of a connecting member is less than the length of a longer sleeve.
  • connection between two electric cables each of which has two conductors wherein (i) the conductors of each cable have been stripped of insulation and cut back to appreciably different lengths; (ii) the longer conductor of each cable has been connected to the shorter conductor of the other cable; and (iii) the stripped portions of the two conductors of each cable have been substantially completely reinsulated by respective integral articles, each of which comprises (a) two tubular portions of appreciably different lengths disposed over respective conductors of the cable, and (b) a securing portion that holds the tubular portions together.
  • connection may employ the article or kit of the other aspects of the invention.
  • outer layers of insulation and/or sealing materials can then be applied to complete the splice. This may conveniently be achieved by the use of one or more layers of heat-shrinkable sleeves, employing an adhesive coating where desired. At this stage, any earthing and/or screening layers of the cables may also be interconnected across the splice region.
  • the insulating article of the invention advantageously is not heat-shrinkable, since the significant and variable longitudinal shrinkage that occurs with heat-shrinkable sleeves of high-temperature-resistant material, which can range from 0 to about 20% of its un-recovered length, would mean that complete insulation of the conductors could not be assured. However, in applications where sleevings having consistent, very little, or no longitudinal shrinkage can be employed, then it is envisaged that the article could be made heat-shrinkable.
  • the article 2 consists of two tubular sleeve portions 4, 6 that are interconnected at one end by a small sheet or web 8.
  • the article 2 is moulded as an integral component using electrically insulating material, such as VITON, which also has a high temperature resistance.
  • the sleeve portion 4 is appreciably longer than the sleeve portion 6, so as to offset longitudinally the connections between electrical conductors, as described below.
  • sleeve 4 is about 55mm in length and sleeve 6 about 20mm in length.
  • the interconnected web 8 is substantially planar, and is flexible so as to allow the separation between the two substantially parallel sleeve portions 4, 5 to be varied to accommodate, within limits, the separation of the electrical conductors of the cables to be connected, which conductors may be relatively rigid.
  • the web 8 extends between the sleeve portions 4, 6 at one end thereof such that the sleeves 4, 6 extend substantially parallel to each other with the web 8, when pulled taut into a plane, being substantially co-planar with the axes of the sleeves.
  • the low profile of the web 8 is such that it does not extend beyond the outer circumferences of the sleeves 4, 6 in a direction perpendicular to the said plane.
  • FIG. 2 shows two substantially identical electrical CHEMELEX AUTOTRACE (Trademarks) self-regulating heater cables 10, 12 of substantially rectangular cross-section.
  • Each cable 10, 12 comprises an outer insulating and protection jacket 14 that encloses an earthing copper braid 16, and inner insulation 18 that encloses a pair of stranded copper conductors 20, 22 in side-by-side relationship separated by a polymer 24 that gives the heater cable its self-regulating ability.
  • the polymer 24 is electrically conductive and serves as the heating element of the cable, being supplied with electric power by the conductors 20, 22 ; above the transition temperature, the polymer 24 becomes highly resistive and so turns off the heating effect, and is thus self-regulating in order to prevent overheating.
  • the heater cable may be of a different configuration, for example such that the conductors may be spaced apart by an electrically insulating component, and the conductive polymer, or other, heating element may be in the form of one or more fibres wrapped around the insulating component and around both conductors.
  • Each cable 10, 12 is prepared for connection to the other by cutting back the outer jacket 14 to expose the braid 16, which is then pulled back along the inner insulation 18.
  • the insulation 18 and conductive polymer 24 are cut back so as to leave exposed the pair of uninsulated conductors 20, 22.
  • One of the insulating articles 2 is pushed over the pair of conductors of each cable 10, 12, with the conductors 20, 22 extending through the sleeve portions 4, 6, until the interconnecting web 8 and the adjacent sleeve portion ends abut the polymer 24 and insulation 18 of the respective cable.
  • each crimp 26 is about 17mm, which is approximately half the difference in length of the insulating sleeves 4,6.
  • Each of the four conductors 20, 22 is cut back so as to leave exposed beyond its respective enclosing sleeve portion 4, 6 a length equal to substantially half the length of the crimp 26.
  • each cable 10 is identically terminated, with an equal length of a longer conductor 20 exposed beyond the end of the longer sleeve portion 4, and an equal length of a shorter conductor 22 exposed beyond the end of the shorter sleeve portion 6.
  • the cables 10, 12 together therefore, they necessarily have to be juxtaposed with the longer conductor 20 of one cable aligned with the shorter conductor 22 of the other cable.
  • the major portion of the length of each conductor 20, 22 is safely insulated within a respective sleeve portion 4, 6 of an insulating component 2.
  • the crimps 26 are positioned over the ends of the aligned conductors 20, 22 of respective cables and secured in place. It is to be noted that the length of the longer sleeve portion 4 of the insulating component 2 appreciably exceeds the length of the shorter sleeve portion 6 by more than the length of the crimp, thereby to ensure that the crimps, which are uninsulated, are safely longitudinally offset from each other in the splice region.
  • the crimps 26 are of relatively thin wall thickness, such that they do not extend radially beyond the sleeve portions 4, 6 of the insulating components 2. In this way, a low profile is obtained in the splice region.
  • the splice region is finally re-insulated and the earthing connection made between the two cables as follows.
  • three heat-shrinkable tubular sleeves, made of VITON were loosely positioned, or parked, over one of the cables.
  • the sleeves are shown schematically in Figure 2 in position over the splice region before being recovered into conformity therewith.
  • a first, inner, one 30 of the sleeves that has an adhesive liner is now moved over the splice region, and is of a length such that it extends completely over the two insulating components 2 and crimps 26, and locates between the cut back insulations 18 of the two cables 10, 12.
  • Heat is applied to recover the sleeve 30, thereby to insulate the crimps 26 and to seal around the crimps 26 and components 2.
  • the braids 16 of the cables are then pulled back over the splice region (from the position shown in Figure 2) and caused to overlap on the outside of the sleeve 30.
  • a strip (not shown) of high temperature solder is coiled around the overlap of the braids 16, and a second, short, heat-shrinkable sleeve 34 is moved along the spliced cables so as to enclose the solder. Heat is then applied to the sleeve 34 to cause it to recover and to melt the solder so as electrically to connect the two cable braids 16.
  • outer insulation of the braids 16 and environmental protection of the splice region is achieved by sliding the third, outermost, heat-shrinkable sleeve 36, which has an adhesive liner, from its parked position so as completely to enclose the splice region.
  • the sleeve 36 is heated to cause it to shrink and to seal on to the outer jackets 14 of the two cables 10, 12.
  • the cables to be connected together have three, or more, conductors, then an additional one, or more, sleeve portion would be provided by the insulating component of the invention.
  • One, or more, additional further securing portion may be provided between each pair of sleeve portions, or only between two, or more, pairs, to ensure that the cables can be connected together only in an orientation such that no part of the conductors are left exposed for forming a short circuit, and such that the crimps, or other connecting members, cannot form a short circuit.

Landscapes

  • Cable Accessories (AREA)
  • Contacts (AREA)
  • Details Of Connecting Devices For Male And Female Coupling (AREA)
  • Connections Effected By Soldering, Adhesion, Or Permanent Deformation (AREA)
  • Coupling Device And Connection With Printed Circuit (AREA)
  • Multi-Conductor Connections (AREA)
EP94303306A 1993-05-12 1994-05-09 Elektrische Verbindung Expired - Lifetime EP0624920B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9309816 1993-05-12
GB939309816A GB9309816D0 (en) 1993-05-12 1993-05-12 Electrical connection

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0624920A2 true EP0624920A2 (de) 1994-11-17
EP0624920A3 EP0624920A3 (de) 1995-11-02
EP0624920B1 EP0624920B1 (de) 1998-09-02

Family

ID=10735367

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP94303306A Expired - Lifetime EP0624920B1 (de) 1993-05-12 1994-05-09 Elektrische Verbindung

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0624920B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE170673T1 (de)
DE (1) DE69412899T2 (de)
GB (1) GB9309816D0 (de)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7277628B2 (en) 2002-05-10 2007-10-02 Goodrich Corporation Heater for aircraft potable water tank
EP3866285A1 (de) * 2020-02-14 2021-08-18 nVent Services GmbH Vorrichtungen und verfahren zum installieren von werkzeugen zur verwendung mit spleisskits

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB708320A (en) * 1952-03-24 1954-05-05 British Insulated Callenders Improvements in and relating to sealing terminations for electric cables
US3609616A (en) * 1969-11-18 1971-09-28 Amp Inc Bobbin assembly
GB1308358A (en) * 1970-10-13 1973-02-21 Sigmaform Corp Heat-shrinkable insulator
GB1454838A (en) * 1973-05-10 1976-11-03 Sumitomo Electric Industries Heat-shrinkable tubing
FR2451116A1 (fr) * 1979-03-09 1980-10-03 Raychem Pontoise Sa Articles a reprise thermique utiles pour les connexions electriques et procede de connexion
GB2148613A (en) * 1983-10-25 1985-05-30 Isopad Ltd Electrical heating tapes
US4840578A (en) * 1986-10-30 1989-06-20 Hirose Electric Co., Ltd. Electrical contact
EP0533563A1 (de) * 1991-09-18 1993-03-24 Filotex Verbindung zwischen einem Hauptkabel und einem Abzweigkabel und Messungskabel mit solcher Verbindung

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB708320A (en) * 1952-03-24 1954-05-05 British Insulated Callenders Improvements in and relating to sealing terminations for electric cables
US3609616A (en) * 1969-11-18 1971-09-28 Amp Inc Bobbin assembly
GB1308358A (en) * 1970-10-13 1973-02-21 Sigmaform Corp Heat-shrinkable insulator
GB1454838A (en) * 1973-05-10 1976-11-03 Sumitomo Electric Industries Heat-shrinkable tubing
FR2451116A1 (fr) * 1979-03-09 1980-10-03 Raychem Pontoise Sa Articles a reprise thermique utiles pour les connexions electriques et procede de connexion
GB2148613A (en) * 1983-10-25 1985-05-30 Isopad Ltd Electrical heating tapes
US4840578A (en) * 1986-10-30 1989-06-20 Hirose Electric Co., Ltd. Electrical contact
EP0533563A1 (de) * 1991-09-18 1993-03-24 Filotex Verbindung zwischen einem Hauptkabel und einem Abzweigkabel und Messungskabel mit solcher Verbindung

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7277628B2 (en) 2002-05-10 2007-10-02 Goodrich Corporation Heater for aircraft potable water tank
EP1367859A3 (de) * 2002-05-10 2007-10-17 Goodrich Corporation Heizer für Flugzeugstrinkwassertank
EP3866285A1 (de) * 2020-02-14 2021-08-18 nVent Services GmbH Vorrichtungen und verfahren zum installieren von werkzeugen zur verwendung mit spleisskits

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB9309816D0 (en) 1993-06-23
DE69412899D1 (de) 1998-10-08
EP0624920B1 (de) 1998-09-02
DE69412899T2 (de) 1999-05-12
ATE170673T1 (de) 1998-09-15
EP0624920A3 (de) 1995-11-02

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