EP0623780B1 - Converging lens for vehicle headlamp - Google Patents
Converging lens for vehicle headlamp Download PDFInfo
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- EP0623780B1 EP0623780B1 EP94890077A EP94890077A EP0623780B1 EP 0623780 B1 EP0623780 B1 EP 0623780B1 EP 94890077 A EP94890077 A EP 94890077A EP 94890077 A EP94890077 A EP 94890077A EP 0623780 B1 EP0623780 B1 EP 0623780B1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- light
- optical axis
- lens
- projection lens
- horizontal plane
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
- F21S41/00—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps
- F21S41/20—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by refractors, transparent cover plates, light guides or filters
- F21S41/25—Projection lenses
- F21S41/27—Thick lenses
Definitions
- the invention relates to a vehicle headlight projection lens for generating a low beam pattern, in which the convex emission surface of the lens has different imaging sections, an upper section lying above the horizontal plane through the optical axis and a lower section lying below this horizontal plane being provided.
- Such a projection lens is shown in DE-OS 36 02 262 for a headlight for low beam or fog light, which has an aperture covering the lower section of the reflector, the upper edge of which produces the light / dark boundary.
- the projection lens according to the invention of the type mentioned at the outset is not limited to such a headlight construction and is characterized in particular by the fact that at least two lower sections are provided, one of which has an upper boundary that rises above the horizontal plane towards the lateral lens edge, or one that differs continuously imaging surface (open area) is provided.
- the rising upper boundary can preferably be arranged on one side of the vertical plane through the optical axis; it can touch the horizontal plane at a point which is the point of intersection of a horizontal beam with the emitting surface, which extends from the point of intersection of the optical axis with the incident surface of the lens facing the light source at an angle to the optical axis.
- the angle between the horizontal beam and the optical axis is expediently between ⁇ 5 °.
- the curvatures of the radiation surface in the vertical section through the lens from the horizontal plane through the optical axis can be to the respective Lens edge be flatter.
- the length of the lens contour in the upper lens section can be greater than in the lower lens section.
- the curvatures of the radiation surface in the lower section can be a mirror image with respect to the horizontal plane through the optical axis with respect to the curvatures in the upper section.
- the lower section with increasing horizontal upper boundary is formed by rotating the horizontal section through the horizontal beam by 15 °, which is defined by the intersection curve of the vertical plane running through the horizontal beam with the radiation surface, the intersection curve of the horizontal plane through the optical axis with the radiation surface and the lens edge , a transition gusset with a running curvature being provided between the twisted section and the remaining lower section.
- the incident surface of the lens can be provided at right angles to the optical axis.
- the incident surface can be provided, preferably as a rectangle, for coupling to an optical fiber bundle.
- the lower boundary of the light irradiation surface can be arranged in the horizontal plane through the optical axis.
- the lens body can extend essentially in the shape of a truncated pyramid or in the shape of a truncated cone from the irradiation surface to the radiation surface.
- FIG. 1 shows an axonometric oblique bottom view
- FIG. 2 shows a bottom view
- FIG. 3 shows an end view (view of the radiation surface)
- FIG. 4 shows a side view
- 5 a vertical section through the optical axis
- FIG. 6 a vertical section through the optical axis with beam path and Represent radiation imaging on a vertical plane 25 m in front of the lens with respect to a projection lens according to the invention.
- the convex radiation surface of the lens 1 has an upper and three lower sections.
- the upper section is delimited by the lens edge 2 and the lines A and B, of which A lies in the horizontal plane through the optical axis 3 and B rises to the lens edge at 7.5 ° relative to the horizontal plane.
- a lower section is delimited by A, the lens edge 2 and the line C; this is followed by a transition gusset which is delimited by line C, lens edge 2 and line D, and a further section which is delimited by line D, lens edge 2 and line B.
- the lines A-D are not to be regarded as edges in the radiation area - although such an embodiment is possible - but as lines along which the curvature changes to the transition to the neighboring section.
- a rectangle 5 perpendicular to the optical axis is provided as the lens irradiation surface, which sits with its lower edge centrally (point P) on the horizontal plane through the optical axis 3 and to which an optical fiber bundle can be coupled.
- the light exit band 6 of the optical fiber bundle is - as indicated - vertically displaceable for the headlight range adjustment, which can take place by relative displacement between the light source and the light entry surface of the optical fiber bundle.
- the line C and point 4 come about by cutting a vertical plane 7 through the point P, which is the point of intersection of the optical axis with the light entry surface 5 of the lens 1, with the emission surface of the lens.
- the vertical plane 7 is inclined to the vertical plane through the optical axis 3 by approximately 3 to 5 °. From Fig. 3 it can be seen that line C is a curve on the radiation surface of the lens.
- the imaginary section delimited by the line C, the lens edge 2 and the horizontal plane 8 by the optical axis 3 becomes the formation the so-called gusset with asymmetrical low beam is pivoted upward by 15 ° around the connecting line P4 as a pivot axis, as a result of which CD and the pivoted imaginary section, together with the upper section symmetrical with respect to the horizontal plane 8, form a surface intersection line B which is inclined by 7.5 ° to the horizontal plane .
- the surface curvatures are chosen to pass smoothly.
- the contour 0 of the upper half of the radiation surface is longer in vertical section than its lower contour U, i.e. the distance between the intersection of the optical axis with the radiation surface and the upper lens edge is greater than that between this intersection and the lower lens edge.
- the beam path in the central vertical plane is drawn from a light entry surface with the height h, provided that the light guide bundle does not transmit parallel light, but is fed by a point light source, so that edge rays emerge at an angle to the optical axis.
- the vertical section it is a condition that the upper and lower half of the radiation surface produce sharp images in the horizontal plane through the optical axis; fuzzy images below this result automatically.
- These images P and P ' are shown on a vertical projection wall 10 25 m in front of the lens 1.
- the contour of the lower half of the radiation in FIGS. 4-6 is essentially symmetrical to the horizontal plane through the optical axis.
- the curvature of the radiation surface is calculated iteratively approximately, with the points of the curve in relation to the optical axis being the condition in the central vertical section n.sin ⁇ sin ⁇ This condition applies to light rays starting from the edge of the light band facing the horizontal plane through the optical axis and ending in the horizontal plane at a distance of 25 m from the lens (or 5 m for the table).
- the angle of incidence ⁇ and ⁇ included with the tangent normal of the respective surface point is the corresponding departure angle, taking into account that the transition from the solder to the optically denser / optically thinner, ie ⁇ > ⁇ .
- the coordinates were determined on the basis of a lens length (distance between the irradiation surface and the intersection of the optical axis with the emission surface) of 90 mm and a lens height of 70 mm.
- the lens height results from the numerical aperture of the light guide or the maximum opening angle of the light cone in the lens material, starting from the boundary of the incident surface; here about 55 °.
- z is the coordinate of the respective point on the optical axis and y the distance of this point from the optical axis, each in mm.
- the vertical cut contours are particularly important; the horizontal cut contours are not critical and can e.g. Be circular sections with flattened edge areas; this is regulated by the width of the desired light pattern and the required central illuminance.
- the projection lens according to the invention does not have to be provided for irradiation via an optical fiber bundle; usual light sources / reflector combinations can also be provided.
- the rear irradiation surface of the lens is designed accordingly.
- the projection lens with a flat irradiation surface shown in Figs. 1-4 can e.g. can be used very well with a light source with an ellipsoid reflector.
- a relative displacement between the light source and the light entry surface of the optical fiber bundle enables the light exit band on the light entry surface of the lens to be shifted for the headlight range adjustment.
- This is particularly effective if the light guide transmits light bundled in parallel, since a sharp light band limitation can then be achieved in the optical fiber bundle.
- the displacement of the light band across the cross section of the optical fiber bundle is particularly easy to implement in an arrangement in which at least one light source in the form of a flash lamp is moved past the inlet openings of successive optical fiber bundles.
- the time of flash firing is the control factor for determining the position of the light band in the entry surface of the projection lens and thus the lighting range.
- the light band limitation can also depend on the light exit surface of the light entry surface of the Optical fiber bundle passed reflector (eg 5 x 10 mm) and the gap between them (eg 0.1 mm) because the edge blur of the light band also decreases with a decreasing gap.
- the light band limitation can be adjusted according to static criteria (inclination of the optical axis to the horizontal due to vehicle load) and / or dynamic criteria (compensation for uneven roads), as well as depending on the light emitted by oncoming vehicles.
- a film stack is preferred for the lens construction shown, the films of which lie on the light entry surface 5 of the lens 1 parallel to the horizontal plane 8 through the optical axis 3 and preferably have a thickness of 0.2 mm.
- an at least one-dimensional strip order can be achieved in the light guide bundle, with different orders also being able to be provided within the individual strips.
- the smallest possible angular resolution of the light exit angle of the light guide bundle is aimed for with a sharp light / dark edge, the angular resolution preferably not being constant over the bundle cross section. It is also preferred that the illuminance distribution over the bundle cross section is not constant.
- the light entry surface of the lens is shown in the figures as rectangular and at right angles to the optical axis, it can be different in shape - e.g. be adapted to the light exit surface of light guide bundles of any cross section.
- the projection lens according to the invention is furthermore not limited to feeding via optical fiber bundles; in particular not the solid lens of uniform cross section shown in the figures, which can also be illuminated using incandescent lamps / reflector combinations.
- the light entry surface of the lens can be at an angle to the optical axis, e.g.
- the light incident surface of the projection lens can also be particularly preferably a curved surface in order to achieve the greatest possible image sharpness.
- the outer surfaces of the projection lens according to the invention - of course with the exception of the irradiation surface and the radiation surface - can be opaque to increase the light output, especially coated white.
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Fahrzeugscheinwerferprojektionslinse zur Erzeugung eines Abblendlichtmusters, bei der die konvexe Abstrahlfläche der Linse unterschiedlich abbildende Abschnitte aufweist, wobei ein oberhalb der Horizontalebene durch die optische Achse liegender oberer Abschnitt und ein unterhalb dieser Horizontalebene liegender unterer Abschnitt vorgesehen ist.The invention relates to a vehicle headlight projection lens for generating a low beam pattern, in which the convex emission surface of the lens has different imaging sections, an upper section lying above the horizontal plane through the optical axis and a lower section lying below this horizontal plane being provided.
Eine derartige Projektionslinse ist in der DE-OS 36 02 262 für einen Scheinwerfer für Abblendlicht oder Nebellicht gezeigt, der eine den unteren Abschnitt des Reflektors abdeckende Blende, deren Oberkante die Hell/Dunkelgrenze erzeugt, aufweist.Such a projection lens is shown in DE-OS 36 02 262 for a headlight for low beam or fog light, which has an aperture covering the lower section of the reflector, the upper edge of which produces the light / dark boundary.
Demgegenüber ist die erfindungsgemäße Projektionslinse der eingangs genannten Art nicht auf eine derartige Scheinwerferkonstruktion beschränkt und vor allem dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zumindest zwei untere Abschnitte vorgesehen sind, von denen einer eine über die Horizontalebene zum seitlichen Linsenrand hin ansteigende obere Begrenzung aufweist, bzw. eine kontinuierlich verschieden abbildende Oberfläche (Freifläche) vorgesehen ist.In contrast, the projection lens according to the invention of the type mentioned at the outset is not limited to such a headlight construction and is characterized in particular by the fact that at least two lower sections are provided, one of which has an upper boundary that rises above the horizontal plane towards the lateral lens edge, or one that differs continuously imaging surface (open area) is provided.
Weitere vorteilhafte Ausbildungen der erfindungsgemäßen Projektionslinse, die einzeln oder in Kombination verwirklicht sein können, sind die folgenden:Further advantageous embodiments of the projection lens according to the invention, which can be implemented individually or in combination, are the following:
Es kann die ansteigende obere Begrenzung vorzugsweise einseitig der Vertikalebene durch die optische Achse angeordnet sein; sie kann die Horizontalebene in einem Punkt berühren, der der Schnittpunkt eines vom Schnittpunkt der optischen Achse mit der der Lichtquelle zugewandten Einstrahlfläche der Linse unter einem Winkel zur optischen Achse verlaufenden Horizontalstrahls mit der Abstrahlfläche ist.The rising upper boundary can preferably be arranged on one side of the vertical plane through the optical axis; it can touch the horizontal plane at a point which is the point of intersection of a horizontal beam with the emitting surface, which extends from the point of intersection of the optical axis with the incident surface of the lens facing the light source at an angle to the optical axis.
Zweckmäßig liegt der Winkel zwischen Horizontalstrahl und optischer Achse zwischen ±5°.The angle between the horizontal beam and the optical axis is expediently between ± 5 °.
Die Krümmungen der Abstrahlfläche im Vertikalschnitt durch die Linse von der Horizontalebene durch die optische Achse können zum jeweiligen Linsenrand hin flacher ausgebildet sein.The curvatures of the radiation surface in the vertical section through the lens from the horizontal plane through the optical axis can be to the respective Lens edge be flatter.
Die Länge der Linsenkontur im oberen Linsenabschnitt kann größer als im unteren Linsenabschnitt sein.The length of the lens contour in the upper lens section can be greater than in the lower lens section.
Die Krümmungen der Abstrahlfläche im unteren Abschnitt können ein Spiegelbild gegenüber der Horizontalebene durch die optische Achse bezüglich der Krümmungen im oberen Abschnitt sein.The curvatures of the radiation surface in the lower section can be a mirror image with respect to the horizontal plane through the optical axis with respect to the curvatures in the upper section.
Der untere Abschnitt mit ansteigender horizontaler oberer Begrenzung ist durch Verdrehen des durch die Schnittkurve der durch den Horizontalstrahl verlaufenden Vertikalebene mit der Abstrahlfläche, die Schnittkurve der Horizontalebene durch die optische Achse mit der Abstrahlfläche und den Linsenrand aufgespannten gedachten unteren Abschnitts um den Horizontalstrahl um 15° gebildet, wobei zwischen dem verdrehten Abschnitt und dem verbleibenden unteren Abschnitt ein Übergangszwickel mit verlaufender Krümmung vorgesehen ist.The lower section with increasing horizontal upper boundary is formed by rotating the horizontal section through the horizontal beam by 15 °, which is defined by the intersection curve of the vertical plane running through the horizontal beam with the radiation surface, the intersection curve of the horizontal plane through the optical axis with the radiation surface and the lens edge , a transition gusset with a running curvature being provided between the twisted section and the remaining lower section.
Die Einstrahlfläche der Linse kann ebenflächig im rechten Winkel zur optischen Achse vorgesehen sein.The incident surface of the lens can be provided at right angles to the optical axis.
Die Einstrahlfläche kann, vorzugsweise als Rechteck, zur Kopplung an ein Lichtleiterbündel vorgesehen sein.The incident surface can be provided, preferably as a rectangle, for coupling to an optical fiber bundle.
Die untere Begrenzung der Lichteinstrahlfläche kann in der Horizontalebene durch die optische Achse angeordnet sein.The lower boundary of the light irradiation surface can be arranged in the horizontal plane through the optical axis.
Weiters kann sich der Linsenkörper im wesentlichen pyramidenstumpfförmig oder kegelstumpfförmig von der Einstrahlfläche zur Abstrahlfläche erstrecken.Furthermore, the lens body can extend essentially in the shape of a truncated pyramid or in the shape of a truncated cone from the irradiation surface to the radiation surface.
Die Erfindung wird im folgenden anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels unter Bezugnahme auf die Zeichnung näher erläutert, in der Fig. 1 eine axonometrische Schräguntersicht, Fig. 2 eine Untersicht, Fig. 3 eine Stirnansicht (Blick auf die Abstrahlfläche), Fig. 4 eine Seitenansicht, Fig. 5 einen Vertikalschnitt durch die optische Achse und Fig. 6 einen Vertikalschnitt durch die optische Achse mit Strahlengang und Strahlenabbildung auf einer in 25 m vor der Linse befindlichen Vertikalebene bezüglich einer erfindungsgemäßen Projektionslinse darstellen.The invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of an exemplary embodiment with reference to the drawing, in which FIG. 1 shows an axonometric oblique bottom view, FIG. 2 shows a bottom view, FIG. 3 shows an end view (view of the radiation surface), FIG. 4 shows a side view, 5 a vertical section through the optical axis and FIG. 6 a vertical section through the optical axis with beam path and Represent radiation imaging on a vertical plane 25 m in front of the lens with respect to a projection lens according to the invention.
Aus Fig. 1 erkennt man, daß die konvexe Abstrahlfläche der Linse 1 einen oberen und drei untere Abschnitte aufweist. Der obere Abschnitt wird begrenzt durch den Linsenrand 2 und die Linien A und B, von denen A in der Horizontalebene durch die optische Achse 3 liegt und B zum Linsenrand hin unter 7,5° gegenüber der Horizontalebene ansteigt. Ein unterer Abschnitt wird durch A, den Linsenrand 2 und die Linie C begrenzt; darauf folgt ein Übergangszwickel, der von der Linie C, dem Linsenrand 2 und der Linie D begrenzt wird, sowie ein weiterer Abschnitt, der von der Linie D, dem Linsenrand 2 und der Linie B begrenzt wird. Die Linien A-D sind dabei nicht als Kanten in der Abstrahlfläche aufzufassen - obwohl eine derartige Ausführung möglich ist -, sondern als Linien, entlang deren sich die Krümmungsverläufe zum Übergang in den Nachbarabschnitt ändern.From Fig. 1 it can be seen that the convex radiation surface of the
Die Linien A-D berühren einander im Punkt 4, dessen Bedeutung im folgenden erläutert werden wird.The lines A-D touch each other in
Als Linseneinstrahlfläche ist ein zur optischen Achse senkrechtes Rechteck 5 vorgesehen, das mit seiner Unterkante zentral (Punkt P) auf der Horizontalebene durch die optische Achse 3 aufsitzt und an dem ein Lichtleitfaserbündel ankoppelbar ist. Das Lichtaustrittsband 6 des nicht dargestellten Lichtleitfaserbündels ist - wie angedeutet - zur Leuchtweitenverstellung vertikal verschiebbar, was durch Relativverlagerung zwischen Lichtquelle und Lichteintrittsfläche des Lichtleitfaserbündels erfolgen kann.A
In der Untersicht nach Fig. 2 kommen die Linie C und Punkt 4 durch Schneiden einer Vertikalebene 7 durch den Punkt P, der der Schnittpunkt der optischen Achse mit der Lichteintrittsfläche 5 der Linse 1 ist, mit der Abstrahlfläche der Linse zustande. Die Vertikalebene 7 ist zur Vertikalebene durch die optische Achse 3 um etwa 3 bis 5° geneigt. Aus Fig. 3 erkennt man, daß Linie C eine Kurve an der Abstrahlfläche der Linse ist. Der durch die Linie C, den Linsenrand 2 und die Horizontalebene 8 durch die optische Achse 3 begrenzte gedachte Abschnitt wird zur Bildung des sogenannten Zwickels bei asymmetrischem Abblendlicht um die Verbindungslinie P4 als Schwenkachse um 15° nach oben verschwenkt, wodurch C D und der verschwenkte gedachte Abschnitt mit dem bezüglich der Horizontalebene 8 symmetrischen oberen Abschnitt eine Oberflächenverschneidungslinie B bildet, die um 7,5° zur Horizontalebene geneigt ist. Im verbleibenden, durch C, den Linsenrand 2 und D begrenzten Zwickel werden die Oberflächenkrümmungen gleichmäßig übergehend gewählt.In the bottom view according to FIG. 2, the line C and
Aus den Fig. 4 bis 6 erkennt man, daß die Kontur 0 der oberen Hälfte der Abstrahlfläche im Vertikalschnitt länger ist als deren untere Kontur U, d.h. die Distanz zwischen dem Schnittpunkt der optischen Achse mit der Abstrahlfläche und dem oberen Linsenrand größer ist als die zwischen diesem Schnittpunkt und dem unteren Linsenrand.4 to 6 that the contour 0 of the upper half of the radiation surface is longer in vertical section than its lower contour U, i.e. the distance between the intersection of the optical axis with the radiation surface and the upper lens edge is greater than that between this intersection and the lower lens edge.
In Fig. 6 ist der Strahlengang in der zentralen Vertikalebene ausgehend von einer Lichteintrittsfläche mit der Höhe h eingezeichnet unter der Voraussetzung, daß das Lichtleiterbündel kein Parallellicht weiterleitet, sondern von einer punktförmigen Lichtquelle gespeist wird, so daß Randstrahlen im Winkel zur optischen Achse austreten. Im Vertikalschnitt ist Bedingung, daß die obere und untere Hälfte der Abstrahlfläche scharfe Abbildungen in der Horizontalebene durch die optische Achse erzeugen; unscharfe Abbildungen unterhalb davon ergeben sich automatisch. Diese Abbildungen P und P' sind an einer senkrechten Projektionswand 10 25 m vor der Linse 1 dargestellt.In Fig. 6, the beam path in the central vertical plane is drawn from a light entry surface with the height h, provided that the light guide bundle does not transmit parallel light, but is fed by a point light source, so that edge rays emerge at an angle to the optical axis. In the vertical section it is a condition that the upper and lower half of the radiation surface produce sharp images in the horizontal plane through the optical axis; fuzzy images below this result automatically. These images P and P 'are shown on a
Die Kontur der unteren Abstrahlhälfte ist in den Fig. 4-6 im wesentlichen symmetrisch zur Horizontalebene durch die optische Achse.The contour of the lower half of the radiation in FIGS. 4-6 is essentially symmetrical to the horizontal plane through the optical axis.
Die Krümmung der Abstrahlfläche wird rechnerisch iterativ annähernd ermittelt, wobei im zentralen Vertikalschnitt die Punkte der Kurve, bezogen auf die optische Achse, die Bedingung 
Dabei ist n der Brechungsindex des Linsenmaterials (hier wurde n=1,49 angenommen), ist der mit der Tangentennormalen des jeweiligen Oberflächenpunkts eingeschlossene Auftreffwinkel α und β der entsprechende Abgangswinkel, wobei berücksichtigt wurde, daß beim Übergang optisch dichter/optisch dünner vom Lot gebrochen wird, also β > α.Here n is the refractive index of the lens material (here n = 1.49 assumed), the angle of incidence α and β included with the tangent normal of the respective surface point is the corresponding departure angle, taking into account that the transition from the solder to the optically denser / optically thinner, ie β> α.
Die Koordinaten wurden auf Basis einer Linsenlänge (Distanz zwischen Einstrahlfläche und Schnittpunkt der optischen Achse mit der Abstrahlfläche) von 90 mm und einer Linsenhöhe von 70 mm ermittelt. Die Linsenhöhe ergibt sich aus der numerischen Apertur des Lichtleiters bzw. dem maximalen Öffnungswinkel des Lichtkegels im Linsenmaterial ausgehend von der Berandung der Einstrahlfläche; hier ca. 55°.The coordinates were determined on the basis of a lens length (distance between the irradiation surface and the intersection of the optical axis with the emission surface) of 90 mm and a lens height of 70 mm. The lens height results from the numerical aperture of the light guide or the maximum opening angle of the light cone in the lens material, starting from the boundary of the incident surface; here about 55 °.
In der folgenden Tabelle ist z die Koordinate des jeweiligen Punkts auf der optischen Achse und y die Distanz dieses Punkts von der optischen Achse, jeweils in mm angegeben.
Bei Projektionslinsen zur Erzeugung von Abblendlicht kommt es vor allem auf die Vertikalschnittkonturen an, die Horizontalschnittkonturen sind nicht kritisch und können z.B. Kreisabschnitte mit abgeflachten Randbereichen sein; dies regelt sich nach der Breite des gewünschten Lichtmusters und der erforderlichen zentralen Beleuchtungsstärke.In the case of projection lenses for producing low beam, the vertical cut contours are particularly important; the horizontal cut contours are not critical and can e.g. Be circular sections with flattened edge areas; this is regulated by the width of the desired light pattern and the required central illuminance.
Die erfindungsgemäße Projektionslinse muß nicht zur Bestrahlung über ein Lichtleitfaserbündel vorgesehen sein; es können auch übliche Lichtquellen/Reflektorkombinationen vorgesehen werden. Dementsprechend wird die rückwärtige Einstrahlfläche der Linse gestaltet. Die in den Fig. 1-4 dargestellte Projektionslinse mit ebener Einstrahlfläche kann z.B. sehr gut mit einer Lichtquelle mit Ellipsoidreflektor eingesetzt werden.The projection lens according to the invention does not have to be provided for irradiation via an optical fiber bundle; usual light sources / reflector combinations can also be provided. The rear irradiation surface of the lens is designed accordingly. The projection lens with a flat irradiation surface shown in Figs. 1-4 can e.g. can be used very well with a light source with an ellipsoid reflector.
Wie in Zusammenhang mit Fig. 1 bereits erwähnt, ist durch Relativverlagerung zwischen Lichtquelle und Lichteintrittsfläche des Lichtleitfaserbündels eine Verschiebung des Lichtaustrittsbandes an der Lichteintrittsfläche der Linse zur Leuchtweitenverstellung möglich. Dies ist besonders wirkungsvoll, wenn der Lichtleiter parallel gebündeltes Licht fortleitet, da dann eine scharfe Lichtbandbegrenzung im Lichtleitfaserbündel erzielbar ist. Die Verschiebung des Lichtbandes über den Querschnitt des Lichtleiterbündels ist besonders einfach realisierbar bei einer Anordnung, bei der mindestens eine Lichtquelle in Form einer Blitzlampe an Eintrittsöffnungen aufeinanderfolgender Lichtleitfaserbündel vorbeibewegt wird. In diesem Fall ist der Zeitpunkt der Blitzabfeuerung der Steuerfaktor zur Festlegung der Lage des Lichtbandes in der Eintrittsfläche der Projektionslinse und mithin der Leuchtweite. Die Lichtbandbegrenzung kann weiterhin in Abhängigkeit von der Lichtaustrittsfläche des an der Lichteintrittsfläche des Lichtleitfaserbündels vorbeigeführten Reflektors (z.B. 5 x 10 mm) und dem Spalt dazwischen (z.B. 0,1 mm) erfolgen, da die Randunschärfe des Lichtbands mit abnehmendem Spalt ebenfalls abnimmt.As already mentioned in connection with FIG. 1, a relative displacement between the light source and the light entry surface of the optical fiber bundle enables the light exit band on the light entry surface of the lens to be shifted for the headlight range adjustment. This is particularly effective if the light guide transmits light bundled in parallel, since a sharp light band limitation can then be achieved in the optical fiber bundle. The displacement of the light band across the cross section of the optical fiber bundle is particularly easy to implement in an arrangement in which at least one light source in the form of a flash lamp is moved past the inlet openings of successive optical fiber bundles. In this case, the time of flash firing is the control factor for determining the position of the light band in the entry surface of the projection lens and thus the lighting range. The light band limitation can also depend on the light exit surface of the light entry surface of the Optical fiber bundle passed reflector (eg 5 x 10 mm) and the gap between them (eg 0.1 mm) because the edge blur of the light band also decreases with a decreasing gap.
Die Lichtbandbegrenzung kann nach statischen Kriterien (Neigung der optischen Achse zur Horizontalen infolge Fahrzeugbelastung) und/oder dynamischen Kriterien (Ausgleich von Straßenunebenheiten) abgestimmt werden, sowie gegebenenfalls in Abhängigkeit von durch entgegenkommende Fahrzeuge ausgesandtem Licht.The light band limitation can be adjusted according to static criteria (inclination of the optical axis to the horizontal due to vehicle load) and / or dynamic criteria (compensation for uneven roads), as well as depending on the light emitted by oncoming vehicles.
Es ist verständlich, daß - Bezug nehmend auf Fig. 1 und Fig. 6 - die Leuchtweite umso geringer wird, je weiter entfernt das Lichtband 6 der Linseneintrittsfläche 5 der Linse 1 von der Horizontalebene 8 durch die optische Achse 3 ist, d.h. je weiter es in der oberen Linsenhälfte liegt.It is understandable that - with reference to FIGS. 1 and 6 - the further the
Es gibt Lichtleitfaserbündel in mannigfaltigen Ausführungsformen, was den Querschnitt der sie aufbauenden Fasern betrifft. Für die dargestellte Linsenkonstruktion wird ein Folienstapel bevorzugt, dessen Folien an der Lichteintrittsfläche 5 der Linse 1 parallel zur Horizontalebene 8 durch die optische Achse 3 liegen und vorzugsweise eine Dicke von 0,2 mm haben.There are various types of optical fiber bundles in terms of the cross section of the fibers that make them up. A film stack is preferred for the lens construction shown, the films of which lie on the
Z.B. kann auf diese Weise eine mindestens eindimensionale Streifenordnung im Lichtleiterbündel erzielt werden, wobei auch innerhalb der einzelnen Streifen unterschiedliche Ordnung vorgesehen werden kann. Generell wird die kleinstmögliche Winkelauflösung der Lichtaustrittswinkel des Lichtleiterbündels angestrebt mit scharfem Hell/Dunkelrand, wobei die Winkelauflösung vorzugsweise über den Bündelquerschnitt nicht konstant ist. Ebenso wird bevorzugt, daß die Beleuchtungsstärkeverteilung über den Bündelquerschnitt nicht konstant ist.E.g. In this way, an at least one-dimensional strip order can be achieved in the light guide bundle, with different orders also being able to be provided within the individual strips. In general, the smallest possible angular resolution of the light exit angle of the light guide bundle is aimed for with a sharp light / dark edge, the angular resolution preferably not being constant over the bundle cross section. It is also preferred that the illuminance distribution over the bundle cross section is not constant.
Es ist bekannt, daß eine Direktkopplung von Lichtleitfaserbündeln untereinander und mit Linsenoberflächen die Reflexionsverluste erhöht; es wird daher vorgezogen, die Kopplungsstellen mit einem selbstvernetzenden Harz, das später wieder abziehbar ist, zusammenzufügen. Hiefür eignen sich z.B. ein Elastomer bildende Silikonkautschuke. Es werden Kopplungen mit großen Brechungsindexübergängen bevorzugt.It is known that direct coupling of optical fiber bundles with one another and with lens surfaces increases the reflection losses; it is therefore preferred to join the coupling points with a self-crosslinking resin that can be removed later. Silicone rubbers that form an elastomer are suitable for this. Couplings with large refractive index transitions are preferred.
Weiter besteht die Möglichkeit, die Lichtintensitätsverteilung im Lichtband 6 zu variieren; des erfolgt durch gezielte Verwendung von entsprechend geformten Reflektoren, die das Licht von der Lichtquelle in das Lichtleitfaserbündel projizieren.There is also the possibility of varying the light intensity distribution in the
Während die Lichteintrittsfläche der Linse in den Figuren rechteckig und im rechten Winkel zur optischen Achse verlaufend dargestellt ist, kann sie der Form nach anders sein - z.B. der Lichtaustrittsfläche von Lichtleiterbündeln beliebigen Querschnitts angepaßt sein -. Die erfindungsgemäße Projektionslinse ist weiters nicht auf Speisung über Lichtleiterbündel beschränkt; insbesondere nicht die in den Figuren dargestellte Massivlinse einheitlichen Querschnitts, die auch über Glühlampen/Reflektorkombinationen beleuchtbar ist. Weiterhin kann die Lichteintrittsfläche der Linse im Winkel zur optischen Achse stehen, z.B. bei Flachscheinwerfern, bei denen der ganze Lichtstrom durch Brechung umgelenkt werden muß und bei denen dann die Lichteinstrahlfläche der Projektionslinse bis zu etwa 25° zur optischen Achse stehen kann. Die Lichteinstrahlfläche der Projektionslinse kann zur Erzielung größtmöglicher Abbildungsschärfe auch besonders bevorzugt eine gekrümmte Fläche sein.While the light entry surface of the lens is shown in the figures as rectangular and at right angles to the optical axis, it can be different in shape - e.g. be adapted to the light exit surface of light guide bundles of any cross section. The projection lens according to the invention is furthermore not limited to feeding via optical fiber bundles; in particular not the solid lens of uniform cross section shown in the figures, which can also be illuminated using incandescent lamps / reflector combinations. Furthermore, the light entry surface of the lens can be at an angle to the optical axis, e.g. in the case of flat headlights in which the entire luminous flux has to be deflected by refraction and in which the light irradiation surface of the projection lens can then be up to about 25 ° to the optical axis. The light incident surface of the projection lens can also be particularly preferably a curved surface in order to achieve the greatest possible image sharpness.
Die Außenflächen der erfindungsgemäßen Projektionslinse - natürlich mit Ausnahme der Einstrahlfläche und der Abstrahlfläche - können zur Erhöhung der Lichtausbeute lichtundurchlässig beschichtet sein, vor allem weiß lackiert werden.The outer surfaces of the projection lens according to the invention - of course with the exception of the irradiation surface and the radiation surface - can be opaque to increase the light output, especially coated white.
Claims (11)
- A vehicle headlight projection lens for creating a low beam pattern, wherein the convex light-emitting surface of the lens has portions of different image-forming characteristics, provision being made for an upper portion located above the horizontal plane through the optical axis and a lower portion located below this horizontal plane, characterized in that at least two lower portions are provided, one of which has an upper boundary ascending above said horizontal plane (8) towards the lateral edge of the lens, and/or that a surface with steadily varied image-forming characteristics (so-called complex surface or computer-calculated surface) is provided.
- The projection lens according to claim 1, characterized in that the ascending upper boundary (B), preferably located on one side of the vertical plane through the optical axis, contacts the horizontal plane in a point (4), which is the intersection of a horizontal ray (7) with the light-emitting surface, said horizontal ray running from the intersection (P) of said optical axis (3) with the light-receiving surface (5) of the lens, facing towards the source of light at an angle with regard to said optical axis.
- The projection lens according to claim 2, characterized in that the angle between horizontal ray (7) and optical axis (3) is between ± 5°.
- The projection lens according to any of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the curvatures of the light-emitting surface in vertical section through lens (1) become less arcuate from horizontal plane (7) through optical axis (3) towards the respective edge of the lens.
- The projection lens according to claim 4, characterized in that the length of the lens contour is longer in the upper lens portion than in the lower lens portion.
- The projection lens according to any of claims 4 to 5, characterized in that the curvatures of the light-emitting surface in the lower portion form a mirror image with regard to the horizontal plane (8) through the optical axis (3) of the curvatures in the upper portion.
- The projection lens according to any of claims 2 to 6, characterized in that the lower portion having the ascending upper boundary (8) is formed by pivoting the imaginary lower portion confined by the intersection curve (C) of the vertical plane running through the horizontal beam (7) with the light-emitting surface, the intersection curve of the horizontal plane (8) through the optical axis (3) with the radiating surface, and the lens edge (2), by 15° around horizontal beam (7), a transition wedge zone of approximation curvature being provided between said pivoted portion and the remaining lower portion.
- The projection lens according to any of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the light-receiving surface (5) of lens (1) is plane and at right angles to the optical axis (3).
- The projection lens according to claim 8, characterized in that the light-receiving surface (5) is provided as a rectangle for coupling to a bundle of light-transporting elements.
- The projection lens according to claim 9, characterized in that the lower boundary of the light-receiving surface is located in the horizontal plane (8) through the optical axis (3).
- The projection lens according to any of claims 9 or 10, characterized in that the lens body extends from the light-receiving surface (5) to the light-emitting surface substantially in the form of a truncated pyramid or of a truncated cone.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT0085593A AT400887B (en) | 1993-05-03 | 1993-05-03 | VEHICLE LIGHT PROJECTION LENS |
| AT855/93 | 1993-05-03 |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0623780A2 EP0623780A2 (en) | 1994-11-09 |
| EP0623780A3 EP0623780A3 (en) | 1995-01-25 |
| EP0623780B1 true EP0623780B1 (en) | 1996-11-06 |
Family
ID=3501352
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP94890077A Expired - Lifetime EP0623780B1 (en) | 1993-05-03 | 1994-05-02 | Converging lens for vehicle headlamp |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0623780B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | AT400887B (en) |
| DE (1) | DE59400981D1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2094038T3 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8123388B2 (en) | 2008-12-25 | 2012-02-28 | Ichikoh Industries, Ltd. | Vehicle headlamp |
Families Citing this family (22)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP3521441B2 (en) * | 1993-06-16 | 2004-04-19 | 株式会社デンソー | Lighting equipment for vehicles |
| JPH07159897A (en) * | 1993-12-07 | 1995-06-23 | Nippondenso Co Ltd | Light source device |
| JPH07326204A (en) * | 1994-05-31 | 1995-12-12 | Nippondenso Co Ltd | Vehicle lighting fixture |
| JP3337560B2 (en) * | 1994-07-21 | 2002-10-21 | 株式会社デンソー | Lighting equipment for vehicles |
| JPH08138408A (en) * | 1994-11-11 | 1996-05-31 | Nippondenso Co Ltd | Headlight for vehicle |
| JPH08195103A (en) * | 1994-11-15 | 1996-07-30 | Nippondenso Co Ltd | Lamp tool device for vehicle |
| JPH08167301A (en) * | 1994-12-12 | 1996-06-25 | Nippondenso Co Ltd | Headlamp for vehicle |
| JPH08175259A (en) * | 1994-12-21 | 1996-07-09 | Nippondenso Co Ltd | Headlight for vehicle |
| JPH08203303A (en) * | 1995-01-31 | 1996-08-09 | Nippondenso Co Ltd | Lighting fixture device |
| EP0762809A3 (en) * | 1995-09-12 | 1999-10-13 | Denso Corporation | Discharge lamp device |
| JP3455827B2 (en) * | 1995-10-18 | 2003-10-14 | 株式会社デンソー | Light distribution forming lens for vehicle headlamp |
| DE19811570C2 (en) * | 1998-03-17 | 2001-08-02 | Volkswagen Ag | Vehicle headlights with a housing and a lens for a glare-free signal image function |
| DE19813597A1 (en) * | 1998-03-27 | 1999-09-30 | Volkswagen Ag | Automobile headlamp using projection principle |
| DE19857439A1 (en) * | 1998-12-12 | 2000-06-15 | Hella Kg Hueck & Co | Headlights |
| DE102004043706B4 (en) * | 2004-09-09 | 2010-04-01 | Oec Ag | Optical system for a motor vehicle headlight, lighting unit for a motor vehicle headlight and motor vehicle headlight |
| JP2006210294A (en) * | 2005-01-31 | 2006-08-10 | Ichikoh Ind Ltd | Vehicular lighting fixture and vehicular headlight device |
| US7563008B2 (en) * | 2006-03-28 | 2009-07-21 | Visteon Global Technologies, Inc. | LED projector headlamps using single or multi-faceted lenses |
| DE102007018996A1 (en) * | 2007-04-21 | 2008-10-23 | Hella Kgaa Hueck & Co. | Headlamp for vehicles has a unit with a source of light containing a luminous element and a sold lens element fitted in front of the unit with a source of light in the direction of light radiation |
| JP5235502B2 (en) * | 2008-05-28 | 2013-07-10 | 株式会社小糸製作所 | Lighting fixtures for vehicles |
| FR2975462B1 (en) * | 2011-05-17 | 2013-05-17 | Valeo Vision | OPTICAL UNIT, IN PARTICULAR FOR MOTOR VEHICLE |
| FR2994246B1 (en) * | 2012-08-02 | 2019-03-15 | Valeo Vision | OPTICAL LENS FOR LIGHTING DEVICE, IN PARTICULAR OF A MOTOR VEHICLE |
| FR3002304A1 (en) * | 2013-02-21 | 2014-08-22 | Valeo Vision | LENS, IN PARTICULAR FOR AN OPTICAL UNIT |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3602262C2 (en) * | 1985-11-07 | 1995-05-11 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Refractor element for a motor vehicle headlight for low beam or fog light |
| AT396675B (en) * | 1985-12-04 | 1993-11-25 | Zizala Lichtsysteme Gmbh | VEHICLE LIGHT |
-
1993
- 1993-05-03 AT AT0085593A patent/AT400887B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1994
- 1994-05-02 ES ES94890077T patent/ES2094038T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-05-02 EP EP94890077A patent/EP0623780B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-05-02 DE DE59400981T patent/DE59400981D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8123388B2 (en) | 2008-12-25 | 2012-02-28 | Ichikoh Industries, Ltd. | Vehicle headlamp |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0623780A3 (en) | 1995-01-25 |
| ES2094038T3 (en) | 1997-01-01 |
| ATA85593A (en) | 1995-08-15 |
| EP0623780A2 (en) | 1994-11-09 |
| AT400887B (en) | 1996-04-25 |
| DE59400981D1 (en) | 1996-12-12 |
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