EP0623290B1 - Wiederaufbereitung von Celluloseestern aus Abfallprodukten die bei der Zigarettenherstellung entstehen - Google Patents

Wiederaufbereitung von Celluloseestern aus Abfallprodukten die bei der Zigarettenherstellung entstehen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0623290B1
EP0623290B1 EP94106550A EP94106550A EP0623290B1 EP 0623290 B1 EP0623290 B1 EP 0623290B1 EP 94106550 A EP94106550 A EP 94106550A EP 94106550 A EP94106550 A EP 94106550A EP 0623290 B1 EP0623290 B1 EP 0623290B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
water
cellulose ester
paper
waste
filter tips
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP94106550A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0623290A1 (de
Inventor
John B. Hopkins, Jr.
Howard T. Bradsher
David O. Kutscher
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Celanese Acetate LLC
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Hoechst Celanese Corp
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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
    • A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
    • A24D3/02—Manufacture of tobacco smoke filters
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24C—MACHINES FOR MAKING CIGARS OR CIGARETTES
    • A24C5/00—Making cigarettes; Making tipping materials for, or attaching filters or mouthpieces to, cigars or cigarettes
    • A24C5/36—Removing papers or other parts from defective cigarettes

Definitions

  • This invention is directed to recycling waste, particularly cellulose esters, generated during the manufacture of filtered cigarettes.
  • Fibrous cellulose esters are the commercially preferred media for filtration of smoke from filtered cigarettes. This commercial application consumes worldwide several hundred million pounds of cellulose acetate fiber per year. During the production of these filtered cigarettes, a certain percentage of them will not be brought to market, due to damage of goods, variation from specification, or other reasons. Those cigarette which are not sold are typically subjected to a reclamation process wherein the tobacco-laden portion of the cigarette is mechanically broken from the filter, and the tobacco is removed by shaking within a screening device. An example of this process is given in U.S. Patent No. 3,224,451.
  • ripper waste After reclamation of tobacco, several tens of millions of pounds of residual material, referred to as "ripper waste” in the industry, comprised of cellulose acetate (typically plasticized for example with glycerol triacetate), paper, residual tobacco, and often flavors and fragrances remain; this ripper waste is most generally disposed of as landfill, representing both a loss of natural resources and a burden on landfill capacity.
  • composition of ripper waste varies depending on the specifics of the cigarette products and the tobacco reclamation process employed. Typical composition ranges, by weight, of ripper waste are: a) cellulose acetate, 40-55%; b) plasticizer, 1-12%; c) paper, 25-45%; d) residual tobacco, 1-15%; e) adhesives, 2-3%; and f) flavors/fragrances, ⁇ 1%. Additional components, for example charcoal, may be found in these waste streams, depending on the specific cigarette product.
  • cellulose acetate is treated with a plasticizer which improves the mechanical performance of the finished filter.
  • the cellulose acetate may also be treated with flavorants, for example, menthol, and the cellulose acetate will absorb some levels of nicotine and other substances from the tobacco. If the cellulose acetate/plasticizer/flavors mixture is dissolved in a typical cellulose ester solvent, and reformed into a product, these extraneous substances will change both the mechanical and the sensory properties of the cellulose acetate, thereby reducing the overall quality of products manufactured with these recycled materials.
  • Extraction with conventional solvents can be used to remove the majority of undesirable contaminants from cellulose acetate. But, the extraction solvents then become an undesirable contaminant, and reduce the product quality. An additional difficulty introduced by use of such extraction solvents is that they can escape into the environment, necessitating costly preventative measures.
  • a process for recycling waste from the manufacture of filtered cigarettes comprises the steps of:
  • the cellulose ester polymer may the be dried, resolutioned, and processed into useful articles of commerce.
  • the present invention which is directed to a process for recycling the waste from the manufacture of filtered cigarettes, is set forth in greater detail below.
  • the waste stream from the manufacture of filtered cigarettes comprises generally tobacco, paper, and cellulose ester filter material.
  • This waste stream may be ripper waste, as discussed above, or may be the entire broken filtered cigarettes (the differences between the latter and the former being that the latter would have a greater tobacco content).
  • the cellulose ester filter material typically comprises a fibrous form of cellulose acetate, which is referred to in the industry as "TOW", and various contaminants, discussed below.
  • the cellulose ester filter material or polymer generally comprises cellulose acetate (acetyl value of ranging from 38% to 41%), but may also include other conventionally known or commercially available cellulose esters.
  • the cellulose acetate filters are typically contaminated with plasticizers, adhesives, and flavors/fragrance during the manufacture of both the filter tips and of the filtered cigarettes.
  • plasticizers include triacetin (also known as glycerol triacetate, or PZ), trimethylene glycol diacetate (also known as TEGDA), and mixtures thereof.
  • adhesives used in the manufacture of cigarettes include polyvinyl acetate (PVA), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), cellulose acetate, and mixtures thereof.
  • the flavors/fragrances may be absorbed by the filter material from the tobacco, for example, nicotine, or may be added, for example, menthol.
  • the cellulose ester polymer is removed from the waste stream.
  • the weight content of tobacco in the cellulose ester polymer, after the separation, should be less than 1% by weight.
  • Any conventional means may be used for separating the cellulose ester polymer from the waste stream. Examples of such methods include: manually separating tobacco and paper from the cellulose ester polymer; screening or sifting paper and tobacco from the cellulose ester polymer; and cycloning or elutriating the paper and tobacco from the cellulose ester polymer. Elutriation by air is the preferred method for separating the cellulose ester polymer from the waste stream.
  • the waste stream may be subjected to any conventional particle size reduction process.
  • particle size reduction processes facilitate separation as is known to those of ordinary skill in the art. Such processes include grinding, chopping, milling, and pelletizing.
  • the cellulose ester filter material will generally be encased, or wrapped in a paper plug wrap (or tipping paper), which is generally glued to itself or to the filter. Removal of this bound paper will be necessary to insure both the purity and the filterability of solutions of the recycled cellulose ester.
  • the cellulose ester filter material will also be generally contaminated by the tobacco flavorants/fragrances, adhesives, and plasticizers detailed above.
  • the removal of the tipping paper and of the contaminants contained in the cellulose ester filter material is accomplished in this invention, by a water washing process.
  • the combination of water and heat can result in the nearly complete removal of tipping paper from the cellulose ester.
  • the same washing process under the proper conditions, can result in the complete removal of plasticizers, adhesives, and flavors/fragrances within the limits of detection of analytical instruments routinely employed for chemical analyses.
  • the water used in the washing process may be between 10 and 100 °C.
  • the pH of the water may be between 4.0 and 8.0.
  • the water to cellulose ester ratio is between 0.85:1 and 200:1.
  • the addition of low levels (less than 1% by weight) of surfactants may be employed to improve the efficiency of the washing process.
  • steam, generally below 7.9 bar (100 psig) in pressure may be used in lieu of water, or in addition to water in the washing process of this invention.
  • Oxidizers such as peroxide or bleaches may be added to improve tip color and/or serve as a pretreatment to accelerate the breakage of the paper's hydrogen bonding, thus making the paper removal easier during the hot water wash process step.
  • the washing process maybe accomplished using any suitable device or container.
  • These devices include static baskets, rotary baskets, rotary tumblers, and screw or auger driven continuous washers.
  • Such washing devices are commercially available, and will be well known to those skilled in the art.
  • the conditions used during the washing process may be constant throughout the process, or may be varied by stages or cycles. Use of stages or cycles to vary conditions may be used to optimize the washing efficiency, while minimizing the consumption of energy and water.
  • cellulose ester polymer is washed with liquid water held between 15 and 55 °C in a multiple stage process.
  • the cellulose ester polymer may be dried using any commercially available drier suited for such polymers.
  • Any commercially available drier suited for such polymers.
  • Such equipment, and the processes for their operation, are well known to those skilled in the art.
  • the water washing process of this invention produces cellulose ester polymer of sufficiently good quality that it can be resolvated, filtered, and used as virgin polymer or with virgin polymer. However, if necessary, this recycled polymer could be subjected to further separation if residual tobacco or paper remain.
  • This example illustrates the separation of the waste stream, i.e. ripper waste, from a cigarette manufacturing operation.
  • the waste stream comprised, in major components, of tobacco, paper and filter tips (fibrous cellulose acetate).A total of 134kg (295 pounds) of this waste was separated into its three major components.
  • the final weight of each component stream is as follows: 30.1 kg (66.5 pounds) - tobacco; 29.4 kg (65 pounds) - paper; and 74.1 kg (163.5 pounds) - filter tips.
  • the separation was accomplished by means of air elutriation.
  • a commercially available elutriator Sterling Model 1608EL from Sterling Blower Company of Lynchburg, VA, was used. It was operated with air at 1524 m/min (5000 feet per minute) flow rate.
  • the waste product with tobacco and paper removed for example in the manner set forth in Example 1, consisted substantially of filter tips from cigarettes.
  • the tipping paper which surrounds the cellulose acetate filter media, and the contaminants contained in the cellulose acetate, were removed via a water washing technique.
  • the filter tip waste prior to water washing, was analyzed to quantify contaminant levels.
  • the amount of plasticizer glycerol triacetate was measured at 7.59% by weight.
  • the samples were observed to possess a strong tobacco odor and taste.
  • Water washing of cellulose acetate filter tips was accomplished by flowing water through a basket constructed of 316-stainless steel plate containing 3.18 mm (0.125 inch) circular perforations. Samples of 50-100 grams of filter tip waste were weighed and placed on the basket. Water 5-10 liters per minute, and heated to 65 °C, was flowed over the filters for 10-20 minutes. At the completion of the water washing, the cellulose acetate (now >99 % free of paper, as measured by dissolution in acetone and gravimetric analysis) was oven dried at for 24 hours. After water washing, and drying, the samples, when analyzed, showed no trace of plasticizer (detection limit of the instrument was 0.0001%) and no trace of the odor nor the taste present in the feedstock.
  • Example 2 The water washing/drying procedure set forth on Example 2 was repeated, except the wash water was heated to 95 °C before flowing into the washing basket. After water washing and drying, the samples, when analyzed, showed no trace of plasticizer and no trace of the odor nor the taste present in the feedstock.
  • Example 2 The washing/drying procedure set forth in Example 2 was repeated, substituting a steam autoclave for the washing basket. Filter waste tips (50 grams) were washed with 5.4 kg (12pounds) steam for 10 minutes. After washing and drying,the samples,when analyzed, showed no trace of plasticizer and no trace of the odor nor the taste present in the feedstock.
  • Cellulose acetate, reclaimed using the water washing process set forth in Example 5 was combined with virgin cellulose acetate, dissolved in acetone to produce a 26.8% solution containing 80%/20% virgin:recycled cellulose acetate. This solution was then filtered through a nominal 12 ⁇ m filter, and spun into a 0.22 - 0.39 Tex (2.0-3.5 denier) per filament fiber on a dry spinning machine. From the resultant filament, cigarette filters were fashioned. Samples of the 80/20 virgin/recycle filters and of 100% virgin cellulose acetate filters were assembled with commercially available tobacco columns to produce cigarettes.

Landscapes

  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Manufacturing Of Cigar And Cigarette Tobacco (AREA)
  • Cigarettes, Filters, And Manufacturing Of Filters (AREA)
  • Polysaccharides And Polysaccharide Derivatives (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Verfahren zur Wiederverwertung des Abfalls der Filterzigaretten-Herstellung, umfassend die Stufen:
    des Bereitstellens eines Abfallstroms der Filterzigaretten-Herstellung, wobei der Abfallstrom Tabak, ein Celluloseester-Polymer umfassende Filterspitzen und Papier einschließt;
    des Abtrennens der Filterspitzen vom Abfallstrom; und
    des Waschens der Filterspitzen mit Wasser, um das gesamte Papier zu entfernen, das an die Filterspitzen gebunden ist, und alle Verunreinigungen aus dem Celluloseester-Polymer zu entfernen, worin das Verhältnis von Wasser zu Celluloseester-Polymer zwischen 0,85:1 und 200:1 liegt.
  2. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 1, worin das Abtrennen durch Luftwäsche erfolgt.
  3. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 1, worin während des Abtrennens der Tabakgehalt in den Filterspitzen auf wenigstens 1 Gew.-% reduziert wird.
  4. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 1, das weiterhin die Stufe der Reduzierung der Teilchengröße des Abfallstroms umfaßt.
  5. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 1, worin das Wasser eine Temperatur zwischen 10 und 100 °C aufweist.
  6. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 1, worin das Wasser einen pH zwischen 4,0 und 8,0 hat.
  7. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 1, das weiterhin die Stufe der Zugabe von weniger als 1,0 Gew.-% eines Tensids während des Waschens umfaßt.
  8. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 1, worin das Wasser Dampf mit einem Arbeitsdruck von bis zu 7,9 bar (100 psig) ist.
  9. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 1, worin ein Teil des Wassers eine Temperatur zwischen 10 und 100 °C aufweist, und ein Teil des Wassers Dampf mit einem Arbeitsdruck von bis zu 7,9 bar (100 psig) ist.
  10. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 1, worin das Wasser ein Oxidationsmittel einschließt.
  11. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 1, das weiterhin die Stufe der Vorbehandlung der Filterspitzen mit einem Oxidationsmittel nach der Abtrennung von dem Abfallstrom umfaßt.
  12. Verfahren zur Wiederverwertung von Filterspitzen von Filterzigaretten, umfassend die Stufen:
    des Bereitstellens eines Abfallstroms von Filterspitzen und Papier, wobei die Filterspitzen Celluloseester-Poly mer umfassen; und
    des Waschens der Filterspitzen mit Wasser, um das gesamte Papier zu entfernen, das an die Filterspitzen gebunden ist, und alle Verunreinigungen aus den Celluloseester-Polymeren zu entfernen, worin das Verhältnis von Wasser zu Celluloseester-Polymer zwischen 0,85:1 und 200:1 liegt.
EP94106550A 1993-04-30 1994-04-27 Wiederaufbereitung von Celluloseestern aus Abfallprodukten die bei der Zigarettenherstellung entstehen Expired - Lifetime EP0623290B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US5622893A 1993-04-30 1993-04-30
US56228 1993-04-30
US20996594A 1994-03-18 1994-03-18
US209965 1994-03-18

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0623290A1 EP0623290A1 (de) 1994-11-09
EP0623290B1 true EP0623290B1 (de) 1998-07-01

Family

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP94106550A Expired - Lifetime EP0623290B1 (de) 1993-04-30 1994-04-27 Wiederaufbereitung von Celluloseestern aus Abfallprodukten die bei der Zigarettenherstellung entstehen

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0623290B1 (de)
JP (1) JP3537488B2 (de)
CN (1) CN1044774C (de)
AT (1) ATE167785T1 (de)
DE (1) DE69411323T2 (de)

Families Citing this family (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5662773A (en) * 1995-01-19 1997-09-02 Eastman Chemical Company Process for preparation of cellulose acetate filters for use in paper making
CN101337230B (zh) * 2008-04-16 2010-06-02 徐州华正机电设备有限公司 残次烟嘴处理回收工艺
CN101497705B (zh) * 2009-02-24 2011-09-14 合肥烟草工贸总公司 废聚丙烯丝束嘴棒下脚料中聚丙烯回收方法
CN101575421B (zh) * 2009-06-24 2012-11-21 合肥工业大学 一种废聚丙烯丝束嘴棒下脚料中聚丙烯回收的方法
IT1407849B1 (it) * 2010-03-23 2014-05-16 Matteri Fabio Tt S R L Procedimento per il riclaggio mozziconi di sigarette e simili
IT201700074199A1 (it) * 2017-07-03 2019-01-03 Univ Degli Studi Niccolò Cusano Telematica Roma Procedimento per la produzione di nicotina a partire da rifiuti urbani e relativo sistema di attuazione.
CN113815151B (zh) * 2021-09-14 2023-03-14 云南恒罡科技有限公司 一种卷烟废弃滤棒的回收方法
GR20210100730A (el) * 2021-10-25 2023-05-10 Κωνσταντινος Ανδρεα Ζαχαροπουλος Μεθοδος καθαρισμου φιλτρου τσιγαρου
CN115053984B (zh) * 2022-06-29 2023-07-18 河南中烟工业有限责任公司 利用近临界水液化技术制备烟梗提取物的方法

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1003000A (en) * 1962-05-11 1965-09-02 American Mach & Foundry Method and apparatus for removal of tips from scrap cigarettes
US3615997A (en) * 1968-06-19 1971-10-26 Reynolds Tobacco Co R Method of making a reconstituted cigarette filter
DE2213996C3 (de) * 1972-03-22 1978-04-27 Siemens Ag, 1000 Berlin Und 8000 Muenchen Frequenzselektiver, insbesondere im Wobbeibetrieb einsetzbarer Dämpfungsmeßplatz
US4261790A (en) * 1979-08-22 1981-04-14 Philip Morris Incorporated Apparatus for stripping filter paper from filter rod
US4298013A (en) * 1980-04-28 1981-11-03 Philip Morris, Inc. Method for recycling cellulosic waster materials from tobacco product manufacture
US4457317A (en) * 1982-08-09 1984-07-03 Eastman Kodak Company Method of removal of paper wraps from cigarette filter rods
GB2151899A (en) * 1983-12-22 1985-07-31 Tabac Fab Reunies Sa Method of re-using waste fibres

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN1096655A (zh) 1994-12-28
ATE167785T1 (de) 1998-07-15
DE69411323D1 (de) 1998-08-06
JP3537488B2 (ja) 2004-06-14
CN1044774C (zh) 1999-08-25
EP0623290A1 (de) 1994-11-09
DE69411323T2 (de) 1998-11-26
JPH078253A (ja) 1995-01-13

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